HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE

UNIT 5 1844-1877
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : PRE-WAR EXPANSION For additional review, watch .

Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:

• 19th C. American ideology advocating expansion across the North

Define Manifest Destiny. American continent and justified through perceived superiority of
American culture, religion, technology, and democracy.

• As a Mexican territory, Americans were invited to settle and contribute • Stephen F. Austin
How did Texas become an to Mexico’s economy. Most brought Protestantism and slaves with them, • Sam Houston
independent republic? causing tension with Catholic and abolitionist Mexico. War ensued, • Battle of the Alamo
resulting in a Texan victory. • Santa Anna

Which territories/states were added • Texas, Oregon, Mexican Cession (California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of

during the Polk presidency? Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming)

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UNIT 5 1844-1877
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : PRE-WAR EXPANSION (CONT’D.) For additional review, watch .

Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:

What caused the • Dispute over Texas border (Rio Grande vs Nueces River) that turned • Spot Resolution

Mexican-American War? violent

• After swift American victory, Mexico was forced to sell much of their • Mexican Cession (see above)
What was the Treaty of territory in present-day United States as well as recognize Rio Grande as
Guadalupe-Hidalgo? southern border of Texas.

• After the 1848 discovery of gold in California, thousands of Americans, • Boom towns
What was the Gold Rush? Asians, and Mexicans poured into the region. • 1848 pop: 14,000
• 1860 pop: 400,000

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UNIT 5 1844-1877
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : PATH TO CIVIL WAR For additional review, watch and .

Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:

• Pro-slavery: Southern position that claimed slavery was a Constitutional • Wilmot Proviso
right. • Abraham Lincoln
What were the three primary
• Free-soil: Anti-slavery position that aimed to prevent the spread of slavery • Stephen Douglas
stances on slavery in the West?
into the West.
• Popular sovereignty: Leave the decision up to the voters in the territory/state.

• Henry Clay
How was this debate over • Compromise of 1850 (4 provisions) and the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854. • Fugitive Slave Act
slavery addressed? • Bleeding Kansas
• John Brown

How did abolitionists further • Helped slaves escape to freedom in the North and published newspapers • Underground Railroad

their cause prior to the Civil War? and books to spread their ideas. • Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Argued that slaves were not citizens and therefore not able to sue in federal • Chief Justice Taney
court. Also, slaves were considered property and the Constitution explicitly
Explain the Dred Scott decision.
states that no person can be deprived of their property without due process
of law.

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UNIT 5 1844-1877
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : THE CIVIL WAR
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:

• Election of anti-slavery Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1860 without any • Fort Sumter Cornerstone
Southern electoral votes led to secession of South Carolina (and others) Speech C.S.A.
What caused the Civil War? which, in turn, led to
For additional review, watch and .

• Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri were part of the Union

What were the Border States?
despite being slave states.
For additional review, watch .

• Union: Take advantage of economic and naval superiority by blockading • Anaconda Plan
What were the Union and Southern ports and taking control of Mississippi River.
Confederate strategies? • Confederate: Solicit help from Britain and France due to their trade
For additional review, watch . relationship (cotton).

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UNIT 5 1844-1877
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : THE CIVIL WAR (CONT’D.)
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:

• Lincoln’s executive order stating that all enslaved people in Confederate

What was the Emancipation states were free. Enlarged the purpose of the war from preserving the
Proclamation? union to abolishing slavery, thus preventing abolitionist Britain and France
For additional review, watch . from supporting the South.

• Battle of Vicksburg: Union victory along Mississippi River that successfully • General Grant
Explain the two key turning cut the Confederacy in half. • General Lee
point battles. • Battle of Gettysburg: Massive death toll but Union victory stopped • Gettysburg Address
For additional review, watch . Confederate push northward.

• General Sherman’s use of total war destroyed Confederate morale and • March to the Sea
How did the war end? resources. Quickly followed by Lee’s surrender to Grant. • Appomattox Courthouse
For additional review, watch .

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UNIT 5 1844-1877
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : RECONSTRUCTION For additional review, watch .

Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:

• At least 10% of the population must swear an oath of allegiance to the • Ten Percent Plan
What was Lincoln’s plan for Union/Constitution and each state must ratify the 13th Amendment
readmitting seceded states? (abolish slavery).

• Wing of the Republican Party that fought to extend equal civil rights to
Who were Radical Republicans? blacks and to establish political and economic punishments for seceded
states.

• His successor, Andrew Johnson, was a Southern apologist who was against

How did Lincoln’s assassination affording rights to blacks.

and Johnson’s impeachment affect • He vetoed most of Congress’s Reconstruction efforts and was ultimately

Reconstruction? impeached in 1868, allowing Radical Republicans to lead Reconstruction

going forward.

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 HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE

UNIT 5 1844-1877
ANSWERS VIDEO NOTES : RECONSTRUCTION (CONT.)
Answers from Video: Extra Info/Evidence:

• 13th: Abolished slavery (except criminal convictions)

What were the Reconstruction
• 14th: Naturalized citizenship and equal protection
amendments?
• 15th: Universal male suffrage
For additional review, watch .

• Sharecropping: Economic system of tenant farming that still tied poor • Neo-slavery
blacks to the land and white patronage.
List and describe at least 3 examples • Ku Klux Klan: White supremacist organization that terrorized blacks in an • Nathan Bedford Forrest
of continued oppression of blacks effort to limit their civil rights.
after the Civil War. • Black codes: Laws in Southern states that undermined Reconstruction • Later Jim Crow laws
For additional review, watch . efforts and relegated blacks to 2nd class citizens.

• Disputed election of 1877 led to a deal between Republicans and • Compromise of 1877
How did Reconstruction end? Democrats. Hayes would maintain presidency while federal troops would
For additional review, watch . be removed from Southern states.

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