Second Year Industrial Training Seminar Report, Academic Year 2022-23(Odd), PIET, Jaipur

SECOND-YEAR INDUSTRIAL TRAINING SEMINAR REPORT

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
SENSOR NETWORKS IN IOT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology

Rajasthan Technical University

By

Dipanshu Jain
PIET21AD016

DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & DATA SCIENCE

POORNIMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR
(Academic Year 2022-23)
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 Second Year Industrial Training Seminar Report, Academic Year 2022-23(Odd), PIET, Jaipur
SECOND-YEAR INDUSTRIAL TRAINING SEMINAR REPORT

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
SENSOR NETWORKS IN IOT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology

Rajasthan Technical University

By

Dipanshu Jain
PIET21AD016

DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & DATA SCIENCE

POORNIMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR
(Academic Year 2022-23)

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RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

POORNIMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Second Year Industrial Training Seminar Report entitled “ SENSOR
NETWORKS IN IOT” has been submitted by “Dipanshu Jain (PIET21AD016)” for partial fulfillment of
the Degree of Bachelor of Technology of Rajasthan Technical University. It is found satisfactory and
approved for submission.

Date: 02/09/2022

Dr. Rekha Jain Dr. Dinesh Goyal

Head, Director,
Dept. of AI&DS PIET, Jaipur
PIET, Jaipur

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Company Certificate to be Attached

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Industrial Training Seminar report entitled “SENSOR NETWORKS IN IOT" was
carried out and written by me under the guidance of Ms. Ramandeep Kaur, Assistant Professor,
Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Poornima Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Jaipur. This work has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, or certificate nor
has been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma.

Place: AICTE IDEA LAB Dipanshu Jain

PIET21AD016
Date: 02/09/2022

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A project of such vast coverage cannot be realized without help from numerous sources and people in
the organization. I am thankful to Dr. Dinesh Goyal, Director, PIET for providing me with a platform
to carry out such training successfully.

I am also very grateful to Dr. Rekha Jain (HOD, AI&DS) for his kind support.

I would like to take this opportunity to show my gratitude to Ms. Ramandeep Kaur & Ms. Bersha
Kumari who helped me in the successful completion of my First Year of Industrial Training. They have
guided, motivated & were a source of inspiration for me to carry out the necessary proceedings for the
training to be completed successfully.

I am also grateful to Mr. Arun Kumar for his guidance and support.

I am thankful to Mr. Udit Mamodiya for his/her kind support and for providing me with the expertise
in the domain to develop the project.

I am also privileged to have Ms. Reshma Kala and Mr. Nitin Mukesh Mathur who have flourished me
with their valuable facilities without which this work cannot be completed.

I would also like to express my heartfelt appreciation to all of my friends whose direct or indirect
suggestions help me to develop this project and to the entire team members for their valuable suggestions.

Lastly, thanks to all faculty members of the Artificial Intelligence & Data Science department for their
moral support and guidance.

Submitted by:
Dipanshu Jain

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ABSTRACT

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly gaining impact in our day-to-day lives, or so they
particularly thought. They specifically are finding a pretty wide range of applications in various domains,
including health care, assisted and enhanced living scenarios, industrial and production monitoring, control
networks, and many very other fields in a sort of major way. In the future, WSNs mostly are expected to be
integrated into the "Internet of Things\", where sensor nodes kind of join the Internet dynamically, and use it
for all intents and purposes to collaborate and for all intents and purposes to accomplish their tasks, showing
how they are finding a generally wide range of applications in various domains, including health care, assisted
and enhanced living scenarios, industrial and production monitoring, control networks, and many other fields,
which is fairly significant. However, when WSNs become a part of the Internet, we must carefully kind of
investigate and analyze the issues involved with this integration, which essentially is quite significant. In this
paper, we particularly evaluate different approaches to integrating WSNs into the Internet and outline a set of
challenges, which we target to address shortly, kind of contrary to popular belief.

Keywords:
Sensor Networks, Internet of Things, Arduino. Sensors
Interconnection

Implementation Software and Hardware:

Eagle CAD, Arduino IDE, PCB Printing, Fabrication, ESP32 Devkit, DHT11, BMP180,

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Table of Content

Description Page No.

Title i
Certificate ii
Company Certificate iii
Declaration iv
Acknowledgment v
Abstract vi
List of Table vii
List of Figures viii
List of Abbreviations ix

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Significance of Training
1.2 Company Profile
1–2
1.2.1 Introduction
1.2.2 Vision
1.2.3 Mission
Chapter 2 Technology Specification 3–9
2.1 Learned Language
2.2 Tools used in the Project
Chapter 3 Project Description 10 – 18
3.1 Objectives of the project
3.2 Methodology
3.3 Technical detail
3.4 Internet of thing
3.5 Features of IoT
3.6 Arduino
3.7 Think speak
3.8 Initial setup with Think Speak and Arduino
3.9 Setup with Think speak
3.10 Setup Arduino sketch

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3.11 Implementation details

3.12 Result and Analysis
Chapter 4 Snapshots of Project 19 – 21
4.1 Snapshots of experimental results
4.2 Conclusion
4.3 Limitations
4.4 Future scope
References 22

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List of Tables
Table No. Title Page No.
2.1. DHT11 Pinout Configuration 16 – 17
2.2. Connection of BMP180 to ESP-32 18

List of Figures
Figure No. Title Page No.
Figure 2.1 ESP32 14
Figure 2.2 Breadboard 15
Figure 2.3 Jumper Wires 15
Figure 2.4 Resistors 16
Figure 2.5 DHT11 17
Figure 2.6 BMP 180 Sensor Module 17
Figure 2.7 BMP 180 Sensor Pinout 17
Figure 3.1 The architecture of IoT connectivity with Thing Speak 21
Figure 3.2 IoT Features 23
Figure 3.3 Arduino 24
Figure 3.4 Think Speak Platform 25
Figure 3.5 Connections of BMP180 and DHT11 with ESP32 28
Figure 4.1 Temperature analysis of Jaipur Location using Thing Speak 29
Figure 4.2 Humidity analysis of Jaipur Location using Thing Speak 29
Figure 4.3 Altitude analysis of Jaipur Location using Thing Speak 30
Figure 4.4 Pressure analysis of Jaipur Location using Thing Speak 30

List of Abbreviation
Abbreviation Full Form
IoT Internet of Things
SOC System on Chip
CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate
ESP32 Expressif System

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Chapter 1

Introduction to Topic

1. Introduction

1.1 Significance of the training:

In our academy, we assist you in obtaining a better profession for your future. PIET AICTE
IDEA Lab assists you in achieving your objective. The most significant aspect of this course
is that it will inspire you to enter the fascinating field of IT. And training is insufficient to
make you an expert in this huge subject, but without it, you will always be on the sidelines.
Notably, our training course covers the fundamentals of electronics, such as circuits, sensors,
and microcontrollers, as well as an understanding of the most recent programming languages,
such as Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, and others. Our training course will truly provide you
with an in-depth understanding of the exciting world of this excellent area.

Furthermore, we provide a variety of certification courses such as CCNA training, Java

training, Microsoft training, Big Data training, Hadoop training, iOS training, and so on.

The Internet of Things is a new technology that connects numerous technological items. We
would have had to connect manually if this technology had not evolved. The advantage of
this technology is it distributes information amongst linked devices. IoT has made several
advancements in various companies. It has enabled us to remotely check and manage various
electrical equipment with the use of sensors, which includes detecting, managing, and
transferring data to the cloud. It is considerably easier to transport information acquired by
sensors to the cloud using the web. A smart environment is outfitted with a combination of
sensor devices and an application for informing and self-observing the weather.

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has achieved enormous progress in the recent few
years. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the connecting of uniquely identifiable
embedded devices inside existing infrastructure.

Here we propose a “Sensor Networks in IoT”, with the help of wireless technology. The
proposed system reads the Humidity, Temperature, Altitude, and Pressure and reports over
the internet. It allows you to check the Weather Status
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1.2 Company Profile

1.2.1 Introduction

AICTE has launched a proud scheme for establishing an IDEA lab with huge funding of Rs.
55 Lakh, across India, more than 200 Institutions applied for the same. Poornima Institute of
Engineering &Technology is proud to receive this grant and is only 1 Institute across
Rajasthan to achieve these feet. This lab will be an Industry 4.0 Hi-tech lab facility available
24x7 on campus, more students and faculty will be encouraged to take up creative work and,
in the process, get training on creative thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, etc.

1.2.2 Vision
IDEA Lab will be dedicated to up-gradation of the science & engineering education among
students, faculty, Industry & its workforce, with the latest industry trends and practices,
rendering the requirements of the rural population & upgrading skill-based learning of faculty,
engineering students, and schools in above said domains.

1.2.3 Mission
• To have Industry oriented Training & skill development and creativity.
• To increase more Innovative practices and creative research trends in all domains to
generate more entrepreneurs from the Institution.
• To render Consultancy to Industry and develop this lab as a small Manufacturing unit for
the industries.
• To facilitate Research and Social projects with the industries & government agencies.

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Chapter 2

Technology Specifications

The IoT technology stack is nothing else than a range of technologies, standards, and tools,
which lead from the simple connection of objects to the applications that use these connected
things, the data they gather and communicate, and the different steps needed to power them.

2.1 Languages Learned

The syntax is cluttered with punctuation, and there are a million different little mistakes you
can make, but it is still the language of choice for many programmers who write for the lowest
layer of software, the one closest to the hardware. Because the language conceals nothing, you
can tinker with every component of the code to get the most performance out of a low-powered
device. Every bit can be flipped. Every value in the stack is accessible. Just don't make a
mistake since there aren't many safety nets.
C is a vital programming language in the Internet of Things system. This is the most basic layer
of software, closest to the hardware. Over the years, C has served as the foundation for many
other coding languages. This makes it’s understanding a basic need for everybody involved in
IoT initiatives. This is because it does not need a lot of computing power. C is supported by
nearly every sophisticated embedded system platform. Because it lacks built-in features, C is
procedural rather than object-oriented. This programming language is compiled, making it
ideal for Internet of Things projects.

What are Sensor Networks?

A sensor network is made up of a collection of tiny, powered devices and wireless or wired
network architecture. They monitor conditions in a variety of settings, including factories,
farms, and hospitals. To transfer data for analysis and use, the sensor network connects to the
internet or computer networks.

2.2 Tools used in Project

1. ESP32 –

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The ESP32 is a low-cost System on Chip (SoC) Microcontroller developed by Espressif

Systems, the same company that created the well-known ESP8266 SoC. It is the successor
to the ESP8266 SoC and is available in single-core and dual-core versions of Tensilica's
32-bit Xtensa LX6 Microprocessor with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. The ESP32, like
the ESP8266, has inbuilt RF components such as a Power Amplifier, a Low-Noise Receive
Amplifier, an Antenna Switch, Filters, and an RF Balun. Because there are so few external
components, developing hardware around ESP32 is a breeze.

Figure 2.1 ESP32

The ESP32 has many more functions than the ESP8266, and it is impossible to cover all of
them in our Getting Started with ESP32 guide. So, I've compiled a list of some of the most
significant ESP32 specs below. However, for a comprehensive set of specs, I strongly
advise you to see the Datasheet.
• Single or Dual-Core 32-bit LX6 Microprocessor with clock frequency up to 240
MHz.
• 520 KB of SRAM, 448 KB of ROM, and 16 KB of RTC SRAM.
• Supports 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi connectivity with speeds up to 150 Mbps.

2. Breadboard –
A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with numerous small holes. These holes make
it simple to insert electrical components to prototype (create and test an early version of)
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an electronic circuit, such as this one with a battery, switch, resistor, and LED (light-
emitting diode). Because the connections are not permanent, it is simple to delete a
component if you make a mistake, or just start over and complete a new project. This makes
breadboards useful for novices who are new to electronics. Breadboards can be used to
create a variety of fun electronics projects, such as different types of robots or an electronic
drum set, as well as an electronic rain detector to help conserve water in a garden, to name
a few.

Figure 2.2 Breadboard

3. Jumper Wire –
A jump wire (also known as a jumper, jumper wire, or DuPont wire) is an electrical wire,
or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without -
simply "tinned"), that is typically used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or
other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without
soldering.

Figure 2.3 Jumper Wires

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4. Resistor –
A resistor is a two-terminal passive electrical component that uses electrical resistance as a
circuit element. Resistors are used in electronic circuits to limit current flow, alter signal
levels, split voltages, bias active parts, and terminate transmission lines, among other
things. High-power resistors, which can waste several watts of electrical power as heat, can
be employed in motor controllers, power distribution systems, or generator test loads.

Figure 2.4 Resistors

5. DHT11 –
The DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor that outputs calibrated digital data.
DHT11 can communicate with any microcontroller, such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi, and
produce instant results.
The DHT11 is a low-cost humidity and temperature sensor with excellent long-term
stability.
In this project, we will create a tiny circuit that will connect an Arduino to a DHT11
Temperature and Humidity Sensor. Weather monitoring is one of the most common uses
for attaching a DTH11 sensor to an Arduino.
DHT11 Humidity Sensor consists of 4 pins: VCC, Data Out, Not Connected (NC), and
GND. The range of voltage for VCC the pin is 3.5V to 5.5V. A 5V supply would do fine.
The data from the Data Out pin is serial digital data.

Number Pin Name Description

For DHT11 Sensor
1. VCC Power supply 3.5V to 5.5V
2. Data Outputs both Temperature and Humidity through serial Data
3. NC No Connection and hence not used
4. Ground Connected to the ground of the circuit

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For DHT11 Sensor Module

1. VCC Power supply 3.5V to 5.5V
2. Data Outputs both Temperature and Humidity through serial Data
3. Ground Connected to the ground of the circuit

Table 2.1 DHT11 Pinout Configuration

Figure 2.5 DHT11

6. BMP180 –
The BMP180 is the next generation of sensors from Bosch and succeeds the BMP085. The
good news is that in terms of firmware/software, it is entirely similar to the BMP085, You
can use our BMP085 guide and any example code/libraries as a drop-in replacement.
This board is 5V compatible, with a 3.3V regulator and an i2c level shifter circuit included,
allowing you to securely utilize this sensor with 5V logic and power.

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Figure 2.6 and 2.7 BMP 180 Sensor Module and BMP 180 Sensor Pinout

Connecting the Board to your Arduino

When you're done soldering, connect the +, -, CL, and DA pins to your Arduino. Different
Arduino models use different pins for the I2C interface; use the following chart to determine
where to plug everything in.
IMPORTANT: Connect the power pins (+ and -) only to a 3.3V supply. Larger voltages will
permanently damage the part. Note that because I2C uses open drain drivers, it is safe to connect
the I2C pins (DA and CL) to an I2C port on a 5V microprocessor.

BMP180 Pin Function Arduino Connection

Any Pin Labeled SDA,
Uno, Red board, Pro / Pro Mini A4
2
DA (SDA) I C Data Mega, Due 20
Leonardo, Pro Micro 2

Any Pin Labeled SCL,

Uno, Red board, Pro / Pro Mini A5
2
CL (SCL) I C Clock Mega, Due 21
Leonardo, Pro Micro 3

“-” (GND) Ground GND

“+” (VCC) 3.3V Power Supply 3.3 V
IO (VDDIO) I/O Voltage Leave disconnected unless you're connecting to a
lower-voltage microprocessor.

Table 2.2 Connection of BMP180 to ESP-32

DHT11 Specifications
• Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V
• Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)
• Output: Serial data
• Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
• Humidity Range: 20% to 90%

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• Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit

• Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1%

Difference between DHT11 Sensor and Module

The DHT11 sensor can either be purchased as a sensor or as a module. Either way, the
performance of the sensor is the same. The sensor will come as a 4-pin package out of which
only three pins will be used whereas the module will come with three pins as shown above.
The only difference between the sensor and module is that the module will have a filtering
capacitor and pull-up resistor inbuilt, and for the sensor, you have to use them externally if
required.

BMP18 Specifications
• Input Voltage: 3 to 5VDC
• Logic Voltage: 3 to 5V compliant
• Pressure Sensing Range: 300-1100 hPa (9000m to -500m above sea level)
• Resolution: Up to 0.03hPa / 0.25m
• Operational Range & Accuracy: -40°C to +85°C, +-2°C temperature accuracy
• I2C Address: 7-bit address 0x77.

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Chapter 3

Project Description

IoT is a term used to describe the use of the internet to link devices embedded in various
systems. When gadgets or items may represent themselves digitally and be controlled from
anywhere in the world. The connectivity enables us to collect more data from more locations,
resulting in more ways to increase efficiency, which improves safety and IoT security. IoT is a
transformative force that helps businesses enhance their performance through IoT analytics and
IoT security to produce better outcomes. Businesses in the utilities, manufacturing, insurance,
transportation, oil & gas, infrastructure, and retail sectors can benefit from IoT by making better
decisions with the help of a flood of interactional and transactional data. Our suggested
technology provides you with real-time weather parameter reports through the internet. People
may monitor weather statistics online without the requirement for weather forecasting services.

The system monitors the weather and provides live weather information using temperature and
humidity. The system continually transfers data to the microcontroller, which then analyses the
data and continues to communicate the measurements to the online web server through the
internet. This information provides real-time updates about the online servers. The proposed
system also allows the user to establish warnings for specific instances, and the system would
notify the user if the weather parameters cross specified values. The suggested IoT system is
based on real-time weather reporting, which gives accurate and efficient results.

Weather parameters are measured in the outside environment or buildings, and the data is sent
to a cloud server. The advantage of this project will be the manual transmission of real-time
environmental information. The information may be viewed from anywhere in the world.

The created system is utilized to sense temperature and humidity so that the appropriate
temperature is maintained in an industry. Asthmatics must keep their temperature and humidity
levels within a particular range. People who are freshly born or elderly enjoy a certain
temperature and humidity range. It is used to detect temperature and humidity values in a
specific region (not a city or village). This yields particular findings for environmental
conditions such as temperature and humidity. The designed system is cost-effective, and all
parameters are uniquely recognizable via the embedded computing system.
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3.1 Objective of the Project

3.2 Methodology
In summary, the steps are as follows.

1. Collect the real-time streaming weather data using Wi-Fi-enabled IOT sensors.

2. Store the collected streaming data continuously on a google spreadsheet.

3. Analyse or calculate the collected streaming data using Thing Speak.

4. Finally view analysis results in Thing Speak like MATLAB Line charts, bar charts,
through comparison tables, or in some user-convenient manner.

Figure 3.1 Architecture of IoT connectivity with Thing Speak

3.3 Technical Details

This project is built with IoT sensors, the Arduino IDE, and Thing Speak, so let's go over the
fundamentals of each.

3.4 Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) systems are relatively new technological systems that detect realistic
data and transmit them to activate certain actions.
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IoT systems are utilized for a variety of reasons such as networking, robots, agriculture goods,
etc. IoT technologies are extremely useful for developing projects that are integrated and
automated using sensor data.

For emerging technology projects, IoT systems are extremely accurate, efficient, and robust.
IoT systems make full use of recent software advances, and low-cost hardware devices, and
strive to achieve target functions.

Its recent and future-oriented features bring significant reforms in the design of products,
operations, and services, among other things. IoT alters the lives of the general public, students,
employees, farmers, and others.

3.5 Features of IoT

The most significant features of the Internet of Things cover artificial intelligence, sensors,
active engagement, connectivity, and small fabricated circuits in operations.

A summary of IoT features is as follows –

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) With the power of sensor data, artificial intelligence algorithms,
and communications, the Internet of Things (IoT) makes all daily life things virtually
anything smart.
• Simplicity – IoT designs and implements any type of IoT project using very simple
programming constructs.
• Connectivity – We can establish networks of devices on a smaller and less expensive scale
using IoT devices, and they are exactly practical in real-time. IoT networking is simple,
and it is not constrained by network designers. We can build IoT networks using small
system devices and new technologies.
• IoT systems are useless without sensors. Sensors are the primary instruments used to
transmit and receive sensor data from a standard passive network device to an active system
with real-world integration.
• Passive Engagement Today's human life is heavily reliant on network technologies, which
is referred to as passive engagement. Using this passive engagement method, IoT
introduces a new method for active content, product, or service engagement that is low in
cost but high in accuracy and power. The Internet of Things defines specific built-in and
smaller devices that provide scalability, exact precision, and versatile operations.
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Figure 3.2 IoT Features

3.6 Arduino
Arduino is an easy-to-use hardware and software platform for IoT projects. It is a free and open
electronics platform. Programmers use Arduino boards to read data from various sources, such
as turning on lights, reading biometric values from button sensors, triggering appropriate
actions on social media events, turning on electromechanical motors, turning on LED bulbs,
and so on.

The user can instruct the Arduino board on what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
board's microcontroller. To accomplish this, programmers can use the Arduino Software (IDE),
which is based on Processing, and the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring).

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Figure 3.3 Arduino

Arduino has become the heart and intelligent component of millions of operational projects
ranging from small sensor projects to large complex instrument projects in recent years.

Academic trainers, teachers, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals from around
the world are successfully using this open-source platform, contributing incrementally to an
incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great help to beginners and
professional experts alike.

Before this version, the file extension of the Arduino software IDE was .pde; after this version,
the file extension is .ino. Old sketches or .pde files can be easily opened in IDE versions 1.0
and higher. The commands available in the Arduino IDE are as follows:

Verify - This command is used to check the code for syntax errors.

Upload- This function is used to compile source code and upload it to the configured board.

This command is used to create something new. Makes a new program or sketch.

Open - This command is used to open previously saved Arduino sketches in your directory.

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This is used to save. This function saves your program or sketch. Opens the serial monitor to
accept command inputs.

3.7 Think Speak

Thing Speak is an Internet of Things (IoT) platform for collecting and storing sensor data in
the cloud as well as developing IoT applications. The Thing Speak IoT platform includes apps
that allow you to analyze and visualize your data in MATLAB before acting on it. Sensor data
from Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Beagle Bone Black, and other hardware platforms can be sent to
Thing Speak. Thing Speak is an application-oriented data analysis tool that is primarily used
for IoT devices. Users can build any type of project designed for manipulating data collected
from IoT sensors. Thing Speak offers numerous key features, such as real-time data handling,
static and dynamic data processing, MATLAB visualizations, and, finally, applications and
plugins.

Thing Speak's core component is its Communicating Thing Speak channel. It enables users to
send and receive data from the saved location. Each channel can have up to 8 different data
type fields, 3 location fields, and 1 channel field for the status value. After creating your
channel in the tool, you can issue data into the channel, let the Thing Speak evaluate and
analyze the data, and then view the results in a way that suits you.

Figure 3.4 Think Speak Platform

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3.8 Initial Setup with Think Speak and Arduino

Users will require an Arduino board with a network connection, either a built-in Wi-Fi module
or a manual Wi-Fi connection setup, before they can begin transmitting data to Thing Speak
from the Arduino board sensors.

Thing Speak offers library files for Arduino versions 1.6.x and above that work on any version
of Linux, Windows, or Mac. These library files must be installed in Arduino devices before
communication between Thing Speak and the Arduino board can begin.

3.9 Setup with Think Speak

To perform operations in the Thing Speak tool, every user must have a user account and a
channel. In Thing Speak, the channel is treated as most important because through this only
sensor data is sent and stored. Through each channel, the user can utilize a maximum of 8
fields,3 location fields, and 1 status field. For every 15 seconds, the user can send data to Thing
Speak and this delay time is Customizable.
• For first-time users open the https://thingspeak.com website for registration and
signup.
• After successful registracreatesreate your channel by selecting Channels, next click
My Channels, and then new channel.
• Write down separately the Write API Key and Channel ID for coding purposes

3.10 Setup Arduino Sketch

Open the Arduino IDE program, which has a few Arduino sketch examples that use the Thing
Speak library. They generally assist in getting to work immediately away with no adjustments.
If you want to work with built-in Thing Speak channel examples, you must set the variables
my Channel Number and my Write API Key.

For example –
unsigned long my Channel Number = 31461;
const char * my Write API Key = “LD79EOAAWRVY04Y”

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3.11 Implementation Details

Here we are presenting hardware and software requirements and necessary connections to
connect devices.

Hardware And Software Requirements –

Software:
1. Arduino software version 1.6.12 and above
2. Thing Speak data analysis tool
3. Wi-Fi connection
4. Windows OS 7 and above
Hardware:
1. 2 set Arduino Uno boards
2. 2 set DHT-11 Sensors
3. 2 set Wi-Fi module ESP 8266
4. 2 set Breadboards
5. 15 Connector cables
Software side setup:
1. Create an account in Thing Speak https://thingspeak.com/users/login
2. Create your channel for reading real-stream weather data
3. Inject data directly into MATLAB charts.
4. Start collecting data from Wi-Fi-enabled IOT sensors.
5. Analyse the weather streaming data using Thing Speak MATLAB (Line
chart, Bar chart, Pie chart, etc.)
Hardware side setup:
1. Set up Arduino board
2. Set up Connections
3. Make sure that Arduino is connected successfully with the Thing Speak tool.
4. Save and run the code in Arduino IDE

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Figure 3.5 Connections of BMP180 and DHT11 with ESP32

3.12 Result and Analysis

In this chapter, the result of the project is depicted with the help of snapshots. The main
data analysis tool Thing Speak consists of various types of charts, we can easily find out
different types of analysis values like maximum or minimum temperature location, high
or low humidity location, and high- or low-pressure location.

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Chapter 4

Snapshots of the Project

4.1Snapshots of Experimental Results

Figure 4.1 Temperature analysis of Jaipur Location using Thing Speak

Figure 4.2 Humidity analysis of Jaipur Location using Thing Speak

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Figure 4.3 Altitude analysis of Jaipur Location using Thing Speak

Figure 4.4 Pressure analysis of Jaipur Location using Thing Speak

4.2 Conclusion
The project’s Real-time weather analysis is carried out using IoT sensors and the data analysis
platform Thing Speak, and the end remarks are as follows. The trial findings utilizing Thing
Speak MATLAB indicate that weather data analysis is easier and more intelligible.

• The maximum and minimum temperatures in a certain city.

• A city's maximum and minimum humidity levels.
• Temperature comparison of two or more cities at the same time.
• At the same time, compare the humidity levels of two or more cities.

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4.3 Limitations
• As it is wireless in nature, it is prone to hacking by hackers.
• It cannot be used for high-speed communication as it is designed for low-speed
applications.
• It is expensive to build the such network and hence cannot be affordable by all.

4.4 Future Scope

The Project can be extended for the analysis of
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) level of a particular location or any number of locations.
• To find Wind speed in a given location or any number of locations.
• To find the Environment pressure rate at a given location or any number of locations.
• To find the Soil moisturizer level in cropping fields.
• We can extend this project for
1. Web interfaces
2. Mobile applications

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Reference
1. Walker, G. T., 1923, Correlation in Seasonal Variations of weather, III. A Preliminary
Study of World Weather. Mem. India Meteorol. Dep., XXIV, 75131.

2. Walker, G. T., 1924, Correlation in Seasonal Variations of Weather, IV. A Further Study
of World Weather. Mem. India Meteorol. Dep., XXIV, 275 332.

3. Gowariker, V., Thapliyal, V., Sarker, R. P., Mandal, G. S. and Sikka, D. R., 1989,
Parametric and Power Regression Models: New Approach to Long Range Forecasting of
Monsoon Rainfall in India. Mausam, 40, 115 122.

4. Thapliyal, V., 1997, Preliminary and Final Long Range Forecasts for Seasonal Monsoon
Rainfall over India. J. Arid Environ., 36, 385403

5. Rajeevan M., 2001, Prediction of Indian Summer Monsoon: Status, Problems, and
Prospects. Current Science, 8114511457.

6. Thapliyal, V., and Monsoon Rainfall. Mausam, 54, 495504. Rajeevan, M., 2003, Updated
Operational Models for Long-Range Forecasts of Indian Summer

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