1.

0 CAMPUS INFORMATION

1.1 Background Campus

UiTM Shah Alam, located in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, is one of the main campuses of
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Established in 1956 as Dewan Latehan RIDA, it
underwent several name changes before becoming UiTM Shah Alam in 1967. Spanning an
expansive 4,000 acres, the campus boasts modern facilities and infrastructure, including lecture
halls, classrooms, laboratories, libraries, sports facilities, hostels, and student centers. It
encompasses multiple faculties, such as Business and Management, Art and Design, Medicine,
Engineering, Applied Sciences, and Architecture, Planning, and Surveying. With a large
student population, UiTM Shah Alam cultivates a vibrant and multicultural atmosphere,
offering various clubs and activities. The campus also emphasizes research and innovation,
housing research centers and institutes that contribute to knowledge and technological
advancements. Additionally, UiTM Shah Alam organizes cultural and sports events, fostering
a well-rounded student experience. As a prominent institution of higher learning in Malaysia,
UiTM Shah Alam plays a significant role in educating and producing skilled graduates who
contribute to the nation's development.

Figure 1.1 UiTM Shah Alam Campus

There are 13 residential college which provide accommodation to students in the main campus.
These colleges differ from one another in terms of room capacity, where some colleges
accommodate two students per room while some can accommodate up to eight students per
room. As the main campus receives an increase in student enrolment each year, there are
constraints on the residential college facilities. Many students in UiTM Shah Alam have
to rent off-campus residential facilities on their own. To ensure the welfare and safety of the
non-resident students who stay off-campus, the college management established a Non-
Resident Management Unit to manage living environment matters for these students, which
includes helping non-resident students search for accommodation within Shah Alam.

Due to extensive number of buildings in UiTM Shah Alam, their energy consumption is large
and high for each month. Each organisation must, however, employ sustainable energy
management. It is a process of managing the energy consumption to assure that energy has
been effectively and efficiently consumed. The management not only support machines or
equipment that consume energy, but they also propose the best operation from the operators.
To accomplish this, full support from all levels of the staff from the organization are needed.
A good system should be designed to support and align with the broader organizational
objectives and goals. Additionally, they ought to be able to increase employee awareness and
secure total staff participation. On the other side, good energy system should prioritize energy
efficiency by taking strategies to decrease and optimize energy utilised by the business. Then,
it also needs to support the continuous improvement that has been done in the organization
while included the robust monitoring to track the energy consumption as well as identify the
improvement that need to be achieved.
 2.0 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

System energy management involves the effective and efficient management of energy
consumption within a system or organization. The primary focus is on optimizing energy
usage, reducing waste, and lowering energy costs. This is achieved through various
strategies and practices. Energy efficiency plays a crucial role, aiming to identify areas
where energy is being wasted and implementing measures to improve efficiency. Energy
conservation is also emphasized, encouraging responsible energy use and implementing
energy-saving technologies and practices. Monitoring and analysis of energy usage patterns
help identify optimization opportunities, while demand management techniques balance
energy supply and demand. Integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind,
is another important aspect. Energy audits, benchmarking, and continuous improvement
ensure ongoing optimization and sustainability. By implementing system energy
management, organizations can reduce environmental impact, lower costs, and contribute
to a more efficient and sustainable energy future.

In general, a sustainable energy management system's advantages will help The company
established a systematic energy cost management system to reduce energy costs,
operational and maintenance expenses, and raise staff awareness of Energy reporting,
organisation and employee training in energy management, setting up an energy target and
plan, establishing measurement and verification (M&V) methods, and energy conservation
and waste minimization are all examples of energy management strategies. Additional
quality systems, including ISO 14001, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), and others,
should be acknowledged. Additionally, we must first comprehend the current status of the
organisation in order to offer recommendations for how to enhance every part of the energy
management system.
 ENERGY POLICY

INVESTMENT
CRITERIA FOR ENERGY TEAM
EC PROJECTS
Evaluation EM
status cover 6
ELEMENT
MOTIVATION
MARKETING
AND TRAINING
CENTRE
INFORMATION
SYSTEM

Figure 3.1.1: The Evaluation of Energy Management

An energy policy is a strategic plan or set of guidelines developed by an organization or
government to outline its approach and goals regarding energy management, conservation, and
sustainability. It serves as a framework for decision-making and actions related to energy
usage, efficiency, and environmental impact. The policy typically includes objectives, targets,
and action plans to reduce energy consumption, promote renewable energy sources, and
minimize greenhouse gas emissions. It may also address energy procurement, energy efficiency
standards, employee training, and stakeholder engagement. An energy policy provides a
roadmap for the organization's commitment to sustainable energy practices and guides the
implementation of energy management initiatives. In the context of energy management within
an organization, the following steps can be undertaken:

1. Set up an energy management committee or team: Establish a dedicated team or committee

responsible for overseeing and implementing energy management initiatives within the
organization.

2. Identify Energy Accounting Centres (EACs): Identify specific areas or departments within
the organization that are responsible for energy consumption and management. These could
include manufacturing units, office spaces, or other energy-intensive operations.

3. Prepare process mapping for each EAC: Create a detailed map or description of the energy
flows, processes, and activities within each Energy Accounting Centre to understand the energy
consumption patterns.
4. Identify control parameters (energy data) for each EAC: Determine the key energy-related
variables or parameters that need to be measured and monitored within each Energy
Accounting Centre. This includes energy inputs and outputs, such as electricity, fuel
consumption, or production volumes.

5. Set up overall energy index and appropriate energy index for each EAC: Establish energy
indices or metrics to assess and compare the energy efficiency performance of the organization
as a whole and individual Energy Accounting Centres. These indices help track progress and
identify areas for improvement.

6. Determine the overall energy baseline and energy saving targets: Establish a baseline energy
consumption level and set specific targets for energy reduction or efficiency improvement for
the organization as a whole and each Energy Accounting Centre.

7. Measure and record control parameters (energy data): Implement systems and processes to
measure and record the identified energy data and control parameters. This may involve
installing energy meters, collecting utility bills, or using energy management software.

8. Data Analysis: Analyze the collected energy data using techniques such as energy index
calculations, energy scatter diagrams, or statistical methods like CUSUM (Cumulative Sum)
to identify trends, anomalies, and areas for improvement.

9. Prepare operational guidelines for each EAC: Develop specific guidelines or procedures for
energy management within each Energy Accounting Centre. These guidelines should outline
best practices, energy-saving measures, and actions to achieve the set targets.

10. Conduct awareness training for all staff: Provide training and awareness programs to
educate employees about energy management principles, energy-saving practices, and their
roles in achieving the organization's energy goals.

11. Control the overall energy index and energy indexes for each EAC: Continuously monitor
and control the overall energy index and energy indices for each Energy Accounting Centre by
following the recommendations outlined in the operational guidelines. Regular review and
adjustment of energy management strategies may be necessary to ensure progress towards
energy-saving targets.
By following these steps and implementing an energy policy, organizations can effectively
manage energy consumption, reduce costs, minimize environmental impact, and work towards
a more sustainable future.

3.0 ENERGY ACCOUNTING CENTRE (EAC) & ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDEX

(EEI)

3.1 Energy Accounting Centre (EAC)

An Energy Accounting Centre (EAC) is a designated area or department within an organization

that is responsible for monitoring, managing, and analyzing energy consumption and related
data. The purpose of establishing EACs is to have focused control and visibility over energy
usage within specific operational units or facilities. EACs enable organizations to track energy
flows, identify patterns, and implement targeted interventions for energy optimization. By
monitoring energy data through meters or data logging systems, EACs gather information such
as electricity consumption, fuel usage, or water consumption. This data is then analyzed to
identify trends, anomalies, and areas of high energy consumption. EACs also establish energy
performance indicators to evaluate the efficiency of the designated area. Reports generated by
EACs provide valuable insights to management, facilitating informed decision-making.
Additionally, EACs play a vital role in implementing energy efficiency initiatives, conducting
energy audits, and promoting conservation practices within their specific areas. By establishing
EACs, organizations can effectively manage energy usage, drive energy conservation, and
work towards their sustainability goals.
 3.2 Energy Efficient Index (EEI)

The Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) is a metric used to assess and compare the energy efficiency
performance of different systems, processes, or products. It provides a quantitative measure of
how effectively energy is utilized to achieve desired outcomes or perform specific tasks. The
EEI is typically calculated by comparing the energy consumed to the output or performance
achieved. The EEI serves as a valuable tool for evaluating and benchmarking energy efficiency.
It allows organizations to quantify and compare the energy performance of various systems or
processes, helping them identify areas for improvement and make informed decisions
regarding energy management.

The calculation of the EEI may vary depending on the context and specific application. In
general, it involves determining the appropriate energy input and output parameters for the
system or process being evaluated. For example, in the case of a manufacturing process, the
energy input could be the electricity or fuel consumed, while the energy output could be the
production volume or the units of output produced. By dividing the energy output by the energy
input, the EEI value is obtained.

EEI = Energy Input / Energy Output

Meaning to say, The Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) is a metric used to measure and compare
the energy efficiency performance of systems, processes, or products. It provides a quantitative
measure of how effectively energy is utilized to achieve desired outcomes. The EEI is
calculated by comparing the energy consumed to the output or performance achieved. A higher
EEI value indicates higher energy efficiency, while a lower value suggests areas for
improvement. The EEI serves as a benchmarking tool, allowing organizations to assess energy
efficiency, identify opportunities for optimization, and make informed decisions regarding
energy management. By using the EEI, organizations can drive continuous improvement,
reduce energy consumption, and achieve cost savings while promoting sustainable energy
practices.
 3.3 Energy Accounting Centre (EAC) & Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) of UiTM

The information of overall EAC is gathered such as working hours and monthly electrical
energy use which are displayed in the project. Figure below are shown as UiTM Shah Alam
Region and the EAC plan projects. It then divides the zone into different section and functions
and also different zones and identities.

Person in charge in every EAC may able to identify their zone in order to collect data because
of the amount of building that are not the same in each zone. The functionality of each zone is
different.

ZONE NAME INDICATOR PERSON IN

CHARGE
1 Premier Red Mr Mirza
2 Faculty and office 1 Blue Mr Shahmi
3 Faculty and office 2 Green Mr Alimudin
4 Residence and yellow Mr Sofian
recreation
Table 3.3 Area of Zone For EAC

Below are the map of UiTM Shah Alam within the zone given for each region. The zone of
UiTM Shah Alam is been distribute by the following criteria such as building type and the
region itself.
 Faculty &
premier office 2

Residence dan
Faculty & office 1
Recreation

Figure 3.3 Layout EAC zone

Zone Layout
Premier (zone 1) Cancelari, Nur Zahirah Gallery, leveled
Parking, Sri Budiman Hall, Infrastructure
office, Pusat Islam, Pusat Kesihatan, Hotel
UiTM, Pos 1 &3
Faculty & office 1 (zone 2) Academic 1, engineers building, Police
academy and PALAPES, engineers old
workshop, MTDC, Budisiswa, PTAR 1,
FSPU, FSSR, Menara SAAS, faculty
science.
Faculty & office 2 (zone 3) Police Bantuan office, Engineering
complex, MASCOM, Sport Science,
Workshop, Makmal Loji, NR unit, FSKM,
bangunan inovasi, music Faculty, Pejabat
perolehan.
 Residence dan Recreation (zone 4) Kolej Teratai, Mawar, Anggerik, Melati,
seroja, Delima, Kristal, Meranti Perindu,
Pusat Sukan, Stadium, Kolam Renang,
Gym,
Table 3.3.2 total layout per zone is shown for EAC based on UiTM Shah Alam map.
EAC 1 and EEI 1 for Premier (Zone 1)

No. Area/Equipment/Machine/System Record Data EEI

1 Canselori • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption data hour

2 Nur Zahirah Gallery • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption data hour

3 Sri Budiman Hall • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption data hour

4 Infrastructure office • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption data hour

5 Pusat Islam • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption data hour

6 Pusat Kesihatan • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption data hour

7 Hotel UiTM • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption data hour

8 Pos 1 & 3 • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption data hour
EAC 2 and EEI 2 for faculty & office 1 ( Zone 2)

No. Area/Equipment/Machine/System Record Data EEI

1 Academic 1, • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

2 Engineers building • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

3 Police academy and PALAPES • Working hour per day kWh / working
• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

4 Engineers old workshop • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

5 MTDC • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

6 Budisiswa • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

7 PTAR 1 • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

8 FSPU • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

9 FSSR • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

10 Menara SAAS • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

11 Menara SAAS, faculty science. • Working hour per day kWh / working
• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data
EAC 3 and EEI 3 for faculty & office 2 ( Zone 3)

No. Area/Equipment/Machine/System Record Data EEI

1 Police Bantuan office • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

2 Engineering complex • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

3 MASCOM, • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

4 Sport Science • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

5 Workshop vehicle • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

6 Makmal Loji • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

7 NR unit • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

8 FSKM • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

9 Bangunan inovasi • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

10 music Faculty • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data

11 Pejabat perolehan • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical hour
consumption data
EAC 4 and EEI 4 for Residence and Recreation ( Zone 4)

No Area/Equipment/Machine/System Record Data EEI

1 Kolej Teratai • No. of occupied room per/night kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

2 Kolej Mawar • No. of occupied room per/night kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

3 Kolej Anggerik • No. of occupied room per/night kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

4 Kolej Melati • No. of occupied room per/night kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

5 Kolej seroja • No. of occupied room per/night kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

6 Kolej Delima • No. of occupied room per/night kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

7 Kolej Kristal • No. of occupied room per/night kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

8 Kolej Meranti • No. of occupied room per/night kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

9 Kolej Perindu • No. of occupied room per/night kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

10 Pusat Sukan dan Stadium • Working hour per day kWh / working
• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

11 Kolam Renang • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data

12 Gym • Working hour per day kWh / working

• Monthly electrical consumption hour
data
 4.0 ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

4.1 Energy Management Working Procedure

The executive and the Energy Management Committee have mutually agreed upon a
baseline EEI when it has been established. Each EAC is required to develop its own
operating guidelines and resources for use by its staff in regular basis.

Operational Guideline (OG)/ Process Mapping (PM) / Work instruction (WI) / Log Sheet (LS) /
Calculation Sheet (CS) has been developed and set up

Practice Revise working procedures and/or

control parameter according to the
Using OG/WI Guidelines and tools implementation result
for daily work
Routine
Practice

Record Control Parameter

Using Log sheet (LS) or conducting

Energy Audit

Set up or revise energy index and

Report
saving for EAC
to:

Analyze Data -connect to working procedure of

Result Analysis EM-WP
Using calculation Sheet (CS) or using
By Head EAC or Assigned
the result from Energy Audit Person
Implementation result

(from working Procedure J of

EM-WP)

Identify Energy Conservation

ECMs Identification and
Measures (ECMs) and set up team
implementation
Sustainable Improvement (SIT)
-Connect to Working Procedure of
EM-WP

Figure 4.1 Flow Diagram For each EAC (EAC-WP)

Figure 4.1.2 Energy Management Working Procedures
4.2. Components of Working Manual and Tools for Energy Management

In the context of Energy Accounting Centre – Work Package (EAC-WP), a set of documents
is created to ensure proper implementation, monitoring, and auditing of improvement
measures. These documents include the Operational Guideline (OG), Process Mapping (PM),
Work Instruction (WI), Log Sheet (LS), and Calculation Sheet (CS).

4.2.1 Process Mapping (PM)

The PM document illustrates the flow and interrelationships of energy-related processes within
the Energy Accounting Centre. It provides a visual representation of how energy is consumed,
transferred, or transformed within the specific area or department. Process mapping helps
identify energy-intensive areas, potential energy losses, and opportunities for optimization. The
following are the primary goals of process mapping:

● Identify sub-process

● Identify types or sources of energy, material input and production

output for each sub-process

● Understand how and what type of energy has been used

● Identify what are the control parameters

● Identify how related data has been collected

There are a few steps in developing a development steps of process mapping such as:

1. Draw process flow diagram showing all sub processes

2. Define type and amount of energy input, product output, control parameter for each
sub process
3. Specify standard or reference value of each control parameter
4. Define sub EEI
5. Record existing energy consumption data and control parameter
6. Analyze the data from step 5, compare actual EEI/sub EEI and control parameter to
the specified value in step 3 and 4
7. Review and finalize control parameter and sub EEI
4.2.2 Working Instruction (WI)
The WI document provides specific instructions and step-by-step procedures for executing
energy-related tasks or activities. It outlines the methods, tools, and techniques to be used for
implementing improvement measures or energy-saving initiatives. Work instructions ensure
consistency and standardization in energy management practices within the Energy Accounting
Centre. Table below shows a Work Instruction (WI) example.

TITLE / DESCRIPTION
Kolej Melati - Zone 4 (Residence and Recreation)
OF PROCESS

CREATED BY SCOPE

Mohd Khairul Arhiruddin

PROCESS NUMBER

INITIAL ISSUE DATE INSTRUCTIONS

CURRENT VERSION

BILL OF MATERIALS

OUTSOURCING

ROUTINGS

WORK IN PROGRESS

COST

MASTER
PRODUCTION
SCHEDULE
LIST OF INSTRUCTIONS /
STEPS
 PROJECTED ACTUAL DATE
DATE OF OF
COMPLETION COMPLETION
AUTHORIZED BY

4.2.3 Log Sheet (LS)

The LS is a record-keeping document used to track and record relevant data and information
related to energy consumption, energy-saving actions, or other key parameters. It provides a
systematic way to document energy-related activities, such as energy audits, equipment
maintenance, or energy-saving measures implemented. The log sheet serves as a valuable tool
for monitoring progress, analyzing trends, and facilitating audits or evaluations. An energy
management log sheet can be seen in Figure below.

Department Office 1 (zone 2)

Date 8 June 2023
Supervisor Name Encik Ahmad Fakhrullah

Start/Stop Task Performed Equipment or Resources Final Remark

Time Used

12.00pm – 2.00pm Evaluating and inspect 3 Fan regulator, 6

electrical devices in the Fluorescent lamp
building
Figure 4.2.3 Log Sheet
4.2.4 Calculation Sheet

The CS is used to perform calculations, analyses, or assessments related to energy efficiency

or energy-related metrics. It may include formulas, equations, or algorithms to quantify energy
consumption, energy intensity, or other performance indicators. The calculation sheet helps in
evaluating the effectiveness of improvement measures, conducting energy performance
assessments, and comparing energy efficiency before and after implementing changes. Figure
below shows a calculation sheet.

Energy
Calculator

Used by: Mr. Adam Contact:

Location: PTAR 1 – Zone 2 Emergency:
per kilowatt-hour
Unit Pay (kWh)

Hours/ Cost/
Watts/ TOTAL Cost/day Cost/year
Appliance Quantity Day month
unit watts to use to use
used to use
Air
conditioner
lamp
fan
regulator

TOTAL ENERGY
COST
4.2.5 Operation Guideline (OG)
An Operational Guideline (OG) is a comprehensive document that provides detailed
instructions, procedures, and best practices for managing a specific process or area within an
organization. In the context of energy management, the OG serves as a reference document for
employees in the Energy Accounting Centre, guiding them on energy-saving measures and
achieving efficiency goals. The OG ensures consistency and efficiency in energy management
practices, enabling employees to effectively contribute to energy efficiency goals. It includes
objectives, roles and responsibilities, procedures, best practices, reporting and documentation
requirements, training and awareness, and performance measurement criteria.

Person in charge (PIC) Mr Nurman

Date 16 June 2023

Location Gym (zone 4)

Objective - Improve energy consumption

efficiency
- Reduce cost
- Optimize saving energy

Scope of work This guideline applies to all UITM

residents, staff,
lecturers, students, and others.
Working procedure

Checking procedure

Documentation

Figure 4.2.5 Operation Guideline