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Teen Breathe Special

This document profiles Mexican artist Frida Kahlo and discusses her life and artwork. It notes that Kahlo was inspired by the obstacles in her life to become one of Mexico's greatest artists, known for her vibrant self-portraits depicting her Mexican heritage and political activism. Her unique style reflected her life experiences with illness and injury from a young age. Despite great personal tragedy and pain, Kahlo's artwork conveyed her strong, defiant spirit. The document also provides ideas for symbolism that can be included in self-portraits to reveal aspects of one's personality.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

327 views84 pages

Teen Breathe Special

Uploaded by

Belosnezhka

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 84

T EEN B R E AT H E S P EC I A L

INSPIRING WOMEN
D R E A M B I G • B E B R AV E • A I M H I G H • B E YO U R S E L F

I N S PI R I N G YO U N G WO M EN TO CH A N G E T H E WO R L D
INSPIRING
WOMEN
This year, 2018, is the Year of the Woman, and it’s an important one.
It marks 100 years since the ﬁrst women ﬁnally won the right to vote.
You may wonder why this should matter to you, today – didn’t all that
happen a long time ago?

Well, understanding the past means the present makes more sense, and
it also gives you a better idea of what the future might be. When you
imagine what life must really have been like for many of the women
in this Inspiring Women Special, you walk in their shoes, you see the
injustices and challenges they had to face and overcome. This might
make you more certain of what is right and wrong, feel grateful for the
sacriﬁces they have made, be inspired to overcome your own obstacles,
or give you a clearer picture of what you hope will happen in the future.

Women have made huge strides towards equality since 1918. Each of
the brave and bold women in this magazine have played their part in
changing history for the women who came after them. They are the
reason young women today can dream big and feel able to follow those
dreams. Here at Teen Breathe we hope they inspire you to be brave, be
kind, be yourself and who knows, even follow in their footsteps.

teenbreathe.co.uk
2
FRIDA
KAHLO
A passionate portrait painter
whose art mirrored her life
NATIONALITY: MEXICAN (1907-1954)

Who: One of Mexico’s greatest artists. Distinctive art

Why she inspires us: Some are defeated by the obstacles Frida was moderately successful during her lifetime, seen by
life throws at them, but Frida found inspiration in them. many as the wife of her mentor, the then far more famous
painter Diego Rivera – but her legacy went beyond that. Not
The original selfie only she was an amazing, passionate painter who was proud
Frida suffered a mountain of tragedy and heartbreak during of her Mexican heritage, she was also a political activist, a
her lifetime, but it was arguably because of this that she strong voice for women and now a pop icon. Her unique
went on to become one of the world’s most influential and vibrant and extravagant style – with her famous ‘unibrow’,
imaginative female artists. Born Magdalena Carmen Frida her oversized floral crowns, her folkloric dresses and her
Kahlo y Calderón in Mexico in 1907, nothing predestined revolutionary spirit – is reflected in her paintings.
her to become a painter, but life decided otherwise. She
suffered from health problems from a very young age: first at
the age of six when she caught polio (which left her with a
limp), then at 18 when she survived a near-fatal bus accident.
Her injuries were so severe that she was bedridden for many ‘At the end of the day, we
months on and off for the rest of her life – but it was while
she was confined to bed recovering from the accident that
she began to paint. Her mother gave her a
can endure much more than
special easel and she had a mirror above her
bed so she could paint her first self-portrait.
we think we can’
These moments of isolation allowed her
to express with honesty who she was and
WORDS: ANNE GUILLOT. ILLUSTRATIONS: MATT CARR AND ROBIN SHIELDS

how she felt at the time, and over her lifetime

she would go on to create 143 paintings, DID YOU KNOW?
including 55 self-portraits. One of her most Frida owned several exotic pets which she kept
famous self-portraits, The Broken Column in the beautiful garden at Casa Azul, the bright
(1944), depicts her with a crumbling column blue house where she was born and raised. Along
instead of her spine, metal nails piercing her with a few Mexican hairless Xoloitzcuintli dogs,
body and tears streaming down her face. she had a pair of spider monkeys named Fulang
Despite the pain that the painting shows on Chang and Caimito de Guayabal, an Amazon
the surface, the feeling you take away with parrot called Bonito – who would perform
you is of a strong woman defying the odds, tricks if promised a pat of butter as a reward – a
no matter the circumstances. Because that’s fawn named Granizo, and an eagle nicknamed
who Frida really was – and is remembered Gertrudis Caca Blanca.
as, even to this day.

3
WHAT DO SELF-PORTRAITS REVEAL?
Many of Frida’s paintings were self-portraits. The way you choose
to represent yourself and your surroundings in a drawing or
painting can reveal a lot about who you are.

Here are a few inspirational ideas...

Eyes
Some people believe large eyes show curiosity and a big imagination. Make them
slant downwards, however, and you could be saying you have something to hide.
Smaller eyes can represent an organised mind.

Nose
Large noses imply good health, while a short nose shows kindness and
a long one can mean bossiness!

Mouth
Full lips indicate conﬁdence and spontaneity, whereas a large mouth can
show friendliness. Thin lips are often associated with people who like to
argue, or who are more thoughtful.

Face shape
Pointy chins represent a ﬁery personality, and a large face can mean
ﬂexibility and openness. A big forehead suggests an ability to learn, while
a smaller one can signify a person who acts before they think.

Symbolism
Frida’s self-portraits were ﬁlled with images that were symbolic
of her life. For example, trees depicted hope and strength, hair
meant femininity and roots showed growth, but also a sense of being
trapped in the same place. What symbols could you include in your
self-portrait? Have a go for yourself on the page opposite...

‘I paint myself because

I am often alone and I am
the subject I know best’
4
5
Top 5 artists
WHO BROKE THE MOULD

1
Off-beat Icelandic icon BJÖRK released her first album in the late 1970s at the age of 11 and over
her four-decade career has spent time as a songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer,
DJ and actress. A great innovator, she experimented with many styles – from pop to punk, hip-
hop and even jazz – before mixing them together to create her own unique musical universe.
Her fierce creativity has kept her at the cutting edge of pop for more than 20 years, but it’s her
individuality and determination not to worry what others think that is so inspirational.

2
Eccentric Japanese superstar YAYOI KUSAMA is a versatile
contemporary artist – working in sculpture, painting, drawing,
as well as fashion and literature among others – who likes
to showcase her weird and colourful view of life with
spectacular interactive art installations in museums around
the world. A pop-art pioneer who was part of the New York
avant-garde scene in the 1960s and notably inﬂuenced Andy
Warhol, the ‘princess of polka dots’ scandalised her native
Japan with her early work. Today, at almost 90 years old, Yayoi
still knows how to remain provocative; skilled at reinventing
her style decade after decade, her work is bizarre, controversial
and always fascinating.

3
Less colourful but almost as strange is the black-and-white world of surrealist photographer
GRETE STERN. A leading ﬁgure of avant-garde photography, she introduced ground-breaking
techniques with her photomontages in 1948 that are just as powerful and imaginative today. She
explored the world through her lens, from her native Germany to England and Argentina, where
she presented with her husband the country’s ﬁrst exhibition of modern photography. Possibly
Grete’s most brilliant work, however, is her Sueños series (1948-1951), in which she illustrated
reader’s dreams for a popular Argentinean women’s magazine. She depicted their nightmares
as well as their hidden desires, but beneath the surface she found a clever way to give women
a voice and criticise their oppressed status in a male-dominated society.

4
Born in 1860 in rural Ohio, American sharphooter ANNIE OAKLEY deﬁed gender stereotypes
to become an international celebrity in a sport dominated exclusively by men. She began hunting
game to support her family at the age of eight and quickly discovered she had exceptional shooting
skills. After entering a shooting match in which she beat touring marksman Frank Butler, she went
on to marry him and perform stunts with Buﬀalo Bill’s Wild West show. By the end of the 19th
century she had become a superstar who performed for the likes of Queen Victoria. Not only was
she an amazing entertainer, she never forgot her rural roots, giving money to orphan charities.
Stories of her shooting feats were legendary. It was said at 30 paces she could ‘split a playing card
held edge-on, hit dimes tossed into the air and riddle a playing card thrown into the air before it
touched the ground.’

6
5 MARY
WIGMAN
The German choreographer who
transformed the practice of dance

NATIONALITY: GERMAN (1886-1973)

One of the pioneers of modern dance, German dancer and

choreographer Mary Wigman began training at 24 (proving
there is no right age to start) and revolutionised the dance
world. Opposed to the rigidity of ballet, for Mary it was
not so much the technique, the music, the costumes or
even the beauty of a performance as the expression of
emotion through movement that was important.
After just three years of formal training she created
her infamous ‘Witch’ dance. Dancing on stage with no
music, alone and barefoot, almost in a state of trance,
she appeared possessed by a demonic energy.
Initially described as a ‘mad frenzy’ or an ‘imbecilic
dislocation of the joints’ by German critics, her
compositions marked the start of the expressionist dance
WORDS: ANNE GUILLOT. PHOTOS (LEFT): SHUTTERSTOCK.COM, (ABOVE): ALAMY.COM, (RIGHT): GETTY.COM

movement. Mary believed the purpose of dance was not to

entertain but to communicate, famously saying: ‘If I could
say with words what my dances express, I wouldn’t have a
reason to dance.’
A trendsetter, in 1920 she set up her own school and
spent the following years touring with her students,
spreading her expressionist ideas on the continent and
across the US.
Mary wrote several essays regarding her work and
creative process and released two books, including
The Language of Dance, asserting her artistic genius.
Her unique approach would inspire and inﬂuence many
generations of dancers and choreographers to come.

‘If I could say with words what

my dances express, I wouldn’t
have a reason to dance’
7
Extract from Women in Sport by Rachel Ignotofsky.
Published by Hachette Children’s Group, £12.99, hachettechildrens.co.uk. ISBN – 9781526360922

8
GERTRUDE
EDERLE
The ﬁrst woman to swim
the English Channel

NATIONALITY: AMERICAN
(1905-2003)

Who: The first woman to swim from England to France. Gertrude was an instant sensation and returned home to
Why she inspires us: She beat the times of all the men one of the largest parades New York City had ever seen. She
before her – by two hours, in a violent storm. proved that a woman could succeed under the most extreme
conditions, and because of her success, swimming became
Born in 1905 in New York, Gertrude Caroline Ederle started one of the most popular sports for women throughout the
swimming young and became one of the most accomplished 1920s and 30s. Her record remained unbroken for 24 years.
swimmers of all time. At the 1924 Olympics, she won a gold
and two bronze medals. She liked racing, but her real interest
was long-distance swimming and she swam 28km in 7 hours GERTRUDE IS HONOURED FOR HER HISTORIC SWIM AND CROWNED
and 11 minutes from the docks of Lower Manhattan’s Battery ‘QUEEN OF THE WAVES’, NEW YORK CITY, 1926
to Sandy Hook, New Jersey: a world record.
Gertrude wanted to do the impossible and become the first
woman to swim the English Channel. Newspapers scoffed at
the idea. The London Daily News wrote, ‘Women must admit
that in a contest of physical skill, speed and endurance, they
PHOTOGRAPHY: (TOP) NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. RIGHT: GETTY.COM

must remain forever the weaker sex’. Only five men in history
had successfully swum the 36.2km-wide Channel. Gertrude
wanted to beat the fastest time, swum by Enrique Tirabocchi:
16 hours, 33 minutes.
Her first attempt, in 1925, was a disaster. After nearly nine
hours of swimming, she became seasick and was pulled into
a boat. One year of intense training later, Gertrude was back.
That day, the water was so dangerous that even boats
had trouble and she was set off course many times by the
choppy waters. Gertrude decided that she would either swim
or drown, but never quit. She persevered and made it in 14
hours, 31 minutes – beating the world record by two hours!

‘When somebody tells me

I cannot do something, that
is when I do it'
9
EMMELINE
PANKHURST
The leader of the British suﬀrage
movement who helped women win
the right to vote

NATIONALITY: BRITISH (1858-1928)

Who: Political activist and leader of the British suffragette of marriage, but her husband believed she should not be a
movement – and one of the reasons women can vote today. ‘household machine’ and hired a servant to look after them
Why she inspires us: One of the world’s greatest female so she could continue with her campaigning. In 1889, she and
fighters, she was a charismatic leader who changed politics Richard formed the Women’s Franchise League to advocate
and women’s ideas about themselves. a more radical approach to women gaining the vote. At the
time, society was totally opposed to such movements; even
Queen Victoria described it as a ‘mad folly’.
The conscious suffragist
Born the eldest daughter of 10 children to Manchester Under attack
businessman Robert Goulden and his wife Sophia, Emmeline In 1898, Richard died suddenly and Emmeline was forced
was a precocious youngster with a family that held radical to reassess her life and take a job to make ends meet. But
political beliefs. She was encouraged to learn about current she also formed a new group called the Women’s Social
affairs by reading the daily newspaper to her father as he and Political Union (WSPU), its main aim being to recruit
ate his breakfast. Despite this, Emmeline recalled she once working-class women into the struggle. Early members
heard him remark that it was a pity she wasn’t born a boy. included all three of her daughters, Christabel, Sylvia and
‘It was made quite clear that men considered themselves Adela. By 1905 the media had lost interest, so the WSPU
superior to women, and that women accepted this decided to use different methods to obtain the publicity
situation,’ she said. ‘I found this view of things difficult to they thought was needed to achieve their aims.
reconcile with the fact that both my father and my
mother were advocates of women having the vote.’
During the 1868 General Election, Emmeline and
her younger sister, Mary, took part in a feminist
demonstration. Then in 1872, at the age of 14,
she begged her mother to let her attend her first
suffrage meeting. ‘I left the meeting a conscious and
confirmed suffragist,’ she said. Shortly after this,
Emmeline was sent to a finishing school in Paris.
Returning home an eloquent and polished 19-year-
old, Emmeline met a lawyer and committed socialist
called Richard Pankhurst. He was also a strong
advocate of women’s suffrage. Although he was
more than 20 years her senior, Emmeline’s father
gave permission for them to marry. Emmeline
went on to have four children in the first six years

10
‘I suppose I had
always been an LEADER OF
unconscious suffragist. THE PACK
With my temperament Do you
y see yourself as a team player or a
tea
team captain? Emmeline Pankhurst was
and my surroundings, a natural leader who empowered those
around
ar her and inspired them. But what
I could scarcely have q
qualities make someone a good leader?
been otherwise’ If you’re wondering whether you’re a natural
l
leader, here are three things to think about...

Is there something you really want?

For the ﬁrst time in Britain, women used violence.
.................................................................................................................. ..........................
They smashed shop windows and even attempted to
burn down the houses of government ministers, which .................................................................................................................. ..........................

led to arrests. Emmeline herself was imprisoned. Hunger

.................................................................................................................. ..........................
strikes became the accepted strategy of the WSPU and
the women endured painful force-feeding. These extreme .................................................................................................................. ..........................

tactics culminated in suﬀragette Emily Davison attempting

.................................................................................................................. ..........................
to grab the bridle of King George V’s horse at the 1913
Derby. The horse hit her and Emily died without ever .................................................................................................................. ..........................

regaining consciousness.
.................................................................................................................. ..........................
The start of World War One in 1914 put an end to the
militancy as it was felt members should unite in the ﬁght Do you instinctively try to chase after it?
against Germany. Finally, in 1918, women over the age of
.................................................................................................................. ..........................
30 were granted the vote, but with several restrictions. In
1928, this was extended to all women over 21. Today, all .................................................................................................................. ..........................

women can vote from the age of 18.

.................................................................................................................. ..........................

Time to change .................................................................................................................. ..........................

Emmeline’s long years of crusading, including imprisonment

.................................................................................................................. ..........................
and hunger striking, took a toll on her health. She died in a
nursing home in London on June 14, 1928, a month short of .................................................................................................................. ..........................
WORDS: KIM SMITH. ILLUSTRATION: MATT CHINWORTH. PHOTOS: ALAMY.COM

her 70th birthday. She did not live to see the Representation
.................................................................................................................. ..........................
of the People Act endorsed, giving women over 21 the vote,
but she knew it was about to happen. Are you able to get others to help you chase
ase it?

.................................................................................................................. ..........................
........................

.................................................................................................................. ...............

DID YOU KNOW? ..................................................................................................................

...............
.............

New Zealand was the ﬁrst country to give women ..................................................................................................................

..............
..........

the vote in 1893, followed by Australia in 1902. ...............

.................................................................................................................. .........

The United States did not do so until 1920. The

ﬁnal country to grant such rights was Saudi Arabia ..................................................................................................................
........ ........

in 2011 and only one country does not allow its ...........................................................................................................
...

people, male or female, to vote – Brunei.

11
11
DO YOU BELIEVE?
Do you feel able to take on the world? Believing in yourself gives you enthusiasm
for life, an inner conﬁdence, a sense of what is right and, most importantly, a feeling
that anything is possible

Do you believe in yourself? Do you feel sure of your Accepting the good
strengths and abilities? Not in an arrogant, ‘I’m so amazing’ Has anyone ever told you that you’re funny? That you’re
way, but in an honest one that means you know who you kind, or creative? Good at sports, at writing or that you work
are and accept every part of yourself – the good and the hard? Did you believe them when they said those things?
bad. Because believing in yourself can be harder than you When those around you notice your strengths and talents,
might think. Easy to say, but not so easy to do. Everyone it can give your conﬁdence a boost – but only if you believe
struggles to feel secure in themself at some point what they’ve said is actually true. Is that voice inside you
(in fact, many times) over their lifetimes. It’s simply part friendly, encouraging you to accept it when someone says
of being human. something nice about you? Or is it harsh and mean, making
you doubt what they say? If so, then that’s the opposite of
Why it matters believing in yourself.
If you believe that you are capable of whatever life
throws at you, you feel more ready for life’s experiences. Learning to believe
You know you can rely on your strengths and abilities to The best way to nurture the belief that you can do it, is
handle everyday challenges, and you are likely to embrace through using the abilities that you have, learning and
opportunities rather than shy away from them. And even practising and, importantly, trying again when things don’t
when things don’t go as planned, your belief in yourself can work out. The more you do, the more you’ll discover and see
help you to try again. When you’re faced with a task that what you’re truly capable of. When you focus on what you
you ﬁnd difficult, you think ‘I can’, or ‘With practice I can’, can do, you start to take in pride in your achievements, and
rather than ‘I can’t’. then your belief becomes even stronger.

12
There are some other things you
can do to boost your self-belief

Choose friends wisely

1 Surround yourself with people who make you feel
good about yourself. A lot of how you see yourself
is based on how you think other people see you. Don’t waste
your time with people who aren’t positive, and don’t get too
bogged down by approval and reactions on social media.

Don’t compare yourself

2 to others
Everyone has their own strengths and
weaknesses, and yours will be diﬀerent to your friends’.
Embrace everything about yourself, quirks and all, and you
won’t be wishing you were more like somebody else.

Take some risks

Be kind to yourself 4 Give new things a go, say yes when opportunities
3 When your inner voice is mean or negative, stop come up, try out for a team, raise your hand in
and say something positive instead. If it says, class more often, say what you really think (as long as it won’t
‘I can’t’, say ‘I can’. If it says, ‘I’ll never be able to do it,’ say, hurt someone’s feelings!).
‘With some hard work I can learn how to do this.’

Be true to yourself
5 Only you know you. Feel conﬁdent in your
actions and don’t worry that you need to act a
certain way to ﬁt in with others. Don’t be embarrassed about
wanting to do your best and never feel foolish for trying.
Let others see you for who you are – mistakes, insecurities,
the lot. When you don’t feel you have to hide something you
can’t do well, suddenly it doesn’t seem as important.
PHOTOS: SHUTTERSTOCK.COM

And remember...
6 It takes courage to be the real you. The more
honest you are about who you are, to yourself and
to others, the more you will believe in yourself. It takes time to
build self-belief, but keep at it and who knows? One day others
could be reading about you in a magazine like this one.

13
AGATHA
CHRISTIE
The queen of crime and the
biggest-selling novelist of all time

NATIONALITY: BRITISH (1890-1976)

Who: An author who wrote over 80 detective novels and A prolific writer
short stories, keeping readers on their toes until the very Agatha Christie was born in 1890 in Torquay, England, to a
last page, book after book. middle-class family. She was home-schooled until the age of
Why she inspires us: More than 40 years after her death, 11 and had taught herself to read by the age of five, despite
she is still one of the most influential crime novelists little encouragement from her mother. Agatha became an
in history, with movies, TV adaptations and plays in avid reader, enjoying fantasy plays. She also wrote poetry,
constant production. showing signs of a creative mind and vivid imagination at a
young age. It is thought that it wasn’t until her sister dared
Not only was she cunning and original, Agatha was a master her to write a ‘good detective story’ that Agatha considered
plotter and an unparalleled genius. Her books are crafted like writing as a profession. At the time, she was working as a
puzzles, usually surrounding family squabbles and secrets that pharmaceutical dispenser during World War One, and so had
detectives piece together, with smart plots always leading gained a valuable knowledge of poisons. Her debut novel,
to mounting tension and unexpected twists. Her ability to The Mysterious Affair at Styles, was published in 1920. From
misdirect the reader is exceptional and one (almost) never
guesses the culprit. Her stories were so revolutionary at the
time that she ended up redefining the detective fiction genre.

AGATHA CHRISTIE
IN NUMBERS
• Her books have been translated into more
than 100 languages.
• 2,000,000,000 copies of her novels have
been sold to date.
• She created two famous detectives: Hercule
Poirot (appearing in 33 novels) and Miss
Marple (12 novels).
• The Mousetrap opened in London’s West End
66 years ago and is now the world’s longest-
running play.

14
CAN YOU SOLVE IT?
Could you be a detective like Hercule Poirot
or Miss Marple? Have a go at solving these
mystery brain teasers...

MYSTERY 1
A detective who was mere days from
cracking an international smuggling ring has suddenly
gone missing. While inspecting his
last known location, you ﬁnd a note:
710 57735 34 5508 51 7718

Currently there are three suspects: Bill, Christine and

Jo. Can you break the detective’s code and ﬁnd the
criminal’s name?

MYSTERY 2
Jonathan tells Catherine, ‘This isn’t the £5 note you
then on, she became a proliﬁc writer, releasing one or two left on the table. I found it between pages 15 and 16
books a year until her death in 1976. She was known to start of Harry Potter.’
quite a few books at the same time, and once completed an
entire story in a weekend. Catherine replies, ‘You’re lying and I can prove it.’
How did Catherine know?
WORDS: ANNE GUILLOT. ILLUSTRATION: MATT CHINWORTH. PHOTOS: (TOP LEFT) ALAMY.COM, (LEFT AND ABOVE) GETTY.COM

The greatest mystery of all

Agatha’s biggest mystery, however,
wever, was not a fiction of SEE PAGE 80 FOR ANSWERS
her imagination, but her own disappearance in 1926. The
onal news and concerns for her
intriguing event became national
lice found clues suggesting she
safety increased when the police
bly murdered. A massive search
had been kidnapped or possibly
party was organised – notablyy with the help of Sir Arthur
Conan Doyle, creator of the famous detective Sherlock
Holmes – and she was finally found 11 days later, resting at a
spa resort in Harrogate.
While some were convinced d it was a publicity stunt
gatha claimed she
to promote her new book, Agatha
though a
suffered from memory loss, although
more plausible theory points to her
thful
plotting revenge on her unfaithful
husband. Nobody really knowsws since
she refused to discuss the affair
dia
afterwards. The resulting media
ation,
frenzy fuelled endless speculation,
unt
including a fictionalised account
of what may really have
happened in the 1979 movie
Agatha. Some mysteries are there
here to
hers
be read and enjoyed – and others
to remain secret.
JANE
GOODALL
The leading primatologist
on wild chimpanzees
NATIONALITY: BRITISH (1934-PRESENT)

Who: The world’s foremost expert on chimpanzees.

Why she inspires us: Her trailblazing work on conservation.

Londoner Jane was born on April 3, 1934 to businessman

Mortimer Morris-Goodall and novelist Margaret Joseph.
As a child she was given a chimpanzee cuddly toy she
named Jubilee, which she credits with beginning her love
of animals. ‘My mother’s friends were horriﬁed, thinking
it would give me nightmares,’ she said. Jubilee sits proudly
on her dresser today.
Only ﬁve when World War Two started, she immersed
herself in dreams of Africa. ‘I wanted to live with wild animals
and write books about them. But people would say, “How
can you do that? Africa is far away. You don’t have any money
in your family. You’re just a girl.”’

WORDS: KIM SMITH. ABOVE: THE JANE GOODALL INSTITUTE – HUGO VAN LAWICK.
Animal magic OPPOSITE: MICHAEL NEUGEBAUER. ILLUSTRATION: MATT CHINWORTH
In 1957, after Jane ﬁnished school and
completed a secretarial course, she was
invited to visit a childhood friend at a farm
in the Kenyan highlands. It was to change her
life. It was suggested that, as she was passionate about
animals, she should approach a notable anthropologist and
palaeontologist, Dr Louis Leakey, at the museum he curated
DID YOU KNOW? in Nairobi. ‘It was quite scary because he was a very irascible
The late Michael Jackson, who also loved kind of person. I said, “I’d love to come and talk to you about
chimpanzees, was so inspired by Jane that he animals” – a bit pathetic – but he agreed to meet me.’ After
wrote the hit song Heal the World about her. that meeting, Dr Leakey hired her as a secretary and soon
Jane was oﬀ to take part in a dig at a site rich in the fossilised
remains of the ancestors of humans.

16
Walk on the wild side
Dr Leakey believed that an intensive study of
primates would yield important evolutionary
information and needed someone who could
cope with being isolated in the wild to report on
chimpanzees. Jane could not believe her luck, but
faced objection from academics as she had no
formal scientific education (she was later awarded
a PhD from Cambridge University). Nevertheless,
in 1960 her new boss sent her to Tanzania to carry
out the study and later revealed that he chose
her as he wanted somebody whose mind was
‘unfettered by the reductionist scientific theory
of the time’.
Initially the chimps ran away from her, but after
mimicking their behaviour and offering them
bananas, they accepted her presence. Jane
discovered that chimps had distinct personalities,
just like humans, would comfort each other, were
not exclusively vegetarian, fashioned their own
tools and even had a social caste system. Not
surprisingly, the first people to be interested in her
research were psychologists rather than biologists
and zoologists. In 1965, a global audience heard of
her trail-blazing work through a documentary
narrated by legendary actor Orson Welles. Called
Miss Goodall and the Wild Chimpanzees, it proved
to be the first of more than 40 films about her, the
latest of which, simply called Jane, premiered in
Hollywood in 2017.

‘What you do makes a difference, and you have to

decide what kind of difference you want to make’

Still campaigning
Now aged 84, Jane’s pioneering work is a long way from
ending. The Dame of the British Empire still writes books and
gives sold-out lectures. The inspiring primatologist has spent
six decades educating the world about the importance of
preserving the wild chimpanzees’ environment, campaigning
against their treatment in unethical scientiﬁc research and
encouraging African nations to develop nature-friendly
tourism programmes. Her greatest legacy will, no doubt, be
the Jane Goodall Institute for wildlife research, which has
more than 20 offices across the planet. It teaches children
about environmentalism in almost 100 countries.

17
MARIE CURIE
The double Nobel prize-winning
physicist and chemist

NATIONALITY: POLISH (1867-1934)

Who: The first woman to win a Nobel prize, and the Prize work
first person to receive two of them. The Curies converted a shed to carry out work investigating
Why she inspires us: Her pioneering research on radioactivity and discovered two new elements, polonium and
radioactivity changed the course of science. radium. This led to the couple, along with French physicist
Henri Becquerel, receiving the Nobel prize for Physics in 1903.
Originally Marie was excluded from winning, again because she
First step on the ladder was a woman. Outraged Pierre successfully argued her case
Born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, Maria Salomea Sklodowska and she was eventually recognised, becoming the first female
was the fifth child of two respected teachers. At the time, the to receive such an accolade.
country was under the control of the Russian Empire and her Tragically, Pierre was killed in a road accident three years
family had lost much of their money by becoming involved in later, leaving a dedicated Marie to continue their research
patriotic uprisings aimed at restoring Poland’s independence. alone. She received a second Nobel prize, this time for
This meant the children faced an uphill struggle to get on in chemistry in 1911, and remains the only person ever to
life. The Russians barred laboratory instruction from school receive two Nobel prizes in different sciences.
curriculums, so Marie’s father brought equipment home to
help with his children’s private tuition. Exposure
In the late 19th century, higher education was limited to The damaging effects of unprotected exposure to radiation
just boys, so Marie and her elder sister Bronislawa enrolled were unknown when Marie and Pierre carried out their
in a clandestine underground university. When Bronislawa research. And in 1934, Marie died from the bone marrow
decided to continue her education in France, Marie worked as disease, aplastic anaemia, believed to have been contracted
a governess to help pay her sister’s fees. In 1891, Marie joined from her work. It is said she would often carry test tubes
her. She enrolled at the University of Paris and, in 1893, was containing radioactive isotopes in her pocket. When she
awarded the first of her two science degrees. passed away, Marie had to be buried in a lead coffin. Her
A year later Marie met the man who would become her papers from the 1890s are still considered too dangerous to

WORDS: KIM SMITH. ILLUSTRATIONS: MATT CHINWORTH. PHOTO: GETTY.COM

research partner and husband, Pierre Curie. They bonded over handle and are kept in lead-lined boxes.
their love of science and, far more down to earth, bike rides. Few people have contributed more to the general welfare
When Pierre proposed Marie initially turned him down as she of mankind and to the advancement of science than the
hoped to return to Poland. Devastated to be denied a place at modest Marie. Her research was crucial in the development
Warsaw University on the grounds of being a woman, she was of X-rays and radiotherapy, prolonging and saving the lives of
persuaded to return to Paris and they wed on July 25, 1895. millions of people suﬀering from cancer.

‘Nothing in life is to be feared;

it is only to be understood’
18
MY PASSION & PERSEVERANCE INTERVIEW
Marie Curie grew up at a time when women had no right to higher education, but she
persevered until she achieved her goal because science was her passion. Has anyone you know
had to struggle to achieve something? Learning from others can be inspiring. Ask a friend or
relative if you can interview them about their goals and passions.

NAME OF PERSON I’M INTERVIEWING

Q1 What is the biggest goal you’ve set that you were able to achieve?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Q2 What did you have to do to accomplish that goal?

Q3 Did you ever feel like giving up? If so, how did you overcome that?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Q4 How did you feel when you reached your goal?

19
Top 5 fearless
FEMALE ADVENTURERS

1
German CAROLINE HERSCHEL’s mother believed she was destined to be a housekeeper after
suffering from typhus as a child, but she was given the opportunity to follow her brother to England
where she studied music and became a well-regarded soprano singer. Not long after she took on her
sibling’s passion for astronomy and assisted him in his discovery of the planet Uranus in the late 18th
century. For this she received an official qualification – long before women were allowed to obtain
university degrees – and became the first woman to be paid for her scientific work. This enabled her to
devote herself to cataloguing stars and she specialised in the search for comets. She went on to discover
eight in total (with six named after her), becoming an accomplished astronomer in her own right.

2
VALENTINA TERESHKOVA, like Caroline Herschel, has a crater on the moon
bearing her name – and for good reason: she was the first woman to fly
into space. The Russian factory worker was recruited by the Soviet’s
Cosmonaut Corps a couple of years after her compatriot Yuri Gagarin
made his space flight. She and five others were chosen out of more
than 400 applicants (the only qualifications were that they had
to be parachutists, and of a certain age, height and weight) and
trained intensively for several months. On June 16, 1963 Vostok 6
was launched and Valentina became the first female cosmonaut.
The ‘space race’ between Russia and the United States meant that
the flight was kept secret beforehand, so much so that her own family
only heard about it on the radio. A national hero – and an unlikely one
due to her young age and modest background – she inspired a generation.
Forever fearless, Valentina, now in her 80s, has even volunteered to go on a
one-way trip to Mars if the opportunity arises...

3
While Valentina spent almost three days in space, KRYSTYNA CHOJNOWSKA-LISKIEWICZ’s sea
voyage lasted 401. Also known as the ‘First Lady of the Oceans’, this Polish sea captain became the first
woman to sail solo around the world between 1976 and 1978. She always loved the ocean, first sailing
as a teenager, then going on to study naval architecture and finally buying a yacht with her husband.
He helped build the boat for her incredible journey, on which she faced ravaging storms, a serious illness
and fierce competition – another courageous lady from New Zealand went for the same record and
completed her own single-handed circumnavigation less than two months after Krystyna. Interestingly,
the first woman to sail around the world was French Jeanne Baret two centuries before, who did it
disguised as a man, as women weren’t allowed on navy ships.

4
JUNKO TABEI was the ﬁrst woman to conquer the world's highest mountain in 1975. Before
heading to Nepal, she climbed each of her native Japan’s highest mountains and married a renowned
mountaineer who supported her when she gave up work to found a mountaineering club for women.
Her team completed a number of challenging ascents before attempting to climb the notorious Mount
Everest. Despite facing difficulties with sponsorship and an avalanche that almost killed them, she made
it to the top and into the history books. In 1992 she went on to become the ﬁrst woman to climb the
‘Seven Summits’, the highest peaks on each of the seven continents.

20
5 NELLIE BLY
The American journalist and
risk-taker who travelled around
the world in less than 80 days
NATIONALITY: AMERICAN (1864-1922)

Inspired by Jules Verne’s bestseller Around the World in

80 Days, American journalist Nellie Bly set her heart on
beating Phileas Fogg’s fictional globetrotting record. DID YOU KNOW?
By the time she set out, Nellie had already earned a Nellie got her start in journalism after writing
daring reputation as an advocate for social change: a feisty response to an article in her local paper
female reporters in the 19th century were restricted to that argued women should confine themselves
‘soft’ subjects, but Nellie insisted on writing stories that to domestic chores. Her letter caught the eye of
mattered to her, notably about women’s rights and the the paper’s editor, who hired her as a columnist.
condition of the poor.
A pioneer of investigative journalism, she even feigned
insanity to infiltrate an asylum and expose the poor
treatment received by patients there. Her report was
compiled into a book, Ten Days in a Mad House, and led
to lasting institutional reforms. This bold act made her
one of the most famous journalists in the United States.
When her boss told her ‘no one but a man’ could make
the 80-day trip, Nellie grew even more determined.
She convinced him and the New York World newspaper
to finance it, and set out in 1889 unchaperoned –
WORDS: ANNE GUILLOT. PHOTOS: (LEFT AND TOP): SHUTTERSTOCK.COM. RIGHT: ALAMY.COM

something inconceivable for a woman in those days.

Even though the race was on to beat the 80 days target,
she made time to pay author Jules Verne a visit as she
passed through France.
She kept newspaper readers entertained with
reports of her progress sent by telegraph, and ﬁnally
covered 25,000 miles in 72 days, a real world record.
Unbeknownst to her, Cosmopolitan magazine
had sent another female reporter in the opposite
direction to out-race her, but Nellie won by four days,
instantaneously becoming an international celebrity.
At 30 Nellie married millionaire Robert Seamen and
retired from journalism. Her husband died in 1903
leaving her in control of a manufacturing company,
and Nellie went on to patent several oil-related
inventions, many of which are still used today. During
World War I she returned to journalism, continuing to
shine a spotlight on issues that aﬀected women.

21
AMELIA EARHART
The ﬁrst female aviator to ﬂy solo across the Atlantic Ocean
NATIONALITY: AMERICAN (1897-1939)

‘Adventure is
worthwhile in itself ’
22
Who: The ﬁrst woman to ﬂy solo across the Atlantic.
Why she inspires us: Her daring and bravery broke
down barriers against the progression of women.

Amelia Earhart was an adventurous child who loved

to climb trees and hunt rodents with a rifle alongside
her younger sister, Grace. Her first brush with flight
was inspired by a rollercoaster she had seen at a
fair – she fashioned a ramp out of a broken box and
attached it to the roof of a shed. She bruised her lip
but told her sister that it was ‘just like flying’.
Born the daughter of a lawyer in Atchison, Kansas,
Amelia was of German descent. She was home
schooled until she was 12, spending her spare time
making a scrapbook about successful women. In
1917, with World War One raging, she volunteered
to nurse wounded soldiers. A year later, when a
global flu pandemic struck she became a patient
herself – her resulting sinus condition caused her
great pain during her later daredevil flights.

Air show Making history

At the end of the war, Amelia watched a flying show staged After American aviator Charles Lindbergh flew solo across the
by a fighter pilot. He spotted her standing with a friend in the Atlantic in 1927, the search was on for someone to beat his
crowd and decided to give the pair a scare by diving at them. time. Amelia joined a flight, but only to keep a log. Interviewed
The friend scampered, but Amelia stood her ground. ‘I did not after landing in south Wales, she said: ‘I was just baggage, like
understand it at the time,’ she said, ‘but I believe that little red a sack of potatoes… maybe someday I’ll try it alone.’ The bit
airplane said something to me as it swished past.’ was between her teeth. Teaming up with publicist George P
In 1920, Amelia took to the air for the first time, going up Putnam, whom she later married, she was soon known in the
with an air racer. It changed her life. ‘By the time I got to press as the Queen of the Air. She set a record for becoming
around 200 or 300 feet off the ground, I knew I had to fly,’ she the first woman to fly solo across the North American
exclaimed. In 1921, she took lessons from a pioneer female continent and back. Eventually, the day she had been waiting
aviator. Six months on, she bought a second-hand bright for dawned – May 20, 1932. The 34-year-old took off from
yellow biplane she nicknamed The Canary, and just a year Newfoundland, Canada, and after a flight lasting 14 hours and
later broke her first flying record by taking it up to 14,000ft. 56 minutes, she landed in Northern Ireland. Her legend was
secured, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.

Round-the-world trip
Between 1930 and 1935, Amelia set another seven women’s
speed and distance records. By 1937, she had her eyes
on a bigger prize, the circumnavigation of the globe. It
would not be the ﬁrst, but the longest, as it followed the
equator, altogether 29,000 miles. Her ﬁrst attempt had to
be abandoned when her plane was damaged. The second
WORDS: KIM SMITH. PHOTOS: SHUTTERSTOCK.COM

attempt began in Miami, Florida, from where she took oﬀ

with navigator Fred Noonan on June 1. By the end of the
month, they had reached New Guinea and completed around
22,000 miles. The remainder would be over the Paciﬁc. Their
last known position was 800 miles into the ﬂight, above the
Nukumanu Islands. Shortly after, the plane disappeared. An
air and sea search were launched, but no trace was found.
Eventually, Amelia and Noonan were declared legally dead
on January 5, 1939. Despite several theories, no conclusive
reason for their fate has ever been established.

23
‘Women, like men, should try
DID YOU KNOW?
to do the impossible. And when In 2014, another American woman named Amelia

they fail, their failure should be Earhart – yes, that’s her real name – became the
ﬁrst woman to ﬂy around the world in a single-

a challenge to others’ engine plane. Named Amelia by her parents

because they wanted to give her ‘a name that was
filled with inspiration, adventure and tenacity’, as
a teenager she resented the expectations that she
felt this put upon her. But later she came to feel
that her name was ‘the best gift that my parents
could have ever given me’. She took her first flying
lessons at 21 and in 2013 started the Fly With
Amelia Foundation in the US, which awards flying
scholarships to girls aged 16 to 18.

RS
AMELIA EARHA RT, SURROU NDED BY A CROWD OF ADMIRE
FIRST WOMAN TO COMPLETE
IN LONDON. SHE WAS CHEERED AS THE
A SOLO FLIGHT ACROSS THE ATLANT IC ON MAY 20-21, 1932

24
UP, UP AND AWAY
With more people able to travel worldwide than ever before thanks to low fares, airlines
desperately need pilots. Men still dominate the industry, but there are a growing number
of young women who are doing their best to challenge gender stereotypes and inspire
girls to join the profession

One of these is Kate McWilliams, who became one of L3 Airline Academy. ‘Many people are surprised to
the world’s youngest commercial airline captains at hear that you don’t need a degree to start flight
just 26. Kate, who grew up in Carlisle in the north of training,’ she says. ‘The current requirements to apply
England, says her love of aviation began when she for L3 Airline Academy include 5 GCSEs grade C or
was eight and on holiday with her family. She visited above, to be fluent in verbal and written English, and
the flight deck to see the pilots during the flight and to pass a medical examination. Obtaining at least two
was ‘fascinated by all of the buttons’. But a lack of A-levels prior to applying can open up your options for
female pilot role models almost put her off: ‘Both the different airline training courses.’
pilots were men about my dad’s age, so from that I Now 28, Kate is a captain flying Airbus A320s and
just assumed that there were no female pilots and has been with easyJet for seven years. Her usual
I didn’t consider it as a career.’ That all changed when routine is to work five days in a row, followed by
Kate was 13 and joined the Air Cadets, the youth wing four days off. ‘Every week is different,’ she says. ‘It
of the Royal Air Force. ‘It was here that I discovered depends on the length of the flight. There are some
my love of flying,’ she says. very early mornings. Setting my alarm for 3.30am is a
After finishing her A-levels, she applied to a flying real chore but once I get to the “office” it definitely
school called CTC Aviation, now known as the doesn’t feel like work!’

LEARNING TO FLY
Have you been put oﬀ a career because you thought not many women do it, just like Kate was?
Write a list of careers you think you might enjoy and see if you can come up with ways to try them out...

CAREER HOW CAN I EXPLORE IT?

Join a group like the Air Cadets or visit your local

Airline pilot
flying club and ask to be taken up in a plane
VIOLETTE
SZABO
World War Two’s brave secret agent

NATIONALITY: DUAL FRENCH/BRITISH (1921-1945)

Who: The World War Two heroine who was a secret agent August, and in 1942 Violette gave birth to their daughter Tania.
in occupied France. Sadly the baby was only three months old when Etienne was
Why she inspires us: One of the bravest women in history. mortally wounded fighting in the African desert, and Violette
took the fateful decision to avenge her husband’s death.
The daughter of an Englishman and a French dressmaker,
Violette was born in Paris but moved to England with her Top secret
parents when she was 12. Although only 5ft tall, she was In 1943, Violette attended what she believed was a
athletic and excelled at sports, no doubt spurred on by war pension meeting to compensate her for the loss of
competing with her four brothers. She was also taught to Etienne. In fact, because of her fluent French and sporty
shoot by her dad. Thanks to her background she was called physique, she was vetted for recruitment to a newly
Froggy at school, but never let bullies get the upper hand. created, top-secret network of agents being trained to
Leaving school at 14, Violette worked as a shop assistant spy on and disrupt the Germans in occupied territories.
but found the job dull. When war was declared on She was introduced to, and quickly impressed, her
September 3, 1939, she was unconcerned as, initially, life on commanding officer, another half-Brit with Parisian links,
the home front stayed much the same. However, in 1940, Vera Atkins. Vera had responsibility for 37 women agents
when the land of her birth was invaded by the Nazis, Violette and under her guidance, Violette learned how to use
felt she should do something for the war effort and joined a radio, parachute, hone her weapons skills and, most
the Land Army – volunteers who literally dug for victory by importantly, how to survive by subterfuge.
growing vegetables and picking fruit to feed the nation. Later Violette was popular with the other recruits for her
that year she met her future husband, French Foreign Legion courage and impish sense of humour. On her first mission
officer Etienne Szabo. After a whirlwind romance, they wed in to Rouen, she was able to report on the arrest of 100
Resistance members and supply details of factories
producing materials for the Germans, making them targets
for bombing raids. She returned home unscathed via Paris,
even managing to fit in a shopping trip, buying a dress for
DID YOU KNOW? her beloved daughter.
Violette became only the second woman
to be awarded the George Cross, the UK’s The fatal mission
highest civilian award for valour. Her daughter On June 8, 1944, two days after D-Day,
Tania, although only five years old, received Violette again parachuted into France
the posthumous honour from King George VI. to help with the Allied advance from
She was also awarded the Croix de Guerre by Normandy by sabotaging enemy lines
the French government in 1947, along with la of communication. Within days, though,
Médaille de la Résistance in 1973. Violette and she was captured at a German roadblock.
Etienne are the most decorated married couple Having an injured ankle, she provided
of World War Two. machine-gun cover for her two
companions to escape and put up a
fierce fight. The officer in charge of

26
the roadblock described her as the bravest woman he around her, even hatching a plan to escape.
had ever seen. Sadly, in January 1945, Violette and two other Special
Violette was soon in the hands of the ruthless Operations Executive agents were executed. After the war
Schutzstaffel, the SS, who interrogated and tortured her ended, Vera Atkins travelled to France and Germany to
for four days. Despite her treatment, she refused to reveal discover the fate of her missing agents and was finally able
her real name and mission. Violette was transferred to the to tell Violette’s family what had happened.
notorious Ravensbruck prisoner-of-war camp, 50 miles north Many have questioned why Violette, the mother of a
of Berlin. She was detained in filthy barracks, fed on thin young child, was sent into the danger zone. But the sacrifice
soup and forced to carry out hard labour. Still she refused she and others made has allowed other mothers to raise
to kowtow to her captors and kept up the morale of those their children in peace.

ARE YOU BRAVE?

Violette Szabo was awarded the George Cross for her bravery during World War Two.
But what does bravery really mean? Sometimes, one of the biggest acts of bravery can be
to show others your true emotions, admitting your weaknesses and being prepared to
let others see your real self.

What does bravery mean to you?

What are your worries and fears?

When was the last time you did something brave?

27
BILLIE JEAN KING
The champion tennisis player
who crusaded for women’s
equality in sports

NATIONALITY: AMERICAN
(1943-PRESENT)

Who: US tennis star Billie Jean King was one of the Tennis talent
greatest tennis players of all time. Billie Jean King was born in California in 1943 to Betty and Bill
Why she inspires us: One of the first women to campaign Moffitt, an engineer for the local fire department. Her talent
for equality for men and women in sport, leading the way for tennis emerged as a star player on the free public courts
for the likes of Serena Williams to be so successful today. of Long Beach. When she was just 12, she says she had an
epiphany as she wondered why everyone in tennis was white,
wore white clothes and played with white balls. Everyone
seemed the same.
Billie Jean became an ace on the court and after achieving
success across the world, she decided to quit California State
University before graduation in 1964 to focus on tennis full
time. Over the next few years she became one of the best
players ever to grace a court – and she used her platform to
campaign for gender equality.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a time when the
women’s game was seen as a sideshow to the men’s, she
fought for it to be given equal recognition and pay. She
headed up the first professional women’s tennis tour in
1970 – the Virginia Slims Series – to rival the US Lawn Tennis
Association which didn’t offer equal prize money to men and
women, and she also fought for laws that ensured women
and girls were given equal opportunities in education and
sport. These changes enabled women to finally make a living
as professional athletes.

‘Reputation is what others

think about you. What’s far
more important is character,
because that is what you
think about yourself ’
ACE WORK
The Williams sisters are just two of today’s star
tennis players who say they owe a debt to Billie
Jean. ‘Without Billie Jean, I don’t know if any of
us female athletes would be here,’ said Serena.
Her sister Venus added: ‘We love her. She has a
tremendous history, not just in women’s tennis,
but in leading rights for people, in general, no
matter who they were. Billie could be at the
point in her life now where she could say, “Hey,
I'm going to sit back and enjoy my life.” But she’s
still working hard for others. And that’s a prime
example for every single person.’

DID YOU KNOW?

• The shortest tennis match took place
almost 100 years ago in 1922 during the
Wimbledon Final between Suzanne Lenglen
and Molla Mallory. Lenglen beat Mallory in just
23 minutes.
• Tennis players are renowned for their bizarre
superstitions. US Grand Slam superstar
Serena Williams admits that when she’s on a
Battle of the sexes
winning streak she will wear the same socks
Three months after Billie Jean founded the Women’s Tennis
throughout – without washing them. And
Association in 1973, an aging sexist player, Bobby Riggs,
that’s not all – she always ties her shoelaces
who had been a top player in the 1940s, challenged her to a
the exact same way and bounces the ball ﬁve
match, claiming the women’s game was so inferior to men’s
times before her ﬁrst serve.
that even at 55 he could beat the top players of the day.
WORDS: DONNA FINDLAY. ILLUSTRATIONS: MATT CHINWORTH. PHOTO: ALAMY.COM

Billie Jean, still at the top of her game, accepted a lucrative • Every year, roughly 28,000kg of strawberries
deal to play him in a match dubbed the Battle of the Sexes are eaten at Wimbledon.
in Houston, Texas, watched by 90 million people all over • German player Sabine Lisicki holds the record
the world. King, who was 29 at the time, beat Riggs 6-4, for the fastest serve ever recorded on the
6-3, 6-3. WTA Tour, a whopping 131mph.
‘I thought it would set us back 50 years if I didn’t win that • In 2007, the prize money for Wimbledon
match. It would ruin the women’s [tennis] tour and affect all winners finally became equal for men
women’s self-esteem,’ she said. ‘To beat a 55-year-old guy and women.
was no thrill for me. The thrill was exposing a lot of new
people to tennis.’
• Some people say the term ‘Love’ is said to
have originated from the French word for
After the match, things changed. That year, the US Open
egg, l’oeuf, because a zero on a scoreboard
became the first tournament to offer equal prize money
resembles an egg.
and Billie Jean had proved women weren’t the weaker sex.
The match and Billie Jean’s impact was the subject of 2017 • During the early years of Wimbledon, women
film Battle of the Sexes. She retired from the game in 1983 had to wear full-length dresses to play in.
after winning 39 major singles, doubles and mixed-double
championships, including a record 20 at Wimbledon.

29
Extract from Women in Sport by Rachel Ignotofsky.
Published by Hachette Children’s Group, £12.99, hachettechildrens.co.uk. ISBN – 9781526360922

30
3 0
NADIA
COMĂNECI
First gymnast in history to be
awarded a score of a perfect 10
NATIONALITY: DUAL CITIZEN ROM ANIA AND THE USA
(1961-PRESENT)

Who: The Romanian gymnast who scored the first perfect as a ‘Hero of Socialist Labour’. She defended her European
10 in Olympic history. Championship title in 1977 and won two gold and two silver
Why she inspires us: Her incredible determination medals in the 1980 Moscow Olympics.
popularised gymnastics and inspired generations to come. Although Nadia was a celebrity, her treatment in Romania
was anything but glamorous. In 1981, her coach Béla Károlyi
Nadia Comăneci’s performance at the 1976 Olympics defected to the United States. The government, afraid that
epitomised flawlessness. With grace and ease, the 14-year- Nadia would do the same, restricted her travel. Nadia said, ‘I
old swung through her uneven bars routine and earned a started to feel like a prisoner. In reality, I’d always been one.’
perfect score of 10.0. This achievement was assumed to She retired from gymnastics in 1984, and in 1989 escaped
be so unattainable that the Olympic scoreboards were not from Romania by walking through the forest into Hungary.
even equipped to display it. Nadia gave six more perfect She made her way to New York, where she was given asylum.
performances, and with seven scores of 10.0, she made Today her academy trains future generations of gymnasts.
Olympic history.
Nadia was born in 1961 in Romania, then a Soviet-
influenced state where national pride was big business for the
government. Her gymnastic training started at age six, with
all her coaching paid for by Romania. At a boarding school run
by her famed coach, Béla Károlyi, the training was intense,
but by age 13 she was ready to compete internationally.
In 1975, she was the youngest person ever to compete at
the ‘Champions All’ tournament. That year she earned four
gold and one silver medal at the European Championships.
In 1976, she showed the world gymnastic perfection at the
Olympics, winning gold in the uneven bars, balance beam and
individual all-around. She also won a silver in the team all-
around and a bronze on the floor. Nadia returned to Romania

‘Everybody was surprised to see a 14-year-old being able

PHOTOS: ALAMY.COM

to do the level of gymnastics that I did, but even I didn't

know that I was extraordinary at the time’
31
Live your
Dream
If anything were possible, what would you choose to do with your life? If you’d asked the
women in this magazine that question when they were younger, some would have answered
easily, others would have felt bewildered. How can you decide what you want to do for the
rest of your life, when you’re not even sure what you’ll want to do next week?

People are always saying ‘find your passion’, ‘follow your to do some research – if you want to be a singer, try
dream’, the only problem is they don’t explain how you’re shadowing a voice coach to see what the person’s life is like
supposed to do it. Luckily, the first step to discovering your or read biographies of your favourite singers. Then you can
dreams and making them a reality is not to worry too much experiment for yourself – join a local singing group, or take
about it. Yes, it’s important to find and engage in things that part in musical theatre over the summer. This may make you
make you feel happy, but it’s equally important to realise it’s realise it isn’t what you want after all, and that’s okay, you can
all an adventure, you’re learning and growing as you go, simply try something else.
and working out what you want to do will not happen Sometimes a collection of things that you’re just average
overnight. It’s about trying new things, learning from your at can join together to deliver your dream. Say, for example,
experiences and hopefully figuring out what makes you tick you’re okay at art, and you’re also quite funny. You may not
along the way. be good enough to become the next Van Gogh, and you don’t
PHOTOS: SHUTTERSTOCK.COM

Thinking about your likes and dislikes, your strengths and like performing on stage so being a comedian is out. But you
weaknesses can be a good place to start, but remember you could be a brilliant cartoonist. Steve Jobs, the co-founder
probably won’t discover these things by thought alone. You of Apple, wasn’t the world’s greatest designer, salesperson,
need to open yourself up to noticing things you enjoy doing, businessman or engineer, but because he was quite good at
and try not to be afraid of getting things wrong. You don’t all of these things, he wove them together in a unique way to
need to be amazing at something to love doing it. It’s good become one of the world’s greatest entrepreneurs.

32
33
LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AND HAVE
A GO AT WRITING YOUR ANSWERS BELOW…
Reading and learning more about things that interest you can help you to discover what you want to do.
What do you enjoy doing?
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Engaging in activities that are related to your interests can develop your skills and talents.
What would you like to experience?
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Thinking about people and things that inspire you can help you to see your dreams more clearly.
Find pictures of them in magazines or on the internet, cut them out and stick them here and on the
scrapbook pages at the back of this magazine.

34
YOUR BEST INTERESTS
The key to identifying your dreams is noticing what you love doing and why. Start to discover yours here...

Can you think of ﬁve times in your life you enjoyed doing something and felt you did it well?
Write each one below.

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................

3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................

4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................

5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................................................................................................................................................. .........................

Now look at each one and ask yourself: what did I enjoy about it? What did I do best? Why did I do it? In what ways
was I interacting with other people? Write your answers next to each of your ﬁve experiences.

Take your answers and show them to someone who knows you well – this could be a parent, a family member,
a sibling or a close friend. Look together at the answers and see if you can see any patterns emerging.
Remember that over time, the picture of your abilities and interests will become clearer. And the journey to
discovering your dream is just as important. So what’s stopping you? Get out there and try something new.

35
Top 5 inspiring
WOMEN UNDER 30

1
Can you imagine climbing a wall using just one arm? SIANAGH GALLAGHER can, and she does it
effortlessly. Born 10 weeks premature, Sianagh wasn’t given much chance of survival. Not only did she
have many health complications, an arm and shoulder blade were missing. But she was a fighter and
Sianagh grew up to be like any other little girl. When she had the opportunity to undertake a climbing
course at school at the age of 10, this was her chance to strive for more. Sianagh hasn’t stopped
climbing since. She won the first UK climbing competition for the disabled aged 13, then joined Team
GB’s paraclimbing team at 16 and came third in the World Championships three years later. Along the
way, she has developed her own climbing style, executing her unique moves with an amazing grace.
Always one to challenge herself, Sianagh also enjoys kayaking, surfing and skateboarding. Some may
consider disabilities a limitation, but Sianagh has found inspiration in them.

2
Another young girl whose mission is to change people’s perception of disability is Australian EMILY
PRIOR. Over the years, the fashion industry has slowly become more diverse, and is finally beginning to
reflect different sizes, ages, ethnicities and genders. However, models with disabilities are still few and
far between. Emily, who has cerebral palsy, noticed the lack of disabled people in fashion catalogues
and just like that, decided to challenge the modelling industry – aged eight. She signed up with a model
agency a couple of months later and embarked on a quest to raise awareness and inspire others with
disabilities. Today, she is an ambassador for children with cerebral palsy and is proud of her condition
– but she also wants people to see beyond their differences. Yes, her disability may have helped shape
who she is, but it doesn’t define her.

3
This teenager proves that nobody is too young to build a multi-million-dollar empire. MIKAILA
ULMER, CEO and founder of Me & the Bees Lemonade, won a major business deal on American
TV when she was only nine. What started as a lemonade stand when she was four has grown
into a successful brand that is now distributed throughout the US. But more than being a savvy
‘businesswoman’, Mikaila is a social entrepreneur, hoping to save honey bees by selling a lemonade
based on her great grandmother’s 1940 recipe, which uses honey instead of sugar. Today at 13, Mikaila
has become a motivational speaker (she introduced former president Barack Obama at the ﬁrst White
House State of Women Summit in 2016) with a mission to help the community and the environment.
She travels the world and encourages other young, aspiring entrepreneurs to dare to dream big. As she
says, ‘Only a kid would think you can change the world with a lemonade stand.’

4
Eighteen-year-old DELANEY REYNOLDS is also making her voice heard to protect the environment.
A passionate activist condemning indifference, this American marine biology student has been fighting
climate change for several years. Frustrated by politicians’ denial of a growing problem, she felt it
was up to newer generations to solve it. As the founder of the non-profit organisation The Sink or
Swim Project, Delaney devotes her time to raising awareness about the risks the world is facing and
has published a number of children’s books that focus on ecological topics. More recently, she filed a
lawsuit against the state of Florida for violating citizens’ constitutional rights by contributing to global
warming and not protecting them from rises in sea level. This climate warrior, who once addressed the
General Assembly of the United Nations, is unstoppable in her quest to make the world a better place.

36
5 EMMA
WATSON
The magical actress who promotes
gender equality and education for all

NATIONALITY: BRITISH (1990-PRESENT)

Emma Watson became an idol for girls around the world and famously delivered a captivating speech at the UN
after being cast as Hogwarts student Hermione Granger in headquarters launching the HeForShe gender equality
the Harry Potter film series. But she’s proved that her acting campaign. In her speech, Emma opened up about how she
talent is only a small part of what makes her the role model started realising there was gender inequality when she was
she is today. Not only is Emma a wonderful actress, she’s labelled bossy as a child and boys were not. Millions around
also an influential humanitarian promoting gender equality the globe cheered her statement that feminism was the belief
and education for all. men and women should have equal rights and opportunities,
and that the idea that it was about being a man-hater had
A spellbinding performance to stop.
Although born in Paris in 1990, Emma Charlotte Duerre One young woman Emma inspired was Pakistani
Watson was brought up by her English parents in Oxfordshire humanitarian Malala Yousafzai who had heard mixed
and London. After appearing in several school plays, in responses to the word feminist before, but on hearing
1999 she was invited to audition for the upcoming film Emma’s words became clear in her mind. ‘Then after hearing
Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, based on the your speech when you said “if not now, when?”, I decided
best-selling children’s book by JK Rowling. After eight there’s nothing wrong with calling yourself a feminist,’ she
auditions that wowed producers with her confidence and told Emma. ‘So I’m a feminist and we all should be feminists
ability, she landed the lead role of Hermione Granger, one because feminism is another word for equality.’
of Harry’s best friends.
From 2001 to 2011, Emma starred in all eight of the Harry
Potter epics, growing up in front of the world and cementing
her role as one of the most famous young actors of her
generation. Since then, Emma has starred in several major DID YOU KNOW?
films, including The Perks of Being a Wallflower in 2012, The Despite being an award-winning actress
Circle with Tom Hanks in 2017 and she’s wowed Disney fans as earning millions, Emma was passionate about
Belle in the 2017 live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast. completing her own education. At the same
time as starring in the Harry Potter films, she
Women’s rights achieved an amazing eight A* grades and two A
WORDS: ANNE GUILLOT. PHOTO: GETTY.COM

With millions of followers on social media, Emma realised grades at GCSE. And she wasn’t finished after the
she had a great platform to help others and blockbuster films. She wanted to study a degree
over the past few years has been in English Literature and so attended prestigious
involved in promoting education for universities – Worcester College, Oxford, and
girls in Bangladesh and Zambia, and Brown University in the USA, graduating in 2014.
has highlighted the need for greater In 2013, she also became certified to teach yoga
women’s political participation in and meditation. Is there anything Emma can’t do?
Uruguay. In 2014, she became a United
Nations Women’s goodwill ambassador

37
COCO
CHANEL
The designer of the
little black dress
NATIONALITY:
FRENCH
(1883-1971)

38
Who: The founder of French fashion brand Chanel.
Why she inspires us: She completely redesigned the way
women dressed in the 20th Century.

Coco Chanel’s life has something for everyone: for the

romantic, she’s the plucky orphanage girl who turned the
tables to become the toast of Paris, while for the fashionista,
she is the revolutionary whose taste and elegance became a
byword in modish society. If her rags-to-riches progress were
turned into a novel, it wouldn’t be believable. And Chanel
herself muddied the waters as she would concoct fabulous
stories woven around her childhood years, designed to lead
her listeners well away from the bleakest facts. Her legacy
lives on, in the hundreds of tales that surround her name and
the endless elegance of her image.

Birth of a rebel
Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel was born in France in 1883, into the
most impoverished circumstances imaginable. Her early life is
a Grimm fairy tale of a tubercular mother and a ne’er-do-well
father, abandonment and a barren convent education. As she
got to grips with the world, though, Gabrielle proved an adept
survivor, with brains, beauty and apparently endless stamina.
After leaving school, Gabrielle began work with a draper,
helping as a seamstress and shop assistant, and without much
success, sang in a cabaret in the evenings where her family Becoming Chanel
nickname, Coco, was adopted by everyone. There she met an Coco eventually started creating hats and opened her first
orphaned and wealthy young officer, and she soon ended up shop in Paris selling simple jersey clothes alongside her
staying at his country house, where she spent several years. millinery designs. The business benefited from the changes in
Her rebellious style was showing, and as a keen sportswoman fashion brought by World War One. Simplicity and practicality
she would hunt and fish with men, or ride astride horses were gradually ousting extravagance and rich fabrics, and
wearing men’s breeches, at a time when riding side-saddle Chanel’s easy silhouettes suited the moment. Within a few
was the only acceptable thing for women. years, she would launch her first scent, Chanel No. 5, design
stage costumes and jewellery collections. Nothing seemed
able to stop the talented designer as she extended her
influence beyond couture and the Atlantic.
However, Chanel blotted her copybook during
World War Two. With her couture house closed
down, and Paris under Nazi occupation from 1940
onwards, business at the House of Chanel was
not at all as usual. Chanel’s life during the war
was the subject of much speculation, very little of
it favourable. She was accused of everything from
collaboration to espionage and her reputation did not
survive intact. When the war was over, her profile
remained low for some years, until her sudden,
surprising return to the world of couture in
1954, at the age of 74.

39
DRESSING UP
Imagine you’re designing an
outﬁt for your own runway
show. How could you make
it stand out?

40
DID YOU KNOW?
High fashion for women in the early 1900s was
elaborate and constricting – and extraordinarily
heavy. Part of Chanel’s design revolution
reﬂected her awareness that women needed
to speed up, to be able to move elegantly and
easily, and to bend and stretch without eﬀort.
Chanel the sequel She actually did gymnastics in her own clothes to
EDITED EXTRACT FROM BIOGRAPHIC COCO, PUBLISHED BY AMMONITE PRESS; WWW.AMMONITEPRESS.COM. ILLUSTRATIONS: MATT CARR AND ROBIN SHIELDS. PHOTO: ALAMY.COM

Chanel reopened her couture business after 14 years away test their ease of wearing. As well as introducing
with a new collection that was panned as old-fashioned trousers for women and inventing the women’s
by the French fashion press. But if Paris laughed at her – a suit, she notably created the Garçonne look
woman of over 70 trying to tell the young and beautiful (the fashionable boyish look in the 1920s) and
how to dress – she was redeemed by the warm approval of the little black dress (which hasn’t gone out of
the USA. Her later collections continued to bring her much fashion almost a century later). She may have
success, until she passed away at the age of 87 in 1971. broken many rules, but she also changed the
Today, the company she founded is a vast business, built on fashion industry forever.
her original reputation for taste and quality
and spun into a globally recognised brand.

41
ROSA PARKS
The civil rights activist who changed
the lives of African-Americans

NATIONALITY: AMERICAN (1913-2005)

Who: The mother of the modern-day civil rights movement.

Why she inspires us: For courageously refusing to give up
her seat on the bus to a white man in Alabama in 1955,
triggering a protest that changed America forever.

Rosa Louise McCauley was born on February 4, 1913 in a

town called Tuskegee in Alabama, USA. Her mum Leona
was a teacher and her dad James, a carpenter. Her parents
split up when she was young, so Rosa and her little brother
Sylvester moved to Alabama’s capital city Montgomery with
their mother. She worked hard at school but had to drop out
when she was 16 to care for her grandmother and mother
when they became ill. When she was 19, she married a barber
– Raymond Parks – and he supported and encouraged her to
return to school. She then started work as a seamstress.
Growing up in the South, Rosa had witnessed much racism
Segregation and feared the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), who burned down black
The USA in which Rosa grew up was tough for black people school houses and churches. Rosa and her husband Raymond
who faced racial segregation and discrimination in many loathed the racism and discrimination they faced and joined
aspects of their lives. Black children were taught at separate the National Association for the Advancement of Colored
schools. There were separate shops, lifts, seats on buses, People (NAACP) because they wanted everyone to be
toilets, churches, libraries, restaurants and drinking fountains. treated the same.
In some places there were even laws banning black people
from sports events or working in the same place as a white Sitting on the bus
person. African-Americans also had fewer rights which, On December 1, 1955, Rosa made a famous decision which
among other things, restricted them to low-paying jobs, would change her life and the civil rights movement forever.
made it difficult for them to vote and many were arrested for Rosa got on the bus home and took a seat in the section
no apparent reason. reserved for black people. When a white man got on, the
bus was full, so the driver told the black passengers to
give up their seat for him. Rosa refused and the driver called
the police. ‘I had given up my seat before, but this day,
I was especially tired,’ she said. ‘Tired from my work as a
‘I would like to be seamstress, and tired from the ache in my heart.’
Rosa was arrested for breaking segregations laws, however
remembered as a person who she refused to pay her ﬁne, arguing that the law was
wrong. She was tried and arrested. When black residents of

wanted to be free... so other Montgomery found out about Rosa’s arrest, they decided to
boycott the city’s buses despite the harsh impact it would
have on their lives. This boycott, led by Dr Martin Luther
people would be also free’ King Jr and his Montgomery Improvement Association,

42
proved eﬀective as on November 13, 1956, after 381 Some civil rights leaders’ homes were bombed. Rosa moved
days of boycotting the buses, the Supreme Court ruled that to Detroit, Michigan, where she continued to attend civil
Alabama’s racial segregation laws were ‘unconstitutional’. rights movements and help others. She received many awards
for her bravery and work, including the Presidential Medal
An American icon of Freedom in 1996 and the Congressional Gold Medal – the
Rosa continued to ﬁght for civil rights and support the highest civilian award in the US – in 1999 for being a ‘living
NAACP but life wasn’t easy for her in Montgomery and she icon of freedom in America’. Rosa died on October 24, 2005
and her fellow activists faced many threats from angry groups. at the age of 92.

MAKE A STAND
Several laws have been passed in the US since the 1960s in an attempt to guarantee civil rights
for all its citizens. But the struggle continues. Today, African-Americans, alongside many other
minorities – from women to people with disabilities – are waging civil rights campaigns.
More and more young people are not content to sit on the sidelines, and are joining the ﬁght.

By the time Marley Dias, born on January 3, 2005, was 10 years old, she was an avid reader. But as an African-
American, she became frustrated that so many of the books she was reading at school were ‘about white boys
and their dogs’. Determined to do something about it, in November 2015 she launched a campaign called
#1000BlackGirlBooks with a simple goal: to ask people to donate 1,000 books that feature black girls as the
main character, so she could share them with schools and libraries across America. Her campaign was so
successful she has now collected more than 9,000 books.

CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE?

Have you ever made an assumption about someone based on the way they look? Everyone has done it at some
point, from what they’re wearing to how they style their hair – it’s part of being human. Try to remember that it’s
only your opinion and not a fact. And that what a person is like on the inside – the most important bit! – can’t
always be seen on the outside.

Draw a picture of yourself and one of your friends in the frames.

What assumptions might

people make about you both?
WORDS (MAIN): DONNA FINDLAY. PHOTOS: GETTY.COM/ALAMY.COM

Do you think anyone would

treat you diﬀerently because
of them? How does that
make you feel?

M Y FR IEND

43
JANE
AUSTEN
The romantic novelist whose
female characters are still relevant

NATIONALITY: BRITISH (1775-1817)

Who: One of England’s greatest novelists.

Why she inspires us: Even 200 years on, women still admire
and relate to her ﬁctional female characters.

EDITED EXTRACT FROM BIOGRAPHIC AUSTEN, PUBLISHED BY AMMONITE PRESS; WWW.AMMONITEPRESS.COM

More than just love stories with anticipated happy endings,
more than the tea parties and the women swept oﬀ their
feet by dashing gentlemen, author Jane Austen portrayed
strong – and witty – women who all readers can still
connect with. No one has ever been better at capturing
the atmosphere of a conversation or the echo of
feelings that can’t be spoken. Being a keen observer of

ILLUSTRATIONS: MATT CARR AND ROBIN SHIELDS. (TOP LEFT) ALAMY.COM

society, she could not only accurately depict human
nature, but she would also catch the true ﬂavour of
everyday life. She revolutionised the romance genre
and wrote with charm and humour.

Putting pen to paper

Jane was born in Hampshire, England, in 1775,
one of a large family of eight children. She was
brought up in a crowded but cheerful home in which
self-expression was commonplace: her mother wrote
notes in rhyme to her children, and they all took part in
regular family theatricals. And so Jane began to write stories
and poems aged 11, followed by her first longer work entitled
(and misspelt) Love and Freindship when still a teenager.
Her first novel, however, called Sense and Sensibility,
would not be published until she was 35. Unfortunately her
popularity didn’t really take off, but Jane kept writing,
driven by her perseverance and passion. Another
three major novels were published in the next few
years until she died at 41. Sadly, she never saw
her own success. Today she is more popular
than ever, and all of her six novels, including
two published posthumously, have since
joined the ranks of the greatest works of
English literature.

44
GIRL POWER
Must-read books with inspirational girls as central characters
The Mystery of the The Secret of The Other Side of Truth Rooftoppers
Clockwork Sparrow Nightingale Wood by Beverly Naidoo by Katherine Rundell
by Katherine Woodﬁne by Lucy Strange After the murder of their When a baby is found
Set in London in the It’s 1919. Henrietta is 12 mother, 12-year-old ﬂoating in the middle
early 1900s, this warm, years old and her family Sade and her brother are of the English Channel,
funny and mysterious has moved after the smuggled out of Nigeria everybody assumes she
story revolves around death of her brother. As to live with their uncle. is an orphan. Until a
Sinclair’s, a newly opened she starts to explore her But when he doesn’t distant memory sparks
luxury department new surroundings, she arrive to collect them, the search of a little girl
store where the main meets somebody who they’re left stranded in for her mother.
characters work. A could help save the UK alone.
robbery in the store leads her family.
them to a dangerous
investigation with many
twists and turns.

AUSTEN ON FILM
Even a casual headcount reveals more than 30 Austen movies, from straight ﬁlming of the novels to some much odder fare.
Here are some of the best or most interesting, with notes on what makes them stand out. Perhaps predictably, Pride and
Prejudice tends to come out head and shoulders above the rest, while some of the other novels seem to resist adaptation

Pride and Prejudice (adaptation) Pride and Prejudice (adaptation) Sense and Sensibility (adaptation) Clueless (inspired by Emma)
Robert Z Leonard, 1940 Simon Langton, 1995 Ang Lee, 1995 Amy Heckerling, 1995
The first. Greer Garson pirouettes in vast Not technically a movie, but the mini-series The Emma Thompson and Kate Winslet Probably the freshest approach
taffeta gowns, while Laurence Olivier does ensures that the full plot can be given free rein, emotional tour de force in a strong and to an Austen plot: Emma is
his best romantic glowering. Aldous Huxley and the gratuitous Darcy-swimming scene, critically acclaimed adaptation. transplanted to 1990s Los
wrote some of the screenplay, which while not very Austen, charmed viewers. Angeles, and is played by an
doesn’t help much. Remarkable for the Perhaps one of the best Darcy/Elizabeth energetic Alicia Silverstone.
archery scene. castings, in Colin Firth and Jennifer Ehle.
1995
Oscar
1940 for best
Oscar for screenplay
best art
direction

Mansfield Park (adaptation) Emma (adaptation) Bride and Prejudice (inspired by Pride and Prejudice and Zombies
Patricia Rozema, 1999 Douglas McGrath, 1996 Pride and Prejudice) (inspired by Pride and Prejudice)
Gurinder Chadha, 2004 Burr Steers, 2016
A groundbreaking Gwyneth Paltrow nails the accent in
interpretation featuring a a visually lavish production, although A contemporary Bollywood rendition A comedy-satire, based on the book
socially aware Fanny Price the deeper layers from the novel are that traded corsets for saris in a of the same name, which had been a
forging her own career as skipped over. present-day Sikh love story. Including, runaway hit. The film bombed at the
a writer. as the format dictates, some great box office, despite the irresistible
song-and-dance numbers. depiction of the character of George
1996 Wickham as a zombie from the start.
Oscars
for best
music and
costume
design
MALALA
YOUSAFZAI
An activist for female education

NATIONALITY: PAKISTANI (1997-PRESENT)

Who: The 15-year-old Pakistani school girl who spoke out ‘The terrorists thought that they would
against the Taliban and was shot. change our aims and stop our ambitions,
Why she inspires us: Miraculously she survived and went on but nothing changed in my life except
to receive a Nobel peace prize, becoming one of the most this: weakness, fear and hopelessness died.
inspirational and inﬂuential women in the world. Strength, power and courage were born’

The right to education The ultimate prize

Malala was born to proud parents Ziauddin and Toor Pekai Malala’s passionate and inspiring words resounded around
Yousafzai in the Swat district of Pakistan on July 12, 1997. the globe. Her efforts were recognised on the biggest stage
Because her family didn’t have enough money for a hospital, and she was awarded the Nobel peace prize in 2014 for her
she was born at home with the help of neighbours. She grew struggle against the suppression of children and the right
up with her two younger brothers, Khushal and Atal, in their for all to an education. ‘The extremists were, and they are,
home in Mingora and attended a school founded by her afraid of books and pens,’ she said. ‘The power of education
father, an outspoken social activist and educator. frightens them. They are afraid of women... Let us pick up
In 2007, the Taliban invaded the Swat Valley and began our books and pens. They are our most powerful weapons.’
imposing strict Islamic laws, destroying or shutting down girls’ Home has been Birmingham since Malala arrived there
schools and banning women from any active role in society. for treatment in 2013. While she has campaigned for the
Malala was interested in politics and rights from a young education of others, she’s also continued her own schooling,
age and in 2008 she gave a confident speech in Peshawar, and is currently studying at Oxford University.
Pakistan, entitled ‘How dare the Taliban take away my basic
right to education?’ Malala then went on to blog her thoughts
– about life under the Taliban and of her belief that women
should have an education – for the BBC.
DID YOU KNOW?
Malala wrote under the pen name Gul Makai, but the WORDS (THIS PAGE): DONNA FINDLAY. PHOTOS: SHUTTERSTOCK.COM
Taliban discovered her identity. On October 9, 2012, Despite the attack on her life, Malala is fearless.
when she was just 15, a masked gunman boarded her She set up the Malala Fund with the goal of
school bus and demanded to know which girl was Malala ‘working for a world where every girl can learn and
before firing at her, hitting the left side of her head. After lead without fear’. When meeting US President
initial life-saving treatment, she was flown from Peshawar Barack Obama in 2013, she confronted him
to Birmingham, UK. Amazingly, despite the bullet going about the use of drone strikes in Pakistan and has
through her head to her shoulder near her spinal cord, Malala continued fighting for her beliefs. In July 2015, on
suffered no brain damage, but needed many surgeries to her 18th birthday, she opened a school in Lebanon
fix the facial damage, reconstruct her skull and restore her near the Syrian border for Syrian refugees funded
hearing. Her bravery and her determination not to be silenced by her own Malala Fund, and called for world
won over the hearts of the world and just nine months after leaders to invest in ‘books not bullets’.
being shot, on her 16th birthday, she gave a speech at the
United Nations.

46
CHANGING THE WORLD
If you could bring attention to issues in the same way as Malala, what would you choose to highlight? Think of
three things you would focus on and the changes that might help to resolve them. Maybe you’ve heard about
plastic pollution and think people could use alternative materials. Or you’re worried about vehicle emissions and
want to encourage people to walk or cycle to school.

ISSUE 1 ISSUE 2 ISSUE 3

SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS

................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ............................................................................. ......................

47
Words of wisdom
What words and feelings come to
mind when you think about all these
inspirational women? List them here

48
49
ANNE FRANK
The young diarist with a dream
NATIONALITY: GERMAN (1906-1992)

Who: The Jewish girl who wrote a diary while in hiding from
the Nazis during World War Two.
Why she inspires us: More than 70 years after her death,
the teenager with a dream of making a positive diﬀerence
after the war continues to inspire millions of readers, from
children to world leaders.

50
‘How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single
moment before starting to improve the world’

Family life
Annelies Marie Frank was born in 1929 to Jewish
parents Otto and Edith and her early years were
spent with them and her older sister by three
years, Margot, in Frankfurt, Germany. When
Hitler’s anti-Jewish Nazi Party took power in
1933, the family decided to move somewhere
safer and settled in Amsterdam, Holland, the
following year, where Otto had a business.
They lived there happily, with Anne excelling in
reading and writing at school, until 1939 when
World War Two began and Hitler invaded their
adopted country of Holland.

Living in fear
The Nazis began persecuting Jewish people with restrictive me it was a revelation,’ Otto recalls when discovering she had
and discriminatory laws. Anne had to go to a Jewish school, written the diary. ‘I had no idea of the depth of her thoughts
for example, and swimming pools, cinemas and trams were and feelings... She had kept all these feelings to herself.’
off limits. But then the harsh treatment of the Jewish people Because Anne had said she wanted to be a writer or a
intensified and in July 1942, Margot received a call-up for a journalist, friends convinced Otto to get it published in 1950.
German work camp. Otto and Edith decided the danger was Over the years, its popularity grew and Anne’s account of her
too great. They took their family into hiding in a secret annex life in hiding, as well as her belief in the good of humanity
in the back of Otto’s firm. It was a three-storey space with despite such hatred and evil around her, has become one of
its entrance hidden behind a bookcase in the main building. the most widely read books in the world.
There they shared the darkness and cramped space with
seven others and lived in fear of being discovered.

Keeping notes POWER OF THE PEN

For her 13th birthday in June 1942, just a few weeks before
going into hiding, Anne had been given a book that she had Anne’s diary has had an impact on some of
WORDS: DONNA FINDLAY. DIARY, LEFT: ANNE FRANK MUSEUM. ABOVE: GETTY.COM

shown her father in a shop window. The red-and-white- the most famous leaders in history.
checked cloth-covered book with a little lock was supposed
to be an autograph book but Anne decided to use it as a diary In 1961, US President John F Kennedy quoted
during her time in the secret annex. In the diary, which she her in a speech, saying: ‘Of all the multitudes who
called ‘Dear Kitty’, she confided how she felt about the others, throughout history have spoken for human dignity
her emotions and her desire to become a journalist, as well in times of great suffering and loss, no voice is
as the events which took place. In August 1944, however, more compelling than that of Anne Frank.’
the hiding place was stormed by uniformed police. All the
occupants were discovered, arrested and sent to Auschwitz In 1994, while Nelson Mandela was South
concentration camp. After the end of the war, Otto learnt he African president, he revealed he’d read the diary
was the only one to survive, with Anne dying of typhus aged while in prison and drew strength from Anne’s
just 15 in the Bergen-Belsen camp early in 1945. words. ‘We derived much encouragement from
it,’ he said. ‘It kept our spirits high and reinforced
The diary of a young girl our confidence in the invincibility of the cause of
Some of those who had helped the Franks while they were in freedom and justice.’
hiding rescued the family’s belongings from the annex after
their hiding place was discovered – including Anne’s diary. ‘For

51
GRACE
HOPPER
One of the ﬁrst programmers
in the history of computers

NATIONALITY: AMERICAN (1906-1992)

Who: The Queen of Code, also nicknamed Amazing Grace, An unconventional soul
considered by many to be the mother of computing. As a computer programmer, Grace used her experience
Why she inspires us: She revolutionised the computing as a teacher to devise a way to instruct computers using
world by making programming approachable and paved words rather than numbers, becoming a pioneer in her field.
the way for women in science, technology, engineering By the end of the war in 1945, her passion had become
and mathematics. her life goal: to make programming languages available to
all. Turning down the offer of a full professorship, Grace
A curious mind remained with the Navy as a reserve officer to continue her
Born in New York in 1906, Grace showed determination, a research at Harvard’s Computation Laboratory and devoted
sense of curiosity and a fascination with complex machines the rest of her life to developing computer technology.
from an early age. Aged seven she took her alarm clock to An inspirational speaker, she was skilled at explaining
pieces so she could understand how it worked. Unable to put difficult concepts, and believed most challenges could be
it back together, she ended up dismantling every clock in the overcome simply by approaching them differently. Grace
house in search of the reason why! Her mother encouraged spent years spreading this vision: question the impossible.
her interests (even when they appeared a little strange) and If something has never been done before, it doesn’t mean it
her father ensured his daughters received the same education can’t be – so be creative, open-minded and embrace change.
as his son, which was uncommon at the time.
Grace excelled at mathematics and physics in school and

WORDS (THIS PAGE): ANNE GUILLOT. THIS PAGE: ALAMY.COM. OPPOSITE: LUCAS DUDLEY
studied at Yale, one of America’s most prestigious universities,
where she earned a master’s in mathematics (and later a
PhD, which very few women had obtained by the mid-1930s)
DID YOU KNOW?
before starting a teaching career. • Grace apparently coined the term ‘bug’ to
describe a computer glitch when she found
A determined woman an actual insect stuck in the malfunctioning
Although Grace had been promoted to associate professor Mark II computer.
and led a stable life, World War Two gave her good reason to • She joined the Navy at 37, tried to retire at
follow in the footsteps of her great grandfather and join the 60 (but was called back to duty a few months
US Navy. Her age and small size meant her application was later) and finally left, aged 79, as a Rear
rejected, but she persisted and went on to train at the Naval Admiral and the oldest military officer on
Reserve Midshipmen's School, where she proved her worth by active duty.
graduating top of her class. • She was the first computer science ‘Man
Grace was assigned to learn to program the Mark I of the Year’ in 1969 and the first woman to
computer at Harvard University, a 4,500kg device using receive the National Medal of Technology
hundreds of miles of wire covering an entire room. Despite as an individual in 1991.
her diminutive size, Grace faced up to the challenge and went
on to write the world’s first computer programming manual.

52
GIRLS WHO CODE
Coding is the language of the future and there is expected to be a
huge rise in the number of computer specialist job openings in the
next decade, yet fewer women are graduating in computer science
than ever before. Female entrepreneurs like Lyndsey Scott are trying
to encourage more teenage girls into coding careers

Lyndsey Scott is an American model with an unusual sideline – a burgeoning app empire. As well as being the first
African-American model to sign an exclusive runway contract with Calvin Klein, Lyndsey loves to code and has
created mobile apps such as Code Made Cool, which encourages young women to get into coding and Educate!,
a Ugandan charity project which helps fund young African entrepreneurs.
Lyndsey started programming at the age of 12 by writing games for her friends, and taught herself
programming languages like Python. She says she was bullied at school as the only black person in her first
three years there, and for being so slim: ‘People pushed me around. There was one class where they kept
knocking my books on to the floor. I was invited to a few parties just to be uninvited,’ she says. ‘But I wanted
to go to college, so I put lots of effort in and got into Amherst, which was the number one liberal-arts school in
the country at the time.’
Once there she studied theatre, economics and physics, and decided to try a computer-science course. ‘I didn’t
understand what computer science meant,’ she says. ‘I took the course and right away I loved it. My last project
was to make a Monopoly game, and I went crazy with it. We had to code 10 pages and I probably did five times
that. I liked how capable computers are, and I wanted to take advantage of the code to make something real.’
Lyndsey is passionate about inspiring young female coders. She is a mentor at Girls Who Code, an American
organisation that teaches programming to teenage girls, gives inspirational talks at American universities Harvard
and Yale, and above all appreciates ‘modelling, coding and the freedom to do the things that I enjoy’.

AMAZING APP
Can you invent an app to solve one of these problems?

1 Stopping plants dying while you are away on holiday

2 How to keep focused on a task and ignore distractions
3 Learn a language as quickly as possible
4 Figure out what something you buy would look like at home

What could you invent to solve the problem?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................................................... Design a logo for your app

53
MAE JEMISON
The ﬁrst African-American astronaut to travel into space
NATIONALITY: AMERICAN (1956-PRESENT)

Who: The first black woman to travel into space. High flyer
Why she inspires us: She paved the way for women in At 16 Mae began studying chemical engineering at Stanford
science, technology, engineering and maths, showing the University, and went on to do medicine. She travelled to
world that women of colour had the right to be there. Cuba, Kenya and Thailand as a doctor before serving as a
Peace Corps Medical Officer in Liberia and Sierra Leone.
After Sally Ride became the first American woman in space
To boldly go in 1983, Mae was inspired to apply for the NASA astronaut
When Mae Jemison was young, she dreamed of becoming an programme. Her involvement was delayed after the Space
astronaut. In 1992, those dreams became a reality when she Shuttle Challenger disaster but after reapplying in 1987,
flew aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Born in Decatur, she was one of 15 candidates chosen out of 2,000 applicants
Alabama, on October 17, 1956, to Dorothy, a teacher, and and she started by working on launch support activities at
Charlie Jemison, a maintenance supervisor, they moved the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, as well as Shuttle
to Chicago when Mae was three where she developed computer software.
a fascination for science at school. She loved everything On September 12, 1992 Mae spent eight days in space
to do with the subject, turning many experiences into an on her only space mission as a Mission Specialist on STS-
experiment. Once, when a splinter infected her thumb, she 47, Space Shuttle Endeavour. She acted as co-investigator
created a whole project about pus. Inspired by Star Trek’s of two bone cell research experiments and also conducted
Lieutenant Uhura, an African-American character in the weightlessness and motion sickness experiments on herself
legendary science-fiction series, she dreamed that one day and the other six crew members. One such experiment was
she too would travel into space. to induce female frogs to ovulate, fertilise the eggs and then

54
55
NEVER LIMIT
YOURSELF
BECAUSE OF
OTHERS’ LIMITED
IMAGINATION...

Mae Jemison

56
PHOTOGRAPHED IN ZERO GRAVITY ONBOARD THE SPACE
SHUTTLE ENDEAVOUR DURING THE STS-47 MISSION, 1992.

‘ I loved space, stars and dinosaurs. I always knew I wanted to

explore. At the time of the Apollo airing, everybody was thrilled about
space, but I remember being irritated that there were no women
astronauts. People tried to explain that to me, and I did not buy it’
see how tadpoles developed in zero gravity.
Mae cites the moment she saw Chicago from the shuttle
DID YOU KNOW? as one of her all-time favourite memories: ‘I was working on
WORDS: DONNA FINDLAY. ILLUSTRATIONS: MATT CHINWORTH. PHOTO: ALAMY.COM

the middeck where there aren’t many windows, and as we

• Mae is frightened of heights. passed over Chicago, the commander called me up to the
• She’s a trained dancer and nearly went into flight deck,’ she recalls. ‘It was such a significant moment
dancing instead of medical school. Her because since I was a little girl I had always assumed I would
mother, however, advised her: ‘You can go into space.’
always dance if you’re a doctor, but you can’t
doctor if you’re a dancer.’ Future space travel
• During her time in space, avid Star Trek fan Mae left NASA in 1993 to become a professor of
Mae would begin each shift by saying, Environmental Studies, aiming to inspire a younger
‘Hailing frequencies open,’ a phrase Nyota generation to develop an interest in science and technology.
Uhura was renowned for. When show bosses More recently, she became the leader of the 100 Year
discovered this, she was invited to become Starship, a project designed to get humans travelling to
the first real-life astronaut to appear in Star another star in the next century. ‘We may not all want to
Trek: The Next Generation, playing Lieutenant go [into space], but we all want to know what it’s like. It’s a
Palmer in 1993. part of our deepest longing as humans. Fundamentally, we
want to know who we are and where we come from.’

57
MARY
SHELLEY
The original Goth Girl who
thought up Frankenstein

NATIONALITY: BRITISH (1797-1851)

Who: The author of Frankenstein. Shelley to turn up at her house with a gun vowing to kill
Why she inspires us: Her wildly inventive imagination himself if he couldn’t be with her.
created the ultimate Gothic horror story, often credited as The young man, who had been kicked out of Oxford
the first modern work of science fiction. University for writing a pamphlet questioning the existence
of God, was a perfect fit for the punchy Mary, and the couple
Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin was the daughter of planned to run away together. In 1816 they travelled to Lake
philosopher and writer William Godwin and feminist Mary Geneva in Switzerland to spend the summer with Shelley’s
Wollstonecraft, a woman with revolutionary ideas about the friend and fellow poet Lord Byron. But this was a European
position of women in society. Sadly Mary was never to know summer like no other – the sun was hidden by an ashen
her mother, who died less than a month after giving birth. fog from a volcanic eruption thousands of miles away on
William remarried in 1801, but Mary didn’t get on with her Indonesia’s Mount Tambora. It caused relentless downpours,
argumentative stepmother. She did, however, spend a great thunder and lightning and the group were forced to entertain
deal of time with her father. He tutored Mary at home, and themselves indoors.
she learned about the world through his extensive library Byron challenged the others to come up with a ghost story
and by listening to his distinguished friends, who included and Mary, though only 19, impressed the older sophisticates
poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth. with the terrifying gothic tale of a man stitched together
Godwin described the 15-year-old youngster as ‘singularly from the body parts of the dead. She intended it as a short
bold, somewhat imperious, and active of mind. Her desire of story, but with Shelley’s encouragement expanded it into the
knowledge is great, and her perseverance in everything she classic novel now known as Frankenstein. It was published two
undertakes almost invincible’. years later, initially anonymously and then wrongly attributed
Mary was encouraged to write by her father and her to her husband. The book is much more than a vision of
first published work is thought to have been Mounseer horror: its underlying themes are of ugliness, lovelessness and
Nongtongpaw, a comic verse penned for the publishing house rejection, which has a message that’s still relevant today. WORDS (THIS PAGE): KIM SMITH. ILLUSTRATION: MATT CHINWORTH

and bookshop that he started. She was only 10.

A wild romance
In 1814, when Mary was 16, she met 21-year-old Etonian
Percy Bysshe Shelley at her father’s bookshop. The business
was in trouble and Godwin hoped that radical poet Shelley, DID YOU KNOW?
who was from a well-off family, would help pay his debts, but
Shelley was alienated from his aristocratic parents. Mary’s life is the subject of a new big-screen
Despite already being married and having a second child biopic. The film, simply called Mary Shelley,
on the way, he began to romance Mary. They would meet stars Elle Fanning in the title role and Douglas
in secret at her mother’s grave and soon fell in love. Mary Booth as Shelley.
declared that she was attracted by Shelley’s ‘wild, intellectual,
unearthly looks’. Godwin warned his daughter off, only for

58
CREATE A CHARACTER
With Frankenstein, Mary created one of literature’s most famous
characters. Have you ever tried to write a story? What would your
central character be like? Start by asking yourself a few questions...

What’s your character’s goal? This will serve as a basis Everyone does something odd occasionally. Give your
for the journey they will take in your story. character a strange quality or habit to help them stand
out from the crowd.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................

................................................................................................................................. .......................

Why are they pursuing that goal?

................................................................................................................................. .......................
What’s their motivation?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................
Give them a name. This could refer to the time they’re
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................. from, their ancestry or say something about the world
they’re living in now.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................

................................................................................................................................. .......................

What are they scared of? Fear shapes who people

are – everyone has doubts and insecurities. Lastly, sketch their appearance below.
What are your character’s? And look, you’ve done it! You’ve developed your
own character. Now all you have to do is write
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................
their story...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................

Do they have a flaw? Nobody’s perfect.

What’s their history? The past can affect who they are
now and also how they will handle the journey ahead.

59
60
WIMAGES: CREATIVE MARKET.COM
My heroes
Who in your everyday life inspires you?
Draw their portraits here

61
FLORENCE
NIGHTINGALE
The pioneer of modern nursing

NATIONALITY: BRITISH (1820-1910)

Who: One of the best-known women in Victorian medicine. Taking orders

Why she inspires us: Her bravery, determination and hard Florence was on holiday in Rome when she met and became
work saved countless lives, and she changed the profession a lifelong friend of the British government’s Secretary of
of nursing forever. War, Sidney Herbert. In 1853 the Crimean War began, and
soon there were reports of soldiers surviving battles only to
Florence Nightingale was the cosseted younger daughter of a die from infection in dirty hospitals. Herbert remembered
well-to-do family who divided their time between mansions Florence’s crusading spirit and asked if she would lead a
in Derbyshire and the New Forest. She was so named 38-strong contingent of trained nurses on a pilgrimage to
because she was born in Florence, Italy, while her parents revolutionise the men’s treatment. Florence knew this was
were staying at a grand villa. From a young age, the little her moment, but when the group arrived at the casualty
girl showed a thirst for learning and had her nose forever in centres in Turkey, the first thing to hit them was the stench
a book; she also liked everything around her to be neat and of sickness and filth. The injured lay on the floors in pools of
orderly, a trait she would carry into adulthood. blood, their undressed wounds were swarmed by flies and
In those days, Florence was expected to grow into a proper sheets were crawling with lice.
Victorian lady, marry a man from her own social class and Florence tasked her nurses with cleaning every nook and
bear him children. But in her teens she began to feel she was cranny, ordered a diet of nutritional food and fresh air for
predestined to achieve more and, by her twenties, believed the patients, and even had a prefabricated hospital block
she had a calling from God to become a nurse. Nursing was built in England and shipped across. Within six months, the
not regarded as a respectable profession and was staffed only death rate was cut from 47 per cent to just two per cent.
by the lower orders, so her family objected. In a bid
to stamp out their daughter’s rebellious streak, her
parents read her letters and generally monitored
her every move.
Florence, however, was very determined. After
many arguments, in 1851 her father gave her an
allowance to travel to Germany to train within a
religious community. Soon after she took charge
of the loftily named Institution for the Care of
Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances in
London’s elite medical district, Harley Street.

‘I attribute my success
to this - I never gave or
took any excuse’
62
IF AT FIRST YOU
DON’T SUCCEED...
Florence’s ﬁerce determination helped
her to reach her goal. She used it to push
herself to keep going, even when she
didn’t know what the outcome would be.

It’s great when things come naturally, but it’s

the skills you have to work hard at that build
determination. Piano, a yo-yo, a times table – list
things that have taken you time to learn...

................................................................................................................... ........................

Florence took to patrolling the wards at night, carrying ................................................................................................................... ........................

a lamp, to talk to the sick. Newspapers back home began

................................................................................................................... ........................
publishing stories of her achievements and christened her
‘The Lady with the Lamp’. ................................................................................................................... ........................
WORDS: KIM SMITH. ILLUSTRATION: MATT CHINWORTH. PHOTOS: (TOP LEFT) GETTY.COM. (LEFT) SHUTTERSTOCK.COM

The legacy How many minutes or hours did you spend

Bedridden shortly after her return from the Crimea, practising? Did you ever feel angry or frustrated
Florence died peacefully in her sleep on August 13, 1910, when things didn’t go well?
at the age of 90. After the publicity surrounding her work,
................................................................................................................... ........................
money ﬂooded in to a fund set up to train nurses. In 1860,
it was used to establish the Nightingale Training School ................................................................................................................... ........................

at London’s St Thomas’ Hospital and the ﬁrst graduates

................................................................................................................... ........................
went on to improve conditions in the Liverpool Workhouse
Inﬁrmary. Florence also wrote Notes on Nursing, renowned as ................................................................................................................... ........................

the industry’s bible. It has been republished many times and

................................................................................................................... ........................
earned her the title of the founder of modern nursing.
................................................................................................................... ........................

What new skills could you take time to learn?

DID YOU KNOW? ................................................................................................................... ........................

When nurses complete their training today, they ................................................................................................................... ........................

have to recite something called the Nightingale

................................................................................................................... ........................
Pledge. Basically a statement of good practice for
their careers, it includes the promise to ‘zealously ................................................................................................................... ........................

seek to nurse those who are ill wherever they

................................................................................................................... ........................
may be and whenever they are in need’.

63
Are you afraid to try something new? Many people stick to the things they are familiar
with and avoid new challenges. After all, what if you fail? Or worse, make a fool of
yourself? But there’s a lot to be said for saying yes to opportunities. You may ﬁnd you
learn a skill, develop a hobby, make friends or even pave the way to your dream job

BE BRAVE DITCH THE ROUTINE

1 When you try new things, it increases your 2 Exploring the unfamiliar is a great way to shake
confidence and builds your self-esteem. Saying up the daily routine and view life from a different
yes to one opportunity usually motivates you to say yes perspective. Sometimes all it takes is one new experience
more often, opening your life to people and adventures. to break bad habits and see everything more clearly. It’s like
Courage and confidence are wonderful attributes to nurture. having a little space to recharge and refocus and who knows
They inspire others and make you feel good. Even if you try it may even help you face the more challenging areas of your
something and it’s not your cup of tea at least you tried. life. When you open up to challenges you have a greater
After all, nothing you do is ever a waste of time. You can sense of being present in the here and now. This means
take something from everything – even failure. you’re less likely to be thinking about the past or worrying
about the future.

THE LAST TIME I WAS BRAVE WAYS I COULD BE MORE SPONTANEOUS

64
65
MAKE NEW FRIENDS BE HAPPY
3 If you consider how you made your friends it was 4 Probably the best thing about trying new
probably over a shared experience. Seeking out things is you may ﬁnd you enjoy them. Life is
activities enables you to meet new people and make friends. wonderful when you spend it doing the things you love with
People enrich your life and it’s wonderful to learn and share the people that lift you. So why not seek challenges and
experiences with others. Especially if you can motivate one seize opportunities when they arise? Life should be full of
another along the way. happiness and trying new things is a great way to realise your
potential and have some fun along the way.

NEW THINGS I COULD TRY ACTIVITIES I LOVE

66
MOVE ON GO FOR GROWTH
5 Throughout your life, you may say no to 6 Saying yes to experiences helps you to live your
something and later regret your decision. Missing life to the full. Opening your mind and enabling
opportunities can feel like you’ve let yourself down. You you to realise your full potential. Growing and developing
may also wish you had more courage and motivation to take also help to build conﬁdence and while you’re learning you’re
yourself forward, especially if you see others thrive on an more likely to focus on the positives in life. When you step
experience you had previously declined. But it’s rarely too back to enjoy what you’ve accomplished and how far you’ve
late to learn something new and it’s wise not to dwell on a come you can feel an enormous sense of achievement. This
past decision. The best thing to do is learn from it and make a can motivate you to keep going.
promise to say yes should an exciting opportunity arise again.

LESSONS I’VE LEARNED ACHIEVEMENTS I’M PROUD OF

PHOTOS: SHUTTERSTOCK.COM

67
MAYA
ANGELOU
The acclaimed American
poet, storyteller, activist
and autobiographer

NATIONALITY: AMERICAN (1928-2014)

Who: One of the most inspirational writers, poets, actors English newspaper in Egypt. It wasn’t until she was 41 that
and civil rights activists of the past century. she became an author with I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings,
Why she inspires us: She went from being a shy child who an autobiographical book telling the story of her life up to
didn’t speak, to an iconic storyteller and civil rights activist the age of 17. It gives an account of life in the South during
during America’s most turbulent times. the Depression and won her awards across the world with its
themes of human resilience, survival and endurance.
Born Marguerite Annie Johnson on April 4, 1928 to Bailey,
a former soldier, and Vivian Johnson, a nurse, in St Louis, Still I rise…
Missouri, the young Maya had a traumatic childhood Maya went on to write six more volumes of her
which she wrote about in her autobiographies. Her parents autobiography, as well as six books of poetry. She won writing
separated when she was just three, and she and her brother awards and was nominated for an Emmy for a role in the
spent time living between her mother’s home and their 1970s TV mini-series Roots. She also spoke to the world when
grandmother’s in Arkansas. When she was eight, Maya was she gave a reading at President Bill Clinton’s inauguration
assaulted by her mother’s new partner. A few days after she in 1993. A friend of Martin Luther King Jr, she became well
confided in someone about what had happened, the culprit respected as a spokeswoman for black people and women’s
was found dead. It was believed Maya’s uncle had killed him. rights. Her 1978 poem about inner strength and defiance
Following this incident, she blamed herself for the murder, And Still I Rise is one of her most popular works.
and chose not to speak for five years. ‘I thought, my voice
killed him; I killed that man, because I told his name,’ she said. A huge inspiration
‘And then I thought I would never speak again, because my Maya died aged 86 in 2014 and was survived by her only child,
voice would kill anyone.’ her son Guy, who she had aged 16. Oprah Winfrey, Michelle
Obama and Bill Clinton all spoke at her memorial and she has
The caged bird inspired many young stars such as Beyonce, Nicki Minaj and
Maya had many jobs before becoming a famous writer, Alicia Keys. Oprah said, ‘The world knows her as a poet but at
WORDS: DONNA FINDLAY. PHOTO: ALAMY.COM

including being the ﬁrst black streetcar conductor in San the heart of her, she was a teacher. “When you learn, teach.
Francisco, a cook, waitress, dancer, actor and editor at an When you get, give” is one of my best lessons from her.’

‘I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people
will forget what you did, but people will never forget how
you made them feel’
68
FINDING YOUR VOICE
Have you ever been treated in a way that you felt was unfair? Were you given the chance to
voice your thoughts, or did you feel frustrated because no one seemed to listen?

Write down an example of a time when you felt you were treated diﬀerently or in an unfair way.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................................................................................................................................................. ......................

Now stand in front of the mirror and imagine you have an audience. Using what you’ve written above, pretend
you’re delivering a speech on the importance of treating others fairly. Try to use clear language and a calm voice.
Speaking in front of people can feel scary, but it can also help to boost your conﬁdence, especially if you’re
naturally shy like Maya was. Everyone feels nervous the ﬁrst time they perform, but the more you practise, the
easier it becomes. How does it make you feel to get your point across?

69
Top 5 women
AHEAD OF THEIR TIME

1
One of the earliest recorded pioneers was also one of the greatest philosophers of ancient times.
HYPATIA, the daughter of Theon of Alexandria (a Greek scholar and forward-thinking mathematician),
had a privileged upbringing and was one of the ﬁrst women to study mathematics, science, astronomy
and philosophy. She even managed to rise to the position of a well-respected academic at a time when
it was very much a man’s world. Her beauty equalled her intelligence, but Hypatia decided not to marry,
devoting herself to learning and teaching. Today, she is a symbol of intellectual freedom and regarded as
a precursor to the feminist movement.

2
VICTORIA WOODHULL’s life, on the other hand, wasn’t
so promising, being born to an illiterate mother and a petty
criminal father, and receiving hardly any education at all.
However, she went from being a clairvoyant to the ﬁrst
female stockbroker on New York’s Wall Street, followed
by stints as a newspaper publisher and a women’s rights
leader, before becoming the ﬁrst American woman to run
for president in 1872 – nearly 50 years before she would
have been able to vote herself. Needless to say, she caused
much controversy at a time when women were banned
from speaking in public, and was notably depicted as Mrs
Satan. Victoria even spent Election Day in jail. Her story is
one of adversity and rebellion and she paved the way for
our next inspiring woman...

3
Fast forward 100 years, and in 1972 the ﬁrst African-American to run for president was SHIRLEY
ANITA CHISHOLM. Originally a nursery school teacher, she became the ﬁrst African-American
woman elected to Congress. Her name may have been largely forgotten, nevertheless she changed the
face of American politics – though not without facing some challenges. Shirley escaped assassination
attempts and had to sue to participate in television debates. She was known for being bold and had
to break down gender, as well as racial, barriers. Her campaign slogan for Congress – ‘unbought and
unbossed’ – represents best who she really was, and Shirley’s accomplishments undoubtedly led to
greater representation of women and minorities in today’s political world.

4
Another trailblazer but in an entirely different domain, American KATHRINE SWITZER entered the
Boston Marathon 50 years ago despite the fact women were not allowed to officially compete – as
they were considered too ‘fragile’ for long-distance running. She was insulted and even attacked by one
official who tried to remove her bib number, and was eventually disqualified even though she reached
the finishing line. This, however, sparked a clamour for equality and five years later in 1972, the Boston
Marathon finally allowed women to enter, and in 1984 this was followed by women being able to
participate in the Olympic Games’ long-distance races and marathons.

70
5 KATHARINE
HEPBURN
Four-time Oscar winner and one
of the ﬁercest and most fearless
stars of Old Hollywood

NATIONALITY: AMERICAN (1907-2003)

Who would have thought that wearing trousers was once received by any actor. And there’s been no one like her
a rebellious gesture? In the 1930s, a time when women since. Eccentric and unconventional, confident and
could be arrested if they wore them in public, Hollywood outspoken, Katharine Hepburn was a movie star ahead of
icon Katharine Hepburn did just that. Despite the pressure her time as she pioneered the image of a strong, modern,
to conform to traditional movie roles for women, she independent woman.
challenged the norm and was not afraid to show her
‘masculine’ style, as well as her headstrong personality.
From her first screen appearance in 1932, when she
achieved stardom almost overnight aged 24, to her last
in 1994, Katharine had a six-decade long, prolific career
– although it was not without its controversy. Her sense
of style was one thing, but her no-nonsense attitude was
another. A free spirit, she famously once said, ‘If you obey
WORDS: ANNE GUILLOT. ILLUSTRATION (LEFT) SHUTTERSTOCK.COM. PHOTOS: ALAMY.COM/GETTY.COM

all the rules, you miss all the fun.’

Self-assured and stubborn, Katharine refused to play
the PR game, insisting on doing her own stunts, wearing
trousers in private and (shockingly) in public, and choosing
not to wear make-up. She was like nobody else, and her
differences made her a star – as well as an outcast. Her
behaviour was criticised in the press and, at one point
labelled a ‘box office poison’, she had to fight hard to win
the critics over and be accepted by the industry.
She finally became one of the most enduring legends
in cinema history, still holding the record for most Oscars

‘You can’t change the

music of your soul’
71
JK ROWLING
A wizard of an author who’s put
the world under her spell

NATIONALITY: BRITISH (1965-PRESENT)

Who: One of the most beloved authors of this generation free-thinking females who are not afraid to speak their
thanks to her Harry Potter series. minds. She says, ‘I consider myself to be a feminist, and I’d
Why she inspires us: She is living proof that if you find and always wanted to show that just because a woman has made
follow your passion you can achieve success. a choice, a free choice to say, “Well, I’m going to raise my
family and that’s going to be my choice. I may go back to a
career, I may have a career part time, but that’s my choice.”
Once upon a time This doesn’t mean that that’s all she can do.’
JK Rowling was born in Yate, Gloucestershire, in 1965.
The J of her name stands for Joanne, but she doesn’t Be yourself
have a middle name. The K she uses is for Kathleen, her Rowling has also spoken out in favour of gay rights and
grandmother. After attending school in Chepstow, she gender equality and addressed the body image debate.
applied to go to Oxford University but wasn’t accepted. ‘I’d rather [my children] were independent, interesting
She achieved her BA in French and Classics at Exeter. idealistic, kind, opinionated, original, funny – a thousand
While working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for things, before thin. And frankly, I’d rather they didn’t give a
Amnesty International in 1990, the budding author came gust of stinking Chihuahua flatulence whether the woman
up with the idea for her first Harry Potter novel while on a standing next to them has fleshier knees than they do.’
delayed train from Manchester to London. Rowling began Rowling has also inspired many others by speaking out
writing almost immediately, but she faced much upheaval in about having depression. She suffered while living as a
the years that followed. Her mother died of multiple sclerosis near-poverty single mum as she wrote the first Harry Potter
and, as a single mum, she found herself on benefits. Yet novel. Seeking help from a doctor and having therapy helped
feeling as though she had hit rock bottom only made Rowling her. ‘I have never been remotely ashamed of having been
more determined to finish her book. depressed. Never,’ she said in an interview. ‘What’s to be
Rowling finished her first novel in 1995 but 12 successive ashamed of? I went through a really rough time and I am
publishing houses rejected the manuscript. She refused quite proud that I got out of that.’
to give up and a year later Bloomsbury gave it the green

WORDS (THIS PAGE): DONNA FINDLAY. PHOTOGRAPH: MARY MCCARTNEY 2015

light. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone appeared on
bookshelves all around the world and the rest is history.
Six sequels have followed and a blockbusting ﬁlm franchise,
and Rowling has also gone on to write books for adult
readers. The Casual Vacancy was published in 2012, and
under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith she’s penned
‘We do not need magic to
three crime ﬁction novels, The Cuckoo’s Calling (2013), The
Silkworm (2014) and Career of Evil (2015). change the world, we carry
Speaking up
Rowling is a role model for the way she made her dream of
all the power we need inside
writing come true and inspiring millions to love reading and
writing, but she has also created excellent female role models
ourselves already: we have
in her characters. Hermione Granger, Professor McGonagall,
Luna Lovegood – all three are intelligent, independent, the power to imagine better’
72
BE INSPIRED
JK Rowling is one of the richest people in Britain thanks to her spellbinding Harry Potter
book series. But wealth and success didn’t come easy and she had to overcome many obstacles
to get to where she is today. Here are just a few of the reasons she is so inspirational...

She was the ﬁrst author to become a billionaire.

This is encouraging not just to authors, or because of how much money she has made, but because it shows
that if you have a vision and you work hard and keep at it, anything is possible.

She was the ﬁrst person to lose her billionaire status because of charity donations.
Having joined the billionaires’ club, JK Rowling left it again because she gave away so much money to
charity. She has said in past interviews that giving back should be a priority for everyone: ‘You have a moral
responsibility when you’ve been given far more than you need, to do wise things with it and give intelligently.’
Imagine how diﬀerent the world would be if all billionaires thought that way?

Even though 12 publishers rejected Harry Potter, she didn’t give up.
Self-belief in the face of such overwhelming rejection must have been tough. It can be hard to stay positive
when something doesn’t work out the way you hoped. Living on beneﬁts, trying to write as a single mum,
facing multiple setbacks – she overcame adversity and reached her goal.

She isn’t afraid to stand up for what she believes in.

JK Rowling often speaks out in public about things that matter to her. She uses the voice that fame has given
her to stand up against social injustice and inequality.

WHAT IS YOUR DREAM?

JK Rowling had a big dream and worked hard to make it come true. What are your own dreams for...

...the year ahead? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

...the next 10 years? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

...your lifetime? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

73
ROSALIND
FRANKLIN
The unsung heroine of DNA

NATIONALITY: BRITISH (1920-1958)

Who: The British scientist whose crucial contribution to

science went unrecognised for many years.
Why she inspires us: Her work paved the way for the
discovery of the structure of DNA.
photographs of DNA, they found that it had two forms –
Born the second of five children to wealthy Anglo-Jewish wet and dry. The picture of the wet form, known simply as
Londoners Ellis and Muriel Franklin, Rosalind Elsie Franklin Photograph 51, became famous as the key to identifying its
was sent by her parents to the city’s forward-thinking St structure. Meanwhile, two other scientists who were trying
Paul’s School for Girls, which promoted a career path for its to build a model of DNA in Cambridge, Francis Crick and
pupils rather than just marriage. From an early age, Rosalind James Watson, were shown Rosalind’s photograph by Wilkins.
demonstrated an aptitude for science and her mother noted Although it gave them the evidence they needed to complete
she always knew where she was going in life. In 1938, she their model, Watson and Crick never acknowledged their
enrolled at Newnham, one of two women’s colleges at debt to her work when they published their findings in 1953.
Cambridge University, to study physics and chemistry. Along with Wilkins, they won a Nobel Prize for it in 1962.
After graduating, Rosalind spent four years working for the
British Coal Utilisation Research Association. She became the The legacy
first chemist to identify and measure the micro-structures of Rosalind went on to carry out pioneering research into
coal, which became her PhD thesis. Throughout this time, viruses, but was diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 1956 and
World War Two was raging and she spent her spare time as a died two years later, aged only 37. There is little doubt that

WORDS: KIM SMITH. ILLUSTRATION: MATT CHINWORTH. PHOTOGRAPH: MUSEUM OF LONDON

volunteer air raid warden. had her career not been cut so tragically short, she would
have received the recognition she deserved. Rosalind’s
The discovery of DNA contribution to the breakdown of DNA – the genetic code
After the war, Rosalind began searching for diﬀerent work to all living things – is said to be the greatest scientiﬁc
and won a position at a laboratory in Paris. It was run by an breakthrough of the 20th century. Numerous articles and
eminent French scientist called Jacques Méring, who taught several documentaries have attempted to redress the wrong
her a ground-breaking technique called X-ray crystallography. that was done to her.
Using X-rays to detect the shape of molecules and atoms,
it played a vital role in her later research that led to the
discovery of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In 1951, Rosalind
returned to England to work in John T Randall’s Biophysics DID YOU KNOW?
Unit at King’s College, London. He originally planned to Nicole Kidman played Rosalind in a West End
have her build up a crystallography section. However, at the play called Photograph 51 in 2015 and is now
suggestion of assistant lab chief Maurice Wilkins, she was considering reprising the role on the big screen.
asked instead to investigate DNA. The actress is said to be such a great admirer,
Unfortunately, a misunderstanding meant Rosalind fell she hopes shining a light on Rosalind’s story will
out with Wilkins and the pair began working independently. make her more mainstream.
In 1952, Rosalind and a student called Raymond Gosling
made an amazing discovery. Taking increasingly clear X-ray

74
75
WHEN YOU COME ACROSS SOMEONE WHO INSPIRES
YOU, CUT OUT THEIR PICTURE AND STICK IT HERE
MYSTERY 1 Bill. If you read the message upside down, you’ll notice that the numbers resemble letters and that those letters
form legible sentences. The message is ‘Bill is boss. He sells oil.’

MYSTERY 2 Harry Potter, like all other books, has odd-numbered pages on the right. Therefore, pages 15 and 16 are the front
and back of a single page, and nothing could have been found between them.

Teen Breathe Special Inspiring Women (ISSN 2515-6683) is published by GMC Publications Ltd, 86 High Street, Lewes, East Sussex BN7 1XN
Tel: +44 (0) 1273 477374 For editorial enquiries: hello@breathemagazine.com
Editorial: Susie Duﬀ • Publisher: Jonathan Grogan • Distribution: Seymour Distribution Ltd • Printer: Precision Colour Printers
Views and comments expressed by individuals do not necessarily represent those of the publishers and no legal responsibility can be accepted for the result of the use by readers of
information or advice of whatever kind given in this publication. The publisher cannot accept responsibility for, or shall be liable for, any accident, injury, loss or damage, including any
consequential loss that results from using the ideas, information, procedures or advice oﬀered in this book. The information supplied in book extracts is the responsibility of the book’s
original publisher. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the Guild of
Master Craftsman Publications Ltd. © Guild of Master Craftsman Publications Ltd 2018.
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