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EARTHQUAKE

An earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates along fault lines in Earth's crust. During an earthquake, it is important to drop, cover, and hold on until shaking stops. After an earthquake, check for injuries, hazards like gas leaks, listen to authorities, and be prepared for potential aftershocks. Earthquake hazards can include aftershocks, liquefaction, tsunamis, structural damage, fires, and potential disease outbreaks due to damage to infrastructure.

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27 views3 pages

EARTHQUAKE

An earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates along fault lines in Earth's crust. During an earthquake, it is important to drop, cover, and hold on until shaking stops. After an earthquake, check for injuries, hazards like gas leaks, listen to authorities, and be prepared for potential aftershocks. Earthquake hazards can include aftershocks, liquefaction, tsunamis, structural damage, fires, and potential disease outbreaks due to damage to infrastructure.

Uploaded by

josharceno07
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EARTHQUAKE

(1) What is earthquake?


- An earthquake is an intense shaking of Earth’s surface. The shaking is caused by movements in Earth’s
outermost layer.
(2) Why do earthquakes happen?
- Tectonic plates are constantly shifting as they drift around on the viscous, or slowly flowing, mantle
layer below. This non-stop movement causes stress on Earth’s crust. When the stresses get too large, it
leads to cracks called faults. When tectonic plates move, it also causes movements at the faults. An
earthquake is the sudden movement of Earth’s crust at a fault line. The location where an earthquake
begins is called the epicenter. An earthquake’s most intense shaking is often felt near the epicenter.
However, the vibrations from an earthquake can still be felt and detected hundreds, or even thousands of
miles away from the epicenter.
(3) What To Do:
BEFORE
These are several methods of reducing earthquake risks, including:
a. Retrofitting existing buildings - older buildings may not be designed to withstand earthquakes,
so retrofitting can strengthen the structure and make it more resilient to seismic activity
b. Implementing building codes and regulations - Governments can enforce building codes and
regulations to ensure that new buildings are designed and constructed to withstand earthquakes.
c. Early warning systems - Earthquake early warning systems use seismic sensors to detect
earthquake waves and provide alerts to people in affected areas, allowing them time to take action
to protect themselves.
d. Educating the public - Education and public awareness campaigns can inform people about
earthquake risks and what they can do to prepare for and respond to earthquakes.
Interpreting earthquake/seismic hazard involves assessing the potential risk of earthquakes in a
particular area. This involves analyzing data on the frequency, magnitude, and location of past
earthquakes, as well as geological and geophysical data that can provide insights into the potential for
future seismic activity.
The following are some of the key factors that are considered when interpreting earthquake/seismic
hazard:
a. Historical seismicity - Analysis of past earthquake data can provide insights into the frequency,
magnitude, and location of earthquakes in a particular area.
b. Geologic setting - The geological setting of an area can affect the potential for earthquakes.
Areas with active faults or other geological features that can generate seismic activity are at
higher risk.
c. Seismicity of nearby regions - The seismicity of nearby regions can also affect the potential for
earthquakes in a particular area

DURING
During an earthquake, it is important to remain calm and take action to protect yourself. Immediately drop
to the ground, take cover under a sturdy desk or table, and hold on until the shaking stops.
Things to do during earthquake
a. If you are in a high-rise building, drop, cover, and hold on, then move away from windows and
outside walls, and stay in the center of the room.
b. If you are outdoors, move away from buildings, trees, and power lines. Stay in the open until the
shaking stops and it is safe to move.
Things not to do during earthquake
a. Do not run outside or to other rooms during shaking: To stay away from this danger zone, stay
inside if you are inside and outside if you are outside. Also, shaking can be so strong that you will
not be able to move far without falling, and objects may fall or be thrown at you that you do not
expect.
b. Do not stand in the doorway: Doorways are no stronger than any other part of the house, and the
doorway does not protect you from the most likely source of injury-falling. You also not be able
to grace yourself in the door during strong shaking. You are safe under a table
c. Do not use your telephone, EXCEPT for medical or fire emergencies: You could tie up lines
needed for emergency response.
d. Do not use matches, lighters, camp stores or barbecues, electrical equipment, appliances UNTIL
you are sure there are no gas leaks. They may create a spark that could ignite leaking gas cause an
explosion and fire.
e. Do not expect firefighters, police or paramedics to help you. They may not be available.

AFTER
After an earthquake, it’s important to take appropriate actions to ensure your safety and well-being. Here
are some things to do after an earthquake.
a. Check yourself and others for injuries: Assess yourself and those around you for any injuries.
If anyone is injured, seek medical assistance immediately.
b. Listen to authorities: Stay tuned to the news and follow instructions from authorities on where
to go, what to do, and what not to do.
c. Check for hazards: Look around for any hazards, such as gas leaks, downed power lines, and
structural damage. If you suspect any danger, evacuate the area immediately.
d. Be prepared for aftershocks: Be prepared for aftershocks, which can occur for several days
after the initial earthquake. Be ready to take cover again if necessary.
e. Evacuate if necessary: If you are in a coastal area, move to higher ground in case of a tsunami.
If there is structural damage to the building, evacuate immediately.
Hazards after an earthquake can include a range of potential dangers and risks that can affect people,
infrastructure, and the environment. Some of the hazards that can occur after an earthquake include:
a. Aftershocks: After an earthquake, there is often a period of time where smaller earthquakes,
known as aftershocks, occur. These can cause further damage to buildings and infrastructure that
may already be weakened from the initial earthquake.
b. Liquefaction: Earthquakes can cause soil to lose its strength and stiffness, resulting in a
phenomenon known as liquefaction. This can cause the ground to behave like a liquid, leading to
landslides, rockfalls and damage to buildings.
c. Tsunamis: In coastal areas, earthquakes can trigger tsunamis, which are large ocean waves that
can cause damage to buildings and infrastructure.
d. Structural damage: Earthquakes can cause damage to buildings and infrastructure, spreading
rubble, glass and debris so it’s best to distance yourself from buildings after an earthquake.
e. Fire: Earthquakes can cause gas leaks, electrical fires, and other types of fires due to damage
caused by collapsing buildings.
f. Disease outbreak: Though uncommon, it is still possible after an earthquake, as the seismic
activity may be a risk of disease outbreak due to damage to the water and sanitation systems.

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