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Self Induction

Self-inductance is defined as the induction of a voltage in a current-carrying wire when the current in the wire itself is changing. An inductor is a circuit element possessing inductance, and a coil of wire is a common inductor. Inductive reactance is the reduction of current flow in a circuit due to induction, where the induced current opposes the change in current that caused it according to Lenz's Law.

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Shakawat Hossain Shifat
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252 views7 pages

Self Induction

Self-inductance is defined as the induction of a voltage in a current-carrying wire when the current in the wire itself is changing. An inductor is a circuit element possessing inductance, and a coil of wire is a common inductor. Inductive reactance is the reduction of current flow in a circuit due to induction, where the induced current opposes the change in current that caused it according to Lenz's Law.

Uploaded by

Shakawat Hossain Shifat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Self-Inductance and Inductive Reactance

After reading this section you will be able to do the following:

 Describe what self-inductance

is.

 Understand what an inductor

is and how it appears in circuits.

The property of self-inductance

is a particular form of electromagnetic induction

. Self inductance
is defined as the induction
of a voltage
in a current-carrying wire when the current
in the wire itself is changing. In the case of self-inductance
, the magnetic field
created by a changing current
in the circuit
itself induces a voltage
in the same circuit
. Therefore, the voltage
is self-induced.
The term inductor

is used to describe a circuit


element possessing the property of inductance
and a coil
of wire is a very common inductor
. In circuit diagrams
, a coil
or wire is usually used to indicate an inductive component. Taking a closer look at a coil
will help understand the reason that a voltage
is induced in a wire carrying a changing current
. The alternating current
running through the coil
creates a magnetic field
in and around the coil
that is increasing and decreasing as the current
changes. The magnetic field
forms concentric loops that surround the wire and join to form larger loops that
surround the coil
as shown in the image below. When the current
increases in one loop
the expanding magnetic field
will cut across some or all of the neighboring loops of wire, inducing a voltage
in these loops. This causes a voltage
to be induced in the coil
when the current
is changing.

By studying this image of a coil

, it can be seen that the number of turns in the coil


will have an effect on the amount of voltage
that is induced into the circuit
. Increasing the number of turns or the rate of change of magnetic flux
increases the amount of induced voltage
. Therefore, Faraday's Law
must be modified for a coil
of wire and becomes the following.
��=�����

Where:

VL = induced voltage

in volts
N = number of turns in the coil

���� = rate of change of magnetic flux

in webers/second
The equation simply states that the amount of induced voltage

(VL) is proportional to the number of turns in the coil


and the rate of change of the magnetic flux
(����). In other words, when the frequency
of the flux is increased or the number of turns in the coil
is increased, the amount of induced voltage
will also increase.
In a circuit

, it is much easier to measure current


than it is to measure magnetic flux
, so the following equation can be used to determine the induced voltage
if the inductance
and frequency
of the current
are known. This equation can also be reorganized to allow the inductance
to be calculated when the amount of inducted voltage
can be determined and the current
frequency
is known.
��=�����

Where:

VL = the induced voltage


in volts (V)
L = the value of inductance

in henries

(H)
di/dt = the rate of change of current

in amperes per second (A/s)


Lenz's Law
Soon after Faraday proposed his law of induction

, Heinrich Lenz developed a rule for determining the direction of the induced current
in a loop
. Basically, Lenz's law
states that an induced current
has a direction such that its magnetic field
opposes the change in magnetic field
that induced the current
. This means that the current
induced in a conductor will oppose the change in current
that is causing the flux to change. Lenz's law
is important in understanding the property of inductive reactance
, which is one of the properties measured in eddy current testing

.
Inductive Reactance
The reduction of current

flow in a circuit
due to induction
is called inductive reactance
. By taking a closer look at a coil
of wire and applying Lenz's law
, it can be seen how inductance
reduces the flow of current
in the circuit
. In the image below, the direction of the primary current
is shown in red, and the magnetic field
generated by the current
is shown in blue. The direction of the magnetic field
can be determined by taking your right hand and pointing your thumb in the direction
of the current
. Your fingers will then point in the direction of the magnetic field
. It can be seen that the magnetic field
from one loop
of the wire will cut across the other loops in the coil
and this will induce current
flow (shown in green) in the circuit
. According to Lenz's law
, the induced current
must flow in the opposite direction of the primary current
. The induced current
working against the primary current
results in a reduction of current
flow in the circuit
.
It should be noted that the inductive reactance

will increase if the number of winds in the coil


is increased since the magnetic field
from one coil
will have more coils to interact with.
Similarly to resistance

, inductive reactance
reduces the flow of current
in a circuit
. However, it is possible to distinguish between resistance
and inductive reactance
in a circuit
by looking at the timing between the sine waves of the voltage
and current
of the alternating current
. In an AC circuit
that contains only resistive components, the voltage
and the current
will be in-phase, meaning that the peaks and valleys of their sine waves will occur at the
same time. When there is inductive reactance
present in the circuit
, the phase of the current
will be shifted so that its peaks and valleys do not occur at the same time as those of
the voltage.
Review

1. Self inductance

is defined as the induction

of a voltage

in a current-carrying wire when the current

in the wire itself is changing.

2. Current

is easier to measure than magnetic flux

so equations can be used to relate current

, voltage

, and inductance

3. Inductive reactance

is the reduction in current

flow in a circuit

due to induction

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