Example 3.1 0.1 dm3 of water containing 0.

1g of iodine is shaken
dm3 of carbon tetrachloride. The distribution coefficient
with 0.075 dm3
ietween carbon tetrachloride and water at room
temperature is 858%
 Metbods S e p a r a t i o n - 1
101

the weight of dine remaining unextracted in the aqueous layer

iodi
C a k c u l a r

extraction with 0.075 dm° of CCl (i) three

(i) one extractions with
after
of CCl
0025 dm

Sohution:
From cquation (3.5)
i)
V
W Dr, + V W,

en D - 85, V -0.1 dm, t,0.075 dm, W - 0.1 g

0.1
Wi 0.1
85 x 0.075+0.1

6.475 X 0.1

1.54x 103g
ii) From equation (3.7)

W - (Y+V/ W
grven D 85; V = 0.1 dm3; V, = 0 . 0 2 5 dm3; n = 3; W = 0.1g

. 1 0.1 x0.1
85 x 0.025 + 0.1
-(0.04494) x 0.1
9.07 x 106g
solution of Fes* is to be
Exampe 3.2: 0.05 dm3 of a 0.25 M
quilibrated with 0.005 dm3 of ether in each extraction. How
many

of Fe*" in the
AUactions are necessary so as to bring the concentration
Fe3* is 17.6 in favour
ueous layer to 1 x 10:5 M. The distribution ratio of
of ether.

Solution:
From equation (3.7)

V
W- Dv,+
17.6
Given: 0.05 dm ,
-
0.005 dm, D -

From the initial

ini concentration 0.25M, W can be calculated as follows,
in moles.

1 dm 0.25 M

0.25 x 0.05
0.05 dm =

= 0.0125 mol.
102

Similarly for W.
1dm 10 M,

105 x 0.05
0.05 dm 5x 107 mol.

Substituting
0.05 . .0.0125
107 +0.05
x \17.6 x 0.005
0.05 0.0125
o.138
4 x 10-5 (0.3623)"

105 nlog 0.3623

log4 x
log4x 105
log 0.3623

5.6021
1.5591
- 4.3079

-0.4409
9.77
10
concentration ot
1 0 extractions necessary to bring
are down the
Fe3 in the aqueous solution to 1 x 10* M.
and
Example 3.3 The distribution ratio D for an organic solvent
the
water for a given solute is 20 in favour of organic solvent. Calculate

percentage extraction for a volume ratio of () 1 for a single

extraction. (i) 10 for two successive extractions.
Solution
i)According to equation (3.13)
100. D
E (percentage extraction) Given D20 Vo 11
Given
Vo
100x 20
Subsituting, E 20+1
95.24
 S e p a r a t i o n
-
1

Methods o
to equation (3.14)
According
ii)
E 100

1
E 100 1
i.e s

Given D =20;
l'o
20: Vaq = 10; n = 2

Suhstituting
1
E 100
20 x 10x +1/

99.99
1.5 g of
200 cm° of aqueous solution containing
an
Example 3.4 :
cm3 portions of an
extracted a number of times with 20
solute 'A is in favour of organic phase is
60.
Distribution ratio
solvent. of the
organic to bring the amount
number of extractions required
Calculate the (5M) (Nov. 2000)

solute in aqueous phase 0.03 g.

Solution:
cms, w,, 0.03 g, W =1.5 g.
=

200 cm3, 20
Given: D =
60, V =

W
W D +V
200 1.5
0.03 \60 x 20 + 200/

T-(0.1429)"
0.02 (0.1429)"

n = 2 trom 100 mL
removed
solute is
percent of a
of organic
3.5: Ninety six twice 50 mL portions
ple with favour of organic
of extraction
in
aqueous solutior by ratio of
the solute
M) (May
2001)
solvent
solvent What is the distribution (4
olvent?
Solven

Solution: =
2, tb 50 ml.

V =100 mL, n
be I unit
ven: E =
96%, solution

solute in 100
mL of aqueous
a l amount of

. E = 100
 Analytical Che

100
96 100 50 D + 100/

96 100
1-501D+ 100
, 100
0.6 1 \50D + 100/

100
50D100100 1 - 0.96 = 0.04

100
OD+ 100 .2

100 0.2 (50D + 100)

100 1OD 20
1 0 D= 80
D 8

Example 3.6: 200 cm of

aqueous solution containing 100 mg. o
an
a solute is treated with an immiscible
organic solvent. The distribution
ratio D of the solute in favour of
organic solvent is 22. If 15 cm3 of
organic solvent is to be used at a time, calculate the minimum
extractions required so that no more than 1
number of
mg of solute remains in the
aqueous solution.
5m) (May 2002
Solution:
D 22. V 200 cm3, 15 cms, W =100 mg Wn =
l mg.

D +V W
-
22x 15+ 200 100 x 100
=

(0.3774)" x 100
0.01 (0.3774)
n= 4.73

Example 3.7: In a certain solvent

the extraction
solvent in favour of the organic solvent the distribution ratio
is 25.
extraction if a single extraction Calculate the percentas
is carried out
using volume ratio (i)
0.5 and ii) =8
5M) (Nov. 200
Solution
Given:D -
25, n 1,
()-
-

V 0.5 and (i)

-8.
 Separation -

1
Methoxds f
100 D
E
106
D

100 25
25
0.5

- 92.59%

100 D
11 E
V
D

100 x25
25

2500
25.125
= 99.50%
Example 3.8 : 200 cm portion of an aqueous solution
mole of certain solute is extracted
a 0.5 containing

the
twice with 25 cm of ether. Calculate
)
amount of solute
remaining unextracted (i) the perventage
extraction. (Given Do/W = 12.0)
5M) (March 2003)
Solution
Given: V 200 cm, t - 25 cm', D 12, n - 2
From the initial concentration 0.05 mole, w can be calkulated as
follows, in moles.
1000 cm = 0.05

0.05x 200
200 cm =
1000

0.01 mol

V
W
200 x 0.01
W2 2 x 25+ 200
(0.4) x0.01
-0.016
106 Analytical Cbemistr

ii) E 1001- Do*

200
100L1 2x
\12 x 25- 200
25 200/ J
100 1 - (0.4) ]
100 I1 -0.16)
100 [0.841
- 84%