ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

MASTER OF SCIENCE
M.Sc. Mathematics
DEGREE COURSE
UNDER CBCS
(2021-2022)

The Course of Study and the Scheme of Examination

Study Components ins. Maximum Marks
Sl.
hrs / Credit Title of the Paper
No. Course Title week Uni.
CIA Total
SEMESTER I Exam

1 Paper -1 6 5 Algebra-I 25 75 100

2 Core Paper -2 6 5 Real Analysis –I 25 75 100
3 Paper -3 6 4 Ordinary Differential Equations 25 75 100
Internal Elective for same major students (Choose any one)
Paper-1 A.Probability Theory
Core
4 6 3 B. Mechanics 25 75 100
Elective
C. Graph Theory
External Elective for other major students (Inter/multi disciplinary papers)
5 Open Elective Paper-1 6 3 A.Basic Mathematics 25 75 100
B.Mathematical Foundations
C.Mathematical Modeling
30 20

Uni.
SEMESTER II CIA Total
Exam
6 Paper-4 6 5 Algebra-II 25 75 100
Core
7 Paper-5 6 5 Real Analysis –II 25 75 100
8 Paper-6 6 4 Partial Differential Equations 25 75 100
Internal Elective for same major students (Choose any one)
Paper-2 A.Mathematical Statistics
Core
9 5 3 B. Fuzzy Set Theory 25 75 100
Elective
C. Difference Equations
External Elective for other major students (Inter/multi disciplinary papers)
10 Open Elective Paper-2 5 3 A.Fundamentals of Insurance
B.Numerical Methods 25 75 100
C. Fundamentals of Business Statistics
11 *Field Study - 2 100 - 100
12 Compulsory Paper 2 2 Human Rights & Duties 25 75 100
30 24

1
* Field Study

There will be field study which is compulsory in the first semester of all PG courses with 2 credits.
This field study should be related to the subject concerned with social impact. Field and Topic
should be registered by the students in the first semester of their study along with the name of a
mentor before the end of the month of August. The report with problem identification and proposed
solution should be written in not less than 25 pages in a standard format and it should be submitted
at the end of second semester. The period for undergoing the field study is 30 hours beyond the
instructional hours of the respective programme. Students shall consult their mentors within campus
and experts outside the campus for selecting the field and topic of the field study. The following
members may be nominated for confirming the topic and evaluating the field study report.
(i). Head of the respective department
(ii). Mentor
(iii). One faculty from other department

2
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
MASTER OF SCIENCE
M.Sc. MATHEMATICS
DEGREE COURSE
Syllabus
UNDER CBCS
(2021-2022)

Name of the Course : Algebra-1 Credits :5

Paper type : Core Hours of teaching : 90 hrs
Course Objectives
The objectives of the course is to
 study and develop the concepts group action
 learn the importance of Sylow’s theorems and its applications
 introducing structure theorem on abelian groups and studying its application
 learn the basic concepts and ideas of modules and its properties
 understand various canonical forms of transformations
 learn about the properties of matrix of transformations.
UNIT-1: Group Theory 18 hours

Another counting principle - class equation for finite groups and its applications - Sylow's
theorems (For theorem 2.12.1, Only First proof) (Chapter 2: Sections 2.11 and 2.12)

UNIT-2: Group Theory (Continuation) 18 hours

Direct products - Finite abelian groups (Chapter 2: Sections 2.13 and 2.14 (Only Theorem
2.14.1)

UNIT-3:Ring Theory 18 hours

Polynomial Rings – Polynomials over the Rational Field (Chapter 3: Sections 3.9 to 3.10)

UNIT-4: Modules and Linear Transformations 18 hours

Modules –LinearTransformations: Nilpotent transformations - Jordan form - rational

canonical form. (Chapter 4: Section 4.5, Chapter 6: Sections 6.5to 6.7)

UNIT-5: Linear Transformations 18 hours

Hermitian, unitary, normal transformations, real quadratic form.

3
(Chapter 6: Sections 6.10 and 6.11)
Prescribed Book

I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, 2nd Edition. Wiley.1975

Reference Books

1. D.S.Dummit and R.M.Foote. Abstract Algebra. Wiley 2003

2. M. Artin , Algebra, Prentice Hall of India, 1991
3. J.A. Gallian. Contemporary Abstract Algebra. 4th Edition. Narosa Publishing 2011
4. P.B.Battacharya, S.K.Jain, and S.R.Nagpaul, Basic Abstract Algebra(II Edition)
Cambridge University Press, 1997.(Indian Edition)
5. I.S. Luther and I.B.S.Passi, Algebra, Vol.I – Groups(1996), Vol. II Rings, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, 1999.
6. L. Smith,Linear transformation: Example and Applications. In: Linear
Algebra,Undergraduate texts in Mathematics, Springer, New york. NY, 1998.

E- Materials

1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111108098/
2. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/Lecture-notes/
3. https://mathdoctorbob.org/Algebra.html/

Course Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

 demonstrate ability to think group actions critically by Cayley’s theorem and apply
the Sylow’s theorems to describe the structure of certain finite abelian groups
 know the internal and external direct product of groups. Also, apply the structure
theorem on abelian groups to find the non-isomorphic abelian groups of certain
orders.
 check the irreducibility of a given polynomial
 know about module and difference between the algebraic structures, Group, Ring
and Module.
 know the Linear transformation in canonical forms. Also, the matrix form of linear
transformation and its properties.

4
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme: M.Sc. Mathematics Semester: I

Name of the Course: Real Analysis I Credits: 5
Paper type: Core Hours of teaching: 90hrs
Course Objectives
The objectives of the course is to
 work comfortably with functions of bounded variation
 study the Riemann - StieltjesIntegration
 study the convergence of infinite series, infinite product and uniform convergence
and its interplay between various limiting operations.
UNIT-1: Functions of Bounded Variation 18 hours
Introduction - Properties of monotonic functions - Functions of bounded variation – Total
variation - Additive property of total variation - Total variation on [a, x] as a function of x -
Functions of bounded variation expressed as the difference of two increasing functions -
Continuous functions of bounded variation. (Chapter - 6 : Sections 6.1 to 6.8)
UNIT-2: The Riemann - Stieltjes Integral 18 hours
Introduction - Notation - The definition of the Riemann - Stieltjes integral – Linear
Properties - Integration by parts- Change of variable in a Riemann - Stieltjes integral -
Reduction to a Riemann Integral - Euler’s summation formula - Monotonically increasing
integrators, Upper and lower integrals - Additive and linearity properties of upper and lower
integrals - Riemann's condition. (Chapter - 7 : Sections 7.1 to 7.13)
UNIT-3: The Riemann-Stieltjes Integral 18 hours
Integrators of bounded variation-Sufficient conditions for the existence of Riemann Stieltjes
integrals-Necessary conditions for the existence of Riemann-Stieltjes integrals Mean value
theorems for Riemann - Stieltjes integrals - The integrals as a function of the interval -
Second fundamental theorem of integral calculus-Change of variable in a Riemann integral-
Second Mean Value Theorem for Riemann integral-Riemann-Stieltjes integrals depending
on a parameter-Differentiation under the integral sign. (Chapter - 7: 7.15 to 7.24)
UNIT-4: Infinite Series and Infinite Products 18 hours
Absolute and conditional convergence - Dirichlet's test and Abel's test – Rearrangement of
series - Riemann's theorem on conditionally convergent series. Double sequences - Double
series - Rearrangement theorem for double series - A sufficient condition for equality of
iterated series - Multiplication of series - Cesarosummability – Infinite products.
(Chapter 8: Sections 8.8, 8.15, 8.17, 8.18, 8.20, 8.21 to 8.26)
UNIT-5: Sequence of Functions 18 hours

5
Pointwise convergence of sequences of functions - Examples of sequences of real - valued
functions - Definition of uniform convergence - Uniform convergence and continuity - The
Cauchy condition for uniform convergence - Uniform convergence of infinite series of
functions - Uniform convergence and Riemann - Stieltjes integration - Uniform convergence
and differentiation - Sufficient condition for uniform convergence of a series - Mean
convergence.(Chapter - 9 Sec 9.1 to 9.6, 9.8, 9.10,9.11, 9.13)
Prescribed Book

Tom M. Apostol : Mathematical Analysis, 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing

Company Inc. New York, (1997).
Reference Books
1. R. G. Bartle, Real Analysis, (1976), John Wiley and sons Inc.
2. W. Rudin, Principle of Mathematical Analysis (1976), McGraw Hill Company, New
York.
3. S. C. Malik and SavitaArora, Mathematical Analysis (1991), Wiley Eastern Limited.
New Delhi.
4. Sanjay Arora and BansiLal, Introduction to Real Analysis (1991), SatyaPrakashan,
New Delhi.
5. A.L. Gupta and N. R. Gupta, Principle of Real Analysis (2003),Pearson Education.
E-Materials
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-100a-introduction-to-analysis-fall-2012/

Course Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 understand the concept of functions of bounded variation.
 Discuss the Riemann integration
and to solve its related problems.
 Analyse the sequences and series of function and their limits
 Acquire the knowledge of Infinite Series and Infinite products
 have knowledge of uniform convergence of sequence and series

6
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme: M.Sc. Mathematics Semester: I

Name of the Course: Ordinary Differential Equations Credits: 4
Paper type: Core Hours of teaching: 90hrs
Course Objectives
The objectives of the course is to
 familiarize students to understand the theory and methods of Ordinary Differential
Equations(ODEs).
 prepare students to apply and solve ODEs applications from various emerging
technologies.
 introduce the concepts and solving methods of Second and nthorder linear
differential equations.
 introduce the concepts and solving methods of differential equations with variable
coefficients and regular singular point.
 examine the existence and uniqueness of solutions of differentialequations.
UNIT–1: Linear Equations with Constant Coefficients 18 hours
Second order homogeneous equations - Initial value problems for second order - Linear
dependence and independence - A formula for the Wronskian -The non - homogeneous
equation of order two. (Chapter -2: sections 1 to 6)
UNIT-2: Linear Equations with Constant Coefficients(Continuation) 18 hours
Homogeneous equations of order n - Initial value problems for order n - equations with real
constants - Non-homogeneous equations of order n - Annihilator method - Algebra of
constant coefficient operators. (Chapter - 2: sections 7 to 12)
UNIT–3: Linear Equations with Variable Coefficients 18 hours
Initial value problems - Existence and Uniqueness theorems - Solutions to solve a non-
homogeneous equation – The Wronskian and linear independence - Reduction of the order
of homogeneous equations - Homogeneous equation with analytic coefficients - The
Legendre- Equation. (Chapter - 3: Sections 1 to 8)
UNIT–4: Linear Equations with Regular Singular Points 18 hours
Euler equation - Second order equations with regular singular points - general and
exceptional cases - Bessel equation. (Chapter - 4 : Sections 1 to 4 and 6 to 8)
UNIT-5: Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions to First Order Equations 18 hours
Equation with variables separated - Exact equations - The method of successive
approximations - The Lipschitz condition - Convergence of the successive approximations.
(Chapter - 5: Sections 1 to 6)

7
Prescribed Book

Earl A.Coddington, An introduction to ordinary differential equations (Indian

Reprint), Prentice- Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.

Reference Books

1. Williams E. Boyce and Richard C. DI Prima, Elementary differentialequations

and boundary value problems, John Wiley and sons, New York,1967.
2. George F Simmons, Differential equations with applications and historical notes,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,1974.
3. W.T.Reid, Ordinary differential equations, John Wiley and sons, New York,1971.
4. M.D.Raisinghania, Advanced differential equations, S.Chand& Company Ltd.
New Delhi,2001.
5. N.N.Lebedev,Specialfunctionsandtheirapplications,PrenticeHallofIndia, New
Delhi,1965.
E-Materials:
1. https://www.coursera.org/learn/ordinary-differential-equations
2. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-03-differential-equations-spring-
2010/
3. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111108081/
4. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-034-honors-differential-equations-
spring-2009/syllabus/
Course Learning Outcomes
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 solve Second order linear differential equations.
 solve nthorder differentialequations.
 solve differential equations with variablecoefficients.
 solve differential equations with regular singularpoints.
 examine the existence and uniqueness of solutions of differentialequations.
 apply ODE problems for real timeapplications.

8
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : M.Sc. Mathematics Semester :I

Name of the Course : Probability Theory Credits :3
Paper Type : Internal Elective Hours of Teaching : 90 hrs-------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 introduce the basic notions of experiments, events, probability, random variables and
probability distributions.
 give an insight about the various parameters and measures of the probability
distributions.
 educate the characteristic functions and its properties.
 inculcate the special types of discrete and continuous probability distributions.
 indoctrinate the strong theoretical background about the limit theorems and its
consequences.

Unit–1: Probability and Random Variables 18 Hours

Random Experiments – Sample Space – Random Events – Probability Axioms –
Conditional Probability – Mutual Exclusive Events – Independent Events – Addition and
Product Theorems on Probability – Theorem of Total Probability – Baye’s Theorem –
Random Variables – Probability Mass and Density Functions – Distribution Function – Joint
Distribution – Marginal Distribution – Conditional Distribution – Independent Random
Variables – Functions of Random Variables. (Chapter 1 – Sections: 1.1–1.7 and Chapter 2 –
Sections: 2.1–2.9)

Unit–2: Parameters of the Distribution 18 Hours

Mathematical Expectation – Moments – The Chebyshev Inequality – Absolute Moments –
Order Parameters – Moments of Random Vectors – Regression of the First and Second
Types. (Chapter 3 – Sections: 3.1–3.8)

Unit–3: Characteristic Functions 18 Hours

Properties of Characteristic Functions – Characteristic Functions and Moments – Semi-
Invariants – Characteristic Function of the Sum of the Independent Random Variables –
Determination of Distribution Function by the Characteristic Function – Characteristic
Function of Multidimensional Random Vectors – Probability Generating Functions.
(Chapter 4 – Sections: 4.1–4.7)

Unit–4: Speical Probability Distributions 18 Hours

Discrete Probability Distributions: One Point – Two Point – Bernoulli Trails – Binomial –
Poisson – Polya – Hypergeometric Distributions – Continuous Probability Distributions:
Uniform – Normal – Gamma – Beta – Cauchy – Laplace Distributions.
(Chapter 5 – Sections: 5.1–5.10)

9
Unit–5: Limit Theorems 18 Hours
Stochastic Convergence – Bernoulli Law of Large Numbers – Convergence of Sequence of
Distribution Functions – Levy-Cramer Theorems – The deMoivre-Laplace Theorem –
The Lindeberg-Levy Theorem – LapunovTheroem.
(Chapter 6 – Sections: 6.1–6.4 and 6.6–6.9)
Prescribed Book
M. Fisz, Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, 3rd Edition,John Wiley and
Sons Inc., New York, 1963.
Reference Books:
1. R.B. Ash, Real Analysis and Probability, Academic Press, New York, 1972.
2. K.L. Chung, A Course in Probability, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, New York, 1974.
3. R. Durrett, Probability: Theory and Examples, 5th Edition, Cambridge University
Press, New York, 2019.
4. V.K. Rohatgi and A.K.Md.E. Saleh, An Introduction to Probability Theory and
Mathematical Statistics, 2nd Edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
5. B.R. Bhat, Modern Probability Theory – An Introductory Textbook, 4th Edition, New
Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2014.

E-Materials:
1. https://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-012-introduction-to-probability-spring-2018/
2. https://www.coursera.org/learn/introductiontoprobability
3. https://swayam.gov.in/nd1_noc20_ma18/preview
Course Learning Outcomes
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 know the basic notions of experiments, events, probability, random variables and
probability distributions.
 comprehend the various parameters and measures of the probability distributions.
 understand the characteristic functions and its properties.
 acquire the special types of discrete and continuous probability distributions.
 procure the strong theoretical background about the limit theorems and its
consequences.

10
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : M.Sc. Mathematics Semester :I

Name of the Course : Mechanics Credits :3
Paper Type : Internal Elective Hours of Teaching: 90 hrs--------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Course
Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 study mechanical systems under generalized coordinate systems.
 study the details of virtual work.
 study energy and momentum.
 studythe concept of Hamilton, Lagrange.
UNIT-1 : Mechanical Systems 18 hours
The Mechanical system - Generalized coordinates - Constraints - Virtual work – Energy and
Momentum.(Chapter 1: Sections 1.1 to 1.5)
UNIT-2 : Lagrange's Equations 18 hours
Derivation of Lagrange's equations- Examples - Integrals of motion.(Chapter 2: Sections 2.1
to 2.3)
UNIT-3: Hamilton's Equations 18 hours
Hamilton's Principal - Hamilton's Equation - Other variational principle.
(Chapter 4: Sections 4.1 to 4.3)
UNIT-4: Hamilton-Jacobi Theory 18 hours
Hamilton Principal function - Hamilton-Jacobi Equation - Separability
(Chapter 5: Sections 5.1 to 5.3)
UNIT-5: Canonical Transformation 18 hours
Differential forms and generating functions - Lagrange and Poisson brackets. (Chapter 6:
Sections 6.1 to 6.3 (Omit section 6.2))
Prescribed Book
D. T. Greenwood, Classical Dynamics, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1985.
Reference Books:
1. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, (2nd Edition) Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi.
2. N.C.Rane and P.S.C.Joag, Classical Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill, 1991.
3. J.L.Synge and B.A.Griffth, Principles of Mechanics (3rd Edition) McGraw Hill
Book Co., New York, 1970.
E-Materials:

11
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-09-classical-mechanics-iii-fall-2014/
Course Learning Outcomes
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 know mechanical systems under generalized coordinate systems.
 know the Derivation of Lagrange's equations.
 know the Hamilton's Principle.
 know the Hamilton-Jacobi Equation and separability.
 know the Lagrange and Poisson brackets.

12
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : M.Sc. Mathematics Semester :I

Name of the Course : Graph Theory Credits :3
Paper Type : Internal Elective Hours of Teaching: 90 hrs-----
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 study and develop the basic concepts of Graphs
 know the properties of graph theory
 understand various applications of certain topics of graph theory
 formulate and prove central theorems about trees, matching, connectivity,
coloring and planarity of graphs.
 apply the graph theoretical approach to solve the problems that are modeled as
graphs

UNIT-1: Graphs, Subgraphsand Trees 18 hours

Graphs - Graph Isomorphism - The Incidence and Adjacency Matrices - Subgraphs - Vertex
Degrees - Paths and Connection - Cycles - Trees - Cut Edges and Bonds - Cut Vertices-
Cayley’s formula- Application: The shortest path problem ( Chapter 1: Section 1.1 - 1.8,
Chapter 2: Section 2.1 - 2.4)

UNIT-2: Connectivity, Euler Tours and Hamilton Cycles 18 hours

Connectivity - Blocks - Euler tours - Hamilton Cycles. Application: The travelling Salesman
Problem(Chapter 3: Section 3.1 - 3.3, Chapter 4: Section 4.1 - 4.2)

UNIT-3: Matchings, Edge Colourings 18 hours

Matchings - Matchings and Coverings in Bipartite Graphs –Perfect matchings- Edge
Colourings: Edge Chromatic Number - Vizing’s Theorem. Application: Optimal
Assignment Problem. (Chapter 5: Section 5.1 – 5.3, 5.5,Chapter 6:Section 6.1 - 6.2)

Unit-4: Independent Sets and Cliques, Vertex Colourings 18 hours

Independent sets - Ramsey’s Theorem – Vertex Colourings: Chromatic Number - Brooks’
Theorem – Hajos Conjecture- Chromatic polynomial. ( Chapter 7: Section 7.1 – 7.2
Chapter 8: Section 8.1 – 8.2, 8.4)
UNIT-V: Planar Graphs 18 hours
Plane and planar Graphs - Dual graphs - Euler’s Formula - The Five-Colour Theorem and
the Four-Colour Conjecture- Directed graphs.
(Chapter 9:Section 9.1 - 9.6(Omit 9.4, 9.5) and Chapter 10: Section 10.1)

Prescribed Book
J.A.Bondy and U.S.R. Murthy, Graph Theory and Applications, Macmillan, London,
1976.
Reference Books:

13
 1. NarsinghDeo, Graph Theory with applications to engineering and computer science,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,2001.
2. G.Chartrand and L.Lesniak, Graphs and Digraphs, Chapman and Hall, CRC, fourth
edition, 2005.
3. R.J. Wilson, Introduction to Graph Theory, Pearson Education, 4th Edition, 2004,
Indian Print. S
4. A. Choudum, A First Course in Graph Theory, MacMillan India Ltd. 1987.
5. J. Clark and D.A. Holton ,A First look at Graph Theory, Allied Publishers, New
Delhi, 1995.
6. A. Gibbons, Algorithmic Graph Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
1989.
E- Materials

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111106050/
Course Learning Outcomes
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 grasp features and properties of special graphs
 check the given graph is Eulerian or not. Also able to find the Eulerian circuit and
Hamiltonian paths of the given graph.
 find the matching/perfect matching, connectivity of given graphs
 find independent sets and chromatic number of a given graph
 apply coloring and planarity of graphs in real life problems.

14
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme:MA/M.Sc/M.Com Semester :I

Name of the Course : Basic Mathematics Credits :3 Paper Type
: Non-Major Elective Hours of Teaching: 90hrs------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 studyexponential and logarithmic series
 understandabout matrices and its applications
 formulate and solve the partial differential equations
 apply the results on Laplace transform
 learn the techniques on Fourier series.

Unit – 1: Exponential and Logarithmic series 18 hours

Exponential series – Logarithmic series (Chapter 1: Section 1.1 – 1.2)

Unit – 2: Matrices 18 hours

Determinant of a matrix – Characteristic equation of a matrix – Characteristic vectors of a
matrix – Cayley-Hamilton Theorem – Inverse of a matrix. (Chapter 4: Section 4.1 – 4.5)

UNIT-3: Partial Differential Equations 18 hours

Elimination of arbitrary constants – Elimination of arbitrary functions – Standard forms –
Lagrange’s Equations. (Chapter 9: Section 9.1 – 9.4)

UNIT-4: Laplace transforms 18 hours

Properties of Laplace transform – Inverse Laplace transform – Partial Fractions. (Chapter
10: Section 10.1 – 10.3)

Unit-5: Fourier Series 18 hours

Properties of Integration – Odd and Even Functions – Half Range Fourier Series. (Chapter
11: Section 11.1 – 11.3)

Prescribed Book
G. Britto Antony Xavier, V. Balaji, S.U. Vasantha Kumar, B. Govindan,
Mathematical Sciences, Jayalakshmi Publications, 2-e, 2015.
Reference Books:
1. P. Balasubramaniyam, K. G. Subramanian, Ancillary Mathematics, Volume – I, Tata
McGraw – Hill publishing company limited, New Delhi, 1996.
2. P. DuraiPandian, S. UdayaBaskaran, Allied Mathematics, Volume – I, Muhil
publishers, 1st Edition, Chennai, 1997.
3. P.Kandsamy and K. Thilagavathy, Allied Mathematics volume – I, Volume – II, S.
Chand & Company, New Delhi, 2004.
4. Shanti Narayan, P.K.Mittal, Differential Calculus, S.Chand& Co, New Delhi, 2005.
5. A.Singaravelu, Allied Mathematics, Meenakshi Agency, Chennai, 2001.
6. P.R.Vittal, Allied Mathematics, Margham Publications, Chennai, 1999.
E- Materials

15
 http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/sets/elem_2d
Course Learning Outcomes
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 Acquire the knowledge ofexponential and logarithmic series
 understanding about matrices and its applications
 formulate and solve the partial differential equations
 apply the results on Laplace transform
 learn the techniques on Fourier series.

16
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : MA/M.Sc/M.Com Semester :I

Name of the Course : Mathematical Foundations Credits :3
Paper Type : Non-Major Elective Hours of Teaching: 90hrs------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 make the students familiar in Mathematics which are essential for developing
computer applications
Unit - 1: Symbolic Logic 18 hours
Proposition, Logical operators, conjunction, disjunction, negation, conditional and bi –
conditional operators, converse, inverse, contra positive, logically equivalent, tautology and
contradiction, Arguments and validity of argument.
(Chapter 1: Sections 1.1 – 1.5)

Unit - 2: Set Theory 18 hours

Set, Set operations, Venn diagram, Properties of sets, number of elements in a set, Cartesian
product, relation & functions, Relation : Equivalence relation. Equivalence class, Partially
and Totally ordered sets, Functions : Types of Functions, Composition of Functions.
(Chapter 2: Sections 2.1 – 2.8)

Unit - 3: Binary Operations 18 hours

Types of Binary operations: Commutative, Associative, Distributive and identity, Boolean
algebra: properties, Permutations and combinations.
(Chapter 3: Sections 3.1 – 3.3)

Unit - 4: Differentiation 18 hours

Simple problem using standard limits, lim → ,lim , lim ,lime , lim(1+1/n)n /n,
x
→ → → →
1\n
lim(1+n) , Differentiation, successive differentiation, Leibnitz theorem, partial
→

differentiation Applications of differentiation, Tangent and normal, angle between two

curves, Maximum and minimum values [second derivative test], curvature and radius of
curvature [Cartesian coordinates], Envelopes.
(Chapter 4: Sections 4.1 – 4.9)

Unit - 5: Two Dimensional Analytical Geometry 18 hours

17
Straight lines – pair of straight lines – circles – System of Circles – Conics [parabola, Ellipse
and Hyperbola].
(Chapter 5: Sections 5.1 – 5.5)

Prescribed Book
U. Rizwan, Mathematical Foundations Volume I, Nelliappar Publications, Chennai.
2017

Reference Books:
1. P.R Vittal, Mathematical Foundations, Margham Publication, Chennai.
2. V.Sundaram& others, Discrete Mathematical Foundations,A.P.Publication, Sirkali
3. P.Duraipandian& Others, Analytical Geometry of 2 and 3 Dimensions, Emerald
Publication 1992 Reprint.

E- Materials

http://www.mathfoundation.com

Course Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 understand mathematical logical operators.
 gain knowledge in set theory, binary operations with some problems.
 solve problems on applications of differentiation and two dimensional geometry.

18
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme :MA/M.Sc/M.Com Semester :I

Name of the Course : Mathematical Modeling Credits :3
Paper Type : Non-Major Elective Hours of Teaching:90 hrs---------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 provide an introduction to modelling and simulation
 solve and interpret real life problems using different Mathematical perspectives.
Unit- 1: Mathematical Modelling through Systems of Ordinary differential Equations
of theFirst Order 18 hours
Mathematical modelling in population dynamics, Mathematical modelling of
epidemicsthrough systems of ordinary differential equations of first order –
MathematicalModels in Medicine, Arms Race, Battles and international Trade in terms of
Systemsof ordinary differential equations - Mathematical modelling in dynamics
throughsystems of ordinary differential equations of first order.(Chapter 3: 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, and
3.6)

Unit -2: Mathematical Modelling through difference equations 18 hours

The need for Mathematical modelling through difference equations - some simplemodels -
Basic theory of linear difference equations with constant coefficients -Mathematical
modelling through difference equations in economics and finance(Chapter 5: 5.1 to 5.3)

Unit-3: Mathematical Modelling through difference equations (contd.) 18 hours

Mathematical modelling through difference equations in population dynamics
andgenetics.Mathematical Modelling through difference equations in probability
theory.Miscellaneous examples of Mathematical modelling through difference
equations(Chapter 5: 5.4 to 5.6)

Unit -4: Mathematical modelling through Graphs 18 hours

Situations that can be modeled through graphs - Mathematical models in terms ofdirected
graphs - Mathematical models in terms of signed graphs – Mathematicalmodels in terms of
weighted graphs.(Chapter 7: 7.1 to 7.4)

Unit- 5: Mathematical Modelling through calculus of Variations and Dynamic

Programming 18 hours
Optimization principles and techniques - Mathematical modelling through calculus
ofvariations - Mathematical Modelling through dynamic programming.(Chapter 9: 9.1 to
9.3)

Prescribed Book
J. N. Kapur, Mathematical Modelling, Willey Eastern Limited, Reprint, 2000.
Reference Books:
1. D. J. G. James and J. J. Macdonald, Case studies in Mathematical Modelling,
StanlyThames, Cheltonham.

19
 2. M. Crossand A. O. Moscrcadini, The art of Mathematical Modelling, EllisHarwood
and John Wiley.
3. C. Dyson, Elvery, Principles of Mathematical Modelling, Academic Press,
NewYork.
4. D. N. Burghes, Modelling with Difference Equations, Ellis Harwood and JohnWiley.

E- Materials
http://www.mathfoundation.com

Course Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 understand concept of modelling and simulation
 construct mathematical models of real world problems
 solve the mathematical models using mathematical techniques

20
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : M.Sc. Mathematics Semester : II

Name of the Course : Algebra - II Credits :5
Paper Type : Core Hours of Teaching : 90hrs-----
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 attain depth knowledge about the algebraic structure of fields
 learn the concepts of fields, existence and properties of extension fields of
polynomials
 provide the use of Galois Theory in discussing the existence of roots of the
polynomials.
 learn about the finite fields and the important theorem related to division rings
 learn the Linear Algebra and apply them in various fields of Engineering and
Technology.

Unit-1: Field Theory 18 hours

Extension fields - Transcendence of e.(Chapter 5: Section 5.1 and 5.2)

Unit-2: Polynomials and Roots 18 hours

Roots of Polynomials.- More about roots (Chapter 5: Sections 5.3 and 5.5)

Unit-3: Galois theory 18 hours

Elements of Galois theory. (Chapter 5 : Section 5.6)

Unit-4: Finite Fields 18 hours

Solvability by Radicals - Finite fields - Wedderburn's theorem on finite division rings.
( Chapter 5: Section 5.7, Chapter 7: Sections 7.1 and 7.2 (Only Theorem 7.2.1))
Unit-5: Solvability by Radicals 18 hours

A theorem of Frobenius - Integral Quaternions and the Four -Square theorem.

(Chapter 7 : Sections 7.3 and 7.4)
Prescribed Book
I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, 2nd Edition. Wiley.1975
Reference Books:
1. D.S.Dummit and R.M.Foote. Abstract Algebra. Wiley 2003
2. M. Artin ,Algebra, Prentice Hall of India, 1991J.A. Gallian. Contemporary Abstract
Algebra. 4th Edition. Narosa Publishing 2011
3. P.B.Battacharya, S.K.Jain, and S.R.Nagpaul, Basic Abstract Algebra(II Edition)
Cambridge University Press, 1997.(Indian Edition)
4. I.S. Luther and I.B.S.Passi, Algebra, Vol.I – Groups(1996), Vol. II Rings, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, 1999.

21
 5. Rudolf Lidl and Gunter Pilz, Applied Abstract Algebra, Second Indian Reprint 2006,
Springer Verlag, Newyork
6. L. Smith(1998). Linear transformation: Example and Applications. In: Linear
Algebra, Undergraduate texts in Mathematics, Springer, New york. NY.
E- Materials
1. https://www.jmilne.org->FTe6
2. https://www.jmilne.org>math
3. www.math.iitb.ac.in->Lecnotes

E-Videos
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111108098/
2. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/Lecture-notes/
3. https://mathdoctorbob.org/Algebra.html/
Course Learning Outcomes
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 demonstrate ability to find the extension field of polynomials. Also, gets the clear
understanding of algebraic extensions and algebraic closures.
 work with the consequences of Galois Theory such as insolubility of certain classes
of equations.
 work with finite fields and certain important theorems related to Finite division ring
 use of Frobenius integral quaternions and the Four square theorem.

22
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : M.Sc. Mathematics Semester : II

Name of the Course : Real Analysis - II Credits :5 Paper
Type : Core Hours of Teaching : 90hrs--------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives
The objectives of the course is to
 understand the concepts like measure on the real line, Lebesguemeasurability and
integrability
 study Fourier Series and Integralsin depth
 study multivariable calculus.
 know the Lebesgue Integral
Unit–1:Fourier Series and Fourier Integrals 18 hours
Introduction – Orthogonal system of functions – The theorem on best approximation –The
Fourier series of function relative to an orthonormal system – Properties of Fourier
Coefficients– The Riesz-Fischer Theorem – The convergence and representation problems
for trigonometric series – The Reimann-Lebesgue Lemma – The Dirichlet Integrals – An
Integral representation for the partial sums of Fourier series –Reimann’s localization
theorem– Sufficient conditions for convergence of a Fourier Series at a particular point –
Cesarosummability of Fourier series – Consequences of Fejes’s theorem –The Weiestrass
approximation theorem. (Textbook 1: Chapter 11: Sections 11.1 to 11.15)
Unit–2:Multivariable Differential Calculus 18 hours
Introduction – The Directional derivative – Directional derivative and continuity – The total
derivative – The total derivative expressed in terms of partial derivatives –An Applications
to Complex – Valued Functions -The matrix of linear function– The Jacobian matrix – The
chain rule – Matrix form of chain rule – The mean-value theorem for differentiable
functions – A sufficient condition for differentiability– A sufficient condition for equality of
mixed partial derivatives – Taylor’s theorem for functions of Rnto R1.
(Textbook 1: Chapter 12: Sections 12.1 to12.14)
Unit–3: Implicit Functions and Extremum Problems 18 hours
Introduction- Functions with non-zero Jacobian determinants – The inverse function
theorem –The Implicit function Theorem –Extrema of real valued functions of one variable
and several variables –Extremum problems with side conditions. (Textbook 1: Chapter 13:
Sections 13.1 to 13.7)

23
Unit-4: The Lebesgue Integral 18 hours
Length of open sets and closed sets – Inner and outer measure : Measurable sets – Properties
of measurable sets – Measurable functions – Definition and existence of the Lebesgue
integral for bounded function.( Textbook 2: Chapter 11: Sections 11.1 to 11.5)
Unit -5: The Lebesgue Integral(Cont.) 18 hours
Properties of the Lebesgue integral for bounded measurable functions – The Lebesque
integral for unbounded functions – Some fundamental theorems – The metric space L2[a, b].
(Textbook 2: Chapter 11: Sections 11.6 to 11.9)
Prescribed Books
1. Tom M. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis (Second Edition) (1981), Addison –
Wesley Publishing Company Inc. New York, (for units I, II& III).
2. Richard R. Goldberg, Methods Of Real Analysis (1975), Oxford & IBH Publishing,
New Delhi (for Unit IV & V).
Reference Books:

1. J. C. Burkill, TheLebesgue Integral (1951), Cambridge University Press.

2. M. E. Munroe, Measure And Integration (1971), Addison–Wiley.
3. H. L. Roydon, Real Analysis (1988), Macmillan Pub. Company, New York.
4. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis (1979), McGraw Hill Company,
New York.
5. S. C. Malik and SavitaArora, Mathematical Analysis (1991), Wiley Eastern Limited,
New Delhi.
6. Sanjay Arora and BansiLal, SatyaPrakashan, Introduction To Real Analysis, (1991),
New Delhi.
E-Materials:
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-100b-analysis-i-fall-2010/

Course Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

 understand the concept of Fouier series and Fourier integrals

 analysethe functions of several variables.
 discuss the inverse function theorem and implicit function theorem
 acquire the knowledge of Lebesgue measure
 analyse the concept of inner and outer measure

24
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : M.Sc. Mathematics Semester : II

Name of the Course: PartialDifferentialEquations Credits :4 Paper
Type : Core Hours of Teaching : 90hrs-------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives
The objectives of the course is to
 familiarize students to understand the theory and methods of
PartialDifferential Equations (PDEs).
 prepare students to apply and solve PDEs applications from
variousemerging technologies.
 introduce the concepts and solving methods of First and second
orderpartial differentialequations.
 introduce the concepts and solving methods of Elliptical, paraboloid,
hyperbolic differentialequations.
 examine the existence and uniqueness of solutions of differentialequations
Unit- 1: Partial Differential Equations of First Order 18 hours
Formation and solutions of first order PDE – Integral surfaces – The Cauchy problem for
first order equation –Orthogonal surfaces – First order non-linear equations – characteristics
– compatible systems of first order equations - Charpit’s method. (Chapter -0: sections 0.4 to
0.11. (omit 0.11.1))

Unit -2: Fundementals of Second OrderPDE 18 hours

Introduction – classification of second order PDE – canonical forms – Adjoint operators.

(Chapter - 1: sections 1.1 to 1.4)

Unit-3: Elliptic Differential Equations 18 hours

Derivation of Laplace and Poisson equations – Boundary value problem – Separation of

variables – Dirichlet’s and Newmann problems for a rectangle – Solution of Laplace
equation in Cylindrical and sphericalcoordinates. (Chapter - 2 : Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.5 to 2.7,
2.11 to 2.12)

Unit-4: Paraboloid Differential Equations 18 hours

Formation and elementary solution of diffusion equation with boundary conditions – Dirac-
Delta function – Separation of variable method - Solution of diffusion equation in
cylindrical and spherical coordinates.(Chapter - 3 : Sections 3.1 to 3.7)

25
Unit-5: Hyperbolic Differential Equations 18 hours

Derivation and solution of 1-D wave equation by canonical reduction – Initial Value
Problem ;D’Alembert’s solution – IVP and BVP for 2-D wave equation – Periodic solution
for 1-D wave equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinates systems –Uniqueness of the
solution for 1-D wave equation – Duhamel’s principle. (Chapter - 4: Sections 4.1 to 4.4, 4.7
to 4.9, 4.11 and 4.12)
Prescribed Book
K.SankaraRao, Introduction to Partial differential equations (Third edition), Prentice-
Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi, 2016.
Reference Books:
1. I.N. Sneddon, Elements of partial differential equations, McGraw Hill bookcompany,
Singapore,1957
2. R. Dennemeyer, Introduction to partial differential equations and boundary value
problems, McGraw Hill, New York,1968.
3. R.C. McOwen, Partial differential equations, 2ndedition, Pearson education, New
Delhi,2005.
4. M.D.Raisinghania, Advanced differential equations, S.Chand& Company Ltd.New
Delhi,2001.
5. N.N. Lebedev, Special functions and their applications, Prentice Hall of India,New
Delhi,1965.
E-Materials:
1. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-152-introduction-to-partial-
differential- equations-fall-2011/
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111103021/
3. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-306-advanced-partial-differential-
equations- with-applications-fall-2009/
Course Learning Outcomes
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 formulate and solve Partial Differential Equations (PDE) and apply PDE
problems for real timeapplications.
 solve partial differential equations of first and second order.
 classify the partial differential equations
 identify the canonical forms of the partial differentialequations.
 analyse the solution of Laplace, Diffusion and Wave equationsin Cylindrical and
polar coordinates
 discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions and Duhamel’s principle

26
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : M.Sc. Mathematics Semester : II

Name of the Course : Mathematical Statistics Credits :3
Paper Type : Internal Elective Hours of Teaching : 75hrs-----
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 introduce the basic notions of sample, population, sample moments and their
functions.
 give an insight about the parametric and non-parametric tests for small and large
samples.
 educate the various measures of estimation theory.
 inculcate the concepts of ANOVA test and hypothesis testing.
 indoctrinate the strong background about the sequential analysis and its consequences.

Unit–1: Sample Moments and Their Functions 15 Hours

Notion of a Sample and a Statistic – Distribution of the Arithmetic Mean of Independent
Normally Distributed Random Variables – The Chi-Square Distribution – The Distribution
of the Statistics – Student’s t-Distribution – Fisher’s Z-Distribution – Snedecor’sF-
Distribution – Distribution of Sample Mean from Non-Normal Populations. (Chapter 9 –
Sections: 9.1–9.8)

Unit–2: Significance Tests 15 Hours

Kolmogorov Theorem – Smirnov Theorem – The Concept of a Statistical Test – Parametric
Tests for Small Samples and Large Samples – Chi-Square Test – Tests of Kolmogorov and
Smirnov Type – The Wald-Wolfovitz and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Tests – Independence
Tests by Contingency Tables. (Chapter 10 – Sections: 10.11 and Chapter 12 – Sections:
12.1–12.7)

Unit–3: Estimation Theory 15 Hours

Preliminary Notion – Consistent Estimaties – Unbiased Estimates – Sufficiency of an
Estimate – Efficiency of an Estimate – Asymptotically Most Efficient Estimates – Methods
of Finding Estimates– Confidence Interval.(Chapter 13 – Sections: 13.1–13.8)

Unit–4: Analysis of Variance and Hypotheses Testing 15 Hours

ANOVA Test: One-Way Classification and Two-Way Classification. Hypotheses Testing:
The Power Functions and OC Function – Most Powerful Test – Uniformly Most Powerful
Test – Unbiased Test.(Chapter 15 – Sections: 15.1–15.2 and Chapter 16 – Sections: 16.1–
16.5)

Unit–5: Elements of Sequential Analysis 15 Hours

27
SPRT – Auxiliary Theorem – Wald’s Fundamental Identity – OC Function and SPRT – The
Expected Value of ( ) – Determination of A and B – Testing a Hypothesis Concerning p
of Zero-One Distribution – Testing a Hypothesis Concerning the Expected Value m of a
Normal Population. (Chapter 17 – Sections: 17.1–17.9)
Prescribed Book
M. Fisz, Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, 3rd Edition,John Wiley
and Sons Inc., New York, 1963.
Reference Books:
1. V.K. Rohatgi and A.K.Md.E. Saleh, An Introduction to Probability Theory and
Mathematical Statistics, 2nd Edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
2. E.J. Dudewicz and S.N. Mishra, Modern Mathematical Statistics, John Wiley and
Sons, New York, 1988.
3. G.G. Roussas, A First Course in Mathematical Statistics, 2nd Edition, Academic
Press, USA, 1997.
4. B.L.V.D. Waerden, Mathematical Statistics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1969.
5. R.E. Walpole, R.H. Myers, S.L. Mayers and K. Ye, Probability and Statistics for
Engineers and Scientists, 9th Edition, Pearson Education Inc., 2012.

E-Materials:
1. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-655-mathematical-statistics-spring-
2016/
2. https://www.coursera.org/learn/basic-statistics
3. https://swayam.gov.in/nd1_noc20_ma19/preview

Course Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 know the basic notions of sample, population, sample moments and their
functions.
 comprehend the parametric and non-parametric tests for small and large samples.
 understand the various measures of estimation theory.
 acquire the concepts of ANOVA test and hypothesis testing.
 procure the strong background about the sequential analysis and its consequences.

28
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme: M.Sc. Mathematics Semester : II

Name of the Course : Fuzzy Set Theory Credits :3
Paper Type : Internal Elective Hours of Teaching : 75hrs-----
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 introduce Fuzzy sets
 some operations on Fuzzy sets
 construction of Fuzzy sets
Unit-1: From Classical (Crisp) Sets to Fuzzy Sets 15 hours
Introduction – Crisp sets: An overview – Fuzzy sets – Basic types – Basic concepts –
Characteristics – Significance of the paradigm shift. (Chapter 1: Sections 1.1 to 1.5)

Unit - 2: Fuzzy Sets Versus Crisp Sets 15 hours

Additional properties of  - Cuts – Representation of Fuzzy sets – Extension principle for
Fuzzy sets. (Chapter 2: Sections 2.1 to 2.3)

Unit-3: Operations on Fuzzy Sets 15 hours

Types of Operation – Fuzzy complements – Fuzzy intersection – t-norms (Chapter 3:
Sections 3.1 to 3.3)

Unit-4: Operations on Fuzzy Sets 15 hours

Fuzzy unions – t conorms – Combinations of operations – Aggregation operations.
( Chapter 3: Sections 3.4 to 3.6)

Unit-5: Fuzzy Arithmetic 15 hours

Fuzzy numbers – Linguistic Variables – Arithmetic operation on intervals – Arithmetic
operation on Fuzzy numbers (Chapter 4: Sections 4.1 to 4.4)

Prescribed Book
G. J. Klir and Bo Yuan, Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic : Theory and Applications,
PHI, New Delhi, 2005.

Reference Books:
1. H. J. Zimmerman, Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications, Allied Publishers, 1996.
2. A. Kaufman, Introduction to the theory of Fuzzy Subsets, Academic Press, 1975.
3. V. Novak, Fuzzy Sets and their Applications, Adam Hilger, Bristol, 1969.
E-Materials:
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105108081/module9/lecture36/lecture.pdf
Course Learning Outcomes
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 understand the basic concepts of Fuzzy Sets and the difference between the Fuzzy sets
and crisp sets
 analyse the Fuzzy sets and additional properties of  cuts.

29
 discuss the operations on Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy complements
 acquire the knowledge of various noms on Fuzzy sets and combination of operations
 visualize the Fuzzy sets as Fuzzy numbers
 analysethe Linguistic Variables, Arithmetic operation on intervals, Arithmetic
operation on Fuzzy numbers
 apply the concepts of Fuzzy mathematics in real life situation.

30
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : M.Sc. Mathematics Semester : II

Name of the Course : Difference Equations Credits :3
Paper Type : Internal Elective Hours of Teaching : 75hrs------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 introduce the process of discretization, discrete version of Difference Equations
 study the oscillation and the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of certain class of
difference equations.
 solvethe difference equations using Z-transforms.
Unit – I: Linear Difference Equations of Higher order 15 hours

Difference Calculus - General Theory of Linear Difference Equations - Linear

Homogeneous Equations with Constant coefficients – Non-homogeneous equations: Method
of Undetermined Coefficients, the method of variation of constants - Limiting behavior of
Solutions. (Chapter 2, Sections: 2.1 to 2.5)

Unit – II: System of Linear Difference Equations 15 hours

Autonomous Systems - The Basic Theory - The Jordan form - Linear periodic systems.
(Chapter 3, Sections: 3.1 to 3.4)
Unit – III: The Z-transform Method 15 hours

Definitions and Examples, Properties of Z-transform - The Inverse Z-transform and

Solutions of Difference Equations: Power series method, partial fraction method, the inverse
integral method - Volterra Difference Equation of convolution type - Volterra Systems.
(Chapter 6, Sections: 6.1 to 6.3, 6.5)

Unit – IV: Oscillation Theory 15 hours

Three-term difference Equations – Self-Adjoint Second Order Equations - Nonlinear

Difference Equations. (Chapter 7, Sections: 7.1 to 7.3)

Unit – V: Asymptotic Behaviour of Difference Equation 15 hours

Tools of Approximation - Poincare’s Theorem - Asymptotically Diagonal Systems – High-

Order Difference Equations - Second Order Difference Equations. (Chapter 8, Sections: 8.1
to 8.5)

Prescribed Book

Saber N. Elaydi, An Introduction to Difference Equations, Third Edition, Springer

Verlag, New York, 2005 (First Indian Reprint 2008).
Reference Books:
1. Ronald E. Mickens, Difference Equations Theory, Applications and Advanced
Topics,Third Edition, CRC Press, New York, 2015.
2. R. P. Agarwal., Difference Equations and Inequalities, Marcel Dekker, 1999.
3. S. Goldberg, Introduction to Difference Equations, Dover Publications, 1986

31
 4. V. Lakshmikantham and Trigiante, Theory of Difference Equations Numerical
Methods and Applications, Second Edition, Academic Press, New York, 1988.
5. Walter G. Kelly, Allan C. Peterson, Difference Equations, An Introduction with
Applications, Academic Press, New York, 2001 (First Indian Reprint 2006).
E-Materials:
1. http://people.math.aau.dk/~matarne/11-imat/notes2011a.pdf,
2. http://pj.freefaculty.org/guides/stat/Math/DifferenceEquations/DifferenceEquations-
guide.pdf
Course Learning Outcomes
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 solve problems on Linear Difference Equations of Higher order
 understand the system of Linear Difference Equations
 apply Z-transform techniques in difference equations
 solve problems on Oscillation Theory and Asymptotic Behaviour of Difference
Equation

32
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme : MA/M.Sc/M.Com Semester: II

Name of the Paper : Fundamentals of InsuranceCredits:3
Paper Type : Non-Major ElectiveHours of Teaching: 75hrs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 know about the different insurance sectors including life insurance
 provide the idea of time of maturity, revival and surrender of policies and claims
 study about the Marine and Fire insurance

UNIT – I15 hours

Introduction to Insurance-Meaning, Definition of insurance- General principles of
insurance-Types ofinsurance life, fire and marine-Difference between life and other types of
insurance, Growth & Developmentof Indian insurance industry- Regulations of insurance
business and the emerging scenario.
UNIT-II15 hours
Life Insurance-Introduction to life insurance : Features of life insurance-Essentials of life
insurance,Different types of life policies- Annuities, Formation of life insurance contracts-
Assignment andnominations- Lapses and revivals of policies. Surrender value, paid up
value, Loans-Claims- Procedure forclaims- Settlement of claims- Death and Maturity.
UNIT-III15 hours
Fire Insurance- Fire insurance contracts- Fire insurance coverage- Policies for stocks- Rate
fixation in fireinsurance- Settlement of claims. Marine Insurance- Functions- Marine perils-
Types of marine policiesClauses in general use-Warranties and conditions- proximate cause-
subrogation and conciliation - Reinsurance- Double insurance-Types of marine losses.
UNIT-IV15 hours
Miscellaneous Insurance -Motor insurance - Employer's liability insurance- Personal
accident and sicknessinsurance - Aviation insurance- Burglary insurance- Fidelity guarantee
insurance- Engineering insurancecattle insurance- Crop insurance.
UNIT-V15 hours
Procedure for becoming an Agent- Pre-requisite for obtaining a license- Duration of license-
Cancellation oflicense- Termination of agency - Code of Conduct- Functions of the Agent.
Prescribed Book

1. Fundamentals of Insurance - Dr. Periyasamy, Himalaya Publishing Pvt Ltd, Mumbai.

33
 2. Insurance principles and practice - Moorthy. A ,Margham publications, Chennai.
3. Fundamentals of insurance - Dr. P. K. Guptha, Margham publications, Chennai

Reference Books:
1. Insurance principles and practice- Periasamy. P, Margham publications, Chennai
2. Insurance principles and practice - Mishra. M. N, Sultan Chand & Sons, NewDelhi
3. Insurance principles and practice- Balu. V. &Premilan, Margham publications,
Chennai

E-Materials:
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/economics/14-73-the-challenge-of-world-poverty-
spring-2011/video-lectures/lecture-15-risk-and-insurance/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/economics/14-73-the-challenge-of-world-poverty-
spring-2011/video-lectures/lecture-16-insurance/

Course Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

 understand the principles and regulations of Insurance

 analyse the benefits of life insurance policies
 discuss the marine insurance and its benefits
 discuss the fire insurance and its benefits
 analyse the various insurance sector
 understand the duties of an agent and procedure to get license.

34
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme :MA/M.Sc/M.Com Semester : II

Name of the Course : Numerical Methods Credits :3 Paper
Type : Non-Major Elective Hours of Teaching: 75hrs------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 understand the concept of interpolation
 study the various methods to obtain interpolation with equal and unequal intervals
 study the numerical integration
 find the roots of the system of equation
 solve the differential equations using various numerical methods
 fit a curve using the method of least squares.
Unit-115 hours
Solution of numerical algebraic and transcendental Equations:
Bisection method – Iteration Method –Newton-Raphson method
Solution of simultaneous linear algebraic equations:
Gauss elimination method – Gauss-Jordan elimination method –Gauss Jacobi method –
Gauss Seidel method– Simple Problems.
Chapter 3: Sections 3.1, 3.1.1, 3.2, 3.4
Chapter 4: Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.2.1, 4.8, 4.9.

Unit-215 hours
Interpolation:
Introduction – Newton’s forward and backward formulae –Central differences– Gauss
forward andbackward formulae – Stirlings formula–Divided differences – Properties–
Relations between divided differences and forwarddifferences - Newton’s divided
differences formula – Lagrange’s formula.
Chapter 6: Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Chapter 7: Sections 7.1, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5
Chapter 8: Sections 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.7

Unit-315 hours
Numerical Differentiation:
Newton’s forward and backward formulae to compute the derivatives – Derivative
using Stirlings formulae – to find maxima and minima of the function given the tabular
values.
Chapter 9: Sections 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.6

Unit-415 hours
Numerical Integration:
Newton – Cote’s formula – Trapezoidal rule – Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8th rules– Weddle rule.
Chapter 9: Sections 9.8, 9.9, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15

35
Unit-515 hours
Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations - Euler's method –Improved Euler’s
method - Modified Euler's method - Runge-Kutta method(Fourth order only).
Chapter 11: Sections 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 11.13.

Prescribed Book
Kandasamy. P, Thilagavathi. K and Gunavathi.K “Numerical methods” – S. Chand
andCompany Ltd, New Delhi – Third Revised Edition 2016.
Reference Books:
1. Venkataraman M. K.,”Numerical Methods in Science and Engineering” National
Publishing company V Edition 1999.
2. SankaraRao K., “Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers” 2nd Edition
Prentice HallIndia 2004.
3. Gupta B.D., Numerical Analysis, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
E-Materials:
1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/122102009/,
2. http://www.math.ust.hk/~machas/numerical-methods.pdf

Course Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 solve the algebraic and transcendental equations
 understand the concept of interpolation with equal and unequal intervals
 analyse the properties of divided difference
 study the various methods for numerical differentiation
 discuss the various methods for numerical integration
 gain the knowledge of Euler’s method,modified Euler’s method and Runge-Kutta
method.

36
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Name of the Programme:MA/M.Sc/M.Com Semester : II

Name of the Course : Fundamentals of Business Statistics Credits :3
Paper Type : Non-Major Elective Hours of Teaching: 75 hrs--------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course is to
 apply statistical techniques for interpreting and drawing conclusion for business
problems.

Unit – I: Partial and Multiple Correlation 15 hours

Introduction - Partial Correlation – Multiple Correlation – Multiple Regression Analysis –
Reliability of Estimates-Miscellaneous Illustrations (Volume – II: Chapter 9: Pages: 1109 to
1135)

Unit –II: Theory of Probability and Theoretical Distributions 15 hours

Introduction – Probability Defined – Importance of the Concept of Probability – Calculation
of Probability – Theorems of Probability - Conditional Probability - Bayes’ theorem –
Probability Distribution – Binomial Distribution - Poisson Distribution. (Volume – II:
Chapter 1: Pages: 751 to 770 and 774 to 788; Chapter 2: Pages: 806 to 823, 826 to 833 and
858 to 879)

Unit – III: Statistical Inference-Test of Hypothesis 15 hours

Introduction – Sampling Error and Sampling Distribution – Estimation – Test of
Significance for Large Samples – Test of Significance for Small Samples - Miscellaneous
Illustrations. (Volume – II: Chapter 3: Pages: 882 to 951)

Unit – IV: Chi square and Goodness of Fit 15 hours

Introduction - Chi square defined – Conditions of Additive Chi-Square Test – Yate’s
Corrections - Uses of Chi-Square Test – Additive Property of Chi-Square – Chi-Square
Test for Specified Value of Population Variance – Miscellaneous Illustrations. (Volume –
II: Chapter 4: Pages: 953 to 1003)

Unit– V: F-Test and Analysis of Variance 15 hours

The F Test or the Variance Ratio Test – Application F Test – Analysis of Variance –
Assumptions In Analysis of Variance – Technique of Analysis of Variance – Coding data –
Analysis of Variance in Two-Way Classification Model. (Volume – II: Chapter 5: Pages:
1006 to 1038)

Prescribed Book
S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods, Volume I & Volume II, Sultan Chand & Sons, New
Delhi, 2009.

Reference Books:
1. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, 11-e, Sultan
Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 2004.
2. S. P. Gupta & M. P. Gupta, Business Statistics, 14th enlarged edition, Sultan Chand
& Sons, Educational publishers, New Delhi, reprint 2007.

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 3. Richard I Levin and David S. Rubit, Statistics for Management, Seventh edition,
Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2002.
4. P.R. Vittal, Business Mathematics and Statistics, Margham Publications, Sixth
revised edition, 2011.

E-Materials:
http://mathworld.wolfram.com

Course Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 know about the Partial and Multiple Correlation
 understand the basics concepts of Probability and Theoretical Distributions
 identify the educated guess (hypothesis)
 analyse the statistical inferences-Test of Hypothesis, Chi square and Goodness of Fit
and F-Test
 design and discuss the Analysis of Variance

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