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BEGLA-135

English in Daily Life

Indira Gandhi
National Open University
School of Humanities

Block

3
MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT
UNIT 1
The Media 5
UNIT 2
The Floating Markets of Thailand 20
UNIT 3
People at Work 35
UNIT 4
The Smell of Food 47
EXPERT COMMITTEE
Prof Balaji Ranganathan Prof Romika Batra
Gujarat Central University Indira Gandhi University
Gandhinagar, Gujarat Meerpur, Rewari

Dr Anand Prakash (Retd) Dr Hema Raghavan (Retd)

Formerly at Hans Raj College Formerly at Gargi College
University of Delhi University of Delhi

Dr Rajnish Kumar Mishra Dr Richa Bajaj

Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies Hindu College
JNU, New Delhi University of Delhi

Dr Payal Nagpal IGNOU FACULTY

Janki Devi College Prof Anju S Gupta
University of Delhi Prof Malati Mathur
Prof Nandini Sahu
Prof Parmod Kumar
Dr Pema Eden Samdup
Ms Mridula Rashmi Kindo
Dr. Malathy A

COURSE PREPARATON TEAM EDITOR

Course Writers
Content and Language Editing
Ms. Nita Mukherjee (Unit 1)
Prof. Anju Sahgal Gupta
Ex. St. Columbus School, New Delhi
School of Humanities, IGNOU
Ms. Shefali Ray (Units 2 & 4)
Course Coordinator
Lecturer, Ex. SCERT
Prof. Anju Sahgal Gupta
Ms. Snehlata Gupta (Unit 3) School of Humanities, IGNOU
Sr. Teacher, Rajkiya Pratibha Vikas
Vidyalaya

Secretarial Assistance
Ms. Premlata Lingwal, PA

PRINT PRODUCTION
Mr. K.N. Mohanan Mr. C.N. Pandey Mr. Babulal Rewaria
Assistant Registrar (P) Section Ofﬁcer (P) Section Ofﬁcer (P)
MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi

July, 2019
Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2019
ISBN : 978-93-88980-37-1
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph
or any other means, without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open
University.
Further information on Indira Gandhi National Open University courses may be obtained
from the University's office at Maidan Garhi. New Delhi-110 068 or visit University’s web
site http://www.ignou.ac.in
Printed and published on behalf of the Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi
by Registrar, MPDD.
Laser Typeset by : Tessa Media & Computers, C-206, A.F.E.-II, Okhla, New Delhi
Printed at : Raj Printers, A-9, Sector B-2, Tronica City, Loni (Gzb.)
BLOCK INTRODUCTION
Welcome to Block 3 of the Course!
In the first two blocks our focus was on your immediate environment, i.e.
greetings, introductions, family and friends and so on.
In this block our focus is on a wider scope – on topics such as media, shopping,
people who service us and entertainment.
We have dealt with these topics through different text types i.e, descriptive pieces,
a biographical account and a play.
Besides reading comprehension, we also have the other skills of listening,
speaking and writing. In the writing section we give you practice in writing
longer pieces such as writing a brief report, story building and describing places.
The grammar section will help you think about language. We have covered the
following items: passive voice, ‘used to’ and ‘would’, phrasal verbs, present
perfect and present perfect continuous.
We request you to spend time on all the activities in each unit. This will enhance
both your fluency as well as accuracy in the language.
While performing the listening tasks, please take notes as you listen. This will
aid your comprehension as well as concentration.
Look at the answers at the end of the Unit only after you have attempted them.
If you answer incorrectly, try to analyse why; if you are still unsure consult the
teacher at the study centre.
Do write to us if you have any problem.
Good luck with the block.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The material (pictures and passages) we have used is purely for educational
purposes. Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders of material
reproduced in this book. Should any infringement have occurred, the publishers
and editors apologize and will be pleased to make the necessary corrections in
future editions of this book. The Units have been taken from CFE Course BEG-
004, Block-2.
The Media
UNIT 1 THE MEDIA

Structure
1.0 Objectives
1.1 Warm Up
1.2 Reading: A News Article
1.3 Vocabulary: Accessing
Sites
1.4 Listening: World Wildlife
Fund
1.5 Speaking: Indicating Your
Preference
1.6 Writing: A Brief Report
1.7 Grammar: The Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tense
1.8 Pronunciation: Word Stress
1.9 Let Us Sum Up
1.10 Answers

1.0 OBJECTIVES
In these modern and “high tech” times, the term “media” covers both print and
electronic media, which acts as means of mass communication. The media we
are most familiar with are newspapers, magazines, the radio, TV, and now, the
mobile phone and the internet. This Unit will attempt to give you a glimpse of
some diverse types of media and encourage you to think about them. We very
often think of news items dealing with politics, economic issues, wars, crime,
etc. as the only news in the media. The first two sections are examples of the
diversity of news items, which will increase your knowledge as well as
vocabulary.

For example, you will see what a page on the internet looks like, and how you
can use it to your advantage.

In the listening and speaking sections, you will be able to discuss and make
choices that you are faced with everyday.

The task given in the writing section will require you to use your imagination
and write an interesting report.

The grammar section will help you to see the difference between the present
perfect and the present perfect continuous tense and learn about contractions in
English. In the pronunciation section you will learn to pronounce correctly words
from the Unit.

1.1 WARM UP
Look at any newspaper, and note the following:
5
Media and Entertainment Is it a national/international/
local edition?
What is the language of the
paper? Why?
How many pages does it have?
What are the main news items
on each page?
Which is your favourite page?
Why?

1.2 READING: A NEWS ARTICLE

Now read this interesting news article, and work on the exercises that follow.

In the news – 19th Jan. 2006

NASA scientists hope the third time is the lucky charm for their $700-million
unmanned mission to Pluto. The space agency planned to make a third attempt
to launch the New Horizons probe on Thursday, a day after a storm knocked out
power at the Maryland-based laboratory that will command the mission. Strong
winds in Laurel, Maryland, knocked out power at the John Hopkins University
Applied Physics Laboratory and mission managers were wary of launching the
spacecraft without back-up power at the facility. “The air conditioning was off.
The flight controllers were sitting there wiping sweat,” said Alan Stern, the
mission’s principal investigator.

High winds at the launch pad also kept the spacecraft from lifting off on Tuesday.
Winds in the Orlando area were expected to be 16kph to 24kph. Scientists have
been working 17 years on the nine-year voyage to Pluto, and they were unfazed
by the back-to-back postponements. “Two or three days doesn’t mean a hill of
beans,” Stern said. The space agency has until mid-February to send the spacecraft
on its way, but a launch in January would allow the spacecraft to use Jupiter’s
gravity to shave five years off the five-billion-kilometre trip, allowing it to arrive
as early as July 2015. The spacecraft is about the size and shape of a concert
piano attached to a satellite dish. It will study Pluto as well as the frozen, sunless
reaches of the solar system known as the Kuiper Belt. Scientists believe that
studying the region’s icy, rocky objects can shed light on how the planets formed.
The planned launch has drawn attention from opponents of nuclear power because
the spacecraft is powered by 10.8 kg of plutonium, whose natural radioactive
decay will generate electricity for the probe’s instruments. NASA and the
Department of Energy estimated the probability of a launch accident that could
release plutonium at one in 350. As a precaution, the agencies brought in 16
mobile field teams that can detect radiation, plus air samplers and monitors. –
Sapa - AP

Check Your Progress 1

1) Answer the following questions:
i) What led to a power failure at the laboratory?
..............................................................................................................
6
ii) For how many years have scientists been working on this project? The Media

..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
iii) What would be the advantage of a launch in January?
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
iv) What is the spacecraft powered by?
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
2) Write true or false:
i) The spacecraft could not take off due to high winds.
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
ii) The voyage to Pluto would take 19 years.
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
iii) The spacecraft will not be able to take off after January.
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
iv) The Kuiper belt is part of the solar system.
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
3) Look at this paragraph. It has 3 pieces of information.
The spacecraft is about the size and shape of a concert piano attached to a
satellite dish. It will study Pluto as well as the frozen, sunless reaches of the
solar system known as the Kuiper Belt. Scientists believe that studying the
region’s icy, rocky objects can shed light on how the planets formed.
Frame three questions which can be answered by the information given
above.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
7
Media and Entertainment
1.3 VOCABULARY: ACCESSING SITES
The computer has become a common means of communication and source of
news today. There are many sites which give us news and other information.
There are search engines like “Google” and “Yahoo” which respond to our queries
and guide us to relevant sites.
One interesting way to increase your vocabulary is to look for information on a
subject of your interest, and find the meanings of words that you may not know.
Here is a page from ‘Google’ which gives you information on social networking
sites.
https://www.smallbusinesscomputing.com/biztools/article.php/3813971/What-
is-Social-Networking-and-Why-Should-You-Care.htm

What is Social Networking?

Social networking, also referred to as social media, encompasses many Internet-
based tools that make it easier for people to listen, interact, engage and collaborate
with each other. Social networking platforms such as Facebook, Instagram,
YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter, blogs, message boards, Wikipedia and countless
others are catching on like wildfire.

People use social networking to share photos, ideas, recipes and to keep friends
updated on our lives. You can use social networking tools from mobile devices,
such as smart phones, as easily as from a PC or laptop.

By its very nature, social networking is interactive. You can tell anyone (that
you want to talk to, and that wants to listen to you) anything about your opinions
and experiences — and vice versa – through blogs, Facebook pages, videos and
even 140 character messages called tweets. You can also build communities
based on common interests, causes and concerns.

While we don’t have room to discuss all of the social networking sites, here’s a
sampler to help you get your head around today’s most popular social networking
tools:
Blogs are sites that people set up to provide information and opinions about
events, ideas or anything else they want to discuss. Blogs can include links
to other related sites, photos, videos and sound as well as text. The number
of bloggers is growing exponentially.
Twitter is a micro-blogging site. It is a free micro
blogging service that allows registered members
to broadcast short posts called tweets either using
a computer or a cell phone. Other Twitter users can
“follow” your posts but you can decide if you want
to let them follow you or not.
Facebook is a popular free social networking
website that allows registered users to create
profiles, upload photos and video, send
messages and keep in touch with friends,
family and colleagues.
8
LinkedIn is a business and employment- The Media
oriented social networking service that
operates via websites and mobile apps. It is
mainly used for professional networking, including employers posting jobs
and job seekers posting their CVs.
Telegram is a non-profit cloud-based instant
messaging service. Users can send messages and exchange
photos, videos, stickers, audio and files of any type. Users
can have a secret chat, which can be deleted from the
receivers phones too within a period set.
Wikipedia is a free, open content online encyclopedia
created through the collaborative effort of a community
of users known as Wikipedians. Anyone registered on the
site can create an article for publication; registration is
not required to edit articles.

Check Your Progress 2

1) Match the following idioms with their meanings. There are two extra
meanings.

Idioms Meanings
i Catch like wildfire a Easily available
ii Having green fingers b Share the same point of view
iii Caught red-handed c To circulate or disseminate
very quickly.
iv Back to square one d To apprehend someone when they
are doing something wrong
v At the eleventh hour e Good at gardening
f Back to where one started with
no progress shown
g Latest possible time

2) Use these idioms in sentences of your own.

3) Notice the definitions given of Blog, Twitter, Facebook and so on. Look up
the Internet for the definition of the following terms
i) Instagram
ii) Whatsapp
iii) Hike Messenger
iv) YouTube
v) Skype

1.4 LISTENING: WORLD WILDLIFE FUND

You may have heard of the term “endangered species”. It means species which
are in danger or threatened with extinction, often due to the activities of human
beings. Please listen to this excerpt and answer the questions given below:

Check Your Progress 3

1) After listening to the excerpt, what do you understand about the work of
the WWF?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2) Mention the interesting features about the shape of the coral reefs.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
3) Name some of the marine life that live among coral reefs.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
4) What is the main cause of coral destruction?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
5) Give two uses of coral reefs
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
10
The Media
1.5 SPEAKING: INDICATING YOUR
PREFERENCE
There are countless TV channels today, some of which are given below. Study
them carefully:

Discovery Channel
India creates world-class Inspiring people to care about the
documentaries on food, science, planet! A Channel for science,
survival and more. exploration, and adventure.

Features full episodes of Fashion TV is an international

HISTORY series, and thousands of fashion and lifestyle broadcasting
historical articles and videos. television channel.

NDTV.com provides latest news BBC News is a 24 hour news and

from India and the world. information channel.

Videos of wild animal on an

encyclopedic level, from the plight Star Sports is a group of Indian
of endangered species to the hope sports channels.
of adorable baby animals.

Hindi TV
channel of popular
reality TV shows
Provides viewers with access to
and soaps.
award-winning block buster
movies.
11
Media and Entertainment

A music channel with English and

A platform for Bollywood film international music, also
soundtracks, the revival of the independent Indian music bands
golden oldies and upcoming artists. playing English music to showcase
their talent.

An Indian Hindi
news channel
with Daily News
Updates and
News Headlines
– national and
The first kids’ channel in India. It International
primarily airs animated shows in along with
four different languages: English, entertainment
Hindi, Telugu and Tamil features

Check Your Progress 4

1) Look at the channels listed above. Do you watch any of these? If so, which
ones, and why?
Do not make a vague comment like “It is interesting!” or “It is nice!” You
need to give a convincing reason which will encourage your audience to
view it. If you do not watch any of the above, which ones do you watch and
why? We have given our responses to the programmes we watch and like:

Some responses:
The History Channel is interesting because it has a variety of
programmes, ranging from biography to solving crime, lifestyles to
major events.
I like the Discovery Channel because of the different kinds of
programmes covering facts on nature, places and people.
The National Geographic Channel has beautiful photography of the
natural world.
I enjoy Fashion TV as it tells me about the current styles of dress and
accessory around the world.
Channel V brings us the latest pop hits from around the world. The
star of the month features one artist, and his/her songs are played
regularly through the month.
BBC is a good news channel, and I like following current affairs.
12
Hallmark/HBO/Star movies [choose one] shows famous movies/ The Media
classics/new movies.
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................

1.6 WRITING: A BRIEF REPORT

Here are a couple of headlines from the newspaper:
2 injured as truck collides with van
Bird Flu strikes-thousands of chicken culled
Check Your Progress 5
1) Choose one of the headlines, and pretend that you are the reporter reporting
first hand from the scene. Before you start, make a list of points that will
interest the reader. This should include: the scene/setting, characters
involved, what actually happened, why, consequences, importance. You
could use an imaginary setting, etc. and write in the present or past tense.
Here is a sample of how you can write a report.
Headline: Protesters arrested; army called out.
Report: As I walked down to the town hall, I could hear sounds of shouting,
gunfire, sirens and police vehicles. There was a massive crowd protesting
against the arrest of their local leader, and demanding his release. Protesters
began to throw stones at the police who prevented them from proceeding
towards the hall, where the mayor was giving a speech. Soon, the scene
turned ugly, as the police burst tear gas shells, and finally resorted to opening
fire. There were shouts of anguish and rage, and soon, injured people were
being taken away. There was utter chaos with the arrival of ambulances
and more police jeeps. I could hear the frustration and panic in the voices
of the organizers of the meeting being held at the hall. They came out to
talk to the senior police officer on the spot. Next, I heard him calling on his
cell phone to the police commissioner, asking for help from the para military
forces. The situation looked grim.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
13
Media and Entertainment 2) Look at the first news story [under reading comprehension] again, and give
it a heading.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

1.7 GRAMMAR: THE PRESENT PERFECT AND

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
Read the following sentences:
1) The planned launch has drawn attention from opponents of nuclear
power…..
2) Scientists have been working for 17 years on the nine year voyage to Pluto….
In sentence 1, has drawn is an example of the Present Perfect which is used to
describe a complete action. In sentence 2, have been working is an example of
the Present Perfect Continuous which is used for an action over a period of
time upto now. We often use for and since with it.

Check Your Progress 6

Complete the following sentences by putting the Present Perfect or Present Perfect
Continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.
i) My cousin ................................... (build) his house for nearly one year.
ii) We ....................................... (finish) our breakfast and are ready to leave.
iii) She .............................................. (repair) her bike. It is ready to be used.
iv) My grandfather has a backache. He ................................. (water) the plants
since morning.
v) The roads are full of water. It ............................. (rain) since yesterday.
vi) He ......................................................... (stop) smoking.
vii) Rahul ........................................... (play) on the piano since he was six.
viii) The telephone bell ...................................... (ring) for the last five minutes.
ix) Rita has no money left. She ................................. (shop) for the whole day.
x) Neha ......................................... (do) a part time job for nearly three years.
Look at the following sentences:
We’re going home.
I know it isn’t easy.
They’re coming today.
14
What do you notice about the underlined words? They are short forms or The Media
contractions of two words. The apostrophe is inserted in place of a missing
letter or letters. Examples:
We’re= we are
Isn’t= is not
They’re= they are
We’ve=we have
They’d=they would
Check Your Progress 7
1) Can you write the full forms of the following?
i) I’m ………………….
ii) It’s ………………….
iii) They’ve ………………….
iv) Haven’t ………………….
v) Doesn’t ………………….
vi) Don’t ………………….
vii) Didn’t ………………….
viii) They wouldn’t ………………….
ix) I’d ………………….
x) She’s ………………….
2) Write the short forms of the following:
i) They have not ………………….
ii) We were not ………………….
iii) We would ………………….
iv) He is ………………….
v) You are ………………….

1.8 PRONUNCIATION: WORD STRESS

Say these words after the teacher, using the correct stress.
inter'national aca'demic
hori'zons 'radiation
'agency communi'cation
la'boratory 'accessing
investi'gator 'Instagram
'voyage 'Twitter
'January 'LinkedIn

15
Media and Entertainment
1.9 LET US SUM UP
Now that you have completed this unit, you can:
make use of the media to increase your knowledge and vocabulary.
make informed and intelligent choices from the range of radio and TV
channels.
practise writing reports giving a first person account
use the present perfect and present perfect continuous tense.
use the correct contractions.

1.10 ANSWERS
Check Your Progress 1
1) i) Strong winds in Maryland knocked out power at the laboratory.
ii) Scientists have been working on it for 17 years.
iii) A launch in January would reduce the trip by 5 years.
iv) It is powered by plutonium.
2) i) true
ii) false
iii) false
iv) true
3) i) What is the size and shape of the spacecraft?
ii) What is the purpose of the mission? OR What will the spacecraft do?
iii) How will this study help?
Check Your Progress 2

1)
Idioms Meanings
i Catch like wildfire a To circulate or disseminate very quickly.
ii Having green fingers b Good at gardening
iii Caught red-handed c To apprehend someone when they are
doing something wrong
iv Back to square one d Back to where one started with no
progress shown
v At the eleventh hour e Latest possible time

2) Do it yourself.

3) Definitions of the terms:

16
i) Instagram is a mobile, desktop, and Internet-based photo The Media
sharing application and service that allows users to share
pictures and videos either publicly, or privately to pre-
approved followers.

ii) Whatsapp is an ad-free instant messaging service for all

major smartphones. It uses the internet to send messages,
images, audio or video.

iii) Hike Messenger is a cross-platform instant messaging

service for smartphones that uses the Internet for
communication. In addition to text messaging, users can
send each other graphical stickers, emoticons, images,
videos, audios, files, voice messages, contacts and user
location.

iv) YouTube is a site to share and watch

videos. Anyone can record a video and
then upload and share it via the YouTube
site. Everyone can watch the videos on YouTube.

v) Skype: With Skype, you can share a story, celebrate a birthday,

learn a language, hold a meeting, work with colleagues –
just about anything you need to do together every day. It is
free to start using Skype - to speak, see and instant message
other people on Skype.

Audio Text for “World Wildlife Fund”

Coral reefs are the most biologically diverse ecosystems of the ocean. As
divers know, thousands of beautiful fish, mollusks and urchins are among
the amazing marine life that live among coral reefs. In fact, the corals
themselves are also marine animals. Almost a thousand coral species
currently exist in fantastic shapes ranging from mushrooms to moose antlers,
cabbages, tabletops, wire strands and fluted pillars.

With the majority of humankind living in coastal regions, many people

depend on living coral reefs for food and protection from storms and erosion,
as well as the additional benefits of medical research, tourism and natural
beauty. Coral reefs contribute about 25 percent of the total fish catch in
developing countries, providing food for one billion people in Asia alone.
Unfortunately, human activities, including those associated with global
warming are threatening these animals. Increasing sea temperatures stress
corals and cause damage.

WWF is working to develop and test conservation strategies to better protect

coral reefs while also working to stop global warming, the root cause of
their destruction.

17
Media and Entertainment Check Your Progress 3
1) WWF tries to conserve
endangered species, and
stop the causes of their
destruction.
2) They are found in fantastic
shapes ranging from
mushrooms to moose
antlers, cabbages, tabletops,
wire strands, fluted pillars.
3) Beautiful fish, mollusks, and
urchins are among the
amazing marine life that live among coral reefs.
4) Global warming and increasing sea temperatures destroy coral reefs.
5) People depend on living coral reefs for food and protection from storms
and erosion, as well as the additional benefits of medical research, tourism
and natural beauty.

Check Your Progress 4

Do it yourself.

Check Your Progress 5

1) Suggested answer: this is only an example of what you could write. We

encourage you to use your imagination and describe the events in your own
way, and write longer pieces.

Two injured as truck collides with van

I am standing at the junction of Park Avenue and Palm Street, which has
seen yet another accident a little while ago. A truck carrying grains and
vegetables collided with a pick up van, which was carrying 5 passengers.
Eye witnesses say that the truck had just taken the sharp turn, when the van
appeared from nowhere, apparently at high speed. It is believed that the
driver lost control, and headed towards the truck. It was only the truck
driver’s presence of mind that averted a greater tragedy. He swerved to the
left, and hit his side of the van. The driver and the passenger in the front
seat of the van sustained severe injuries, and were rushed to the hospital.

2) Mission delayed again…../strong winds delay spacecraft…/Pluto must wait!

Check Your Progress 6

1) has been building, 2. have finished, 3. has repaired, 4. has been watering 5.
has been raining, 6. has stopped, 7. has been playing, 8. has been ringing, 9.
has been shopping, 10. has been doing.

Check Your Progress 7

1) i) I am
18
ii) It is The Media

iii) They have

iv) Have not
v) Does not
vi) Do not
vii) Did not
viii) They would not
ix) I would
x) She is
2) i) They haven’t
ii) We weren’t
iii) We’d
iv) He’s
v) You’re

19
Media and Entertainment
UNIT 2 THE FLOATING MARKETS OF
THAILAND

Structure
2.0 Objectives
2.1 Warm Up
2.2 Reading Comprehension
2.3 Vocabulary
2.4 Listening: Following Directions
2.5 Speaking: Dialogues
2.6 Grammar: Passive without an Agent
2.7 Writing: Describing Places
2.8 Pronunciation
2.9 Let Us Sum UP
2.10 Answers

2.0 OBJECTIVES
In this unit you will be able to:
read an expository piece and understand its main points
comprehend new lexical items using cues from within the text
make inferences from the text
evaluate a situation and provide personal opinion
look for patterns and generalize
utilize the information gleaned from the text in real life situations
use the passive without the agent.
make comparisons using information given in pictures

2.1 WARM UP
The words ‘market’ and ‘mall’ are places where one can buy things.

Here are a few more names of different kinds of shops or places where one can
buy things. Match the words with their meanings.
a) A Kiosk 1) A place which has many shops of gold
under one roof
b) A Showroom 2) A market with many small shops
c) A Takeaway 3) A small shop selling cigarettes, newspapers
or cold drinks
d) Factory Outlet 4) A large shop/store in which goods for sale
are displayed
20
e) A Gold Souk 5) A large store selling goods at a discounted The Floating Markets of
Thailand
price
f) A bazaar 6) A restaurant that cooks and sells food that
you can take away and eat somewhere else

2.2 READING COMPREHENSION

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
In every country markets of different kinds exist. In India, for instance, one can
see the posh shopping areas and multi-storeyed malls on the one hand and the
small weekly bazaars on the other. This bazaar is a kind of mobile market that
shifts from area to area on different days of the week. The shopkeepers need
nothing but some clean pavement or some open space to settle on as they carry
on their transactions.

Then there is the common and easy to locate shopping centre in every residential
block. Though small, it has all the things that are necessary for survival. It has a
green grocer, a shop selling daily provisions and items of food, a stationer, a
haircutting saloon, a drycleaner and a gift shop.

We also have the huge whole- sale markets devoted to particular kind of goods
be it automobile spare-parts or hosiery.

Just as the cities of different countries boast of markets for people to shop in, the
rivers of Thailand offer colourful markets, which sell various kinds of farm
produce and handicrafts. Early morning one can see a scene of hectic activity of
bargaining, buying and selling here.

21
Media and Entertainment These floating markets are called ‘talaat naam’ in Thai. These are made up of
large clusters of boats, which serve the purpose of both sales counters and
transport vehicles for the farmers who gather here to sell their wares every
morning. As dawn breaks over the horizon, small wooden boats paddled by
women snake their way towards the market. One can see these women almost
always in the blue dress that is common amongst the farmers of Thailand. On
their heads the women wear flat -topped conical hats that one can find in all
parts of this country.

The boats are laden with the produce from the nearby orchards and community
farms. There are a wide variety of tropical fruits, flowers and vegetables and
they offer a very colourful sight. The boat vendors trade their agricultural produce
largely by the traditional barter system. For the tourists there are baskets and
cane products, cloth and other hand made items, which they can buy for money.
Tourists throng to the markets, coming from the cities by bus. The most popular
floating market is in Ratchabury province about 101 kilometres from Bangkok,
the capital of Thailand. Bangkok too has a few floating markets of its own. The
Taling Chan market is right in front of the district office of Taling Chan.

The floating markets always open in the morning, some as early as 4 a.m. There
is hectic trading amongst the vendors and buying and selling with the tourists
till late in the morning. By about noon time all the vendors would have left only
to return again early the next morning. Many of these markets open daily while
some operate only on weekends. The Damnoen Saduak market is open daily,
while the Taling Chan market is a weekend market.
In fact, Thailand’s floating markets are so popular amongst the tourists that
hardly anyone ever goes away without buying something or taking a picture of
the colourful market. Some of the popular markets are Damneon Saduak Floating
Market, Taling Chan Floating Market, Tha Kha Floating Market and Bang Khu
Wiang Floating Market.
These markets give one a glimpse of the traditional way of life in Thailand.
Looking at them one can imagine how daily life must have been in earlier times.
Efforts are being made to revive the old markets and reorganize them to attract
more tourists.
So, if you want a real taste of Thailand and wish to fully appreciate a floating
market, you should get up really early and hire a long tailed boat for the day.
The boat ride along the river will also enable you to see Thai homes and gardens.

Check Your Progress 1

1) Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.
i) What are the different kinds of markets one can usually find in India?
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
ii) Though small, the local shopping centre serves a great purpose. Can
you say how?
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
22
iii) How does the ‘Talat Nam’, the floating market of Thailand differ from The Floating Markets of
Thailand
other markets? Cite two examples.
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
iv) What is the main commodity sold in these markets?
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
v) Who are the vendors in the market?
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
vi) What system of trade do these vendors follow? Is it the same system
for the tourists as well?
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
vii) How does the Damnoen Saduak market differ from the Taling Chan
market?
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
viii) What are the added benefits of taking a boat ride to the market?
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
2) Read the sentences given below and say whether they are true or false.
i) The vendors of a mobile market really do not need any shops to sell
their goods.
ii) The ‘Talat Nams’ open by mid morning and close by the evening.
iii) If one wishes to buy fresh flowers one must go to the floating markets.
iv) These floating markets are often quite noisy places.
v) Tourists can buy handicrafts of cane and the local dress material from
these floating markets.
vi) Going to these colourful markets gives you no idea about the traditional
marketing system of Thailand.
vii) If one wishes to see the ‘Talat Nam’ in full swing, one needs to get up
early and go there.
viii) If there are so many floating markets then there must be many canals
or rivers in Thailand.
23
Media and Entertainment
2.3 VOCABULARY
Check Your Progress 2

1) Match the words in A with their meanings in B.

A B
i) mobile a) a lot of movement and action
ii) survival b) a person who sells things like food
outside on the street (not in a shop)
iii) hectic activity c) not fixed to a place
iv) horizon d) crowd, go in large numbers
v) vendor e) customs that have not changed for a long
time
vi) traditional f) the state of continuing to live or exist
vii) barter g) giving goods in exchange for goods
viii) throng h) to begin something again
ix) revive i) heavily loaded with
x) laden with j) the circle in which the earth and the sky
appear to meet

2) Given below are certain action words that are thematically related to markets.
Read the sentences given below and complete them using appropriate words
from the list.
buying selling trading bargaining hawking dealing
i) The natives on the island sometimes came to the
shore…………….their handicrafts for items of daily use.
ii) This is a very popular market for the common man and often there is
a lot of …………………….before a deal is struck.
iii) Nowadays one can find people …………………different kinds of
things to the motorists waiting at the traffic lights.
iv) ……………….in garments has become a more profitable business.
v) ………………a house with your life’s savings makes better sense
than investing it in an expensive car.
vi) On the pavements one can often see people ………………..things
from boiled eggs to ball point pens and calculators.
3) a) Look up the word ‘bargain’ in the dictionary and understand the various
ways the word can be used idiomatically.
b) Now read the sentences given below and complete them with
appropriate phrases. Use the correct form of the verb wherever
necessary.
24
bargain for, drive a hard bargain, bargain away, in the bargain The Floating Markets of
Thailand
i) The new job was well-paid. But it was demanding too. He felt that by
taking it up he had………………………………his peace of mind.
ii) They are smart people and will ……………………over prices.
iii) I had not ………………………… freezing nights on our expedition.
iv) Children learn a lot from the internet and enjoy themselves
…………………………………………as well.

2.4 LISTENING: FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS

Check Your Progress 3
Given below is a map of a locality. You have to reach the market place. Listen to
the directions carefully and trace the path that you would take to reach the Market.

2.5 SPEAKING: DIALOGUES

Check Your Progress 4
1) We often have to go and buy things from the shops where only English is
understood. Let us see what these people are saying at the shops. Listen to
the audio.
Listening text:
1) Lady: May I have a copy of the Oxford Dictionary?
Shop Assistant: Of course. Here you are Ma’am.
Lady: And could I have the latest book by Mr. Sellwell?
Shop Assistant: Sorry, we have run out of copies.
2) Old man: Have you got any woollen socks?
Sales Girl: Yes, what size do you want?
3) Little girl: May I have a box of colour pencils, please?
Shopkeeper: Certainly. Here you are.
4) Young Man: I’d like some shaving cream.
Salesman: Sure, which kind do you want?
25
Media and Entertainment 2) Work with a partner. Select appropriate phrases from the box and ask for
things. Your partner will give a suitable response. Change roles.
Could I have…………..
Please ?
Have you got………….
May I have……………
I’d like ………………..
Can I get………………

some tea, some oranges, a packet of chips, a sandwich,

some red kite paper, a tennis ball, a pair of green slacks,
five stamps for Egypt, two lithium batteries, some bread

Sure. Here you are.

Yes, certainly.
How many/much would you like?
I’m sorry but we’ve run out of them.
What size do you want?
Certainly. What kind do you want?
What denomination do you want?

2.6 GRAMMAR: PASSIVE WITHOUT AN AGENT

Look at these sentences from the passage:
1) The boats are laden with the produce from the nearby orchards and
community farms.
2) These (floating markets) are made up of large clusters of boats, which serve
the purpose of both sales counters and transport vehicles for the farmers
who gather here to sell their wares every morning.

3) These floating markets are called ‘talaat naam’ in the Thai language.

You will find that the subjects of the three sentences namely, ‘The boats’, ‘These
(floating markets)’ and ‘These floating markets’ are not doing the action but
receive the action done by others. In the first sentence it is obvious that the doer
of the action not mentioned in the sentence are ‘the farmers or the sellers’ who
come to do business in the floating market.

The second and the third too indicate that the doers of the action are the people
who make up the market in the form of ‘sellers’ or the common people.

The sentences are in the passive voice. We add a helping verb to the past
participle according to the tense or the time indicated i.e. is shown, are broken,
has been made etc.

26
Check Your Progress 5 The Floating Markets of
Thailand
1) Read the following sentences and complete them using the passive forms
of the verbs.
i) The letter……….. loudly ………… (read) out for everyone’s benefit.
ii) When they returned to the site of the Tsunami they found that many
houses……………………………… (rebuild) and many makeshift
shops…………………………………(erect) over the year.
iii) Preparations …………………… (make) for the visit of the Prime
Minister. Hence no one will be free to talk to you this week.
iv) When she returned from work she discovered that her lovely cake
…………………….. (ruined) by the visiting monkeys. Some of it
………………. (eat) and some …………….(drop) on the floor.
v) Many families ………………………………… (hit) by the
downsizing of the companies. Many young men and women lost their
jobs.
We notice that we almost always use the passive voice without the agent in
particular cases like:
when the doer is not known
when there are multiple doers
when we do not want to disclose who the doer is
in legal language
in official language
2) Read the sentences below and complete them using appropriate verbs
in the passive voice.
i) We regret to inform you that a mistake…………………………………
We assure you that it shall ………………………………..as soon as
possible.
ii) Many flyovers and underpasses …………………………………….to
ease the flow of traffic but the problem persists.
iii) It………………………… to the incumbent that he ……...……
hereby……………….to make the full and complete payment to the
aggrieved party.
iv) As I was on my way to the Mall yesterday my pocket
………………………and so I ended up buying nothing.
v) All the officers of the Production Wing ………………………..to
attend the 6p.m. meeting today.

request, commit, built, pick, direct, notify, rectify

2.7 WRITING: DESCRIBING PLACES

Check Your Progress 6

1) Look at this picture and write a description of it.

27
Media and Entertainment

You might like to mention the following:

The place
The shops and their structures
The kind of shops and the goods they are selling.
The difference between the shops and the pavement hawkers/vendors
The people seen at the different shops and your interpretation of their
dress, stance, actions or what they seem to be doing.

2) Now look at the picture of this Multiplex Mall. Compare the first market to
this mall and mention how this differs from the market you have already
written about.

28
Picture credit: The Floating Markets of
Thailand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Select_Citywalk
https://www.whatsuplife.in/delhi/blog/new-stores-select-city-walk-delhi/
http://www.groupfirst.com/news/?attachment_id=1071
https://novy-smichov-en.klepierre.cz/Services/CHILDREN-S-CORNER-TIME-OUT

You might like to use expressions denoting comparisons like: as….as, like/unlike
the …….this……., it is……..earlier (comparative degree of adjective) than the
………… etc.

You might also like to use connectors like these: while/whereas/on the other
hand/in comparison/contrastingly etc.

2.8 PRONUNCIATION
Listen to the following dialogue and practice it with your partner.
A customer calls because she wants to know when the free service that she had
been promised for six months after she bought a washing machine, will be
provided.

Executive : Good morning, Efficiency Machines. This is Ramesh.

How may I assist you?
Customer : I bought a washing machine from your company and I
was told I would receive a free service after six months.
It has been six and a half months we still haven’t got the
free service. I was told it would be done last week, but
nobody has come so far.
Executive : I can understand why that must have upset you. I’ll
arrange for a service engineer to be sent to your place
today.
Customer : But I don’t understand why I need to call and remind you
of this.
Executive : I apologize for the inconvenience and assure you this
won’t happen again. In fact I’ll put in another free service
on your service card. All you have to do is fill in the date
on which you would like him to come for the next service,
and he will be there.
Customer : Thank you.
Executive : You’re welcome, and have a good day.

2.9 LET US SUM UP

In this unit, you read an expository piece and answered questions on it. Since
the topic was the market place, albeit with a difference, you greatly enhanced
your vocabulary in this specific area. We also gave you practice in using certain
idioms pertaining to this topic.
29
Media and Entertainment When shopping, we often have to use polite phrases of inquiry to the shopkeeper.
In the speaking section, we give you practice in the use of these phrases.

The listening section pertained to following directions based on a road map. We

hope that now you will be able to give directions appropriately.

The writing part taught you the skills of comparison and contrast using a modern
mall and a traditional market place.

Finally, we gave you practice in the use of the passive without the agent.

2.10 ANSWERS
Warm Up
a) 3
b) 4
c) 6
d) 5
e) 1
f) 2
Check Your Progress 1
i) The posh multi-storied malls on the one hand and the small weekly markets
on the other. Of course, there are the local markets within each residential
area.
ii) It has all the things one needs for daily life such as food stuff, stationery
items, provisions, toilet goods, a hair cutting saloon and the green grocer.
iii) It has no fixed shops but comprises small boats laden with farm produce.
The sellers are mostly women.
iv) The main commodity sold here are things grown on a farm like vegetables,
fruits, flowers or grain.
v) The vendors are the women farmers of nearby areas who come into the
market rowing the same boats.
vi) They follow the barter system for the residents. For the tourists it would be
different. The tourists pay in cash for the goods they buy.
vii) The Damnoen Saduak market is open daily while the Taling Chan market
is a weekend market.
viii) One can see the traditional life style of the Thai people.
2) i) The vendors of a mobile market really do not need any shops to sell
their goods. (T)
ii) The ‘Talat Nams’ open by mid morning and close by the evening.(F)
iii) If one wishes to buy fresh flowers one must go to the floating markets.
(T)
30
iv) These floating markets are often quite noisy places. (T) The Floating Markets of
Thailand
v) Tourists can buy handicrafts of cane and the local dress material from
these floating markets. (T)
vi) Going to these colourful markets gives you no idea about the traditional
marketing system of Thailand. (F)
vii) If one wishes to see the ‘Talat Nam’ in full swing, one needs to get up
early and go there. (T)
viii) If there are so many floating markets then there must be many canals
or rivers in Thailand. (T)

Check Your Progress 2

1) i) c
ii) f
iii) a
iv) j
v) b
vi) e
vii) g
viii) d
ix) h
x) i
2) i) The natives on the island sometimes came to the shore trading their
handicrafts for items of daily use.
ii) This is a very popular market for the common man and often there is
a lot of bargaining before a deal is struck.
iii) Nowadays one can find people hawking different kinds of things to
the motorist waiting at the traffic lights.
iv) Dealing in garments has become a more profitable business.
v) Buying a house with your life’s savings makes better sense than
investing it in an expensive car.
vi) On the pavements one can often see people selling things from boiled
eggs to ball point pens and calculators.
3) i) The new job was well-paid. But it was demanding too. He felt that by
taking it up he had bargained away his peace of mind.
ii) They are smart people and will drive a hard bargain over prices.
iii) I had not bargained for freezing nights on our expedition.
iv) Children learn a lot from the internet and enjoy themselves in the
bargain as well.

31
Media and Entertainment Check Your Progress 3
Audio Text
1) You are on Longwell Road. You have the library on your right and the
Metro station on your left.
2) Walk straight. Do not turn at the crossing. You will pass the Primary
school, which will be on your left and the District Hospital, which will
be on your right.
3) Keep walking. You will reach another turning. You will notice a huge
tree with a raised platform around it. Do not turn here. Keep walking.
This means you leave two turnings and you are still on Longwell Road.
4) Then you will see the Computer Software Company to your left. You
can’t miss it. It is a big cream and blue building with Comp-Soft written
on it.
5) As you look to your right you will see a road going at an angle next to a
triangular park.
6) Turn right here and follow that road. You now have the cinema theatre
to your right and the park to your left.
7) The market is at the end of the road.
8) The STD booth is in the sixth shop between the Dry Cleaner and the
Baker.

Check Your Progress 4

2) Some of the dialogues would be like these;

i) Could I have some oranges, please?
How many would you like?
ii) Have you got any slacks?
I’m sorry but we’ve run out of them.
Sure. What kind/colour/size do you want?
iii) May I have a glass of water, please?
Sure. Here you are
iv) I’d like some red kite paper.
Sure. How much do you want?
v) Can I get five stamps for Egypt?
Yes. Certainly.
Check Your Progress 5
1) i) The letter was loudly read out for everyone’s benefit.
ii) When they returned to the site of the Tsunami they found that many
houses had been rebuilt and many makeshift shops had been erected
over the year.
iii) Preparations are being made for the visit of the Prime Minister. Hence
32 no one will be free to talk to you this week.
iv) When she returned from work she discovered that her lovely cake The Floating Markets of
Thailand
had been ruined by the visiting monkeys. Some of it had been eaten
and some had been dropped on the floor.
v) Many families were hit by the downsizing of the companies. Many
young men and women lost their jobs.
2) i) We regret to inform you that a mistake has been committed. We assure
you that it shall be rectified as soon as possible.
ii) Many flyovers and underpasses have been built to ease the flow of
traffic but the problem persists.
iii) It is notified to the incumbent that he is hereby directed to make the
full and complete payment to the aggrieved party.
iv) As I was on my way to the Mall yesterday my pocket was picked and
so I ended up buying nothing.
v) All the officers of the Production Wing are requested to attend the 6
p.m. meeting today.
Check Your Progress 6
1) This is a market. Perhaps it belongs to one of the Middle East countries.
It is an ordinary and common market. It has simple shops selling goods
in a humble way. The shops are small and have awnings to keep the harsh
sun out.
If one looks carefully one will notice that the signboards are in Persian.
Some shops have the signboards in two languages, either Persian and
English or Persian and French.
There is a shop selling clothes, a shop selling gadgets, another shop selling
provisions, a small shop selling oils and cosmetics and an STD booth
claiming internet connection. There are a few palm trees in a distance,
one or two slight bushes nearby.
People are moving about making their purchases. They are wearing loose
fitting Arab dresses which are largely white in colour. There are women
too but they are in long dark cloaks called the Burkha. Children accompany
the women.
There are a few pushcarts and a few pavement shops. The pushcarts are
vending some eatables, hankies and keys, certain things like cups, saucers,
plates and pots, etc.
2) This looks like a modern multiplex mall. Unlike the earlier market it is a
plush building. It has a cinema theatre, huge showrooms, a coffee shop
and a restaurant.
Whereas the earlier market was spread out on a large piece of land, this
one rises up to many storeys. It has an external glass elevator, which
indicates that this is not a place for ordinary people to make their purchases.
But like the earlier market this one too sells things of daily requirements
but the things would be quite expensive. Unlike the humble market this
market boasts of a posh building, modern gadgets and sleek shops with
33
Media and Entertainment
smart sales persons in place of the simple shopkeepers of the earlier market.
There is also a small play corner for little children.
In comparison to the buyers moving about on foot, this mall has a line of
cars parked outside. This means that people who have come here in their
cars are richer than the shoppers in the earlier market.
In contrast to the simply attired men and women of the market place, the
people here are dressed sleekly and seem well-to- do.

34
The Floating Markets of
UNIT 3 PEOPLE AT WORK Thailand

Structure
3.0 Objectives
3.1 Warm Up
3.2 Reading Comprehension: A T.V. News Anchor
3.3 Vocabulary: Word Map
3.4 Listening: A Poem
3.5 Speaking: An Interview
3.6 Writing Descriptions
3.7 Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
3.8 Pronunciation
3.9 Let Us Sum Up
3.10 Answers

3.0 OBJECTIVES
In this unit we introduce you to a description of a T.V. news anchor. In fact, a lot
of us often see and listen to our favourite news anchor to catch the news. In the
process you will come across vocabulary related to T.V. news journalism. The
listening text is a poem on various professions by Walt Whitman, the famous
American poet. In the speaking section, we show you how to conduct a short
interview.

Taking our cue from the reading passage, in the writing activity we gave you a
description of a pilot. This is just a sample for you to write your own descriptions.
The grammar section is on phrasal verbs — verbs which combine mostly with
prepositions to give an entirely new meaning.

3.1 WARM UP
From the moment we get up in the morning till the time we go to bed, and from
the time we go to bed and wake up again in the morning, a number of people
work to make our lives comfortable, safe and pleasant. Let’s learn about their
work and their world.
Can you think of some people who work for us during the day? E.g. a newspaper
delivery boy, a milkman, a florist, the grocer and so on.
And some people who work for us during the night? E.g. night shift workers in
a power plant, printing press operators in a newspaper office, a nurse in a
hospital, a watchman patrolling our streets…

3.2 READING: A TV NEWS ANCHOR

Sahil De works for CBRC TV station. He has a cool job as a TV News Anchor.
“Exhilarating and demanding”... is how CBRC News Anchor Sahil De describes
his job. 35
Media and Entertainment De has a BA in Communications with an emphasis in Broadcasting. While at
college, he worked as a sportscaster at a tiny low powered TV station. Then
worked 3 years at a small ABC affiliate as an anchor, reporter, and morning
show host. Sahil De is currently at CBRC TV in Jaipur City as morning news
anchor and field reporter.

A Day In The Life Of: De is up at 3:00 am, at work by 3:45 to look over scripts
for the day. At 4:30 am, he spends 15 minutes in the make up room and at 4:45
am he begins his newscast with a live teaser and then he broadcasts live news
from 5:00 am to 7:00 am. After the morning broadcast, he goes out on an
assignment and reports live stories from 7:00 am to 9:00 am. “I also do special
projects, investigative, consumer and health reports.” These are stories with a
local angle.

What De has to say about:

The advantages of his job: “I get to go to cool places and meet politicians and
celebrities that the general public doesn’t usually get to see.”

The down side of his job: “You don’t have a normal life, you work weird hours
and holidays, get up in the middle of the night, go to bed early and are away
from your family a lot.”

What he would like to change about his job: “Move the morning show to 9:00
am! Seriously, we tend to do more blood and guts stories and I’d like to do more
feel good stories.”

His family and other interests: “I have 2 young kids and a great wife and we
like to check out different restaurants and travel. I also play volleyball.”

Advice for aspiring TV Reporters: “Get an internship (usually unpaid) and

produce a video of your reporting. You will need this to show your wares. You
have to start out at a small station and work your way up. It’s a tough road with
an intense weeding out process as you move up the ladder. But if you start out at
a small station, everyone is bad, they expect you to be bad, you can make your
mistakes and you are still low profile. The best broadcasters started small and
didn’t fizzle out.”

Check Your Progress 1

1) i) What is Sahil De’s job?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
ii) What are De’s qualifications for the job?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
iii) What does De like about his job?
.............................................................................................................
36 .............................................................................................................
iv) What does De not like about his job? People at Work

2) Complete the following schedule for Sahil De’s work day:

3.00 a.m. wake up
__________ reach work
4.30 – 4.45 a.m. ________________
_________
5.00 – 7.00 a.m. _______________
7.00 –9.00 a.m. ________________

3.3 VOCABULARY: WORD MAP

You can use mind maps to capture your thoughts and bring them to life in visual
form. It is a good way of improving your vocabulary. At a more advanced level
mind maps help to represent ideas and concepts in a graphical way. It is a visual
thinking tool that will help you to structure information so that you are better
able to analyze, comprehend, synthesize, recall and generate new ideas.

Check Your Progress 2

1) There are several words and phrases from the world of journalism and news
reporting in the extract above. Pick them out to complete the following
word map. Look up their meanings in a dictionary and use them in sentences
of your own.
37
Media and Entertainment

The World of
News Reporting

2) Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B.

A B
i) exhilarating a) someone who has become famous for
something
ii) affiliate b) strange; unusual
iii) assignment c. giving you a strong feeling of happiness
and excitement
iv) investigative d) an organization which has a close
association with or is a member of a larger
organization
v) celebrity e) goods; (here) talents
vi.) weird f) a particular task that you are officially
given to do
vii) internship g) something that starts off strongly and ends
weakly
viii) wares h) to examine details of a situation in order
to find out what is happening
ix) weeding out i) to be trained under supervision
x) fizzle out j) to get rid of useless people

3.4 LISTENING: A POEM

Listen to a poem by Walt Whitman, an American poet. In this poem he describes
different kinds of workers and the work they do.

38
Check Your Progress 3 People at Work

1) Listen to the poem twice and answer the following questions.

i) List at least five different kinds of workers described by the poet in
the poem?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
ii) If you live in a city which of these workers are you likely to meet?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
iii) If you live in a rural area, which are some of the workers you might
meet?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
iv) Who are the people who do work in the home?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
v) Why do you think the mother’s singing has been described as delicious?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
vi) Do you find this poem interesting? List any two things that you find
interesting in the poem.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
vii) Do you think the workmen described in the poem are happy? Give a
reasoned answer. Why do you think the word singing has been repeated
several times in the poem?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. 39
Media and Entertainment
3.5 SPEAKING: AN INTERVIEW
In order to conduct an effective interview you need to keep the following points
in mind.
1) Be sure to pick out the right person.
2) Do your research about the topic and the person interviewed.
3) Adequately prepare your questions.
4) Make notes of the answers given by the interviewee.
5) Take permission from the interviewee if s/he would allow you to record.
Check Your Progress 4

1) Imagine you are a student and have been asked to interview Sahil De for an
article on him for the college magazine. Make a list of questions that you
would like to ask him. Some of the questions could be about his daily routine
and others about anything else you might like to know. e.g: How do you
spend your evenings on weekdays? How do you spend your weekends?
How many people do you interview in a month?

2) When replying to questions, you may consult the text material as well as
invent suitable answers for questions whose answers aren’t available from
the text. For example:
Q: What kind of books do you like reading?
Ans: I like reading all kinds of books, especially travelogues and
biographies.

3.6 WRITING DESCRIPTIONS

Descriptive writing is a type of writing which is meant to describe a person,
place, thing or event in vivid details. It does not depend on facts but on the
author’s ability to make the reader see, feel and experience what s/he sees, feels
and experiences. The focus is on “showing” and not “telling” so that the reader
gets a sense of how the subject looks, sounds, smells, tastes, or feels like.

Check Your Progress 5

Given below are some pictures of working people. Choose a picture and write a
short composition describing what you imagine his or her working day/life is
like. We give you a write up of a pilot as an example in the Answers Section.

40
People at Work

3.7 GRAMMAR: PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal verbs are basic verbs that can combine with other words, especially
prepositions, to make verbs with completely new meanings. Phrasal verbs are
used more in speaking than in writing. There is almost always a more formal
way of conveying the same idea.
De is up at 3 am, at work by 3.45 to look over script for the day.
Here to look over mean’s to read quickly.
Activity 6
1) Choose a phrasal verb from list A and a suitable noun from list B and make
meaningful sentences. The first one is done for your.
41
Media and Entertainment List A List B
i) Go off mother
ii) Check out business
iii) Start out cruel words
iv) Take back offer
v) Get on hotels
vi) Get up decision
vii) Turn down proposal
viii) Catch up holiday
ix) Put off morning
x) Look over news
xi) Set up career
Every summer I go off on a holiday to the hills
2) Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with different phrasal verbs beginning
with look:
look up to look into
look for look up
look on look out
look through look forward to
i) I’m ............................... to starting work.
ii) He has always ............................... his elder brother.
iii) ...............................each day as if it is your last day on earth.
iv) The police are ............................... the case
v) Please ...............................the proposal and tell me what you think.
vi) Could you help me...............................the keys, please.
vii) If you don’t ..............................., she’ll take your job from you.
viii) Business is ............................... at last.

3.8 PRONUNCIATION
These words pertain to various professions. Repeat them correctly after the
teacher.
Accountant Engineer
Physician Veterinary physician
Pharmacist Psychologist
Technician Beautician
Biotechnologist Communication Specialist
Botanist Web developer
Dermatologist Network Administrator
Anesthesiologist Librarian
Gastroenterologist Advocate
42 Journalist Solicitor
People at Work
3.9 LET US SUM UP
In this unit, we gave you a description of the routine of a news anchor, a very
familiar figure in all our lives. We increased your vocabulary in the area of
news journalism, especially pertaining to TV. The listening text was a poem by
Walt Whitman, while in the speaking section we gave you practice in conducting
an interview. The writing part like the reading was also a description —this
time about the life of a pilot. Finally, grammar concentrated on phrasal verbs —
an area very common in spoken English.

3.10 ANSWERS
Check Your Progress 1
1) i) Sahil De is a TV news anchor at CBRC station. He is also a field
reporter and does special projects on investigative, consumer and health
issues.
ii) Sahil De has a B.A. in communication with a specialization in
Broadcasting.
iii) He gets to interact with politicians and celebrities that ordinary people
do not get a chance to meet.
iv) He doesn’t like the fact that he has to work at odd hours and has to be
away from the family a lot.
v) He likes to eat out, travel and play volley ball.
vi) His advice to aspiring newcomers is to get an internship and produce
a video of their reporting. They should start their careers at small
stations and work their way up.
2) 3.00 a.m. wake up
3.45 a.m. reach work
4.30 – 4.45a.m. make up
5.00 – 7.00a.m. broadcasts live news
7.00 –9.00 a.m. out in the field doing stories
Check Your Progress 2
TV Station
1) Internship
Camera person

Investigative
Journalist World of News Anchor
Journalism

Morning Sportscaster
Show host Reporter
43
Media and Entertainment 2) i - c
ii. - d
iii. - f
iv. - h
v. - a
vi. - b
vii. - i
viii. - e
ix. - j
x. - g
Check Your Progress 3

Audio Text for poem by Walt Whitman

I Hear America Singing
I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear,
Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong,
The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam,
The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work,
The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing
on the steamboat deck,
The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he
stands,
The wood-cutter’s song, the ploughboy’s on his way in the morning, or at
noon intermission or at sundown,
The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the
girl sewing or washing,
Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else,
The day what belongs to the day – at night the party of young fellows,
robust, friendly,
Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs.

1) i) Mechanics, carpenter, mason, shoemaker, woodcutter

ii) In the city we are likely to meet: mechanic, carpenter, mason and
shoemaker.
iii) In rural areas we would meet a mechanic, carpenter, mason, shoemaker,
woodcutter, ploughboy, etc.
iv) Mother, young wife and the girl washing or sewing are all working in
the home.
v) The mother’s singing has been described as delicious because she is
probably preparing something tasty for the family as she sings along.
Also, it describes the joy that a mother feels while doing things for
44 her family.
vi) You must give your own views. People at Work

vii) Yes, the workmen described in the poem seem to be a happy lot. They
seem to be enjoying their work and are satisfied with what they are
doing. This is reflected in the repetitive use of the word ‘singing’
which expresses their joy and happiness

Check Your Progress 4

Interview questions asked to Sahil De

Student : Good Morning. Thank you for agreeing to an interview for
our college magazine.
Sahil De : It’s my pleasure. (graciously)
Student : What exactly is your job at CBRC TV Station?
Sahil De : Well, I’m a morning news anchor. I also do some special
projects-especially in areas of health and consumer rights. I
do some investigative reporting as well.
Student : That’s an exciting job! Is there anything you don’t like about
your job?
Sahil De : Well, I certainly don’t lead a normal life. I go to bed really
early, because I have to get up at 3 a.m. That’s crazy, isn’t it?
I’m also away from my family a lot. I don’t like that
Student : Do you have any other interests?
Sahil De : I love eating out, traveling and playing softball.
Student : Can you give some suggestions to any aspiring T.V. reporter?
I know several students who would like to be in your shoes.
Sahil De : Well, my advice to young aspirants is to get an internship and
produce a video of your reporting which you can show around.
Start at a small station and work your way up. Work hard, of
course – and don’t get discouraged. Eventually you will
succeed.
Student : Thank you for your time.
Sahil De : Thank you.
Check Your Progress 5
Mr. Rustom Khaji is a pilot who flies the Airbus, a job which he thoroughly
enjoys. What he likes best about his job is that he does not have to follow a
boring routine like the regular office goers who have to be at their work place
from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. and what’s more they have to go to the same place every
day.
He, on the other hand, has different timings of reporting to work and different
places to visit. He loves traveling and has been to all the continents except
Australia.
The most important aspect of his job is to take his passengers safely to their
destinations. However, he has to understand the machine that he flies really
well.
45
Media and Entertainment He needs very quick reflexes, as well, because in case of any emergency, the
action to be taken has to be very quick and what’s more there is no room for
error. The lives of several people are in his hands!

Each flight is an experience in itself with different weather conditions and with
different people. He loves meeting new people and definitely takes a round of
the plane to talk to his passengers.

His advice to aspiring pilots is: follow your dreams, persist, strive for excellence-
and then literally the sky is the limit.

Check Your Progress 6

1) i) We checked out several hotels before we decided to story at the Holiday
Inn.
ii) I started out my career as a shop assistant and rose to be the owner of
a huge Mall.
iii) I wish I could take back the cruel words I said to her.
iv) It will be difficult to get on in life without my mother.
v) I get up at 5 O’clock in the morning.
vi) She turned down their offer of promotion.
vii) I have to catch up on all the news, I’ve been away so long.
viii) He put off taking a decision for another week.
ix) I’ve looked over your proposal and I think it needs to be revised.
x) The bank helps women who want to set up a business.
2) i) I’m looking forward to starting work.
ii) He has always looked up to his elder brother.
iii) Look on each day as if it is your last day on earth.
iv) The police are looking into the case
v) Please look through the proposal and tell me what you think.
vi) Could you help me look for the keys, please.
vii) If you don’t look out, she’ll take your job from you.
viii) Business is looking up at last.

46
People at Work
UNIT 4 THE SMELL OF FOOD

Structures
4.0 Objectives
4.1 Warm Up
4.2 Reading
Comprehension:
The Smell of Food
4.3 Vocabulary: Words
of Laughter
4.4 Listening
Comprehension: A
Story
4.5 Speaking: Talking about Films and T.V. Programmes
4.6 Grammar: ‘Used to’ and ‘Would’
4.7 Writing: Story Building
4.8 Pronunciation: Items of Cooking
4.9 Let Us Sum Up
4.10 Answers

4.0 OBJECTIVES
The best way to learn the language of daily interaction is through reading
and enacting plays. Truly a play comes through best when it is read aloud or
enacted.

The objectives of this unit are to develop your ability to:

read a play and understand the basic story in it

comprehend new vocabulary items using cues from within the text
make inferences from the text
evaluate a situation and provide personal opinion
look for patterns and generalize
utilize the information taken from the text to real life
use ‘used to’ and ‘would’ to talk about past events
make and respond to offers

4.1 WARM UP
The stories of Mullah Nasruddin are famous all over the world and are narrated
over and over again. Known for his simple wisdom and wit he is believed to
belong to one of the countries of the Middle East. Can you cite some examples
of such clever persons who were known for their wit and willingness to help
others?
47
Media and Entertainment
4.2 READING COMPREHENSION: THE SMELL
OF FOOD
Scene 1
A market place in
Baghdad or Kabul.
There are a few shops.
In the background to the
left is a shop which sells
clothes and carpets.
These are hanging from
nails outside the shop.
Some rolled up carpets
are placed in a pile just
outside the shop. A man with a lace cap and the beard customary to the place is
sitting in the shop. To the left in the foreground is a hawker with various jars. On
the right in the foreground is an eatery named ‘Mehboob Husseini Kabab.’ There
are a few chairs on which two men are sitting and waiting for their food.
A man in a long shirt and salwar, who is the waiter, is hurrying in and out. At the
counter is a corpulent man with a turban and a beard. Evidently he is Mehboob
Husseini, the owner of the place.
The main character Abdul (in the same dress of salwar and kameez) strolls
into the market from the left. He comes to the centre and stops. He looks
around.
Abdul: (To himself) What a wonderful place this market is! So many lovely
things to buy and eat! (Looks at the eatery. Then makes a wry face) But all these
are of no use to a man with empty pockets. What lovely smells!! Heavenly, just
heavenly. (Breathes in deeply).
Mehboob Husseini: (Leans over to address Abdul) So? What do you think, my
man? Isn’t Mehboob Husseini’s fare extraordinary?
Abdul: (Breathing in deeply as the hurrying waiter brings in a dish) It is so
wonderful to just smell the food. I can guess how delicious it would be to eat it.
Mehboob Husseini: (Laughs uproariously. Addresses the customers at the table)
Ha, ha, ha, ha! This man is crazy for the smell of my food. (To Abdul) Why don’t
you sample the fare here, sir? Take a seat.
Abdul: Some other time. I am not really hungry at the moment. But these kebabs
are great. (Smells deeply again.)
Mehboob Husseini: Of course you can try a couple of those heavenly kebabs.
(He calls out). Serve this gentleman here. By Allah’s grace here is a true admirer
of our food.
Abdul: No, no. I don’t want to eat. Not today. I have to go. (Moves away as if to
go).

Mehbood Husseini: (Looks desperately at a prospective customer leaving. Then

puts on a hard look and says) Well, go if you must. But how about paying for all
48 the heavenly smells of the food at this eatery?
Abdul: Pay for what? I have not tasted any of the food. What kind of robbery is The Smell of Food
this? I will not pay.
Husseini comes over to Abdul and takes hold of his elbow. There is a mild
scuffle.
Mehbood Husseini: Then we shall see what the Quazi has to say in this matter.
(Shakes his finger at him then looks at the setting sun). Well, you are lucky. The
court would have closed by now.
Abdul: But I can’t pay you even if I wished to. I have no money. No money at
all.
Mehbood Husseini Then you’d better bring the money to the court tomorrow.
And mind you, no tricks! Or, you know what kind of punishments thieves get.
(Curtain)

Scene 2
It is morning. Mullah Nasruddin is sitting at his doorstep on a cot basking in the
morning sun. He too is in the same Afghani dress with a red turban on his head.
Abdul appears from the right.
Mullah: Salaam Aleikkum, Abdul Miyan.
Abdul: (Answers sadly) Walekkum Salaam, Miyan Mullah.
Mullah: What’s up? And why do you look like a goat that is to be slaughtered?
Abdul: Indeed, O Mullah. I am surely going to be executed because I can’t pay
for the smell of Husseini’s food. He meets me in the court today and if I fail to
give him the money ….(Murmurs the story to the Mullah who listens carefully).
Mullah: (Takes off his turban and scratches his head. Thinks deeply and says…)
So that’s the story. One minute. (Goes inside the house and soon emerges in his
customary cloak. He takes hold of Abdul’s hand.) Come let’s go. (They move off
stage to the left.) (Curtain)

Scene 3
The Quazi’s court. The Quazi is sitting on a slightly raised platform with bolsters
and nice covers. A few courtiers can be seen. On the left of the Quazi is seated
Mehboob Husseini. Abdul and the Mullah enter from the right.
Mullah: (Both bow deeply) May Allah bless our great Lord with a thousand
years!
The Quazi acknowledges the greetings with a wave of his hand. Mullah and
Abdul seat themselves on the right side of the Quazi.
Quazi: Let the court begin. Mehboob Miyan, what is your grievance?
Mehbood Husseini: My Lord! This man (Pointing towards where Abdul is
sitting) has taken the smells of my food but now refuses to pay for them. He
stood in front of my shop and took in deep breaths. Now he is refusing to pay for
the food, my Lord. To add insult to injury he calls me a robber, my lord.
Quazi: (To Abdul) Did you or did you not take the smell of his food?
Abdul: I did, my lord. But I did not even taste it.
49
Media and Entertainment Quazi: You have admitted that you did take the smell of his food. You must pay
this hardworking man. Or else, the court shall have to give you appropriate
punishment. (There is a hush in the court. Abdul stands shivering in his shoes.
His head is bowed. The Mullah rises and bows deeply.)
Mullah: My Lord. This man Abdul is like my brother. Can I pay on his behalf?
Quazi: Mehboob Miyan, what do you say to that? Is the arrangement acceptable
to you?
Mehbood Husseini: Yes, my Lord. I want two full dinars. One for my food. And
one for my time. My business is suffering there.
Quazi: All right. That’s fair enough. (To the Mullah) Yes, you may pay for him,
Mullah.
The Mullah gets up and crosses over to the side where Mehboob Husseini is
sitting. He sits very close to him and takes a cloth bag from under his cloak. He
holds it in his left hand and shakes it close to the man’s ear. The coins jingle-
Chink, chink!)
Mullah: (Loudly) Do you hear the money? DO YOU HEAR MY MONEY?
Mehbood Husseini: (Looking a little confused first and then brightening up a
little at the prospect of getting the money.) Yes, I do hear your money.
Mullah: (Repeats the act. This time he shakes it harder to make the coins jingle
louder). CAN YOU HEAR THE MONEY, SIR? DO YOU HEAR THE
MONEY?
Mehbood Husseini: You don’t have to shout. OF COURSE, I HEAR THE
MONEY. I HEAR YOUR MONEY!! Now pay up.
Mullah: The payment’s made. He smelled your food and you heard the (Pointing
to Abdul) money. So the dues are all clear. (Looks around at everyone in the
court. Then bows deeply to the Quazi). Am I wrong, my Lord?
(Courtiers begin to titter. The Quazi too is amused but puts on a dignified
appearance)
Quazi: I guess you are right Mullah. You are indeed an intelligent fellow. COURT
DISMISSED TILL AFTERNOON! (He announces loudly)

(Curtain)

Check Your Progress 1

1) Read the play carefully and answer these questions.
i) What caught Abdul’s fancy at the market place?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
ii) Was Mehboob Husseini proud of the food in his shop? Pick the line
which shows this.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
50
iii) What did Mehboob Husseini threaten Abdul with? The Smell of Food

4.3 VOCABULARY: WORDS OF LAUGHTER

Check Your Progress 2
1) Find these words from the play.
i) A word which means the same as ‘greater or better than usual’ (Scene 1) 51
Media and Entertainment ii) A word meaning the same as ‘a short and not very violent fight’.
(Scene1)
iii) A word which means the opposite of ‘succeed’ (Scene 2)
iv) A word which means the opposite of ‘not accustomed to do or wear’
(Scene 2)
v) A word meaning the same as ‘suitable or befitting’ (Scene 3)
2) Look at this sentence from the play.
I stood in front of his shop and smelled the food that he was serving.
The underlined words mean that food was given to the customers for eating.
We ‘serve’ food but do not ‘administer’ it. We ‘administer medicines’.
Given below are different words meaning ‘give’. Use them in the appropriate
contexts in the sentences below. Use the correct forms of the verbs.
administer mete out dole out present award confer
i) The court ………………………severe punishment to the guilty.
ii) The nurse carefully…………………. the medicines specified by the
doctor.
iii) Several countries regularly …………….. money to those who are
without a job. In a way this is good but it also encourages some persons
to become lazy.
iv) The college is so impressed with his work that it has
…………………… on him the title of Professor Emeritus. This means
that he shall keep the title of Professor even though he has retired.
v) I was so happy when my students ………………. me with a book by
my favourite author.
vi) She was ……………. the International Prize for Peace and
Development in the year 2004.
3) Look at this sentence from the play.
Courtiers begin to titter. A titter is a quiet kind of laughter when one is too
embarrassed to laugh loudly or does not want to show one’s amusement.
Just as ‘titter’ is at the lowest end of the continuum for ‘expressing
amusement’, bellow with laughter is at the other end.

Read the words meaning laughter given below and arrange them in the
ascending order according to their loudness and intensity.

titter laugh bellow (with laughter) chortle

guffaw giggle rumble (with laughter) chuckle
roar (with laughter)

52
The Smell of Food
4.4 LISTENING COMPREHENSION: A STORY
Check Your Progress 3
Here is a story “The Feast of Punjab” for you to listen. Listen to it carefully and
put the sentences given below in the sequence in which the events happened in
the story.
1) i) Once Afzal visited his friend Imanullah in Kashmir.
ii) Afzal only remarked that the food was good but not like the one they
had in Punjab.
iii) Imanullah did not give up. He called a cook from another city to
supervise. This would be the grandest feast of all.
iv) Imanullah waited but no food arrived for a long time. Then he saw
two servants bring only two chappattis, some vegetables and some
curd for them to eat.
v) Imanullah was happy to see his friend and prepared a good feast in his
welcome. He was sure his friend would compliment him on the good
food.
vi) The second time too Afzal only said that the feast of Punjab was much
better.
vii) Imanullah was disappointed to hear that his friend was not satisfied
with the food. So he decided to give him a bigger feast and all the
cook books were taken out.
viii) This time too Afzal had the same thing to say.
ix) In winter Imanullah went to visit his friend in Punjab. Afzal asked
him to wash himself and take some rest. Imanullah did so and waited
eagerly for the feast of Punjab to arrive.
x) When asked about the feast Afzal said that people in Punjab work
hard and eat simple food which keeps them healthy and happy. The
simple food is their feast.

4.5 SPEAKING: TALKING ABOUT FILMS AND

T.V. PROGRAMMES
Check Your Progress 4
Sit in groups of four and exchange notes on the latest films you have seen.
Alternately you can talk about some television programmes as well.
You may say sentences like these:
1) Last night/weekend/month I watched a nice film. It was called…
…………………….……….
It is a story about ……………………………………………….
I loved it. You see I like …………..…………………………… (comedies/
mysteries/murder and suspense/family drama).
2) Last evening I switched on the television and a talk show/comedy soap/a
news story/ a quiz etc. was being telecast. I liked it/did not like it much.
It was about/It showed…………………………………………… 53
Media and Entertainment For instance, for the comedy serial you might get words or phrases like
these:
funny good timing relaxing good acting racy dialogues
pretty actress very true to life original good script
famous director authentic dialogue
You might use sentences like these while carrying on with your discussion:
I think ‘Seinfeld’ is good — it really suits my timing. I can have dinner
while I watch it.
I like it because the theme is so real and true to life.
I simply love the dialogues. The script - writer must be really good.
I find Seinfeld very handsome and intelligent. I watch the serial just to
see him.
I watch it because it deals with life and its various little problems.
Oh! It is so funny. I die laughing when the comical Jason opens his
mouth.
Oh I like the character of Elaine. She is so cute. I like the ways she goes
about her life.

4.6 GRAMMAR: ‘USED TO’ AND ‘WOULD’

Mullah Nasruddin was a teacher. He was very clever and witty. He would always
deal with difficult situations with his wit and presence of mind. He used to help
anyone who came to him with a problem.
The words ‘would’ and ‘used to’ are used to illustrate actions which were regularly
done in the past. ‘Used to’ expresses a state or habit in the past as contrasted
with the present.
We used to live in this house.
My mother used to bake cakes on everyone’s birthday.
The word ‘would’ can also express past habit but with a sense of characteristic
predictable behaviour.
She would carry her little dictionary to all the meetings.
When asked a question, I would just clam up as a young boy.
Activity 5
1) Read the sentences given below and complete them using ‘used to’ or
‘would’.
i) My brother …………………. keep white mice as pets.
ii) I ……………………. know her well. We …………………often meet
at the coffee house and have long discussions.
iii) This …………………….. be a cinema theatre way back in the 1970’s.
iv) The warden…………………………sneak upon us during the night
and catch us reading comics.
v) People in this house…………………………… speak a curious mix
of French and Afrikaans. So we never could talk to them much.
54
vi) There ……………………….be a huge tree at this crossing. It took The Smell of Food
the workers nearly a week to pull it out for replantation.
vii) My sister …………………..play tricks on people. But when someone
tried the same trick with her she…………………….fly into a rage.
viii) There were no children nearby and the gardener and the delivery
boy…………………….be Rob’s only playmates.
2) Here is a brief account of Ms. Randa’s experience as a teacher. Complete
the passage putting ‘used to’ and ‘would’ wherever appropriate.
Ms. Randa had a tough time as an assistant teacher in Modern Public School.
Since she was new to the profession she …………………..make many
small mistakes. The Department Incharge …………………only remind
her to learn to do the job better and simply walk away. Poor Ms. Randa
……………………..wait long hours before her office, waiting to talk to
her and finding out what went wrong. Mrs. Vishwanathan well, for that
was the Incharge’s name, …………………..call her after she had finished
discussing all the other departmental matters. They …………………….then
sit and Mrs. Vishwanathan well would tear Ms. Randa’s lesson to shreds.
She ……………………always point out many mistakes. This left poor Ms.
Randa in tears for she was not ……………………..such treatment. She
………………………..sit up late at night doing and redoing the plan for
the next week. She …………………. dread her so much.

Today Ms. Randa looks back at those times with both amusement and
gratitude. “If it were not for Mrs. Vishwanathan, I would never have been a
good teacher. Thanks to all her harsh words and nit picking!” She laughs.

4.7 WRITING: STORY BUILDING

Activity 6
Story building and story writing can be fun. Look at the sentences/clues given
below and create a story based on them.
You need to remember that a story has:
Characters, each with his/her own personality and characteristics
Conversation
Events that happen in a certain time and place
Perhaps a problem
A way the problem is solved or not solved
A particularly exciting moment/event called the climax of a story
The end of the story.
Here are some clues:
A Jataka Tale (Tales based on Buddha’s life)
A drummer has a son who is also a drummer-used to make a living drumming at
festivals, fairs and occasions-once went to city fair-both played drums well-
audience happy-gives generously in the bowl kept in a corner-drummers collect
a lot of money at the end of the day-problem is to cross the forest with the money
at night-father suggests to go quietly-son suggests to beat drum loudly to show
55
Media and Entertainment many people are going-begins to drum loudly –does not listen to father-some
robbers hear the drumming and come to check- find only father and young boy-
rob them of all the money- both sad- father tells son not to feel so bad and treat
this event as a learning in life.

4.8 PRONUNCIATION: ITEMS OF COOKING

These words pertain to various items of cooking which we use regularly. Repeat
them correctly after the teacher.
Beverages Yolk of egg
Dairy products Asafoetida
Yogurt Turmeric
Lettuce Bacon
Carton of milk Anise
Hamburgers Clove
Stir fry Oregano
Caramelize Zucchini
Tamarind Soy sauce
Cinnamon Sesame oil
Almond Cashew nut

4.9 LET US SUM UP

In this unit you read, you understood and hopefully enacted a play. You also
enhanced your vocabulary. You were given practice in words pertaining to the
qualities of a person. An interesting activity pertaining to words relating to
‘laughter’ was given so that now you can more specifically describe ‘a feeling
of amusement’. You listened to a story and ordered it sequentially, and also
learned to write one from clues. You also learned some phrases about indicating
preferences about films. Finally, in the grammar section you learned the function
of ‘used to’ and “would”.

4.10 ANSWERS
Check Your Progress 1
1) i) The delicious food at Mehboob Husseini’s eatery caught Abdul’s fancy.
He stood and savoured the lovely fragrence of the food.
ii) Mehbood Husseini was indeed proud of the food he served at his shop.
The line - ‘Isn’t Mehboob Husseini’s fare extraordinary?’ indicates
this. Moreover he offered Abdul to taste one dish so that he could
know that it tasted as good as it smelled.
iii) Mehboob Husseini threatened to take him to court for stealing the
smell of his food.
iv) The food was not consumed by Abdul. This meant that Mehboob
Hussain was making a ridiculous demand. Mullah Nasruddin showed
him how ridiculous he was being by making him hear the jingle of the
coins. If, payment was to be made for merely smelling the food, then
Mehboob Hussaini should consider himself paid by hearing the ‘jingle
56 of coins.’
v) The qualities of the eating house owner are: having a sharp business The Smell of Food
sense, greedy, vain, dishonest and bullying, sly and smooth talking.
2) i - a; ii - c; iii - d; iv - c; v - d
Check Your Progress 2
1) i. extraordinary ii. scuffle iii. fail iv. customary v. appropriate
2) i. The court meted out severe punishment to the guilty.
ii) The nurse carefully administered the medicines specified by the doctor.
iii) Several countries regularly dole out money to those who are without
a job. In a way this is good but it also encourages some persons to
become lazy.
iv) The college is so impressed with his work that it has conferred on him
the title of Professor Emeritus. This means that he shall keep the title
of Professor even though he has retired.
v) I was so happy when my students presented me with a book by my
favourite author.
vi) She was awarded the International Prize for Peace and Development
in the year 2004.
3) titter, giggle, chuckle, chortle, laugh, guffaw, rumble (with laughter) roar
(with laughter) bellow (with laughter).
Audio Text for “The Feast of Punjab”
Afzal lived in a village in Punjab. One day he visited Imanullah, his friend
in Kashmir.
Imanullah prepared a wazwan which means a grand feast for his friend. The
cooks and the ladies spent a very busy day cooking dish after dish of meat,
poultry, vegetables and sweets. At last, lunch was announced and the men
sat down to eat.
Imanullah waited politely upon Afzal as he ate with relish. He expected him
to say a few words of praise. But to his disappointment Afzal did nothing of
the sort. He remarked instead, “Though the meal was wonderfully cooked,
it comes nowhere near the feast served in Punjab.” Imanullah wondered
how grand the feasts of Punjab could be. He called his cooks and asked
them to cook a bigger feast. All the cook books were taken out and the
delicacies of Kashmiri wazwan were prepared. What a hustle and bustle
there was in his kitchen! Imanullah smiled to himself. “This time Afzal will
surely be impressed,” he said.
A grand fare was set before Afzal. The dishes arrived one after another and
Afzal tasted each one of them. He ate slowly enjoying every mouthful. This
time Imanullah was sure that Afzal would shower compliments on him.
Afzal stretched after the meal was over and began to speak. Imanullah waited
eagerly. “This was indeed food fit for a king but it still does not match the
feasts I have at home.” Imanullah was disappointed. But he did not want to
give up. “I shall give him the best food the whole state of Kashmir can offer.
The best cook in the state was called to supervise the kitchen that day.
Imanullah could hardly wait for lunchtime to arrive.
Lunchtime arrived. Though the food was delicious, Imanullah could hardly
enjoy it. He was worried about what his friend would say. As usual Afzal sat 57
Media and Entertainment
back after he had finished. “I would certainly say that this was the best meal
one can eat if I had not eaten in my village.” Imanullah gave up. After a few
days Afzal returned home.
Soon summer passed and winter set in. Imanullah thought of his friend. He
decided to visit Punjab and enjoy its warm climate. But he had another
reason for his visit. The feast of Punjab had never left his thoughts and he
wanted to try it out for himself.
Afzal was very pleased to see Imanullah. “Do wait here and relax. Your
journey must have been very tiring,” he said as he showed Imanullah to a
nice and comfortable room. Imanullah washed up and spent hours waiting
for the famous dinner. At last dinner was served. It was brought in two
plates and a cup. One plate held chapattis and the other a dish of vegetables.
The cup held some curd. That was all. Keeping the food down, the servant
left.
“Please begin your meal,” said Afzal as he began to help himself. Somehow
Imanullah gulped the meal down. He was sure that the lovely dishes of
Punjab would be served the next day.
A whole week passed but the same food was served everyday including the
day he was to leave. Imanullah could stay quiet no longer and asked, “Dear
Afzal, while you were in Kashmir you kept praising the feast your village
can offer. But I find here that there is no feast at all. This is only a simple
meal. How can you say that Kashmiri food is not better and richer?”
My friend the people in Punjab eat simple food which keeps them healthy
and happy. For us, our simple food is the feast.
Adapted from a Kashmiri folk tale by Shefali Ray

Check Your Progress 3

1. i) Once Afzal visited his friend Imanullah in Kashmir.
ii) Imanullah was happy to see his friend and prepared a good feast in his
welcome. He was sure his friend would compliment him on the good
food.
iii) Afzal only remarked that the food was good but not like the one they
had in Punjab.
iv) Imanullah was disappointed to hear that his friend was not satisfied
with the food. So he decided to give him a bigger feast and all the
cookbooks were taken out.
v) The second time too Afzal only said that the feast of Punjab was much
better.
vi) Imanullah did not give up. He called a cook from another city to
supervise. This would be the grandest feast of all.
vii) This time too Afzal had the same thing to say. Imanullah gave up.
viii) In winter Imanullah went to visit his friend in Punjab. Afzal asked
him to wash himself and take some rest. Imanullah did so and waited
eagerly for the feast of Punjab to arrive.
ix) Imanullah waited but no food arrived for a long time. Then he saw
two servants bring only two chapattis (flat unleavened bread), some
58 vegetables and some curd for them to eat.
x) When asked about the feast Afzal said that people in Punjab work The Smell of Food
hard and eat simple food which keeps them healthy and happy. The
simple food is their feast.
Check Your Progress 4
Do it yourself.
Check Your Progress 5
1) i) My brother used to keep white mice as pets.
ii) I used to know her well. We would often meet at the coffee house and
have long discussions.
iii) This used to be a cinema theatre way back in the 1970’s.
iv) The warden would sneak upon us during the night and catch us reading
comics.
v) People in this house used to speak a curious mix of French and
Afrikaans. So we never could talk to them much.
vi) There used to be a huge tree at this crossing. It took the workers
nearly a week to pull it out for re-plantation.
vii) My sister used to play tricks on people. But when someone tried the
same trick with her, she would fly into a rage.
viii) There were no children nearby and the gardener and the delivery boy
used to be Rob’s only playmates.
2) Ms. Randa had a tough time as an assistant teacher in Modern Public School.
Since she was new to the profession she used to make many small mistakes.
The Department Incharge would only remind her to learn to do the job
better and simply walk away. Poor Ms. Randa used to wait long hours
before her office, waiting to talk to her and finding out what went wrong.
Mrs. Vishwanathan, for that was the Incharge’s name, would call her after
she had finished discussing all the other departmental matters. They used
to then sit and Mrs. Vishwanathan would tear Ms. Randa’s lesson to shreds.
She would always point out many mistakes. This left poor Ms. Randa in
tears for she was not used to such treatment. She would sit up late at night
doing and redoing the plan for the next week. She used to dread her so
much.
Today Ms. Randa looks back at those times with both amusement and
gratitude. “If it were not for Mrs. Vishwanathan, I would never have been
a good teacher. Thanks to all her harsh words and nit picking!” She laughs.
Check Your Progress 6
Here is what your story might look like. You may make it simpler than
this too.
Once there was a drummer in the village who had taught his young son to
beat the drum as well. The boy too was very good at drumming and both
father and son earned money by beating drums on marriages, birth of
children, fairs and festivals.
Once they heard about a fair in the city and decided to go and earn some
money there.
59
Media and Entertainment “I shall take our son to the fair. He has learnt to beat the drum well,” the
man said to his wife. “Do pack some food for the day.”
They set off and walked through the forest to reach the city.
“Look, father there is the fair. See how many people there are,” said the
boy to his father. He was excited.
They went and stood under a tree. They spread a cloth on the ground on
which they placed a bowl.
“If people like our drumming they will put money in the bowl. We shall not
ask anyone,” the drummer told his son. They began their drumming. They
drummed and they twirled around and danced.
Soon many people came to listen to their drumming and to watch them
dance. They were very happy to hear the rhythmic drumming and put some
money in the bowl before they moved ahead. In no time the bowl was full
and had to be emptied.
By the end of the day father and son counted the money, “Look son. We
have earned so much money. We can buy so many things with this money.”
The boy clapped his hands for joy.
“But there is a problem. How do we cross the forest in the night with so
much money? The robbers will find us alone and rob us of our hard-earned
money.” “What shall we do father?”
“Let us go very quietly so that no one can hear or see us. That way we shall
be safe,” he said to his son.
“No, Father. I think we should beat the drum very loudly so that they will
think a big party is going and they will not come near us.” So saying he
began to beat the drum wildly as they entered the forest.
Some robbers were a little distance away. They heard the drumming. The
drumming was loud and wild.
“Who could be drumming like this?” said the leader. “Come let’s find out.”
They ran in the direction from where the sound of drumming came. They
hid behind the bushes and waited for the party to pass. They were surprised
to see only a man and a little boy. So they fell upon them and robbed them
of all their money.
The drummer and his son were hurt in the struggle to save their money.
They were both sad. The boy hung his head. “Don’t worry son. We have
lost our money but we have learnt something. Let us remember this as the
day on which we learnt to be cautious,” the drummer said as he put his arm
around his son.

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