PRAYAS - 2022

Test – 12
Modern History
Topics covered:
 Before revolt of 1857
 European Penetration of India
 British Conquest of India
 Socio Religious Movements

PRAYAS-2022
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Q.1) With reference to Mughal Kingdom after b) 2 only

Aurangzeb, consider the following: c) Both 1 & 2
1. Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712) and Jahandar shah d) Neither 1 nor 2
(1712-13) both adopted half-hearted policy
towards Rajputs Q.5) Consider the following statements:
2. Ijarah was introduced by Jahandar Shah in Bengal 1. Amboyna Massacre of 1623 is related to Dutch
3. Bahadur Shah I (1707-12) was called Shah-i- which happened in Malaysia
Bekhabar 2. Dutch didn't have any trading post in United
Which of the above Statements is/are correct? Provinces and Bihar
a) 1 & 2 only Which of the above Statements is/are correct?
b) 2 & 3 only a) 1 only
c) 1 & 3 only b) 2 only
d) 1,2 & 3 c) Both 1 & 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.2) With reference to Awadh, Consider the
following statements: Q.6) Consider the following statements:
1. Saadat Khan was appointed as the governor of 1. Captain William Hawkins was contemporary of
Awadh by Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah . Jahangir
2. The Treaty of Faizabad (1775)was signed between 2. King James I sent Sir Thomas Roe as an
Shuja-ud-daula and the British. ambassador to court of Aurangzeb
3. Saadat Khan signed the subsidiary Treaty with Which of the above Statements is/are correct?
Lord Wellesley in 1801. a) 1 only
Which of the following above statements is/are b) 2 only
incorrect? c) Both 1 & 2
a) 1 & 2 only d) Neither 1 nor 2
b) 2 & 3 only
c) 1 & 3 only Q.7) With reference to Permanent settlement system
d) 1, 2 & 3 of land Revenue policy of British, consider the
following statements:
Q.3) Consider the following statements: 1. Hereditary rights of Zamindar were annulled
1. Ahmed Shah Abdali invaded India during reign of 2. Pitts India Act of 1784 contained a direction
Muhhamad Shah Rangeel, Ahmed Shah and regarding permanent settlement
Alamgir II 3. The system was made permanent in 1793 before
2. Alamgir II send Raja Ram Mohan Roy as an which it was a decennial settlement in 1790
Ambassador to England Which of the above Statements is/are correct?
3. Bahadur Shah II was also known as Blind Mughal a) 1 only
Which of the following statements is/are Incorrect? b) 2 & 3 only
a) 1 & 2 only c) 3 only
b) 2 & 3 only d) 1, 2 & 3
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c) 1, 2 & 3
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d) 3 only Q.8) With reference to the status of landlords in late

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18th and early 19th century, consider the following

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Q.4) Consider the following statement: statements:

1. Lord Clive replaced Mir Jafar by Mir Qasim as 1. A class of rich peasants , known as Jotedars,
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governor of Bengal in 1760 consolidated their position in the villages and

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2. Battle of Plassey made the Mughal Emperor acquired large tracts of lands
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pensioner of Britishers 2. They aided and supported Zamindars in collection

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Which of the following statements is/are correct? of revenue from the Ryots
a) 1 only Which of the above Statements is/are correct?
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a) 1 only
b) 2 only Q.12) Which of the following is not a consequence or
c) Both 1 & 2 significance of Battle of Plassey 1757 ?
d) Neither 1 nor 2 a) East India Company (EIC) established it's
monopoly over Bengal region
Q.9) With reference to Mysore state in 18th century, b) Mir Jafar was proclaimed as Nawab of Bengal
Consider the following statements: c) Naib-Subahdar could be removed, only with
1. Tipu Sultan had inserted his own name in Friday consent of EIC
sermons at mosque instead of Mughal Emperor d) EIC was granted zamindari of 24 parganas near
2. Tipu Sultan had introduced sericulture in Mysore Calcutta
.
3. The Sringeri Letter revealed Tipu as an Intolerant Q.13) With Reference to the Dual system of
leader in religious policies Government established by Robert Clive in Bengal
Which of the above Statements is/are correct? (1765-72), consider the following statements :
a) 1 & 2 only 1. EIC appointed Raja Shitab Roy as Naib Diwan for
b) 3 only Bengal and Bihar
c) 1 & 3 only 2. Under this system, British had power without
d) 1, 2 & 3 responsibility
Which of the above Statements is/are correct?
Q.10) Consider the following statements: a) 1 only
1. Cis-Sutlej states was generally a term used to b) 2 only
represent territory south of Sutlej and North of c) Both 1 & 2
Delhi d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Sardeshmukhi was a 10% revenue paid to the
Zamindar while Chauth was a 25% revenue paid to Q.14) With reference to Battle of Buxar 1764,
the head of Revenue collector in Deccan region Consider the following statements:
Which of the above Statements is/are correct? 1. The first treaty of Allahabad was signed with
a) 1 only Nawab of Bengal where Diwani Rights were taken
b) 2 only by British
c) Both 1 & 2 2. Mughal Emperor Shah Alam was given territory of
d) Neither 1 nor 2 Kora and Allahabad
3. After conclusion of Battle, Robert Clive was
Q.11) Consider the following statements as Factors appointed as Governor of Bengal for 1765-67
and forces responsible for success of British in India: Which of the following statements is/are Incorrect?
1. They had superior Arms and military strategy a) 1 & 2
2. They had Strong financial backup b) 2 & 3
3. They had brilliant leadership and strong support c) 1 & 3
of second line leaders d) 1, 2 & 3
4. They had free and fair election system in military
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5. They had a Nationalist Pride by virtue of being Q.15) Which of the following is/are the factors
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economically thriving people living in material responsible for the advent of the Europeans to India
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advancement ?
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6. They were aware of the culture and tradition of 1. Rise of the Ottoman Turks.
India 2. Fall of Venice and loss of trade activities at Genoa.
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Which of the following statements is/are correct? 3. To spread Christianity.

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a) 1, 2, 3, 5 & 6 only 4. Increased supply of meat in the European

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b) 1, 2, 3, 4 & 6 only markets.

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c) 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 only Select the correct answer from the codes given
d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 below:
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a) 1, 2 and 3 only 4. Discovery of new colonies in South America.

b) 2 and 3 only Select the correct answer from the codes given
c) 3 only below:
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 a) 1, 2 and 4 only
b) 2 and 4 only
Q.16) With reference to the arrival and c) 1 and 3 only
establishment of Portugese rule in India, consider d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
the following statements.
1. The native Arab population were hostile to Vaso Q.20) Consider the following statements with
da Gama when he landed at Calicut. reference to the Dutch advent to India.
2. The Portugese won the Battle of Chaul in 1508 1. They set up their first factory at Pulicat in the
which led to the establishment of Portugese rule early part of the 17th century.
in India. 2. The Dutch surpassed all the European colonizers
Which of the above given statements is/are correct ? as the most dominant power in European trade
a) 1 only with the east.
b) 2 only 3. Pulicat was their main centre in India in the 17th
c) Both 1 and 2 century.
d) Neither 1 nor 2 Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
a) 1 and 3 only
Q.17) Consider the following statements about b) 2 and 3 only
the European countries . c) 1 only
1. “ Bluewater Policy” was their forte for establishing d) 1, 2 amd 3
a strong rule in India.
2. They introduced Tobacco in India. Q.21) Which of the following were the trade
3. Started the first press in India. practices followed by the Dutch during their trade
Which of the following European countries is related occupation in India ?
to the above statements ? a) They began to supply cotton from the
a) England Coromandel coast to Indonesia and other
b) France Southeast Asian countries.
c) Netherlands b) They brought to India copper from Japan and silk
d) Portugal from China to the Coromandel coast.
c) They did not have much political interest in India.
Q.18) With reference to the advent of early d) All of the above.
Europeans in India, the ‘mixed colony system’ refers
to ? Q.22) Consider the following statements:
a) Intermarriage between Portuguese and Indians. 1. Bharat Stree Mahamandal was organized with the
b) Making a new colony composed of all the efforts of the Sarla Devi Chaudharni.
nationals from the colonized nations. 2. It was a pre-Congress organization that worked
c) Exchange of nationals from one colonized country for the cause of women.
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into another. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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d) Ruling in tandem by the English and Portuguese a) 1 only

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colonizers simultaneously in an area. b) 2 only

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c) Both 1 and 2
Q.19) Which of the following were the reasons d) Neither 1 nor 2
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responsible for the decline of Portuguese power in

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India ? Q.23) Consider the following pairs:

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1. Conflict with the Mughals and Marathas. Acts/Organization Associated Personality

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2. The religious intolerance of Portuguese. 1. Age of Consent Act B. M. Malabari

3. Sad state of economic affairs back in Portugal. 2. Indian Women University D. K. Karve
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3. National Council for Women Ramabai Ranade b) 1 and 3 only

4. Hindu Widow Remarriag Act Vishnu Shastri c) 2 and 3 only
Pandit d) 1, 2, and 3
Which of the pairs is/are correctly matched?
a) 1 and 3 only Q.27) With reference to Raja Ram Mohan Roy,
b) 2 and 3 only consider the following statements:
c) 1 and 2 only 1. He established Atmiya Sabha as a part of Brahmo
d) 3 and 4 only Samaj.
2. Brahmo Samaj did not believe in Karma and
Q.24) Consider the following statements: transmigration of soul.
1. K. R. Cama and S. S. Bengalee played an important 3. Radha Kant Deb was an ardent supporter of the
role in the Parsi Reform Movement. Brahmo Samaj.
2. The practice of Untouchability was a panacea only Which of the statements given above is/are
for the Hindus. incorrect?
3. Land was directly or indirectly linked to the a) 1 and 3 only
growth of the Indian middle class in the 19th b) 2 and 3 only
century. c) 1 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? d) None of the above
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only Q.28) With reference to the history of India, consider
c) 1 and 3 only the following organizations:
d) 1, 2, and 3 1. Dharma Sabha
2. Asiatic Society of Bengal
Q.25) Consider the following perspectives: 3. Sanskrit College of Varanasi
1. Causality 4. Brahmo Samaj
2. Investigative thinking 5. Calcutta Madrasah
3. Immutable tenets Select the correct order of their establishment in the
4. Universalistic religious beliefs ascending order:
5. Severing traditional ties a) 5-2-3-4-1
Which of the above perspectives were dominant in b) 5-3-2-1-4
the enlightened Indian middle class of the 19th c) 3-2-5-4-1
century? d) 3-5-2-1-4
a) 1, 2, and 3
b) 1, 2, and 4 Q.29) Which of the following was the impact of
c) 2, 3, and 5 Bhakti movements?
d) 3, 4, and 5 1. Development of vernacular literature.
2. Hinduism and Islam came close and many social
Q.26) Consider the following statements regarding practices of each other were adopted by both.
the 19th century Indian society: 3. Spread of Hindu philosophies like Yoga and
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1. Religion was the driving force for most of the Vedanta.

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social evils prevalent in the society. 4. Conservatism decreased in the orthodox Hindu
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2. The socio-religious reform movements adopted a society.

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secular approach from the very beginning. Select the answer using the codes given below:
3. Indian social reformers aimed at regenerating a) 1, 2 and 4 only
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traditional knowledge only through western b) 2 and 3 only

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language. c) 1, 2 and 3 only

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Which of the statements given above is/are d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

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incorrect?
a) 1 and 2 only Q.30) Consider the following statements:
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1. He was a Tamil Vaishnavite Saint who taught in a 3. Nizamuddin Auliya belonged to the Suhrawadi
great temple of Srirangam. order of sufism.
2. He was the propounder of 'Visistadvaita’ or Select the correct answer using the codes given
qualified monism. below:
3. He wrote commentaries on the Brahma Sutras a) 1 and 3 only
and Bhagavad Gita and a book called Vedanta b) 2 only
Sangraha. c) 1 only
The above statements are related to which one of d) 2 and 3 only
the following Bhakti Saints?
a) Madhavacharya. Q.34) Consider the following statements regarding
b) Ramanujachrya. the Sufi movement:
c) Vallabhacharya. 1. Sufis were the fakirs who strived to attain
d) Ramananda. the ikhlas.
2. They strictly followed the concept of pir-
Q.31) Consider the following statements with murshid, which was the Guru-Shishya tradition
reference to the Virashaiva movement in Karnataka. 3. They were one of the recipients of Inam.
1. It is also known as the Lingayat movement and 4. The common feature among all Sufi was the
the lingayats followed strict monotheism. acceptance of Sharia.
2. Lingayat are the followers of Basaveshwara, who Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
preached democratic values and was against ill a) 1, 2, and 4 only
treatment towards women. b) 2, 3, and 4 only
3. The Central Government has granted separate c) 1 2 and 3 only
religion status to the lingayats. d) 1 only
Which of the given statements above is/are correct?
a) 1 only Q.35) Consider the following statements:
b) 1 and 2 only 1. Aurangzeb was antagonistic to all the Sufi orders.
c) 2 and 3 only 2. The philosophy of the Chisti order was similar to
d) 1, 2 and 3 Vedanta.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q.32) In the context of Bhakti movement during the a) 1 only
medieval India, Consider the following pairs: b) 2 only
Bhakti saints compositions c) Both 1 and 2
1. Shankardeva - Sankirtana. d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Basavana - Abhang. Q.36) Consider the following statements regarding
3. Lal Ded - Vakh. the Bhakti Movement:
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly 1. Nalayira Divya Prabandham and Tevaram are
matched? popular works of Nayanmars and Alvars,
a) 1 and 2 only respectively.
b) 2 and 3 only 2. Adi Shankaracharya gave the philosophy of Shudh
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c) 3 only Advaita (Pure non-dualism).

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d) 1, 2 and 3 only 3. Surdas belonged to Saguna school of philosophy

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and was a disciple of Vallabhacharya.

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Q.33) In the context of the Bhakti movements in Which of the statements given above is/are
India, which of the statements given below is/are incorrect?
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correct? a) 1 and 2 only

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1. The Bhakti movements of medieval India drew b) 2 and 3 only

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inspiration from the ideas of Sufi saints. c) 1 and 3 only

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2. Ramanuja’s philosophy of Sagunabrahman was d) 1, 2, and 3

the same as the philosophy of Sankaracharya.
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Q.37) Consider the following pairs: b) Nalayira Divyaprabandham

Bhakti saint Philosophy c) Ajitanatha Purana
1. Ramanuja - Vishishtadvaita d) Unnunili Sandesham
2. Madhvacharya - Tatvavada
3. Nimbarakacharya - Pushti Marg Q.42) In the context of the Bhakti and the Sufi
4. Eknath - Abhanga movements, which of the statements given below
Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? is/are incorrect?
a) 1 and 2 only 1. Both Bhakti and Sufi saints discarded the tenets of
b) 1 and 3 only Jainism and Buddhism.
c) 1 and 4 only 2. They rejected the observance of rituals and
d) 2 and 3 only ceremonies.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
Q.38) The term ‘khanqah’ in the context of Sufism below:
means: a. 1 only
a) Place of assembly of Sufi Saints, where sick b. 2 only
persons were also treated. c. Both 1 and 2
b) Compilation of teachings of Sufi saints. d. Neither 1 nor 2
c) An order of Sufism.
d) Practice of pilgrimage to a grave of Sufi saint. Q.43) With reference to British Administrative Policy,
Consider the following statements:
Q.39) Consider the following statements: 1. In Policy of Ring Fence, native States were assured
1. He composed devotional work Sahitya Lahari. of military assistance by British against the
2. He was a contemporary of Sankaradeva of Assam. external threats
3. He was a disciple of Vallabhacharya of South India 2. In Policy of Subsidiary Alliance, Native States were
Which of the following Bhakti Saints is associated assured of Protection by British against both
with the above statements ? external and internal threats
a) Chaitanya 3. In both policy of Ring fence and Subsidiary
b) Ramananda Alliance, Native States had to maintain the given
c) Surdas army at their own expense.
d) Madhavacharya Which of the following statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
Q.40) With reference to the Women Devotees of the b) 2 only
Bhakti Movement consider the following statements; c) 1 & 3 only
1. Andal was the only female Alwar among the 12 d) 1, 2 & 3
Alvar saints of South India.
2. Karaikkal Ammaiyar, adopted the path of extreme Q.44) With reference to British conquest of
asceticism in order to attain salvation as a female neighbouring states, Consider the following
Nayanar. statements:
3. Mirabai was a devotee of Krishna, who 1. With Treaty of Sugauli 1816, Nepal accepted a
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popularized the cult by singing devotional songs. British resident as well as ceded Kumaon and
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Which of the above given statements is/are correct? Garhwal

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a) 1 and 2 only 2. Lord Lytton started the policy of Proud reserve

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b) 2 only aimed at creating scientific frontiers

c) 2 and 3 only 3. With Treaty of Yandabo, Burma abandoned claim
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d) 1, 2 and 3 on Assam and Manipur

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Which of the following statements is/are correct?

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Q.41) Which one of the following literary works is a) 1 & 2 only

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known as Tamil Veda? b) 2 & 3 only

a) Tiruttondar Puranam c) 1 & 3 only
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d) 1, 2 & 3 a) Mughal emperor Jehangir.

b) Governor of Bengal Ibrahim Khan.
Q.45) Consider the following statements with respect c) Sultan of Golconda.
to the French advent in India. d) Mughal emperor Farukh Siyaar
1. French East India company established its first
factory in India at Masulipatnam in 1669. Q.49) Arrange the following events in ascending
2. Pondicherry was developed by the French after order sequence.
acquiring a small village in south India. 1. Bombay was given as a dowry to Prince Charles II
3. Anglo- French conflict began after the arrival of of England by the Portugese.
French Governor Dupleix. 2. Aurangzeb issued a royal farman to the British to
Which of the above statements is/are correct? trade in Bengal.
a) 1 and 2 only 3. Headquarters of English East India Company
b) 1 only shifted from Surat to Bombay.
c) 2 and 3 only 4. Dastaks issued by Governor of Bengal to the
d) 1, 2 and 3 English East India Company.
5. Farukh Siyaar gave trade concessions to the
Q.46) Consider the following statements, in context British.
to the ‘Treaty of Pondicherry’. Select the answer from the codes given below:
1. Promise of the English and the French companies a) 2> 3> 1> 4> 5
not to interfere in the internal matters of Indian b) 2> 5> 4> 1> 3
rulers. c) 1> 2> 3> 4> 5
2. Return by the English and the French companies d) 1> 2> 4> 5> 3
of the conquered parts of each other.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? Q.50) Match the following pairs:
a) 1 only List-I ( Battles) List -II (Fought Between)
b) 2 only 1. Battle of Chaul (1508) A- English and
c) Both 1 and 2 French.
d) Neither 1 nor 2. 2. Battle of Colachel (1741) B- Dutch and English
3. Battle of Biddera (1759) C- Ruler of Travancore
Q.47) With reference to the various english men who and Dutch East India company.
visited India, consider the following statements. 4. Battle of Wandiwash (1760) D- Alliance of Turks,
1. William Hawkins was sent to mughal emperor Arabs and Gujrati sultans with Portugese.
Jahangir’s court to obtain permission to open a 5. Ist Anglo-Mysore war (1769) E- Haider Ali and
factory at Surat by EIC. English.
2. Sir Thomas Roe came to India as ambassador of Select the the correct answer from the codes given
James I to mughal emperor Jehangir’s court to below:
seek permission to conduct trade in Indian a) 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D, 5-E.
subcontinent. b) 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A, 5-E
3. William Leeds was appointed by Akbar in his court c) 1-C, 2-D, 3-E, 4-A, 5-B.
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as an diamond expert. d) 1-B, 2-A, 3-E, 4-D, 5-C.

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Select the correct answer from the codes given

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below. Q.51) The Danes formed an East India company and

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a) 1 and 2 only established their headquarters at?

b) 1 only a) Tranquebar.
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c) 2 only b) Serampore.
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d) 1, 2 and 3 c) Karaikal.
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d) Balasore.
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Q.48) The Golden farman was issued to the English

by
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Q.52) With reference to the Danish occupation in 3. Mahadeo Govind Ranade was associated with
India, consider the following statements. both the Prarthana Sabha and the Paramhansa
1. The Danish India company comprised of two Mandali.
different companies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
2. Anglo-Danish hostilities due to Napoleanic wars a) 1 and 2 only
led to the selling of the Dutch settlements in b) 2 and 3 only
India. c) 1 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are true? d) 1, 2, and 3
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Q.56) Consider the following literary works:
c) Both 1 and 2 1. Gulamgiri
d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. Darpan
3. Tritiya Ratna
Q.53) Consider the following statements regarding 4. Kavya Phule
the 18th Century reform movements in India: Which of the above-mentioned works are the
1. While Arya Samaj aimed at the revival of Vedic creations of Jyotiba Phule?
times, Brahmo Samaj stressed upon reason and a) 1, 2, and 3 only
Upanishads. b) 2, 3, and 4 only
2. Dayanand Saraswati believed in the Chaturvarna c) 1 and 3 only
system established by birth. d) 1 and 4 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only Q.57) Consider the following pairs:
b) 2 only Organization Associated personalities
c) Both 1 and 2 1. Native Improvement Society Balshastri
d) Neither 1 nor 2 Jambedkar
2. Deccan Education Society Ishwar Chandra
Q.54) Consider the following statements: Vidyasagar
1. Debendranath Tagore was a rationalist who 3. Social Service League Dadoba Pandurang
radically supported inter-caste marriages. 4. Seva Sadan B. M. Malabari
2. Sadharan Brahma Samaj was referred to Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
Debendranath Tagore’s Samaj post-split. a) 1 and 3 only
3. The failure of the Young Bengal Movement is b) 2 and 3 only
attributed to the radical ideas. c) 1 and 4 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? d) 2 and 4 only
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 only Q.58) A great reformer of the 19th century India, he
c) 2 and 3 only fought for the conditions of women and the lower
d) 1 only castes and was himself subjected to child marriage.
He opened the first of its kind society for prohibition
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Q.55) With reference to the socio-religious of infanticide and to help the rape survivor. He was
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awakening in India, consider the following greatly inspired by the ideas of Thomas Paine in The
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statements: Rights of Man and was titled as Mahatma. Which of

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1. While Prarthana Sabha was aimed at the reform the below personalities is being referred to in the
of the society, Paramhansa Mandali focused on paragraph above?
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the religious reforms. a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

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2. Prarthana Sabha acquired an all India reach while b) Jyotiba Phule

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Paramhansa Mandali was mainly confined to c) B. M. Malabari

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Maharashtra. d) D. K. Karve
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Q.59) Consider the following statements regarding Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Ram Manohar Lohia: a) 1 only
1. He was a socialist reformer who strongly b) 2 only
advocated inter-caste marriages among the c) Both 1 and 2
government servants. d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. He founded the Congress Socialist Party and a
secret Congress Radio. Q.63) Consider the following reform movements:
3. He was a contemporary of Jayaprakash Narayan. 1. Dharma Sabha was an orthodox sect with a strong
Which of the above statements is/are correct? opposition to the practice of sati.
a) 1 and 3 only 2. Radhaswami movement advocated renunciation
b) 2 and 3 only of worldly desires to attain spirituality.
c) 1 and 2 only 3. Sanatana Dharma Sabha merged into Bharat
d) 1, 2, and 3 Dharma Mahamandal.
Q.60) Consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. The teachings of Ramkrishna Paramhansa are a) 1 and 2 only
characterized by the real-life issues of a common b) 3 only
man. c) 2 and 3 only
2. Swami Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna d) 1, 2, and 3
Math and Ramakrishna Mission after the death of
Ramkrishna Paramhansa. Q.64) In the context of caste movements in India,
3. Both Ramkrishna Paramhansa and Dayanand consider the following statements:
Saraswati believed in the Arya religion as a 1. The Aruvippuram Movement aimed to create a
universal religion. federation of Backward classes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2. The Madras Presidency Association was formed
a) 1 only during the Viceroyalty of Lord Chelmsford.
b) 2 and 3 only Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
c) 2 only a) 1 only
d) 1 and 3 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Q.61) In the context of the various reformers of d) Neither 1 nor 2
Modern India, consider the following statements:
1. The philosophy of Vedanta was acknowledged by Q.65) Consider the following statements regarding
both Rajarammohan Roy and Swami Vivekananda. the Muslim revivalist movements:
2. Swami Vivekananda did not talk about personal 1. The Wahabi movement placed the Quran and
salvation and focused only on social reforms. Hadis above the individual consciousness of man.
3. Ramkrishna Mission is a purely secular 2. The Wahabis were initially British loyalists and
organization that discarded idol worship. sided with them during the Revolt of 1857.
Which of the statements given above is/are 3. The Faraizi movement was a peaceful movement
incorrect? that aimed to remove un-Islamic practices.
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a) 2 and 3 only Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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b) 1 and 2 only a) 1 and 2 only

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c) 2 only b) 2 and 3 only

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d) 1, 2, and 3 c) 1 and 3 only

d) None of the above
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Q.62) Consider the following statements:

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1. Lala Lajpat Rai played an instrumental role in the Q.66) In the context of the theosophical movement,
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establishment of the Gurukul schools. consider the following statements:

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2. The Shuddhi Movement regarded untouchables as

an entity outside the Hindus.
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1. The Theosophists were inspired from philosophy b) It managed to draw a fine line between
of Samkhya while they rejected the concept of modernization and imitation of the west.
Karma and reincarnation. c) The pure secular nature of the Movement
2. The movement had a wider appeal among the prevented the rise of any communal trend.
masses and treated all sections without any d) It ushered in a composite culture by exposing
discrimination. India to western spirits and culture.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only Q.70) Consider the following pairs:
b) 2 only Paper/Journal Language
c) Both 1 and 2 1. 1. Mirat-ul-Akhbar Urdu
d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. 2. Rast Goftar Gujarati
3. 3. Sambad Kaumudi Bengali
Q.67) Consider the following statements: 4. 4. Swadesh Mitram Hindi
1. The Singh Sabha favored western education and Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
rejected customs that contradicted the Sikh a) 1 and 2 only
doctrine. b) 2 and 3 only
2. The Deoband and the Aligarh movement were c) 3 and 4 only
opposed to the ideology of Congress. d) 2 and 4 only
3. While the Ahmadiyya Movement opposed Jihad, it
was favored by the Deoband Movement. Q.71) Consider the following statements with
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? reference to Vernacular Press Act, 1878 :
a) 1 and 3 only 1. The District Magistrate was made all powerful and
b) 1 only no appeal can be made against his actions in court
c) 2 and 3 only of law.
d) 3 only 2. It was nicknamed the ‘Gagging Act’.
3. ‘Som Prakash’ turned overnight into an English
Q.68) With reference to the Aligarh movement of Sir Newspaper to escape the Vernacular Press Act,
Syed Ahmed Khan, consider the following 1878.
statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a rationalist who stood a) 1 and 2 only
against the authority of the Quran. b) 2 only
2. He favored the unity among the various religions c) 1 and 3 only
and condemned polygamy. d) 1, 2 and 3
3. The movement was aimed to harmonize the
teachings of the Quran with the modern currents. Q.72) Which of the following can be attributed with
4. It supported the political activism of the Muslims the tenure of Warren Hastings (1773-1785) in India?
to inculcate education and modernity. 1. Codified the laws and separated the revenue
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? administration from the administration of justice.
a) 1, 2, and 4 only 2. Introduced Dual Government of Bengal.
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b) 2 and 3 only 3. Founded the Calcutta Madrasa.

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c) 1, 2, and 3 only 4. Establishment of civil and criminal courts in each

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d) 1, 3, and 4 only district.

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Select the correct answer from the codes given

Q.69) Which of the statements given below is least below:
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appropriate regarding the socio-religious reform a) 1, 2 and 4 only

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movements in India? b) 2, 3 and 4 only

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a) It was successful in imparting a sense of respect c) 3 and 4 only

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and pride towards India's cultural past. d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

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Q.73) In the context of civil and tribal uprisings Which of the above can be attributed to the
during the British rule, Consider the following pairs : Portguese rule in India?
Revolt/Event Leader associated a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
1. Khasi Uprising - Tirot Singh b) 2, 3, and 5 only
2. Ramosi Uprisings - Chittur Singh c) 1, 4 and 5 only
3. Sambalpur Uprisings - Kattabomman d) All of the above
Which of the pairs given above are correctly
matched? Q.77) Which of the following events are associated
a) 1 and 2 only with the Governor-General Lord Warren Hastings?
b) 2 only 1. Policy of Ring Fence introduced.
c) 3 only 2. Establishment of Sanskrit College at Benaras
d) 1 and 3 only 3. Shifting of headquarters of the East India
Company from Murshidabad to Calcutta
Q.74) Which of the following steps, taken by the 4. Battle of Kharda between the Nizams and
British Government, were part of the Marathas.
recommendations of Wood’s Dispatch? Select the correct answer using the code given
1. English replacing Persian as the Official Court below:
Language. a) 1 and 3 only
2. Closing of State funds for Oriental Learning b) 2 and 4 only
3. Setting up the Teacher's training Institutes. c) 3 and 4 only
4. Creation of the Department of Public Instruction d) 1, 2 and 3 only
in each province.
Select the correct answer using the code given Q.78) Consider the Following Statements:
below: 1. Denmark ended their involvement in India by
a) 1, 3 and 4 only selling the rights of the Nicobar Islands to the
b) 3 only English in 1868.
c) 2 and 4 only 2. The Battle of Chinsurah was fought between the
d) 3 and 4 only troops of the English East India company and the
French East India Company.
Q.75) Consider the following events: 3. Dutch were the first to start a joint stock company
1. The Ramosi Uprisings for trading with India.
2. Kuka Movements Which of the above statements is incorrect?
3. The Ahom revolts a) 1 and 2 only
4. The Pabna Agrarian crisis b) 2 only
Which of the following is the correct chronological c) 1 and 3 only
sequence of the events? d) All of the above.
a) 1-2-3-4
b) 1-3-2-4 Q.79) Consider the Following pairs:
c) 4-1-2-3 FORT (LOCATION) BUILT BY
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d) 2-1-3-4 1. Fort St George (Madras) - British

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2. Fort William (Kochi) - Porteguese

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Q.76) Consider the following: 3. Fort St Angelo (Kannur) - Dutch

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1. Introduction of Cashew Nut and Tobacco Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Plantations in India a) 1 only
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2. Blue Water Policy b) 2 and 3 only

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3. Introduction of Slave Trade in India c) 3 only

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4. Attempts at Banning Sati From India d) 1 and 2 only

cm

5. Use of the Hooghly Port as a base for Piracy in the

Bengal
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Q.80) With reference to the Carnatic Wars, consider Q.83) Consider the following Socio-Religious/Political
the following statements: Organizations:
1. The Siege of Arcot by Robert Clive led to the recall 1. Dharma Sabha
of Joseph Dupleix by the French Government, thus 2. British Indian Association
dealing a significant blow to the French forces in 3. Bangbhasha Prakashika Sabha
India. The 19th century Socio-Religious reformer
2. The Treaty of Pondicherry in 1763 laid the Radhakanta Deb was directly associated with which
foundation for the supremacy of the English in the of the above organizations?
Indian subcontinent a) 1 only
Which of the above statements is/are correct? b) 1 and 2 only
a) 1 only c) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 only d) 2 and 3 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above. Q.84) With regards to the practice of Sati in British
India, consider the following statements :
Q.81) Consider the following statements: 1. Sati was outlawed in Calcutta by the Supreme
1. Unlike the British East Indian Company, the Court much earlier than The Bengal Sati Abolition
French East Indian Company was a private Act of 1829, which abolished Sati for the whole of
enterprise. Bengal.
2. The French subordinated their commercial 2. Radhakant Deb’s Dharma Sabha had filed an
interest to territorial ambition and found appeal in the Privy Council against the ban on Sati.
themselves short of funds at crucial junctures. Which of the above statements is correct?
3. The English navy was superior to the French navy. a) 1 only
Which of the above could be the possible reasons for b) 2 only
the establishment of Britain as the supreme c) Both 1 and 2
European Power in India? d) None of the Above
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only Q.85) Consider the following statements regarding
c) 1 and 3 only the Portuguese in India:
d) All of the above 1. Francisco De Almeida was known for the use of
a cartaze system in the Pacific Ocean.
Q.82) Consider the following: 2. Abolition of Sati was a striking feature of the rule
1. Non-payment of tax and duty by the workers of of Francisco De Almeida.
the British East India Company. 3. Prosecution of Muslims was done during the rule
2. Fortification of Fort William and mounting of guns of Alfonso de Albuquerque.
on its walls by the British. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
3. Abolition of all custom duties from Bengal which a) 1 and 3 only
resulted in loss of revenue for the British. b) 3 only
4. Misuse of commercial privileges acquired from c) 1 and 2 only
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the Mughal Emperor by officials of the East India d) 1 only

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Company.
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Which of the above events/incidents were Q.86) Consider the following statements:
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responsible for the Battle of Plassey? 1. The military tactics of Portuguese were largely
a) 1, 2, and 3 only inspired by the French in India.
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b) 3 and 4 only 2. The Battle of Wandiwash proved to be a setback

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c) 1, 2 and 4 only for the Maratha hold in India.

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d) All of the above Which of the statements given below is/are correct?
cm

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
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c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the statements given above is/are

d) Neither 1 nor 2 incorrect?
a) 1 only
Q.87) Which of the following events were the last to b) 2 only
occur in the history of Modern India? c) Both 1 and 2
a) The Black Hole tragedy during the tenure of Siraj- d) Neither 1 nor 2
ud-Daula.
b) The defeat of Marathas at the hands of Ahmad Q.91) Which of the statements given below are not
Shah Abdali. true in the context of the system of subsidiary
c) The treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle between the English alliance?
and the French. 1. It aimed to save India from Napoleon’s excursions.
d) Construction of Bara Imambara by Asaf ud Daula 2. The system prohibited the interference of the
in Lucknow. Company in the internal affairs of the state.
3. The system was a brainchild of Marquess
Q.88) An able Governor and the Commander-in- Wellesley.
chief, he justified the dual system of Bengal citing 4. It was applicable for the larger states only who
the lesser manpower at the disposal of the company. could provide for the upkeep of the British army.
He was twice sent to India to consolidate the Select the correct answer using the codes given
political power in India and approved the double below:
Bhatta allowance only for the officers serving outside a) 1, 3, and 4 only
the frontiers of Bengal and Bihar. He was an ardent b) 3, and 4 only
follower of the Machiavellian methods and indulged c) 1, 2, and 3 only
excessively in illegal presents and corruption. Which d) 1 and 4 only
of the personalities given below has been mentioned
in the above paragraph? Q.92) With reference to the Kittur Rebellion,
a) Warren Hastings consider the following statements:
b) Arthur Wellesley 1. The rebellion was headed by the Queen of kittur
c) Robert Clive and was one of the first rebellions against the
d) Count De Lally British.
2. Britishers prevented the succession of the
Q.89) Consider the following levies collected by the adopted son of the Queen of Kittur to the throne
Marathas: resulting in the rebellion.
Levy Purpose Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1. Zakat Safety of the Mughal ports a) 1 only
2. Patdam on widow remarriage b) 2 only
3. Sardeshmukhi Control over the Mughal subahs c) Both 1 and 2
in Deccan d) Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
matched? Q.93) In the context of the Sanyasi Rebellion, which
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a) 1 and 2 only of the following statements is incorrect ?

in

b) 2 and 3 only a) The Great Famine of Bengal was one of the causes
nl

c) 1 and 3 only of the uprising.

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d) 1, 2, and 3 b) The band of sanyasis killed a British commander

Q.90) Consider the following statements: who was sent to contain the rebellion.
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1. Tipu Sultan is credited with the establishment of c) Lord Cornwalis after a prolonged military action
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the Jacobin club and the arms factory at Dindigul. contained the revolt.
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2. Treaty of Mangalore and Seringapatam were d) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s novel Anandamath,
cm

signed between the English and the Tipu Sultan. was set in the backdrop of the Sanyasi Rebellion.
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Q.94) Which of the following rebellions was due to b) 3 only

usurpation of hereditary lands by the British from a c) 1, 5 and 6 only
class of military retainers during the early part of the d) 1, 3, 5 and 6 only
19th century?
a) Poligar Rebellion Q.99) With reference to Mughal Administration,
b) Vellore Mutiny Consider the following statements :
c) Paika Rebellion 1. The administration was centralised and territories
d) Ramosi Uprising were tri-divided into Jagir, Khalisa and Inam.
2. The Emperor had all military as well as Judicial
Q.95) Which of the following was the reason behind powers
the Ahom revolt? 3. Akbar took away the Financial power from Wazir
a) The administration and annexation of territories Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
where the Ahoms lived. a) 1 and 2 only
b) For the free services to the British without any b) 2 and 3 only
payment and banning the practice of Jhum c) 1 and 3 only
cultivation. d) 1, 2 and 3
c) Due to the banning of the ‘Maria’ (sacrificing of
members of the same community) practice. Q.100) Consider the following statements:
d) It was a result of a proposal by the British to 1. Akbar built the Panch Mahal (Fatehpura Sikri)
construct a road connecting the Brahmaputra which was built according to Hindu design based
valley with Sylhet. on Man Mandir
2. Akbar built the Buland darwaza to commemorate
Q.96) Nij and Ryoti systems were associated with the victory over Bengal
which of the following peasant movements? 3. Despite the subjugation of Rajasthan, there was
a) Pabna Unrest no hostilities between Rajputs and Mughals
b) Indigo Revolt Which of the statements given above is/are correc?
c) Deccan Riots a) 1 and 2 only
d) Tebhaga Movement b) 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
Q.97) The term ‘Sahukar’ refers to - d) 1 only
a) The chief constable of the police force during
colonial rule.
b) Government officers during the colonial rule
c) The intermediaries between the zamindars and
peasants.
d) Someone who acted as both a moneylender and a
trader.

Q.98) Which of the following is/are not a Tribal

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Uprising of 19th century India ?

in

1. Deccan Riots
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2. Khond Uprising
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3. Kuka Revolt
4. Kuki Revolt
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5. Pabna Unrest
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6. Paika Rebellion
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Select the correct answer from the codes given

cm

below:
a) 2, 3 and 4 only
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Q.1) Ans: b o the contracting parties shall not encourage their

peasants in committing hostilities and
Exp: disturbances;
 Statement 1 is Incorrect : o the Nawab promised not to entertain or receive
o Bahadur Shah I adopted a Policy of Conciliation Mir Qasim, the ex-subahdar of Bengal;
towards Rajput’s -He first annexed the two o the districts of Kara and Allahabad shall remain in
Important Rajput provinces – Jodhpur (Marwar) the Nawab’s possession; for his defence the
ruled by Ajit Singh and Amber (Jaipur) ruled by Jai Nawab gave to the Company sovereignty in
Singh who declared independence after the death perpetuity over all the districts (Banaras, Ghazipur
of Aurangzeb. Later on, he made a peace and Jaunpur) dependent upon Raja Chait Singh;
agreement with the Rajput’s and both the rulers o the Nawab shall pay for a brigade of English
were restored again in the same position as troops, if stationed with him, a sum of Rs 2.6 lakh
earlier but rejected their demand of high mansabs per month;
(ranks). In return, they accepted the sovereignty o if the Nawab is in need of assistance for the
of Mughal Empire. defence of any other of his territories, he would
o Jahandar shah Adopted a friendly policy towards have to pay an extra amount.
the Rajput’s and Marathas to ensure the survival  Statement 3 is Incorrect
of empire. He gave the title of Mirza Raja Sawai to o Saadat Khan : He was the elder brother of Asaf
Jai Singh of Amber and appointed him the and came to the throne in 1798 with the help of
Governor of Malwa. He also appointed Ajit Singh the British.
as the Governor of Gujarat and was given the title o Saadat Ali Khan II: He signed a subsidiary treaty
of Malwa. with Lord Wellesley in November 1801, by which
 Statement 2 is Correct : Jahandar Shah the Nawab was deprived of about half of his
introduced the practice of Ijarah or Revenue territory for the maintenance of the subsidiary
farming in Bengal. Under this system, the troops.
peasants who did not have resources available for
cultivation or due to some natural calamities Q.3) Ans: b
farming practices could not be done, lands were Exp:
farmed out on Ijarah to a 3rd party called revenue  Statement 1 is Correct :
farmers/ middlemen o Ahmed Shah Abdali of Afghanistan defeated in the
 Statement 3 is Correct : Kafi Khan called him hands of the Mughals in Battle of Manpur
(Bhadur Shah I) as SHAH-i-Bekhabar (Headless (1748) during the Reign of Muhammad Shah
King)- because he lavishly granted the jagirs and Rangeela
promotions. o During Ahmad Shah's Rule as Mughal Emperor
(1748-54) : Ahmed Shah invaded twice in 1749
Q.2) Ans: d and 1752.Ahmad Shah ceded Punjab & Multan to
Exp: the Abdali.
 Statement 1 is Incorrect: Saadat Khan was o During Alamgir II , he invaded again in 1757
appointed as the governor of Awadh by Emperor  Statement 2 is Incorrect : It was Akbar Shah II
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Muhammad Shah. Later he founded an (1806-37) who sent Raja Ram Mohan Roy as an
in

autonomous state there in 1722. He introduced ambassador to England for a purpose to raise the
nl

several revenue and military reforms, thereby pension.

l.o

making Awadh economically and politically strong.  Statement 3 is Incorrect : Shah Alam II was known
He treated Hindus and Muslims equally in the as Blind Mughal. He was blinded by Ghulam Qadir,
ria

matter of employment. a leader of the Afghan Rohilla during the late 18th
 Statement 2 is Incorrect: Treaty of Faizabad was
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century
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signed between Asaf us Daula and British, soon o Ghulam Qadir with his Sikh allies forced Shah
cm

after his succession after Shuja us Daula. A/c to Alam II to appoint him as the Grand Vizier of the
this treaty -: Mughal Empire. Ghulam Qadir ravaged the
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palaces in search of the Mughal treasure believed o Bengal – Chinsura (Gustavus fort) and Peepli
to be worth Rs. 250 million. Unable to locate such o Andhra – Masulipatam
a sum and angered by the Mughal Emperor's o Malabar Coast – Male
attempts to eliminate him and his Sikh allies,
Ghulam Qadir himself blinded Shah Alam II with Q.6) Ans: a
an Afghani knife on 10 August 1788 Exp:
 Statement 1 is Correct : Captain William Hawkins
Q.4) Ans: d was the first Englishmen came to India. He went
Exp: to the court of Jahangir at Agra in 1609. In c.1609
 Statement 1 is Incorrect : Vansittart (1760-65) CE, Captain William Hawkins arrived at the court
Replaced Mir Jafar by Mir Qasim as Governor of of Mughal Emperor Jahangir to seek permission to
Bengal in 1760. lord Clive again came back for establish English trading centre at Surat. But, it
second term in 1765 was refused by the Mughal Emperor due to
o Mir Jafar : His reign saw the beginning of the Portuguese pressure. Later in c.1612 CE, Jahangir
drain of wealth from India to Britain. He made issued a farman to the English and they
futile efforts to replace the English by the Dutch, established a trading factory at Surat in c.1613 CE.
but the Dutch were defeated by the English at  Statement 2 is Incorrect : King James I sent Sir
Bedara in 1759 Thomas Roe as an ambassador to the court of
 His reinstatement in 1763 by the British took Jahangir. He was succeeded in obtaining
place after the outbreak of the war with Mir permission from the Jahangir for the Company to
Qasim trade and establish factories in all parts of Mughal
o Mir Qasim : During his reign the Battle of Buxar Empire
(October 22, 1764) was fought between the
British and the three allies (Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud- Q.7) Ans:d
daula of Awadh and Shah Alam II). This battle Exp:
ended in the defeat of the allies by the British  Statement 1 is Correct : This was one of the
forces under Major Hector Munro consequences of Permanent settlement system.
 Statement 2 is Incorrect : Battle of Buxar Made The hereditary rights of zamindars were annulled
the British the de facto rulers of Bengal, Bihar and and the position of cultivators was reduced to
Orissa (dual government). It made the nawab of tenants of zamindars. The system did not produce
Awadh a dependent of the Company and the fruitful results for zamindars and peasants.
Mughal emperor its pensioner, thus raising the  Statement 2 is Correct : Pitts India Act, 1784 – It
prestige of the company. It also highlighted the contained a direction that issue of Land Revenue
demonstration of the superiority of the English in should be permanently
military skills and arms.  Statement 3 is Correct : In 1798, John Shore
prepared a minute on land revenue settlements.
Q.5) Ans: d He was assisted by Teigen Mouth. This report
Exp: became the basis of new land revenue
 Statement 1 is Incorrect : Amboyna Massacre of arrangement on the basis of the shore minute.
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1623 : It took place in Indonesia where the Dutch Decennian Settlements was implemented in 1790
in

killed 10 Englishmen and 9 Japanese which was made permanent in 1793

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 Statement 2 is Incorrect : Dutch had trading

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depots/posts at Agra in UP and Patna in Bihar. Q.8) Ans: a

Apart from these , they had trading post across Exp:
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India at following places  While many zamindars were facing a crisis at the
e

o Gujarat – Ahmedabad, Surat, Broach and end of the eighteenth century, a group of rich
at

o Cambay peasants were consolidating their position in the

cm

o Madras – Nagapatam (Nagapattinam) villages. This class of rich peasants were known as
o Kerala – Cochin jotedars. By the early nineteenth century, jotedars
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had acquired vast areas of land sometimes as o They were called Cis- (Latin: “On This Side *of+”)
much as several thousand acres. They controlled Sutlej by the British because they were on the
local trade as well as moneylending, exercising British, or southern, side of the Sutlej River.
immense power over the poorer cultivators of the  Statement 2 is Incorrect :
region. Hence Statement 1 is Correct o Sardeshmukhi was a 9- 10% revenue paid to the
 A large part of their land was cultivated through head of Revenue collector in Deccan region
sharecroppers (adhiyars or bargadars) who o Chauth was a 25% revenue claimed by Zamindars
brought their own ploughs, laboured in the field, in Deccan region
and handed over half the produce to the jotedars
after the harvest Q.11) Ans:c
 They fiercely resisted efforts by zamindars to Exp:
increase the jama of the village, prevented  Statement 6 is Incorrect : They were not fully
zamindari officials from executing their duties, aware of the culture and tradition, and even if,
mobilised ryots who were dependent on them, this would not be the reason for their success.
and deliberately delayed payments of revenue to Infact, unawareness or ignorance of the cultural
the zamindar. connection of Indian people was one of the
 The jotedars were most powerful in North Bengal. indirect factor that led to 1857 revolt (Greased
In some places they were called hawaladars, Cartridge)
elsewhere they were known as gantidars or  British were successful in India, can be accounted
mandals. Their rise inevitably weakened zamindari for the following reasons
authority. Hence Statement 2 is Incorrect o Superior arms & military strategy – The English
arms such as muskets and cannons were superior
Q.9) Ans:a in comparisons to Indian ammunitions of native
Exp: rulers. This military superiority provided an edge
 Statement 1 is Correct : Tipu Sultan had inserted to the British in the war with different Indian
his own name in the Khutba (Friday Sermons at rulers.
the Mosque) instead of Mughal Emperor Shah o Military Discipline & regular salary – A regular
Alam. He even issued a new calendar. system of payment of salaries & maintenance of
 Statement 2 is Correct : Tipu Sultan introduced strict discipline in the English army made the
many measures to improve the economy. One of troops & officers including Indians loyal to the
them was improvement in Agriculture and he company, whereas Indian rulers were facing the
introduced sericulture in Mysore issue of salaries/regular revenue to their soldiers.
 Statement 3 is Incorrect : The Sringeri letters o Civil discipline & fair Election system – The
reveal that Tipu was tolerant in his religious company officers & troops were selected on merit
policies. According to this letter, he had issued basis. They were subject to strict discipline & were
funds for the repair of temples and never aware of the objectives. But in case of native
interfered with worship in temples situated within rulers, recruitment was mostly based on the basis
the Seringapatam fort. He had also given money of caste & personal relations. This affected the
for the construction of the Idol of Goddess Sarda competence of the Indian troops.
e

in the Sringeri temple o Brilliant Leadership and support of Second Line

in

Leaders – Britishers had great leaders like Robert

nl

Q.10) Ans:a Clive, Warren Hastings, Elphinstone, Munro,

l.o

Exp: Marquess, etc. The English also had the advantage

 Statement 1 is Correct : The Cis-Sutlej states were of a long list of secondary leaders like Sir Eyre
ria

a group of small states in Punjab region in the Coote, Lord Lake and Arthur Wellesley who fought
e

19th century, lying between the Sutlej River on not for the leaders but for the cause and glory of
at

the north, the Himalayas on the east, the Yamuna their country.
cm

River and Delhi District on the south, and Sirsa o Strong Financial backup – The income of the
District on the west. company was adequate enough to pay handsome
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dividends to its shareholders and also finance the uniting the Indian Princes against the Company.
English wars in India. Also, England was earning The Company wanted to avoid an interference of
great amount of profits in trade with rest of the the British Parliament into the Company’s Affairs
world. in Bengal
 This strong financial position of the company
provided an added advantage for the success of Q.14) Ans:c
military campaigns in India. Exp:
o Nationalist Pride – An economically thriving  Statement 1 is Incorrect: There were two Treaty
British people believing in material advancement of Allahabad, one with the Nawab of Awadh and
and proud of their national glory faced the ‘weak, the second with Mughal Emperor. In First treaty in
divided-amongst-themselves Indians’ bereft of a August 1765, with Nawab of Awadh, Nawab was
sense of unified political nationalism. The lack of made to enter into subsidiary alliance with EIC
materialistic vision and nationalism amongst the  Statement 2 is Correct: In the second treaty of
Indians was also a reason for the success of the Allahabad with Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, he
English company. was taken into company's protection and given
the district of Kora and Allahabad. In return,
Q.12) Ans:c Emperor Shah Alam II issued a Farman on 12th
Exp: August 1765 which granted the Diwani Rights
 Significance/Consequences of Battle of Plassey (Right to Collect revenue) to the Company of
1757 Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
o Mir Jafar was proclaimed as Nawab of Bengal  Statement 3 is Incorrect : Robert Clive was
o Robert Clive confirmed as the Governor of Bengal appointed as Governor of Bengal after Battle of
o The English company was granted undisputed Plassey in 1757. Again, after Battle of Buxar, he
right to free trade in Bengal, Bihar & Orissa. was re-appointed as Governor and Commander in
o The company was granted Zamindari of 24 chief of Bengal for 1765-67
parganas near Calcutta
o All the French settlements in Bengal were Q.15) Ans:d
surrendered to the company. Exp:
o The British emerged as kingmaker in Bengal  Statement 1 is correct: The Ottoman Turks
 Statement c is Incorrect : In Battle of Buxar, captured Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 and
1764, in the treaty concluded with Bengal, it was established a virtual monopoly over trade in
decided that Naib-Subahdar could be nominated pepper and also controlled trade routes in
as well as removed,only with consent of EIC Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. In response
the Europeans had no other choice than to find a
Q.13) Ans:b direct sea route to India via Africa to satisfy the
Exp: growing demands of their market.
 Statement 1 is Incorrect : The Company  Statement 2 is correct: Venice and Genoa which
appointed two Naib Diwans – Mohammad Reza were earlier active in trade in oriental goods were
Khan and Raja Sitab Roy for Bengal and Bihar too small to stand up to the Turks and Venice
e

respectively. The English Company had directed came to terms with the Turks. To continue their
in

them and other officials to collect as much trading activities the Genoese aided the west
nl

revenue as possible. This had hampered the European countries such as Spain and Portugal to
l.o

farmers, Naib-Diwans, fertility of land and find a direct sea route to India through Africa.
production of foodgrains  Statement 3 is correct: The Portugese wanted to
ria

 Statement 2 is Correct : The main advantage of counterpoise the growing power of the Turks and
e

this system was that the British had the Power Arabs by converting the population of Africa and
at

without Responsibility. Robert clive understood Asia, whom they considered as heathens to
cm

that it was necessary to run a puppet chistianity with the prior permission of the Pope
government; otherwise, it might have resulted in in 1453.
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 Statement 4 is correct: Rise in growing demand  The policy of ‘ mixed colony system’ was to
for oriental goods, with the increase in economy encourage intermarriage between the Portuguese
in Europe during the early part of 15th century. and the Indians.This policy was established by the
There was an increase in supply of meat that led greatest Portugese governor to the east
to increased demand for pepper and spices to Albuquerque.He is considered as the real founder
make the market palatable. of the Portugese rule in the country.

Q.16) Ans:a Q.19) Ans:d

Exp: Exp:
 Statement 1 is correct: With the help of a Gujrati  Statement 1 is correct: The Portugese power
sailor Abdul Majid, Vasco da Gama landed in witnessed a decline by the end of the 16th
Calicut in 1498, thus establishing the arrival of century and gradually lost many of their
Portugese in India. The Arabs in Calicut were settlements in India.
hostile to him, but the local Hindu ruler (Zamorin) o They lost Hooghly in 1631 when they were driven
welcomed him and allowed him to take pepper out by Qasim Khan, a Mughal noble.
and other spices which resulted in huge profit for o The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in
Vasco da Gama. 1739 from the Portugese.
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The Turks, Arabs and the  Statement 2 is correct: One of the main causes of
Gujrati sultans formed a naval alliance and decline of the Portugese in India is because of
defeated the Portugese in the naval battle of their religious intolerance that provoked the
Chaul in 1508. The Portugese recovered from the hostility of Indian rulers and peoples. Their aim to
defeat and in turn defeated the triple alliance in convert the local population into Christianity and
the naval battle of Diu in 1509 which established interfering with the local customs and traditions
the Portugese supremacy over the Indian ocean did not go well with the native population.
for the next 100 years.  Statement 3 is correct: Piracy and their
clandestine practices in trade could not hold
Q.17) Ans:d ground for long and they were unable to compete
Exp: successfully with the other European companies.
 Don Francisco de’Almeida was the first Portugese Internal complications such as limited population
governor in the East. His policy was called “ the and backward economy aggravated the
bluewater policy” which aimed at the adversaries even more.
establishment of a strong navy. The Portugese  Statement 4 is correct: Discovery of Brazil in
introduced agricultural products such as cashew, South America diverted their attention from India,
custard apple, pineapple etc in India. They also as Brazil was rich in all kinds of resources that
introduced tobacco in the court of Akbar in 1604. they were planning to extract as early as possible.
 The Portugese started the first press in India at
Goa in 1556. In a letter to St. Ignatius of Loyola,
dated 30 April 1556, Father Gasper Caleza spoke Q.20) Ans:b
of a ship bearing a printing press to sail from Exp:
e

Portugal to Abyssinia (current day Ethiopia) with  Statement 1 is incorrect: The Dutch set up their
in

the intention of supporting missionary work in first factory at Masulipatnam in 1605, second
nl

Abyssinia. Circumstances prohibited this printing factory came up at Pulicat in 1610. The Dutch also
l.o

press from leaving India and, as a result, printing had factories in Karaikal (1645) , Chinsura (1653),
in India was started. As a result, printing Qasimbazar (1658), Patna (1658) etc.
ria

operations began in Goa in 1556, through Joao De  Statement 2 is correct: In the 17th century the
e

Bustamante. Dutch surpassed the Portugese and other

at

European colonizers as the most dominant power

cm

Q.18) Ans:a in the European trade with the East, including

Exp: India. In 1663, the Dutch captured Cochin. The
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PRAYSA TEST 12 19
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trade was primarily with South East Asia with  Statement 1 is correct: B. M. Malabari was a parsi
India as the transit centre. Goods from all over reformer who advocated to the cause of widow
South East Asia were transported through the remarriage and abolition of child marriage. He
Coromandel coast. led to the formation of Seva Sadan that catered to
 Statement 3 is correct: Pulicat was their main women from all castes and creeds and provided
centre in India till 1690, after which Nagapattam help to those who suffered exploitation and
replaced it. destitution. He was also the editor of Indian
Spectator, an English language newspaper. He
Q.21) Ans:d played an important role in the passage of
Exp: the Age of Consent Act, 1891.
 Initially, the Dutch began to supply cotton goods  Statement 2 is correct: D. K. Karve was a social
from the Coromandel coast to Indonesia and in reformer who was associated with the Prarthana
exchange they secured spices, gold, silver and Samaj and promoted its cause along with M. G.
other medicinal plants from various countries of Ranade. He strongly advocated against the caste
Southeast Asia. system and preached for widow remarriage,
 The second phase was marked with the exporting women education, and reduced age of marriage
of indigo from Masulipatnam and slaves, for boys and girls. He founded the Widow
diamonds, and rice from the Coromandel coast. Remarriage Movement and Widows’ Home
Making India a transit point they brought various Association along with M. G. Ranade. The Indian
articles like, sandalwood from Indonesia, copper Women University was set up by him in 1916 to
from Japan and silk from China. They promote the cause of women's education.
concentrated more on trade with southeast Asia  Statement 3 is incorrect: The National Council for
than with India and did not have much interest in Women was a branch of the International Council
Indian politics either. of Women founded in 1925 with the efforts
of Meherbai Tata. It worked for the abolition
Q.22) Ans:a of purdah, caste system, lack of education among
Exp: the women, and other related social
 Statement 1 is correct: The Bharat Stree causes. Ramabai Ranade is credited with the
Mahamandal was organized with the efforts formation of Bharat Mahila Parishad under the
of Sarla Devi Chaudhurani in 1910 with its first aegis of National Social Conference in 1904.
meeting held in Allahabad. It is regarded as the  Statement 4 is incorrect: Ishwar Chandra
first major organization established by a woman Vidyasagar’s efforts led to the formation of Hindu
with the aim to improve the conditions of the Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856 that legalized
women. Its objectives included promotion of Widow remarriage. He was a man of high moral
education for women, abolition of the purdah values and compassion for his fellow beings. He
system and improvement in the socio-economic was the principal of the Sanskrit college who
and political status of woman all over India. Sarla favored Sanskrit education even to non-brahmins.
Devi believed that the man working for women’s He also served as a secretary of Bethune
upliftment lived ‘under the shade of Manu’ School and opened a large number of schools for
e

 Statement 2 is incorrect: It had its first meeting the cause of women's education.
in

in 1910 much after the first meeting of the Indian

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National Congress in 1885. The Congress was Q.24) Ans:c

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formed with the help of an English civil servant, A. Exp:

O. Hume held its first meeting in Bombay under  Statement 1 is correct: K. R. Cama, S. S.
ria

the chairmanship of W. C. Bannerjee. Bengalee along with Dadabhai

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Naoroji, and Naoroji Furdonji were leaders of the

at

Q.23) Ans:c Parsi reform movements. The Rehnumai

cm

Exp: Mazdayasnan Sabha was formed by English

educated Parsis who seeked to purify and reform
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their religion. It strongly advocated against the  Statement 4 is correct: Reformers like Raja
practice of Purdah, child marriage, lack of women Rammohan Roy, Akshay Kumar Dutta, etc
education and seeked to promote the ideas of believed in universalistic religious concepts.
modern and scientific thinking. According to them, all different religions of the
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The segregation and the world are manifestations of a single universal
discrimination based on different castes was not religion and are based on reason, logic, and the
only prevalent in the Hindus but also among the practice of monotheism.
other religions like Muslims, Sikhs, Christians,  Statement 5 is incorrect: The reformers did not
etc. They also suffered from the problems of favor severing traditional ties altogether. They
untouchability although in a lesser intensity. aimed at reforming the old traditional religion by
 Statement 3 is correct: There was a stark contrast eliminating practices which were illogical and
between the economic and intellectual growth inhuman. The social and cultural life of the people
that took place in Europe and in India. Europe's was largely based on religious beliefs and hence
middle class was born as a result of outright rejection of it was not possible in those
the Renaissance and the flourishing trade and times. The best that they could do was to reform
commerce in the 19th century while the Indian corrupt practices.
middle class grew due to professional jobs like
doctor, lawyer, journalists, and through Q.26) Ans:c
government service. All these occupations were in Exp:
some way or the other associated with the land  Statement 1 is correct: Religion was a strong
and its tenure systems. ideology from the medieval times and hence
social cultural lives of the people was a large-scale
Q.25) Ans:b manifestation of their religious practices. Hence, it
Exp: was not feasible to bring about any change in the
 Statement 1 is correct: Causality is regarded as social condition without first reforming the
the relationship between two phenomena like the religious beliefs.
cause and the effect relationship. The effect in  Statement 2 is incorrect: In the initial days, the
one phenomenon is associated with its cause in socio-religious reforms were linked to the
another. The social religious reformers of religious reforms as the social conditions were
19th Century India stressed upon the analysis of directly linked to the religious practices. However,
causality of any practice. They stressed upon the it later shifted to a more secular
use of logic and reason to analyze and follow a approach. Similarly the reach of these movements
certain practice. was limited to the upper and middle class
 Statement 2 is correct: Investigative thinking is population. However, it later made its way to the
also based on the foundation of logic and reason. lower strata as well.
As per this, one doesn’t need to follow the  Statement 3 is incorrect: These reform
established beliefs and rather have movements had the twin objective of reforming
an inquisitive and investigative approach to find the existing social cultural
out the real rationale behind them. identities and regeneration of traditional
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 Statement 3 is incorrect: The socio religious knowledge systems as well. Hence, these
in

reformers discarded any religious or social tenets movements were not solely directed at the
nl

as immutable and stressed upon the use of logic western language. They aimed to reconstruct
l.o

and reason to understand the beliefs. Reformers Indian traditions as well through the use of
like Raja Rammohan Roy, Syed Ahmed vernacular languages.
ria

Khan believed in the mutable nature of the

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religious tenets and called for the even departure Q.27) Ans:a
at

from the teachings of the scriptures if they are Exp:

cm

illogical or unreasonable.  Statement 1 is incorrect: Rajarammohan Roy was

regarded as the father of Indian
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Renaissance, prophet of Modern Nationalism o Hence, the correct order is Calcutta Madrasah,
and the Modern Man of India. He was also called Asiatic Society of Bengal, Sanskrit College, Brahmo
the Maker of Modern India. He laid his belief in Samaj, and Dharma Sabha.
scientific temper, human dignity, monotheism,
Upanishads. He opposed meaningless rituals and Q.29) Ans:c
idolatry. He established Atmiya Sabha (Society of Exp:
Friends) in Calcutta in 1814 and later  Statement 1 is correct:The movement gave
established Brahmo Samaj in 1828. Hence, impetus to the development of vernaculars.
Atmiya Sabha was not the part of the Brahmo Ramananda and Kabir preached in Hindi, while
Samaj. He supported David Hare on the Namadeva taught in Marathi. The political leaders
establishment of the Hindu College in 1817 and under the influence of these saints, sponsored
also established Vedanta College in 1825. He also translation of many important works right from
established the Calcutta Unitarian the Vedas to Ramayana and Mahabharata. Many
Committee along with Dwarkanath Tagore. great commentaries were written especially on
 Statement 2 is correct: Brahmo Samaj had no Bhakti yoga as preached in Bhagavad Gita.
definite view on Karma and transmigration of the  Statement 2 is correct: Despite the fundamental
soul. It was established by Raja Rammohan Roy in differences between the two religions a stage
1828 and favoured human reason, logic and came where a common understanding and the
political upliftment of the masses. It was based on similarities were highlighted by the saints, for
the twin pillars of logic and Upanishads. example Nanak was more influenced by Islam.
 Statement 3 is incorrect: Radha Kant Both the religions came very close which is
Deb established Dharma Sabha in 1830 which evident from the various social practices that got
was in reaction to the establishment of Brahmo integrated within the religions. They made the
Samaj by Raja Rammohan Roy. It was an orthodox religion a personal experience, transcending all
Hindu organization and did not favour the barriers and created a feeling of ecstasy wherein
abolition of Sati, however, it favoured western everyone could participate and bypass the
education for the girls. ritualistic provisions where the priestly class
always dominated.
Q.28) Ans:a  Statement 3 is correct: It resulted due to the long
Exp: interaction and mutual influence towards each
 Option A is correct: other and it resulted in many great works of
o Dharma Sabha was established in 1830 by Radha Indian philosophy being translated or summarized
Kant Deb as a counter to the Brahmo Samaj. It into foreign languages all over the muslim courts.
was an orthodox Hindu organization. Muslim preachers and saints were attracted
o Asiatic society of Bengal was established in 1784 towards Hindu philosophies like Yoga and
by Wiiliam Jones in Calcutta to encourage oriental Vedanta and the sciences of medicine and
studies. astrology. The Hindus similarly borrowed the
o Sanskrit College in Varanasi was established Arabic calendar.
by Jonathan Duncan who was the resident of the  Statement 4 is incorrect: The proselytising zeal of
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East India Company in 1791 to encourage Sanskrit Islam strengthened the consevatism in the
in

education in the country. orthodox circles of the Hindus. With a view to

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o Brahmo Samaj or the Society of Gods was fortifying their position, they increased the
l.o

established by Raja Rammohan Roy in stringency of the caste rules. The most famous
1828 based on the human reason and scholars of this type were Madhava of Vijanagara
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Upanishads. and Vishveshwara, the famous commentator on

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o The Calcutta Madarsah was established Manu.

at

by Warren Hastings in 1780 to promote the study

cm

of Arabic and Persian language and also the study Q.30) Ans:b
of Mohammedan laws. Exp:
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 Ramanujacharya (11th century)) was a Tamil  Statement 1 is correct: This movement was also
Vaishnavite Saint who taught in the great temple known as the Lingayat movement which was led
at Srirangam. He differed with Shankaracharya’s by Basava (Basaveshwara) of Karnataka who was
‘advaita’ and the minister in the court of Kalachuri ruler. His
propounded ‘Visistadvaita’ or qualified followers were known as Lingayats (weavers of
monism according to which the soul of an the Linga) and Vir Saivas (heroes of Shiva). Vir
individual , though a part of the universal soul , is Saivas were against idolatry worship, caste
yet, distinct from it. He called for bhakti differences, brahmanical supremacy and ill
yoga which means greater stress on devotional treatment towards women.
worship to a personal God as a means  Statement 2 is correct: Basaveshwara was a 12th
to salvation. Another means of salvation was century spiritual leader in Karnataka and
‘prapatti marga’ that is the abandonment of self, propagated moral, ethical, spiritual values for a
putting one’s soul completely in the hands of God, peaceful and purposeful life. An institution based
trusting his will. Ramanujacharya was liberal in his on democratic principles was set up by him to
social outlook and broke the caste barriers. His spread universal love and brotherhood. People
works includes a book called Vedanta from all strata of society irrespective of caste and
Sangraha and also wrote commentaries on the creed were welcomed to join it.
Brahma Sutras of Badarayana and the Bhagavad  Statement 3 is incorrect: Karnataka Government
Gita. on recommendation of Nagmohan committee
 Madhavacharya (13th century) was the founder granted minority status to lingayats and sent a
of the ‘dvaita’ system of philosophy as distinct proposal to the central Government for final
from the monism of Shankaracharya. According to approval, but the Central Government rejected
him, the universe could be divided into two parts, the Karnataka Government’s proposal seeking
‘Swatantra’ the independent being and legal recognition for lingayats as distinct religion.
‘parantantra’ the dependent being.
 Vallabhacharya (15-16th century) was a Telugu Q.32) Ans:c
vaishnavite Saint and propounded the philosophy Exp:
of ‘Shuddhadvaita’ (pure monism). According to it,  Pair 1 is incorrect: Shankardeva was a 15th
God is one, omnipotent and omniscient and the century Assamese saint and socio-religious
cause of all that there is in the universe. He reformer credited for new forms of music called
manifests himself in the form of individual Borgeet, theatrical performance Ankita Naat and
souls and matter (world). Vallabha’s teachings are Bhaona, dance Sattriya , literary language
also known as ‘Pustimarga’ or the path of grace, Brajawali. The compositions of Tallapaka
he was a contemporary of Vijaynagara king Sri Annamacharya, a 14th-century mystic, represent
Krishnadevaraya. the earliest known music called sankirtana.
 Ramananda was among the first bhakti saints to  Pair 2 is incorrect: Basavanna was a 12th-
preach in Hindi. He was the first to admit women century philosopher and Kannada poet from
as his disciples. He initiated the Bhakti movement Karnataka. Basavanna spread social awareness
in North INdia by way of worship of Ram and Sita. through his poetry, popularly
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He taught in Benares and Allahabad and opposed known as Vachanaas. Sant Tukaram from
in

the claims of the brahmins as the sole custodian Maharashtra created poetry in the form
nl

of Hinduism. After Ramananda, the Bhakti of Abhang.

l.o

movement in North-India was divided into Saguna  Pair 3 is correct: Lal Ded, also known as
and Nirguna schools. The origin of Nirguna Bhakti laleshwari was kashmiri mystic. She was the
ria

is generally traced to Ramananda’s teachings. creator of a style of mystic poetry called vatsun
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or Vakh.
at

Q.31) Ans:b
cm

Exp: Q.33) Ans:c

Exp:
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 Statement 1 is correct: Ideas of Islam like them with an economic base and hence uplifted
monotheism, equality and fraternity, rejection of their status in the social ladder.
class division and rituals in religions were  Statement 4 is incorrect: The Sufis were divided
important driving force behind the Bhakti into Be-shara who did not believe in the
movement of the medieval India. Hence Sharia law and the Ba-shara in favor of the Sharia
the Bhakti movement was directly inspired by the Law. Hence, not all the Sufis were followers of
ideas of the Sufi saints. Sufi Saints like Khwaja sharia law. The Ba-sharas were further organized
Muinddin chisti, Nizammudin Auliya directly into silsilahs with the important ones being Chisti,
inspired the Bhakti reformers like Ramananda, Suhrawardi, Firdausi, Qadariya, Naqshbandi, etc.
Kabir, etc. The Be-sharas were wanderers and generally
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Bhakti movement was a referred to as Mast Kalandars or babas.
Hindu revivalist movement started in the
9th century by Sankara, a reformer from Kerala. Q.35) Ans:b
He gave the concept of Advaita or Monism that Exp:
emphasized on the oneness of matter and God.  Statement 1 is incorrect: Aurangzeb was a
He preached the Nirguna Brahman which orthodox sunni Muslim and was intolerant
illustrated the formless nature of towards the Shia and non-muslims. He was a
God. Ramanuja on the other hand believed follower of the Naqshbandi Silsilah of Ba-
in Sargunabrahmana which believed that God is shara sufism. The Naqshbandi silsilah gained
the inner substance while matter is an attribute of popularity during the times of Akbar. It
God. was established by Khwaja Bahauddin
 Statement 3 is incorrect: Khwaja Muinuddin Naqshbandi. Ahmad Sirhindi was one its most
Chisti was a sufi saint of the Chisti order who popular followers and was called Mujaddid. This
preached from Ajmer. Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi silsilah was radical amongst the rest of the silsilas.
also belonged to the chisti order. Whereas, Sufi  Statement 2 is correct: The chisti order was
Saint like Bahauddin Zakariya was the follower established by Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti in
of Suhrawardi order, inspired by Shihabuddin Khanqah in Ajmer. It is the most popular amongst
Suhrawadi. all the sufi orders and worked for the benefit of
the poorer sections of the society. The philosophy
Q.34) Ans:c of chisti order is based on the concept
Exp: of Wahadat-ul-wajood or panthetic
 Statement 1 is correct: Sufism was a mystical monism which is very similar to the Vedantic
tradition of Islam which stressed on the philosophy.
self realization, tolerance, righteousness, and
universal love for all. The Sufis were the Fakirs or Q.36) Ans:a
the poor men who strived to attain the maximum Exp:
form of purity called ikhlas. Their ultimate  Statement 1 is incorrect: The Bhakti
objective was to be one with God and stressed movement in Southern India was divided into two
that love for humanity was the love for God. groups: Nayanars or the devotees of Shiva and
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 Statement 2 is correct: They strictly followed the the Alvars or the devotees of Vishnu. They
in

concept of pir-murshid, which was the Guru- believed that the path to salvation is through
nl

Shishya tradition. The gurus were called devotion to God. They preached in vernacular
l.o

the pirs or sheikhs and the shishyas were language and hence gained wide
the murshids. popularity. Nalayira Divya Prabandham is the
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 Statement 3 is correct: Sufi saints were revered work of Vaishnava saints, Alvars. It was composed
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by the rulers and were one of the recipients by the 12 Alvars. Tevaram is a work of Shaivites,
at

of Inam or the land grant. The Inam was Nayanars. They were a group Tamil saints who
cm

transferred to their descendants and this provided were the devotees of Shiva. Tevaram was
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PRAYSA TEST 12 24
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composed by the three saints namely, Appar, sought the blessings of the saints in solving their
Sambandar, and Sundarar. worldly problems, or simply attended the music
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Adi and dance sessions. Often people attributed Sufi
Shankaracharya gave the philosophy of Advaita masters with miraculous powers that could
Vad or non-dualism, relieve others of their illnesses and troubles.
whereas Vallabhacharya gave philosophy  When the shaikh (master) died, his tomb-shrine
of Shuddh advaita or pure non-dualism. As per (dargah, a Persian term meaning court) became
which, the attainment of Moksha and salvation is the centre of devotion for his followers. This
possible through the deep-rooted love for God. encouraged the practice of pilgrimage or
 Statement 3 is correct: Surdas was a disciple ziyarat to his grave, particularly on his death
of Vallabhacharya and belonged to the Saguna anniversary or urs.
School. He was a devotee of Lord Krishna and
composed Sursagar. Q.39) Ans:c
Q.37) Ans:a Exp:
Exp:  Surdas was an ardent devotee of Krishna. His
 Statement A is correct: Ramanuja was a bhakti compositions, compiled in the Sursagar, Sur
saint from Tamil Nadu who gave the philosophy Saravali and Sahitya Lahari, express his devotion.
of Vishtaadvaita under the Vedanta School. His contemporary was Sankaradeva of Assam (late
It signified non-dualism of a whole manifested in fifteenth century) who emphasised devotion to
different forms or attributes. It is also referred to Vishnu, and composed poems and plays in
as qualified monism and believed that all diversity Assamese. He began the practice of setting
subsumed into a single reality. Srirangam up namghars or houses of recitation and prayer, a
Ranganatha Temple in Tamil Nadu is dedicated to practice that continues to date. He was a disciple
this belief. of Vallabhacharya of South India, and popularised
 Statement B is correct: Madhavacharya gave the the Krishna cult in Uttar Pradesh by singing songs
philosophy of Dvaita or Tatvavada, which glorifying Krishna’s childhood.
believed that soul and matter are two distinct
entities. Q.40) Ans:d
 Statement C is incorrect: Vallabhacharya was the Exp:
founder of Pushti Marg sect of Vaishnavism in  Statement 1 is correct: Andal is the only female
North India. He propounded the philosophy Alvar among the 12 Alvar saints of South India.
of Shudha Advaita or pure non- Andal saw herself as the beloved of Vishnu; her
dualism. Nimbarka gave the philosophy of Dvait- verses express her devotional love for the deity.
Advait and founded the Nimbarka Sampradaya. The compositions of Andal, were widely sung (and
 Statement D is incorrect: Tukaram was a devotee continue to be sung to date)
of Vithoba and famous for devotional poetry  Statement 2 is correct: Karaikal Ammaiyar,
called Abhangs. He popularized the system meaning "The Revered Mother of Karaikal", is one
of kirtans. Eknath was also a Varkari saint and of the three women amongst the 63 Nayanmars
was influenced by Sufi mysticism and Vedanta and one of the greatest figures of early Tamil
e

philosophy. His famous work is “Eknathi literature. She was born in Karaikal, South
in

Bhagavata” (a commentary on Bhagavata Gita) India. Her compositions were preserved within
nl

the Nayanar tradition. These women renounced

l.o

Q.38) Ans:a their social obligations, but did not join an

Exp: alternative order or become nuns. Their very
ria

 The Sufi masters held their assemblies in existence and their compositions posed a
e

their khanqahs or hospices. Devotees of all challenge to patriarchal norms.

at

descriptions including members of the royalty and  Statement 3 is correct: Mirabai, hailing from the
cm

nobility, and ordinary people flocked to these Sisodia dynasty of Chittor, was a great devotee of
khanqahs. They discussed spiritual matters,
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Krishna and popularized his cult in Rajasthan o In simple words, these rulers were required to
through her song. maintain subsidiary forces/forces of British which
were to be organised, equipped and commanded
Q.41) Ans:b by the officers of the East India Company who, in
Exp: turn, were to be paid by the rulers of these states
 One of the major anthologies of compositions by  Policy of Subsidiary Alliance - Lord Wellesley
the Alvars, the Nalayira Divyaprabandham, was o It was an extension of the ring-fence system,
frequently described as the Tamil Veda, thus which sought to reduce the Indian states into a
claiming that the text was as significant as the position of dependence on the British
four Vedas in Sanskrit that were cherished by the government.
Brahmanas. It is also known as “ Four Thousand o The British would be responsible for protecting
Sacred Compositions “. Hence option b is correct. their ally from internal and external threats to
 Tiruttondar Puranam was composed during the their power.
Chola period and it is a literary work of the o In the territory of ally, a British army contingent /
Nayanars British army would be stationed.
 Ajitanatha Purana is a work of famous Kannada o The ally would have to provide the resources for
poet Ranna (10th Century) maintaining this contingent. In simple terms, the
 Unnunili Sandesham is the earliest literary work in ruler needs to take care of the expenses of the
Malayalam English army.
o The ally needs to disband their army.
Q.42) Ans:a o The ally could enter into agreements with other
Exp: rulers or engage in warfare only with the
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Alvars and Nayanars of permission of British. Hence, in this way rulers lost
South India discarded the practice of Jainism and their powers related to foreign affairs and Military
Buddhism. They were against the austerities that affairs.
were proposed by these faiths. The Alvars o The ally needs to act on the advice of British
believed in Lord Vishnu while the Nayanars were Resident who was attached to the court. British
followers of Shiva. They were the important Resident was the designation of a representative
groups of the Bhakti movement from South India of Governor-General who lived in a state, which
particularly the Tamil Nadu. Sufis on the other was not directly under British rule
hand incorporated the teachings of all the other
religions along with islam, like Buddhism, Q.44) Ans:a
Christianity, Hinduism, etc. Exp:
 Statement 2 is correct: Both the Bhakti and the  Statement 1 is Correct : Treaty of Sugauli 1816,
sufi movements rejected the observance of rituals was signed between Nepal and British India in
and ceremonies. They believed in the devotion to which British won.
God through love being the actual path of o Nepal accepted British Resident.
salvation. o Nepal ceded the districts of Garhwal and Kumaon,
and abandoned claims to Terai.
e

Q.43) Ans:d o Nepal also withdrew from Sikkim.

in

Exp: o British had treated Nepalese ruler as sovereign

nl

 All Statements are correct  Statement 2 is Correct : Lord Lytton became the
l.o

 Policy of Ring Fence - Warren Hastings Viceroy of India in 1876. He started a new foreign
o It aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the policy of ‘proud reserve’,which was aimed at
ria

Company’s frontiers. having scientific frontiers and safeguarding

e

o In this policy, the British assured the native States ‘spheres of influence’.
at

of military assistance against the external threat—  Statement 3 is Incorrect : In first Anglo Burma
cm

but at their own expense. War (1824-26) , The Burmese army led by Maha
Bandula was defeated by the Company and the
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Company imposed the Treaty of Yandabo on  Treaty to be finalized only after the approval of
Burma in 1826. the respective governments of the two companies
o Pay rupees one crore as war compensation at home.
o Cede its coastal provinces of Arakan and
Tenasserim; Q.47) Ans:d
o Abandon claims on Assam, Cachar and Jaintia; Exp:
o Recognise Manipur as an independent state;  Statement 1 is correct: William Hawkins was sent
o Negotiate a commercial treaty with Britain; to mughal emperor Jehangir’s court to obtain
o Accept a British resident at Ava (Capital of permission to open a factory at Surat by EIC.
Burma), while posting a Burmese envoy at Jehangir initially was willing to grant permission
Calcutta but later refused due to Portugese pressure. In
the early 1600s the British navy defeated the
Q.45) Ans:c Portugese many times near Bombay and Surat
Exp: which led Jehangir in 1612 to give permission to
 Statement 1 is incorrect: The French East India the English to set up a factory at Surat.
company was formed by Colbert under the  Statement 2 is correct: Sir Thomas Roe came to
patronage of the state in 1664. The first French India as ambassador of James I to mughal
factory was established at Surat by Francois Caron emperor Jehangir’s court in 1615 and stayed there
in 1667 and later another factory was set up at till the end of 1618 during which period, he
Masulipatnam in 1669. obtained the emperor's permission to trade and
 Statement 2 is correct: In 1673 a small village was erect factories in different parts of the empire.
acquired from the muslim Governor of  Statement 3 is correct: Akbar offered William
Valikakondapuram by the French EIC and then it is Leeds with a job as a diamond expert at his court,
developed into Pondicherry, Later Chandernagore along with a house and servants when he visited
in Bengal was acquired from the Mughal Governor India. The jeweller was also one of the earliest
in 1690. travellers to India, gradually made Fatephur Sikri
 Statement 3 is correct: The arrival of Dupleix in his home.
India in 1742 saw the beginning of Anglo-French
rivalry. Dupleix besieged Madras, in 1746 both by Q.48) Ans:c
land and sea which resulted in the Carnatic wars Exp:
from 1746 to 1760.  In 1632, the English obtained from the Sultan of
Golconda, the Golden farman gave them the right
Q.46) Ans:c to trade all over the territories of the kingdom of
Exp: Golconda on a payment of a fixed customs duty of
The Second Carnatic War was due to the dispute of 500 pagodas per year. This farman was again
succession to the Nizam of Hyderabad and over the renewed in 1634.
Nawabship of Carnatic.
The Treaty of Pondicherry brought to an end to the Q.49) Ans:c
second Carnatic War had the following provisions: Exp:
e

 Promise of the English and the French companies  In 1662, King Charles II of England was given
in

not to interfere in the internal matters of Indian Bombay as dowry after marrying the Portugese
nl

rulers. Hence, statement 1 is correct. princess.

l.o

 Acceptance to stay with the French army under  In 1667, the English obtained a royal farman to
Bussy at Hyderabad.
ria

trade in Bengal from the Mughal emperor

 Return by the English and the French companies Aurahngzeb.
e

of the conquered parts of each other. Hence  In 1687, the English East India company moved its
at

statement 2 is correct. headquarters from Surat to Bombay.

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 In 1691, the Governor of Bengal gave the English however, in 1730 it was re-founded as the Asiatic
Company Dastaks, which were free trade passes Company
on the payment of a fixed duty.  Statement 2 is correct: During the Napoleonic
 In 1717, English obtained trade concessions from Wars, in 1801 and again in 1807, the Royal Navy
the Mughal emperor Farukh Siyaar after the attacked Copenhagen. As a consequence of the
emperor was cured of a painful disease by the last attack (in which the entire Dano-Norwegian
English surgeon William Hamilton. navy was captured), Denmark (one of few West
European countries not occupied by Bonaparte),
Q.50) Ans:b ceded the island of Helgoland to Britain. In the
Exp: East, when news of Anglo-Danish hostilities
 Battle of Chaul (1508): The Turks, arabs and the reached India, the British immediately seized
Gujrati sultans formed a naval alliance and seven Danish merchant ships that were in the
defeated the portugese in the naval battle of Hooghly. Denmark finally sold its remaining
Chaul in 1508 in which the Portugese governor settlements in mainland India in 1845 and the
Francisco de Almeida’s son Don Almeida was Danish Gold Coast in 1850, both to the British.
killed.
 Battle of Colachel(1741): It was fought between Q.53) Ans:d
Marthandavarma, the ruler of Travancore and the Exp:
Dutch East India company in 1741. It resulted in  Statement 1 is incorrect: The Arya Samaj did not
the defeat of the Dutch East India company. favor the revival of the Vedic times but aimed at
 Battle of Bidera (1759): The final collapse of the the revival of Vedic teachings. It was established
Dutch in India came with their defeat by the by Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 in Bombay and
English in the Battle of Bidera in 1759. regarded Vedas to be the ultimate book of
 Battle of Wandiwash(1760): It was between knowledge. Dayananda Saraswati gave the slogan
English and the French. General Eyre Coot of the of Back to the Vedas. The Samaj favoured inter-
English army defeated french counterpart Count caste marriages and widow remarriage and at the
de Lally which resulted in the end of French same time provided social service during the
dominance in India. times of natural calamities. It also started
 First Mysore war(1767): War between Haider Ali a Shuddhi Movement to bring those who
and the English started in 1767 and ended in converted to Islam and Christianity back to
1769. First Anglo- Mysore war ended with the Hinduism. Brahmo Samaj was based on the twin
defeat of English and the treaty of Madras. pillars of reason and Upanishadic philosophy. It
was established by Raja Rammohan Roy in 1828.
Q.51) Ans:b  Statement 2 is incorrect: Dayananda
Exp: Saraswati was born as Moolshankar in Gujarat
 The Danes formed an East India company and who founded the Arya Samaj in 1875. He wrote a
arrived in India in 1616. They established book, Satyarath Prakash and believed in Karma,
settlements at Tranquebar in Tamil Nadu in 1620 reincarnation, and the Chaturvarna system of
and at Serampore in Bengal in 1676. Serampore Vedas which included four varnas determined by
e

was their headquarters in India. merit and occupation and not by birth. He
in

was against the theory of niyati or destiny and

nl

Q.52) Ans:c criticized the concept of Moksha.

l.o

Exp:
 Statement 1 is correct :The Danish East India Q.54) Ans:b
ria

Company refers to two separate Danish- Exp:

e

Norwegian chartered companies. The first  Statement 1 is incorrect: Debendranath

at

company operated between 1616 and 1650. The Tagore was a social reformer who joined the
cm

second company existed between 1670 and 1729, Brahmo Samaj in 1842. Earlier, he headed
the Tattvabodhini Sabha formed in 1839
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and Tattavabodhini Patrika. He was in favor of branches in Poona, Satara and other towns of
Widow remarriage, women education and Maharashtra.
opposed practices like polygamy. He was not  Statement 3 is incorrect: Mahadev Govind
radical in his approach. Ranade was associated with Prarthana sabha and
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Debendranath not with Paramhansa Mandali. He along with D.
Tagore appointed Keshab Chandra Sen as K. Karve founded the Widow Remarriage
the acharya of Brahmo Samaj in 1858. However, Movement and the Widows’ Home Association.
due to Sen’s radical views on caste and inter-caste
marriages, he was removed from Acharya's Q.56) Ans:c
position in 1865. Keshab founded the Brahmo Exp:
Samaj of India in 1865 and the Samaj under  Option C is correct: Jyotiba Phule was born in the
Debendranath Tagore was referred to as the Adi Mali community in Maharashtra and fought
Brahmo Samaj. Sadharan Brahmo Samaj was against the caste system, social inequality, and the
founded by Ananda Mohan Bose, Shibchandra domination by the upper caste brahmin
Deb, Umesh Chandra Deb who were followers of community. He was given the title
Keshab Chandra Sen but were later disillusioned of Mahatma for his social service. He founded
by his teachings. the Satyasodhak Samaj in 1873 to promote the
 Statement 3 is correct: Young Bengal welfare of the lower castes and the women. He
Movement was led by Henry Vivian Derozio in authored Gulamgiri, Sarvajanik Satyadharma,
Bengal. This movement was inspired by the ideas and Tritiya Ratna. He opened a home for the
of French revolution and favoured free destitute and widow women in 1854. Darpan was
thinking and rationality. It was too radical for that a newspaper started by Balshastri Jambedkar in
time and hence did not find any effect on the 1832. He is regarded as the pioneer of social
masses. Henry Vivian Derozio was an anglo Indian reform through journalism. Kavya Phule was
who was regarded as the first poet of modern written by Savitribai Phule, wife of Jyotirao Phule.
India. He was the teacher at Hindu College from She is regarded as the first female teacher of India
1826 -1831. and the mother of Indian feminism.

Q.55) Ans:a Q.57) Ans:c

Exp: Exp:
 Statement 1 is correct: Prarthana Samaj was  Statement 1 is correct: Balshastri Jambedkar was
founded by Atmaram Pandurang with the help of regarded as the pioneer of social reform through
Keshab Chandra Sen in Maharashtra in 1867 to Journalism. He is regarded as the father of
fight against caste and communal Marathi Journalism. He fought
barriers regarding orthodox Hindus, caste system, against Brahmanical domination and started
etc. It was more concerned with the issues newspapers: Darpan (1832) and Digdarshan
of social reforms than that of religious reforms in (1840). He founded the Bombay Native General
the society. Paramhansa Mandali was formed Library and started the Native Improvement
by Dadoba Pandurang, Mehtaji Durgaram in 1849 Society.
e

in Maharashtra. It initially began as a secret  Statement 2 is incorrect: Gopal Ganesh

in

society and to reform the Hindu religion and the Agarkar was a social reformer from Maharashtra
nl

society in general. Hence, it focused on religious who co-founded the Deccan Education
l.o

reforms. Society. He spoke in favor of human reason and

 Statement 2 is correct: It was due to the efforts discarded the false glorification of the past. He
ria

of M. G. Ranade that the Prarthana was the co-founder of the New English School,
e

Samaj attained an all India character. He joined the Deccan Education Society, and the Fergusson
at

the Samaj in 1870. While the Paramhansa College. He was also the first editor
cm

Mandali was confined to Maharashtra with its of Kesari (Marathi newspaper started by
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Lokmanya Tilak) and started a along with Jayaprakash Narayan and was a
Periodical: Sudharak. contemporary of Jayaprakash Narayan.
 Statement 3 is incorrect: Social Service
League was founded by Narayan Malhar Q.60) Ans:a
Joshi in Bombay to ensure better social conditions Exp:
and reform of the society. He also founded the All  Statement 1 is correct: Ramkrishna
India Trade Union Congress in 1920. Paramhansa was a priest at the Kali Temple in
 Statement 4 is correct: B. M. Malabari was a parsi Dakshineswar in Calcutta. He had attained the
reformer who advocated to the cause of widow highest spiritual experience as per the Hindus and
remarriage and abolition of child marriage. He led spoke about the issues of ordinary life and nature
to the formation of Seva Sadan that catered to that could be understood by anyone and had
women from all sorts of castes and creeds and universal relevance.
provided help to those who suffered exploitation  Statement 2 is incorrect: Ramkrishna Math was
and destitution. He was also the editor of Indian established by Ramkrishna Paramhansa himself.
Spectator, an English language newspaper. He It aimed at the creation of a group of monks who
played an important role in the passage of were ready to lead a life of renunciation and
the Age of Consent Act, 1891. spirituality and spread the message of
Vedanta. The Ramkrishna Mission was
Q.58) Ans:b established by Swami Vivekananda in 1897 after
Exp: the death of Ramkrishna Paramhansa to carry out
 Option B is correct: Jyotiba Phule was born in philanthropic works headquartered in Belur. The
the Mali community in Maharashtra and fought two organizations are twin organizations,
against the caste system, social inequality, and the however, are legally and financially distinct from
rule by the upper caste brahmin community. He each other.
was given the title of Mahatma for his social  Statement 3 is incorrect: While Dayananda
service. He founded the Satyasodhak Samaj in Saraswati believed in the establishment of Arya
1873 to promote amongst the lower castes and religion as the universal religion of the entire
the women. He authored Gulamgiri, Sarvajanik human kind, Ramkrishna Paramhansa focused
Satyadharma, and Tritiya Ratna. He opened a on the oneness of all the religions. He believed
home for the destitute and widow women in that different religions are the manifestations of
1854. He was married to Savitri bai Phule at the the same God and just provide different paths to
age of thirteen and was influenced by the ideas salvation.
of Thomas Paine’s book ”The Rights of Man”.
Q.61) Ans:a
Q.59) Ans:d Exp:
Exp:  Statement 1 is correct: Both Rajarammohan
 Statement 1 is correct: He was a socialist leader Roy and Swami Vivekananda believed in
who strongly advocated for the promotion the philosophy of Vedanta. Rajarammohan Roy
of inter-caste marriages among the government was regarded as the father of Indian Renaissance,
e

servants in an effort to remove the caste system. prophet of Modern Nationalism and the Modern
in

 Statement 2 is correct: He founded the Congress Man of India. He was also called the Maker of
nl

Socialist Party in 1934 and also edited it's journal Modern India. He laid his belief in scientific
l.o

called the Congress Socialists. He started an temper, human dignity, monotheism,

underground secret Congress Radio. Upanishads. He opposed meaningless rituals and
ria

 Statement 3 is correct: He was inspired by the idolatry. He established Atmiya Sabha (Society of
e

ideas of Gandhi and launched a Quit India Friends) in Calcutta in 1814 and later
at

Revolt in 1942 for which he was captured and established Brahmo Samaj in 1828. Hence,
cm

tortured in the Lahore Fort. He was later released Atmiya Sabha was not part of the Brahmo Samaj.
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 Swami Vivekananda was the preacher of Neo- had been converted to Islam and Christianity.
Hinduism who was inspired by the teachings of They treated the untouchables and those outside
Upanishads and Gita. He believed Vedanta was a the Hindu caste as a part of the Hindu fold.
fully rational system of thought and believed in
the service of all human beings. He advocated Q.63) Ans:b
that the service to man was the service to God. Exp:
The Ramkrishna Mission was established  Statement 1 is incorrect: Dharma Sabha was
by Swami Vivekananda in 1897 after the death of established by Radhakant Deb in 1830 as an
Ramkrishna Paramhansa to carry orthodox Hindu organization to counter the
out philanthropic works headquartered teachings of the Brahmo Samaj. It even favoured
in Belur. He addressed the Parliament of the practice of Sati.
Religions at Chicago in 1893 and talked about the  Statement 2 is incorrect: The Radhaswami
balance between spiritualism and materialism. Movement was founded by Tulsi Ram/Shiv Dayal
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Swami Vivekanada was Saheb in 1861 who believed in the existence of a
a humanist who focused on the welfare of human Supreme Being, a Guru, and a simple social life. It
beings. He also talked about salvation and did not favour temples, shrines, etc. however,
believed that by serving men one can serve God. believed in charity and social service. It did not
 Statement 3 is incorrect: The Ramkrishna call for the renunciation of worldly life for the
Mission is a religious body but it is free from sake of spiritual attainment.
proselytizing nature. The mission carries out  Statement 3 is correct: Bharat Dharma
philanthropic work and helps the victims of Mahamandal was formed in 1902 in Varanasi to
calamites, etc. The Mission lays emphasis on idol manage the religious affairs of the Hindus. It was
worship and its importance on building formed by merging the Sanatana Dharma Sabha,
the spiritual fervour. Although it lays its emphasis Dharma Maha Parishad, and Dharma
on the essence of the God but not on its symbols. Mahamandala. Madan Mohan Malaviya was
associated with this movement.
Q.62) Ans:d
Exp: Q.64) Ans:c
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Post the death of Exp:
Dayananda Saraswati, Dayanand Anglo Vedic  Statement 1 is correct: The Aruvippuram
College was established in Lahore in 1886. Movement or the Sree Narayana Guru Dharma
However, it divided into two over the difference Paripalana Movement was a result of conflict
of opinion regarding the curriculum of the college. between the upper castes and the depressed
The two sections were a college party led by Lala classes. It was led by Sree Narayana Guru
Hansraj, Lala Lalpat Rai, Lala Lal Chand who Swamy who belonged to
controlled the D.A.V. school and college the Ezhavas (untouchables) of Kerala. The
which advocated for the study of western movement aimed entry to temples, public
education. The Gurukul school was established in schools, roads, and other public places of the
Kangri, Dehradun by the advocates of untouchables. It aimed to change the traditional
e

the Mahatma Party which included Lala Munshi distribution of power and organize the Backward
in

Ram, Guru Datta Vidyarathi, and Swami classes into a large federation. The movement
nl

Shraddhananda who advocated the study also saw the contribution of famous
l.o

of Sanskrit and Vedic philosophy in these poet, Kumaran Asan.

schools. Hence, Lala Lajpat Rai was associated  Statement 2 is correct: The Madras Presidency
ria

with the D.A.V Schools and Colleges. Association was formed in 1917 by the non-
e

 Statement 2 is incorrect: The Shuddhi brahmin leaders of the Congress within the
at

Movement was launched during the 1920s by Congress. Keshav Pillai, E. V. Ramaswamy were
cm

the Arya Samajists to prevent communalization in the prominent leaders of this movement. Lord
the social life. It aimed at reconverting those who
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Chelmsford (1916-1921) was the Viceroy of India discrimination. However, it failed to reach the
during its formation. lower strata of the population and was confined
to a small section western educated elite classes.
Q.65) Ans:d
Exp: Q.67) Ans:a
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Wahabi Movement was Exp:
a Muslim revivalist movement inspired by the  Statement 1 is correct: The Singh Sabha was
teachings of the Abdul Wahab of Persia and Shah aimed at modernizing the Sikhs by way of modern
Walliullah. It was launched in response to the education and was founded in Amritsar in
increasing western influence in Islam. The main 1873. It established Khalsa schools for promoting
motives of the movement were: to create modern western education among the masses.
harmony among the various sects of Muslims and The movement was also directed against the
to give importance to individual conscience in proselytizing activities of the Christian
situations where the teachings of Quran and Hadis missionaries, Arya Samajists, Brahmo Samajists,
had conflicting views. and Muslims. The movement held the teachings
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The efforts of Shah of the Guru as supreme and rejected any customs
Abdul Aziz and Syed Ahmed Barelvi were and rituals which went against the Sikh doctrine.
responsible for giving the movement a political  Statement 2 is incorrect: The Deoband
perspective. It was initially targeted against the Movement was an orthodox Muslim revivalist
Sikhs but after the occupation of Punjab by the movement advocated the teachings of Quran and
British, the movement was directed against the Hadis and also the spirit of Jihad against the
British forces. foreign rulers. It was started by Mohammad
 Statement 3 is incorrect: The Faraizi Qasim Nanotavi and Rashid Ahmed
Movement was based on the Islam pillars of faith Gangohi in 1866. They were opposed to the ideas
as established by Haji Shariatullah. The of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and favoured the
movement acquired a revolutionary fervor under formation of Congress.
the leadership of Dudu Mian who organized an  The Aligarh Movement was led by Sir Syed
armed force to fight against the Hindu landlords Ahmad Khan with the objective of imparting
and the indigo planters. Dudu Mian also accorded modern, western, and liberal education amongst
an organizational structure to the movement. The the Muslims. It also seeked to abolish practices
movement was weakened after the arrest of Dudu like Slavery, polygamy, purdah, divorce, etc.
Mian in 1847. present in the Muslim community. As per Sir Syed
Ahmad Khan, Muslims were lagging behind the
Q.66) Ans:d Hindus in terms of education and employment
Exp: and hence involvement in the active politics might
 Statement 1 is incorrect: The Theosophical bring government hostility to them. Hence, it did
Society was formed by Madame H.P. not favour the creation of Congress.
Blavatsky and Colonel M. S. Olcott in New York in  Statement 3 is correct: Ahmadiyya
1875 and later shifted its headquarters Movement was led by Mirza Gulam Ahmad in
e

to Adyar. They were inspired by the philosophy 1889 and was a liberal movement with the
in

of Upanishads, Samkhya, and Yoga and objective of promoting tolerance and human
nl

Vedanta. It laid emphasis on the concepts of rights. They favoured the universal religion of all
l.o

Karma and reincarnation. It aimed to work humankind, separation of religion from the State
towards universal brotherhood and avoid any and even opposed Jihad. The Deoband Movement
ria

discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, race, was an orthodox Muslim revivalist movement
e

color, or sex. The movement acquired a popular advocated the teachings of Quran and Hadis and
at

character after the joining of Annie Besant. also the spirit of Jihad against the foreign rulers.
cm

 Statement 2 is incorrect: The movement accepted

people from different sects without any Q.68) Ans:b
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PRAYSA TEST 12 32
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Exp: of respect and pride towards the past cultural

 Statement 1 is incorrect: Sir Syed Ahmad history of India.
Khan was a British loyalist, a member of Judicial  Statement b is correct: These reform movements
service and later the Imperial Legislative Council aimed at the modernization of the Indian society
who favored western scientific education among and enrichment of the Indian culture by
the Muslims and to align it with the teachings of integrating modern practices. It did not favor the
Quran. Hence, he was not opposed to the blind imitation of the western culture in India but
teachings of the Quran. He believed that religion sought to enrich its
must change in accordance with the changes in  Statement c is incorrect: In some cases while the
time. He was an educationist who founded history of ancient India was looked at with pride,
the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in that of medieval India was looked down upon as
1875 to better the conditions of Muslim women an era of decline in moral culture. Also the
by eliminating practices like purdah, polygamy, activities of the Arya Samajists during the Shuddhi
etc. and to inculcate a sense of practical morality Movement estranged the Muslims. Hence, it was
among the Muslims. in a way responsible for the rise of communal
 Statement 2 is correct: He preached the unity of consciousness among the people.
all religions and the commonality of Hindu and  Statement d is correct: The movement focused on
Muslim interests. He also worked for improving enriching the Indian culture by weeding out
the condition of women through abolition of practices that were considered as socially harmful
purdah, polygamy, divorce practices, slavery, etc. and by promoting the mixing of scientific and
 Statement 3 is correct: As per Sir Syed Ahmad modern western ideas into the Indian culture.
Khan, a religious doctrine must be amenable to
the changing needs of the society. Hence, Q.70) Ans:b
he favored liberal interpretation of the Quran as Exp:
per the modern scientific outlook. He favoured  Statement 1 is incorrect: Mirat-ul- Akhbar was
liberal modern and scientific education balanced the first journal in the Persian language started
with the teachings of Quran. by Raja Rammohan Roy in Calcutta in the year
 Statement 4 is incorrect: He was against any 1822.
political activism by the Muslim as he felt that  Statement 2 is correct: Rast Goftar was
Muslims lagged behind their Hindu counterparts a Gujarati fortnightly paper started in 1851 by
in terms of progress in education and Dadabhai Naoroji, a parsi social reformer.
employment and hence any political activism by  Statement 3 is correct: Sambad Kaumudi was
the Muslims would draw the hostility of the a Bengali weekly started by Raja Rammohan Roy
Government. Therefore he kept away from the in 1821.
Congress. Indirectly, the perspectives of Sir Syed  Statement 4 is incorrect: Swadesh Mitram was
Ahmad Khan were used by the British a Tamil newspaper started by G. S. Aiyar from
Government in promoting their policy of divide Madras.
and rule.
Q.71) Ans:a
e

Q.69) Ans:c Exp:

in

Exp:  The Vernacular Press Act(1878) was passed by

nl

 Statement a is correct: The rising educated Lord Lytton to curtail the freedom of Indian press
l.o

middle class suffered humiliation at the hands of and suppress the dissent that was increasing
the superior regarded Western culture. These
ria

against the imperial power.

social religious reform movements in their  Statement 1 and 2 are correct :The District
e

attempt to reform the evils of the society had Magistrate was made all powerful to sign a bond
at

glorified India’s past culture which was devoid of with printers and publishers of vernacular
cm

such practices. Hence it contributed to the sense newspapers so that they can’t cause any
disaffection against the British rule. In case of
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PRAYSA TEST 12 33
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repeated violations, even the press could be following their victory in the various Anglo
seized. The decisions of the magistrate were final Maratha Wars ). British restored the area.
and they could not be challenged in any court of  Pair 3 is incorrect : SAMBALPUR UPRISINGS (1827
law.Hence, the name ‘gagging Act’. -40) was led by Veer Surendra Sai. Raja Maharaja
 Statement 3 is incorrect: Amrita Bazar Patrika Sai the ruler of Sambalpur died without an heir in
turned overnight into an English newspaper . 1827. Then the British put his widow Rani Mohan
 The Act was later repealed by Lord Ripon in Kumari on the throne. Later, British replaced her
(1881). He was Lord Lytton’s successor as viceroy. with zamindar Narayan Singh. Veer Surendra
Sai being one of the descendants of the ruling clan
Q.72) Ans:c rose against the British until he was captured and
Exp: Jailed (where he spent the rest of his life).
 Statement 1 is incorrect: First person to codify
laws was Lord Cornwalis in 1793. The code
Extra Edge by Only Ias
separated the revenue administration from the
● Raja Narayan Singh died in 1849 without male
administration of justice. Lord Cornwalis was also
heir and Sambalpur was annexed to the British
famous for introduction of Permanent settlement
territory with the implementation of the “Doctrine of
system in which land was given on permanent
Lapse‟.
basis to the zamindar in return of fixed revenue.
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Warren Hastings
brought the Dual Government system of Bengal to Q.74) Ans:d
an end by the Regulating Act of 1773. The Dual Exp:
system of government was established by Robert  Option 1 is incorrect - English replaced Persian as
clive. the Official Court Language in 1835. It was done in
 Statement 3 is correct: In 1781, he founded the accordance with various recommendations given
Calcutta Madrasa for the promotion of Islamic in Lord Macaulay’s Minutes on Education in the
studies. This was the first educational institute same year.
established by the company’s government.  Option 2 is incorrect - Lord Macaulay, in his
 Statement 4 is correct: He auctioned the right to Minutes on education, showed great contempt
collect land revenue to the highest bidder. Divided for indian customs and literature and hence
Bengal into districts and appointed collectors and advised the then Governor General (Lord William
revenue officials. Zamindars were given judicial Bentick) to devote the limited resources to the
powers and there was establishment of civil and teaching of Western knowledge. As a result, State
criminal courts in each district. funds for Oriental Learning were closed in 1838.
 Option 3 is correct -The Wood’s despatch, along
Q.73) Ans:a with laying stress on female and vocational
Exp: education, recommended the setting up of
 Pair 1 is correct : KHASI UPRISINGS (1829) was various Teacher’s training institutions in the late
led by Tirath Singh. It was against The EIC’s 1850s.
attempts to bring in a large number of outsiders in  Option 4 is correct - Unlike Macaulay’s Minutes,
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the hilly regions between Garo and Jaintia hills to The Wood’s despatch asked the government of
in

construct the road linking Brahmaputra valley and India to assume responsibility for education of
nl

Sylhet valley. By 1833, British suppressed the the masses and hence recommended the creation
l.o

revolt. of a Department of Public Instruction in each

 Pair 2 is correct : RAMOSI UPRISINGS (1822-
ria

province.
39) was led by Chittur Singh. The Ramosis were
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hill tribes of western ghats. They had lost their

at

Extra Edge by Only IAS

means of livelihood when the Maratha Territories
cm

● Woods dispatch is considered as a “Magna Carta

were gradually annexed by the British Govt. (
of English Education in India”. It was the first
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PRAYSA TEST 12 34
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better plantation varieties of coconut besides

comprehensive plan for the spread of education in
planting large groves of coconut to meet the need
India.
for coir rigging and cordage.
● It rejected the earlier downward filtration theory
 Option 2 is
(Lord Macaulay’s Minutes on Education) and asked
correct: Porteguese Governor Francisco De
the Government of India to assume responsibility for
Almeida’s Blue water policy or Cartaz
education of the masses.
System consisted of issuing a naval trade license
Q.75) Ans:b or pass (cartaz) by the Portuguese at a low cost,
Exp: granting merchant ships protection against
 The Ramosi Uprisings (1822) pirates and rival states. It was done to control
o The Ramosis were hill tribes of western ghats. and enforce the Portuguese trade monopoly over
They had lost their means of livelihood when the a wide area in the Indian Ocean.
Maratha Territories were gradually annexed by  Option 3 is correct: The Portuguese not only
the British Govt (following their victory in various made money as traders but also started a cruel
Anglo- Maratha Wars). They rose under Chittur slave trade by purchasing or seizing Hindu and
Singh in 1822 and plundered the country around Muslim children, whom they brought up as
Satara. Finally, a superior British force restored Christians. They (in)famously seized two slave girls
order in the area of Mumtaz Mahal, which is said to have infuriated
 Ahom Revolts (1828-33) Shah Jahan.
o The British had pledged to withdraw from Assam  Option 4 is correct: Portuguese Governor Alfonso
after the First Burma War ((1824-26). The British de Albuquerque is credited to have banned Sati in
however, attempted to incorporate the Ahoms’ the region of Goa in the year 1510. Later,
territories in the Company’s dominion. This The Dutch and the French banned it in Chinsurah
sparked off a rebellion in 1828 under the and Pondichéry, their respective colonies. The
leadership of Gomdhar Konwar, an Ahom prince. practice however continued almost unabated
 KUKA MOVEMENT (1840) until the British Govt. put an end to it via The
o The Namdhari movement (1840s) was founded by Bengal Sati Abolition Act of 1829
Bhagat Jawahar Mal and Baba Balak singh.  Option 5 is correct: Portuguese Governor Nino
Popularly called the KUKA movement, it da Cunha attempted to increase Portuguese
transformed into a socio-religious movement influence in Bengal by settling many Portuguese
under Baba Ram Singh. Its principal object was to nationals there with Hooghly as their
steer Sikhism towards its true spirit , away from headquarters. Portuguese merchants indulged in
tawdry customs and mannerisms Piracy in the region in order to avoid customs
 The Pabna Agrarian crisis (1870s) duties levied by Bengal Governors.
o During the 1870s and 1880s, large parts of Eastern
Bengal witnessed agrarian unrest caused Q.77) Ans:a
by oppressive practices of the zamindars, who Exp:
resorted to enhanced rents beyond legal  Statement 1 is correct - Warren Hastings,
limits. One such uprising, in the Pabna district, confronted with the task of safeguarding British
e

was led by Shah Chandra Roy, Shambhu Pal, and territories against the encroachments of the
in

supported by B.C. Chatterjee and R.C. Dutt. As a Maratha and the militant rulers of Mysore,
nl

result, the Bengal Tenancy Act of 1885 was generally followed the policy of a Ring- Fence
l.o

passed. (1765-1813). It was aimed at creating buffer

zones to defend the Company’s frontiers.
ria

Q.76) Ans:d  Statement 2 is incorrect - Sanskrit College was

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Exp: established by Jonathan Duncan at Benaras

at

 Option 1 is correct: The Porteguese often built in 1791 for study of Hindu law and
cm

new roads and irrigation works, introduced new philosophy. The governor general at the time
crops like tobacco and cashew nut, or was Lord Cornwallis.
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PRAYSA TEST 12 35
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 Statement 3 is correct - Under Warren Hastings, the Arabian Sea, built by Portuguese
The East Indian Company’s Treasury and leader Francisco de Almeida in 1505.
headquarters was moved from Murshidabad to
Calcutta in 1772. Q.80) Ans:a
 Statement 4 is incorrect - The Battle of Kharda Exp:
took place in 1795 between Tipu Sultan and  Statement 1 is correct: When Robert
Nizam and Maratha Confederacy, in which Nizam Clive attacked, raided and captured Arcot in 1751
was badly defeated. Governor General John during the 2nd Carnatic War, the French
Shore followed the policy of non-intervention in authorities decided to recall Dupleix , owing to
the war. the heavy financial losses that Dupleix’s policy
involved. Godeheu succeeded Dupleix as the
Q.78) Ans:b French governor-general in India.
Exp:  Statement 2 is incorrect: Although The Treaty of
 Statement 1 is correct: Denmark–Norway held Peace of Paris (not Pondicherry) at the end of
colonial possessions in India for more than 200 the Third Carnatic War restored the French their
years in parts of Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and the factories in India, however the French political
Andaman Nicobar Islands. However, they were influence disappeared after the war. The English
never able to dominate or monopolise trade became the supreme European power in the
routes. After gradually retreating from mainland Indian subcontinent, since the Dutch had already
India, Danes ended their involvement in India by been defeated in the Battle of Bidara in 1759.
selling the rights of the Nicobar Islands to the
English in 1868 Q.81) Ans:b
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The Battle of Exp:
Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Biderra)  Statement 1 is incorrect - The English company,
took place in the year 1759 between a British EIC being a private enterprise, had less governmental
and of the Dutch East India Company , invited by control and hence could take instant decisions
the Nawab Mir Jafar to help him expel the British when needed. The French company was
and establish themselves as the leading controlled and regulated by the government and
commercial company in Bengal. was restricted by government policies and delays
 Statement 3 is correct: The Dutch East India in decision-making.
Company was founded 1702 as a chartered  Statement 2 is correct - While the French
company to trade with Mughal India. It was subordinated their commercial interest to
the first recorded joint-stock company to get a territorial ambition, losing sight of what’s
fixed capital stock. important in the process, the British on the other
Q.79) Ans:a hand never neglected their commercial interests.
Exp: Consequently, their sound financial
 Pair 1 is correct: Fort St. George is the first English condition helped them significantly in the wars
(later British) fortress in India, founded in 1639 at against their rivals
the coastal city of Madras. The fort currently  Statement 3 is correct - The English navy was
e

houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and superior to the French navy; it helped to cut off
in

other official buildings the vital sea link between the French possessions
nl

 Pair 2 is incorrect: William Fort or locally known in India and France. In addition to the navy, the
l.o

as Chettuva Fort, was constructed by the Dutch superiority of the commanders in the British
camp (Eyre Coote, Robert Clive) also played a role
ria

East India Company with permission from

the Kingdom of Cochin in 1714. Fort was later in their success.
e

occupied by Zamorin of Calicut and

at

thereafter Tipu Sultan. Q.82) Ans:c

cm

 Pair 3 is incorrect: St. Angelo Fort (also known Exp:

as Kannur Fort or Kannur Kotta) is a fort facing
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PRAYSA TEST 12 36
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 BATTLE OF PLASSEY: It was fought between the was seen as an intrusion by the British into the
East India Company force headed by Robert Clive religious affairs of the indigenous people by
and Siraj-Ud-Daulah, the then Nawab of Bengal. some sections of the Hindu community.
Several reasons were responsible for the battle:
o Misuse of trading privileges (given to the EIC Q.85) Ans:a
under the Farman of 1717 by Farrukh Siyar) and the Exp:
resultant loss of revenue to the Bengal Govt.  Statement 1 is correct: The Cartaze system or
o Misuse of Dastaks (passes to private traders) the Blue water policy was used by Francisco De
to evade taxes on private trade Almeida, Portuguese Governor for the control of
o Shelter to Krishna Das, son of Raj Ballabh, who had the Indian Ocean. Francisco De Almeida was
fled the immense treasures against the Nawab’s will appointed as the governor of the India by the
o Fortification of Fort William and mounting of guns Portuguese in 1505 to consolidate the Portuguese
on its walls by the British. power in India and also to end the Muslim trade
by capturing Aden, Hormuz, and Malacca trade
Q.83) Ans:b routes. He faced stiff resistance from the Mamluk
Exp: Sultan of Egypt and the Zomorin. In 1507, he
 Option 1 is correct: Radhakant Deb founded this crushed the navies of Gujarat and Egypt. He was
sabha in 1830, specifically to oppose the reforms of the opinion that to be powerful in India, one
advocated by the Brahmo Samaj. An orthodox needs to have full control over the seas.
society, it stood for the preservation of the status  Statement 2 is incorrect: Alfonso De
quo in socio-religious matters, opposing even the Albuquerque was the real founder of the
abolition of sati. However, it favoured the Portuguese power in India. He succeeded
promotion of Western education, even for girls. Francisco De Almeida and conquered Goa from
 Option 2 is correct: British Indian Association was the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510. It was during his
founded in 1851 by merging the erstwhile tenure that sati was abolished, Portuguese men
organizations The Landholders’ Society and The were encouraged to marry Indians and settle
Bengal British India Society. Radhakanta here. The Portuguese settled in major parts of
Deb was the founder-president of the Association, Goa and the Province of the North where they
a position he held till his death in 1867. emerged as landlords and took on a lot of
 Option 3 is incorrect: The Bangbhasha Prakashika construction and plantation activities.
Sabha was the first organized political association  Statement 3 is correct: It was during the tenure
of India, started by associates of Raja Ram of Alfonso De Albuquerque that the prosecution
Mohan Roy in 1836. It worked for reform of of Muslims was done to ensure that Muslims
administrative association of Indians with the commercial advantage was completely removed
British, spread of education, prevention of from India. During his tenure, India Ocean served
oppression of ryots etc. as a Portuguese stronghold with strategic bases at
various locations including the Malabar, Malacca,
Q.84) Ans:c Ormuz, Red sea, etc.
Exp:
e

 Statement 1 is correct: Sati had drawn the Q.86) Ans:d

in

attention of Christian missionaries and had been Exp:

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outlawed in Calcutta, which was under the  Statement 1 is incorrect: The Portuguese brought
l.o

jurisdiction of English law, by the Chief Justice of huge innovations in the domain of military
the Supreme Court as early as 1798. excellence. They brought new innovations in
ria

 Statement 2 is correct: Dharma Sabha was the use of body armour, matchlock men, guns
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formed in 1829 in Calcutta by Radhakanta landing from ships, artillery of Stirrups. The
at

Deb, mainly to counter the ongoing social reform military innovations of the Portuguese served as
cm

movements led by Raja Ram Mohun Roy, Henry an inspiration for the Mughals, French, English,
Derozio etc. Its aim was to repel the law which and even the Marathas and the Sikhs. The system
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of drilling groups of infantries inspired by the England over the years. It began with the Austrian
Spanish model, was an important contribution of war of succession and ended with the end of the
Portuguese in this regard and was taken by a Seven Years War. The immediate cause of the war
number of powers in India. was the capturing of the French ships by the
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The Battle of British and the outbreak of the Austrian War of
Wandiwash of the Third Carnatic war between Succession. It is known for the Battle of St.
the English and the French was a decisive battle Thomas fought in Madras between the French
that ended the French aspirations in India. It was forces and the Nawab of Carnatic (Anwar-ud-din)
fought by the British under Eyre Coote and the fighting from the side of the English.
French under Count Thomas Arthur De Lally. The  Option D is correct: The Bara Imambara was
battle led to the loss of major possessions of constructed in Lucknow by Asaf-ud-Daula in
French in India and ultimately left the English 1784. It is a great piece of architecture from the
without any European rival in the country. 18th century which was interestingly constructed
without any pillar or support. The striking feature
Q.87) Ans:d of the architecture in Awadh was the use of
Exp: mortar (made of brick dust, lentil, tree gum, rice
 Option A is incorrect: Siraj-ud-Daula succeeded husk, etc.) and not the use of marble or red
his grandfather Alivardi Khan as the Subahdar of sandstone.
Bengal in 1756 only to find himself surrounded by
rivals from all sides. He faced resistance from the Q.88) Ans:c
Nawab of Purnea, Ghasiti Begum (his childless Exp:
widowed aunt), Mir Jafar (Rebellious commander  Robert Clive is regarded as the true founder of
in chief of the army), and his hindu subjects. He the British rule in India. His achievements include
was the victim of conspiracy launched by the the success over the Dupleix (French governor),
British and the rebellious group led by Mir Jafar Siege of Arcot (1751), Victory in the Battle of
and was ultimately defeated in the Battle of Plassey (1757), etc.
Plassey. Before the Battle of Plassey (June 23,  He is regarded as the Kingmaker of Bengal and
1757), an incident called the Black Hole Tragedy played an instrumental role in transforming the
has been reported in history where it is believed role of the East India Company into a territorial
that hundreds of English men and women were power in Bengal. He served twice as the Governor
kept in a suffocating room leading to the death of of Bengal from 1757-1760 and 1765-1767.
126 English men.  He was responsible for the Dual system of
 Option B is incorrect: The Marathas were administration in Bengal under the Nizam and the
defeated in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 at Company. The Company was given the authority
the hands of the Afghan invader Ahmad Shah over the Diwani (collection of revenues) and the
Abdali who continuously invaded India between Nizamat (police and judicial functions) functions
1748 to 1767. He captured Punjab from the without any accountability. He justified the Dual
Mughals and took control of Delhi appointing system citing the lesser manpower at the disposal
Alamgir II as the Mughal Emperor and Najib-ud- of the company which would make it difficult to
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Daula as the Mir Bakshi of the Empire. The carry out the functions of the administration
in

expulsion of Najib-ul-Daula by Raghunath Rao, a adequately. However, his system of Dual

nl

Maratha chief led to the Third Battle of Panipat government proved to be a failure in Bengal and
l.o

resulting in the defeat of the Marathas and end of led to confusion and anarchy.
their ambitions.  Double Bhatta or the military allowance was paid
ria

 Option C is incorrect: The treaty of Aix-La- to the military officers who served in Bengal. They
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Chapelle in 1748 marked the end of the First regarded it as a part of their salary, and it made
at

Carnatic war which was fought between the salary of the Bengal officers higher than their
cm

the French and the English. The Carnatic wars counterparts in Madras. Robert Clive caused the
were the offshoot of the rivalry of the French and
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payment of Double Bhatta only to the officers also planted the Tree of Liberty in Seringapatam.
serving outside the frontiers of Bengal and Bihar. It was Haider Ali who had set up an arms factory
 Robert Clive’s weaknesses lay in his greed for at Dindigul with the help of French with the aim to
material gains and Machiavellian introduce western methods of training for his
methods whereby he indulged in huge corruption army.
and derived illegal gifts. His ambition was only  Statement 2 is correct: The second Anglo-Mysore
limited to increasing the power of British in India war (1780-84) culminated with the treaty of
and not on the welfare of the Bengal subjects. Mangalore. In this war, Haider Ali made an
alliance with the Marathas and the Nizam against
Q.89) Ans:d the English and was later betrayed when the two
Exp: (Marathas and Nizam) sided with the English
 Statement 1 is correct: The Peshwas maintained defeating Haider Ali at Port Novo. Post his death
a naval fleet tasked with safeguarding the in 1784, the treaty of Mangalore was signed by
Maratha ports and preventing pirates. Tipu Sultan in which the two sides agreed to give
The Zakat was a levy collected by the Marathas back each other’s captured territories. The Third
from the incoming and the outgoing ships. Anglo Mysore war (1790-92) culminated with
 Statement 2 is correct: The condition of women the Treaty of Seringapatam where Tipu Sultan
was no better in the 18th century where suffered huge losses in terms of his territories and
the kulin families of Uttar Pradesh practiced a huge war indemnity that led to the capture of
polygamy and the practice of widow remarriage his sons as hostage. He lost control of over half of
was not encouraged. The Peshwas were known to his territories.
collect Patdam, a tax on widow remarriage and
discouraged the practice of marriage of the Q.91) Ans:b
widows. Exp:
 Statement 3 is correct: In the 1730s the Maratha  Statement 1 is correct: The system of subsidiary
King held an important position in the Deccan and alliance not only led to the supremacy of the
had the right to collect the Chauth and British over the Indian states but also saved India
the Sardeshmukhi. Chauth refers to the 25 from invasion by Napoleon. The states under this
percent of the land revenue paid to the zamindar were considered as the protectorate of the British
which was collected by Marathas in the and were prevented from forming any
Deccan. Sardeshmukhi was the 9 to 10% of the confederacy or alliance in opposition to the
land revenue which was paid to the head of the British.
revenue collector in the Deccan. In return for  Statement 2 is correct: The System caused
these taxes on the Mughal subahs in Deccan, the the total surrender of external relations of an
Marathas were to place a contingent of 15,000 at India state to the British. The Indian states could
the disposal of the Emperor and to ensure peace not make war or any other negotiations with any
and order in the Deccan region. other state without the consent of the company.
In return, the Company was to protect the Indian
Q.90) Ans:a state from any sort of invasion by a foreign
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Exp: enemy. As per its terms, the Company was not to

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 Statement 1 is incorrect: Tipu sultan was a great interfere with the internal affairs of the state.
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warrior regarded as the Tiger of Mysore. He is  Statement 3 is incorrect: The system was not a
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regarded as a pioneer of rocket technology in India brainchild of Wellesley. It was in practice even
and was a great patron of science and technology. before the arrival of Wellesley in different forms
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He was a great diplomat and supported the at different places in India. It

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efforts of French soldiers in setting up the Jacobin was Dupleix (Portuguese governor) who first
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club in Seringapatam. He had firm belief in started the system of stationing of the European
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democracy and himself became a member of the troops in the Indian states. It was the
Jacobin club citing himself as the Citizen Tipu. He responsibility of the Indian state to oversee the
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PRAYSA TEST 12 39
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expenses of these troops. Wellesley made the great famine of 1770 in Bengal which caused
subsidiary alliance universal by elaborating and acute chaos and misery. However, the immediate
developing it and applying it to almost any state in cause of the rebellion was the restrictions
India. imposed by the British upon pilgrims visiting holy
 Statement 4 is incorrect: The system called for places among both Hindus and Muslims.
the stationing of a British resident at the  Option B is correct: The Sanyasis rose in rebellion
headquarters of the state. It was applicable for against the British and raided English factories and
both the bigger and the smaller states. While the government treasuries. In 1772, the band of
bigger states were to pay for the upkeep of the Sanyasis killed Captain Thomas who was sent to
troops by ceding a part of its territory. The smaller contain the rebellion.
states were required to make payments in cash  Option D is correct: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s
for the same to the company. novel Anandamath, written in 1882, was set in the
backdrop of the Sanyasi Rebellion. India’s National
Q.92) Ans:c Song ‘Vande Mataram’ was taken from this
Exp: novel. Its importance was heightened by the fact
 Statement 1 is correct: Rani Chennamma (1778 – that it became synonymous with the struggle for
1829) is one of the first women freedom fighters Indian independence from colonial rule.
to have fought against the British rule in
India. She refused to accept British sovereignty Q.94) Ans:c
when the British tried to annex the kingdom of Exp:
Kittur. She was assisted by Rayappa and  Option C is correct: Paikas were traditionally
Gurusiddappa. Despite her valiant efforts, engaged in various services under the Gajapati
Chennamma was captured by the British troops ruler of Odisha. They were entitled to rent free
and Kittur fell to the British. She was imprisoned lands in lieu of their military services. But the
in Bailhongal Fort where she breathed her last on officials of the east India Company forcefully
21 February 1829, while her trusted aid, Rayappa usurped their lands and rendered them landless.
was hanged. Further the new repressive revenue policies
 Statement 2 is correct: Rani Chennamma of created difficulties for them. Bakshi Jagabandhu
Kittur, Karnataka, rose into rebellion when Bidyadhar, the military commander of the
the British prevented the succession of her Kingdom of Khurda organised the army of Paikas
adopted son on the throne of Kittur. The East against the army of the British India (1817). The
India Company (EIC) refused to recognise the British faced the toughest resistance so far
adopted heir and proceeded to annex the through this organised struggle.
kingdom. Although codified by Lord Dalhousie  Option A is incorrect: The Poligars were an
during the 1840s, it was practised by the EIC influential landlord class in South India. The
earlier also. conflict occurred when the British government
began to control the Poligars in the matter of
Q.93) Ans:c revenue collection (1798 - 1805).
Exp:  Option B is incorrect: The sepoys faced numerous
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 Option C is incorrect: The uprising was so serious difficulties in adjusting to the new manners,
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that Governor General Warren Hastings after a customs, strict discipline, uniform and other new
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prolonged military action suppressed this methods which led to the revolt in 1806 at Vellore
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rebellion. In 1771, 150 unarmed sanyasis were (North Arcot District).

killed under the orders of Warren Hastings. The  Option D is incorrect: Ramosis were the hill tribes
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Sanyasi uprising went on for about 50 years and of the Western Ghats and rose up in open
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was suppressed completely only in the 1820s. rebellion due heavy assessment of land revenue
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 Option A is correct: The Sanyasi Uprisings took and harsh methods of revenue collection (1822-
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place in Bengal between the periods of 1770- 26).

1820s. The Sanyasis rose in rebellion after the
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PRAYSA TEST 12 40
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Q.95) Ans:a  Option D is correct: A sahukar was someone who

Exp: acted as both a moneylender and a trader. The
 Option A is correct: The British decided to nineteenth century witnessed a series of civil
incorporate some of the Assam territories where rebellions, tribal uprisings and peasant revolts.
the Ahoms lived into the British India after the The common cause behind these uprisings was
First Anglo- Burmese war. Although the British general discontent towards the British Rule. The
had promised to retreat from the Assam region revolts were not just directed against the British
after the termination of the First Anglo - Burmese but the local agents of oppression like the
War. The Ahoms under the leadership of zamindars and money lenders (Sahukars) and the
Gomdhar Konwar rose against the British in 1828 revenue collectors were equally targeted by the
due to this and the British restored parts of the rebels and discontented groups.
kingdom to the Assamese king and gave the upper
Assam to Maharaja purandar singh, the last king Q.98) Ans:d
of Ahom dynasty. Exp:
 Option B is incorrect: It was the cause of the Kuki  The colonial rule deeply affected every section of
uprising in 1826. The Kukis were the hill tribes Indian society, the native rulers, peasants and
residing in Lushai Hills between Manipur and tribals no exception. The 19th century witnessed a
Tripura. series of civil rebellions, tribal uprisings and the
 Option C is incorrect: It was the cause of the peasant revolts. The common cause behind these
Khond uprising. Khonds hailed from the hilly uprisings were general discontent towards British
region of inaccessible areas between Tamil Nadu rule.
and Bengal.  The various Tribal uprisings of the 19th century
 Option D is incorrect: The Khasi uprising in 1833 are as follows:
under the leadership of Tirath Singh was due to  Chuar Uprising (1766- 1772)
this. Khasis were a prominent tribe in the hilly  Kuki Revolt (1826- 1850)
region, between Jaintia and Garo Hills in the  Ahom Revolt (1828)
North East region of India.  Khasi Uprising (1829-1832)
 Kol Uprising (1831)
Q.96) Ans:b  Khond Uprising (1837-56)
Exp:  Santhal Rebellion (1855- 1856)
 Option B is correct: The Indigo revolt started from  Deccan Riots (1875) and Pabna Unrest (1870-
Govindpur village in Nadia district of Bengal 1880) were Peasant movements, whereas Paika
during the later part of the 1850s due to the Rebellion (1817) was a feudal revolt.
inhuman oppression of indigo cultivators.
 Nij System: The European planters produced Q.99) Ans:d
indigo on land which they controlled directly and Exp:
either owned the land or took it on lease. The  Statement 1 is Correct : The Mughals retained
planters hired peasants to cultivate indigo on their many features of the administrative system of the
plantations. Sultanate and Sher Shah Suri’s administration.
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 Ryoti system: The planters compelled the ryots or

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The administration was highly centralised and the

peasants to sign an agreement so that they could territories of the empire were divided into Jagir,
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get loans at a cheaper interest rate to grow Khalisa (income went directly to the royal
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indigo. One of the terms of this agreement was exchequer), and Inam (lands allowed to learned
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that the peasants would cultivate indigo on at and religious men).

least 25% of the land.  Statement 2 is Correct : The Emperor was the
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supreme head of the administration and

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controlled all military and judicial powers. All

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Q.97) Ans:d officers in Mughal administration owed their

Exp: power and position to the Emperor. The Emperor
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PRAYSA TEST 12 41
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had authority to appoint, promote, and remove

officials at his pleasure.
 Statement 3 is Correct : Akbar reorganised the
central machinery of administration on the basis
of the division of power between various
departments, and of checks and balances. In his
determination to curb the powers of the wazir, he
took away the financial powers from him, which
was a big jolt to the wazir’s power.

Q.100) Ans:b
Exp:
 Statement 1 is Incorrect : Akbar built the Jahangiri
Mahal in Agra fort, according to Hindu
design based on Man Mandir. Panch Mahal was
built in Fatehpur Sikri which has five storeys built
in the plan of Buddhist vihara.
 Statement 2 is Incorrect : In c.1572 CE, Akbar
advanced on Ahmedabad via Ajmer and defeated
the Gujarat ruler Muzaffar Shah without any
serious resistance. It was in order to
commemorate the victory of Gujarat that Akbar
built the Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri. Surat,
with a strong fortress, offered some resistance
but was also captured. In a short time, most of the
principalities of Gujarat were brought under his
control.
 Statement 3 is Correct : One of Akbar's most
notable achievements was that, in spite of the
subjugation of the whole of Rajasthan, there
was no hostility between the Rajputs and the
Mughals. Akbar’s Rajput policy was combined
with a broad religious tolerance.
o He abolished the pilgrim tax (c.1563 CE) and later
the jizya (c.1564 CE). He also prohibited forcible
conversion of prisoners of war. It is noteworthy to add
that the Rajput policy of Akbar proved to be beneficial
to the Mughal state as well as to the Rajputs.
o The alliance on one hand secured the services of
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the bravest warriors to the Mughals whereas on the

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other hand, it ensured peace in Rajasthan and many

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Rajput mansabdars were assigned their own

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territories as Watan Jagir, which was hereditary and

non-transferable. They also rose to important
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positions in Mughal services.

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PRAYSA TEST 12 42
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