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Brinell Hardness Test

This document describes conducting a Brinell hardness test experiment. It provides an introduction to hardness testing, lists different types of hardness tests including the Brinell test, and describes the procedure for performing a Brinell hardness test. The objectives are to determine a material's suitability for applications and treatments by measuring its hardness. The procedure involves indenting a material with a 10mm steel or carbide ball under a 3000kg load, measuring the indentation diameter, and calculating the Brinell hardness number.

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105 views7 pages

Brinell Hardness Test

This document describes conducting a Brinell hardness test experiment. It provides an introduction to hardness testing, lists different types of hardness tests including the Brinell test, and describes the procedure for performing a Brinell hardness test. The objectives are to determine a material's suitability for applications and treatments by measuring its hardness. The procedure involves indenting a material with a 10mm steel or carbide ball under a 3000kg load, measuring the indentation diameter, and calculating the Brinell hardness number.

Uploaded by

haryad.tce2122065
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Sulaimany polytechnic university

Technical College of engineering

Mechanical Engineering

STRENGTH LAB
Prepared by: Haryad Hiwa
Supervised by: Barzan

(2022-2023)
CONTENT

 Introduction about Hardness test

 Type of Hardness test

 Brinell Hardness test

 of conducting hardness test

 Objective

 Procedure

 Discussion

2|Bri nell Hardne s s T es t


Experiment number: 1 (Brinell Hardness Test)

INTRODUCTION ABOUT HARDNESS TEST

Hardness is the property of a material (metal) by virtue of its ability to resist abrasion,
indentation (or penetration) and scratching by harder bodies.

It is the resistance of a material to permanent deformation of the surface. In other


words, one can define it as the resistance of the metal to penetration by an indenter. The
hardness of a surface of the material is, of course, a direct result of inter-atomic forces
acting on the surface of the Material. We must note that hardness is not a fundamental
property of a material, however, but rather a combined effect of compressive, elastic
and plastic properties relative to the mode of penetration, shape of penetrator, etc.
Hardness seems to bear a fairly constant relationship to the tensile strength of a given
material and thus it can be used as a practical non-destructive test for an approximate
idea of the value of that property and the state of the metal near the surface.

All hardness tests are made on the surface or close to it. We may note that in
mechanical tests the bulk of material is involved. Sometimes, hardness is expressed in
terms of macro-hardness and micro-hardness. The macro hardness of material relates
to its resistance to larger volume displacements in plastic deformation, whereas micro
hardness is the hardness of the materials in microscopically small volumes e.g. in grain
boundaries. Hardness of materials is of importance for dies and punches, limit gauges,
cutting tools, bearing surfaces etc. Softness of a material is opposite extreme of
hardness. On heating all materials become soft.

3|Bri nell Hardne s s T es t


TYPE OF HARDNESS TEST

 Brinell hardness test

 Vickers hardness test

 Rockwell hardness test

 Rebound hardness test

 Scratch test

BRINELL HARDNESS TEST


Brinell hardness tester is a apparatus to test the hardness of any specimen against
abrasion, scratches etc.
In this tester a small metallic ball of specific diameter is pressed against the specimen
with specific load for specific time and the impression made on the specimen by the
small metallic ball is used to determine the hardness of the material.

4|Bri nell Hardne s s T es t


STEPS FOR CONDUCTING HARDNESS TEST
The Brinell hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a 10 mm
diameter hardened steel or carbide ball subjected to a load of 3000 kg. For softer
materials the load can be reduced to 1500 kg or 500 kg to avoid excessive indentation.
The full load is normally applied for 10 to 15 seconds in the case of iron and steel and
for at least 30 seconds in the case of other metals. The diameter of the indentation left
in the test material is measured with a low powered microscope. The Brinell harness
number is calculated by dividing the load applied by the surface area of the indentation.

The diameter of the impression is the average of two readings at right angles and the
use of a Brinell hardness number table can simplify the determination of the Brinell
hardness. A well structured Brinell hardness number reveals the test conditions, and
looks like this, "75 HB 10/500/30" which means that a Brinell Hardness of 75 was
obtained using a 10mm diameter hardened steel with a 500 kilogram load applied for a
period of 30 seconds. On tests of extremely hard metals a tungsten carbide ball is
substituted for the steel ball. Compared to the other hardness test methods, the Brinell
ball makes the deepest and widest indentation, so the test averages the hardness over
a wider amount of material, which will more accurately account for multiple grain
structures and any irregularities in the uniformity of the material. This method is the best
for achieving the bulk or macro-hardness of a material, particularly those materials with
heterogeneous structures.

5|Bri nell Hardne s s T es t


OBJECTIVES
The hardness test is a mechanical test for material properties which are used in
engineering design, analysis of structures, and materials development. The principal
purpose of the hardness test is to determine the suitability of a material for a given
application, or the particular treatment to which the material has been subjected. The
ease with which the hardness test can be made has made it the most common method
of inspection for metals and alloys.

PROCETURE
1.Clean and smooth the material's surface to prepare it for testing.

2. Use the 9.8 kN test force by carefully rotating the hand wheel. Avoid turning too soon;
wait 10–12 seconds. The force will remain on it.

3.Use a vernier or other measuring tool to determine the diameter of the resultant
depression.

4.Enter the numbers in fields d1 and d after measuring the indentation's diameter at
least twice at a 90-degree angle.

5. Choose the field labeled Compute. The equation is used to determine the Brinell
hardness, which is then presented together with the mean value from d1 and d2.

6|Bri nell Hardne s s T es t


DISCUSSION
We noticed the indentations and it was an experiment with a lot of information, even
though it was the second experiment on the same day, but we finished it and expect to
learn more the next time. The Brinell hardness test for materials was the last thing we
learnt to do. The test was simple.

7|Bri nell Hardne s s T es t

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