Thanks for trying out Immersive Reader. Share your feedback with us. <7 x Protection Relay Settings ensuring effective coordination and familiarization with ABB relays Introduction Protection relay settings in power system plays a very vital role for safe operation of power system ensuring minimal outage to end user thereby contributing to less loss in terms of financial matters to utility as well. In other words, protective relay in any components of power system are backbone of system, the failure or maloperation may lead to undesired or nuisance tripping causing failure of equipment’s at local end as well as remote end effecting large number of consumers, ‘Modem day power system operates as a whole thus effective coordination between relays at local and remote end ensures power system reliability, quality, stability ensuring healthy operation of power system which is beneficial to both utility and consumers. The non-effective coordination may lead the fault to migrate from effected to non-effected zone thereby collapsing the entire power system. The all relays in power system has their own actuating quantity on the basis of which desired protection objectives is fulfilled, but it must be made sure that any part of the system must not be left unprotected. In this blog, I will basically be dealing with settings of earth fault and overcurrent relay which is one of the most happening faults in power system connected with end user, the earth fault being the most severe one, Also, the coordination example will be illustrated for earth fault and over current protection since beside this in other protection coordination sequence is often less required. Parameters for Relay Setting O/C and EJF relays are those relays that respond to current only. The relay will operate if the current passing through the operating coil are higher than the threshold current, The threshold current is the set current below which the relays must not operate and above which they should operate. Basically, overcurrent relay is a type of protective relay which operates when the load current exceeds a preset value whereas earthfault relay operates having current threshold of 10-20% of load current. Depending upon the time of operations relays may be classified as: Standard Inverse Definite Time Relay ‘These are relay whose operating time is approximately inversely proportional to fault current near pick up value and becomes substantially constant slightly above the pick-up value of the relay.0.14 PSM002—1 SIR (t) = Extremely Inverse Relay This relays are used for the protection of transformer, achieve accurate discrimination with fuses and auto re EIR (t) = ibles and feeders because it is possible to closures in their case. 80 PSM?2—-1 Very Inverse Relay The time current characteristic is inverse over a greater range and after saturation tends to definite time. This type of relays are employed in feeders and long sub transmission lines, VIR (t) - 13.5 PSM Settings of O/C and E/F relay The relay setting for overcurrent and earth fault protection requires parameters such as load current (often assumed) depending upon the load consumption data recorded on log sheet during peak time which is to be supplied by particular feeder. The CT ratio in which the primary feeds the load and ondary feeds the relay. The required overcurrent and earth fault threshold, which is to be adopted according to utility standard of requirement. I have adopted 110% and 10% threshold for O/C and E/F settings. I have tried to show the simplest technique for protective relay setting, there are other techniques where fault current is employed which shall be shown in next blog, Step 1: Assume Load Current (IL) Step 2: Gather CT ratio (for ex: 200/14, 400/1A, 800/1A etc.) Step 3: Assume threshold for O/C and E/F protectionStep 4: Calculate Fault Current For ex: If %Z of largest transformer connected at local end is 11%, then for fault current at 33KV voltage level is = IL/%Z = 4771.63 A (if transformer size is 30 MVA), Step 5: Calculate Relay Plug Setting Multiplier PSM ~ Fault Current/Actual Pickup For Ex: If load current is assumed as 500A, then overload current = 500 x 1.1 = 550A. Plug Setting for O/C = 550/800 = 0.68 Step 6: Calculating operating time of relay. Since normal or standard inverse time relay is adopted the time-delay is calculated from formula given above. aa 33 KV Line Description al 1 | Load Current (A), IL 500 2| CT Primary Current (A) 800 3 [ CT Secondary Current (A) i 4 | Over Load Current Setting (%) 110% 5 | Over Load Current (A), In 530 6 | OVC Relay Plug Setti us ici de 0.68 x In Operating time of O/C Relay (sec) 0.36 8 | Earth Fault Current Setting (26) 10% 9 | Earth Fault Current (A). In 30 0.0625 10 | E/F Relay Plug Setting aa 11 | Operating time of E/F Relay (sec) 01 Device Numbers (IEC-617, IEEEC37.2-1991) 51, 51N Relay Operating Characterist Now lay Operating Characteristics | 1), tional Relay Adopted Tinting Characteristics | EC Normal Inverse ABB Relay Model No REF 615 Relay Co-ordinationThe basic of parameter calculation is same as explained above but the objective of coordination shall bbe such that fault at any place must be cleared by substation near it and should not migrate upstream or downstream. The correct application and setting of relays require a knowledge of the fault current at each part of the power system network. The following data are required for finding out the setting of the relay. 1. A single line diagram of the power system. 2.The impedance of the transformers, feeders, in ohm or in PU. 3.The maximum peak load current in feeder and full load current of transformer. 4. Maximum and minimum short circuit current that are expected to flow. 5.Type and rating of the protective devices and transformer: ‘The time interval of operation between two adjacent relays depends upon a number of factors; 5 The fault current interrupting time of the circuit breaker. 4 The overshoot time of the relay ©] Variation in measuring devices errors. + Factors of safety. In above figure, relay co-ordination is achieved when fault FI is cleared by relay RI and also operating sequence of relay shall be in following manner: R4>R3>R2>R1. Writing Setting Parameters to Relay In this blog, setting the calculated parameters to relay has been shown, For this purpose, ABB relay has been adopted having model no: REF 615. This blog will only be informative and the detail explanation shall be explained in another blog for setting distance relays of line or transformer differential protection. The settings parameters to relay could be feed directly into relays manually with the help of buttons or by employing computer. Feeding parameters manually may be complex and tedious sometimes when large number of data are to be feeded, for ex: line protection, transformer protection. ABB requires PCM600 software to enable computer to access relays. In this blog, I will be only showing the step regarding setting of overcurrent relays. Step 1: Gather LAN cable and Open PCM 600 software, connect one end to relay and another to your PC port. Step 2: In order to connect relays optically, you must have connectivity package for that relay which is available freely. For ex: I must have REF 615 relay connectivity package in order to write into that relay.Step 3: Create new project and make it according to your substation maintaining it in hierarchical order from higher voltage at top to lower at bottom. Step 4: Add no. of feeders in each voltage level as it is required. For ex: I am concerned with one 33kV line Feeder. I will go to 33kV voltage level and add relays added to that feeder as shown in below figure. Step 5: After addition of relays, go to application configuration, then to protection, then to settings and then to your desired protection as shown below: meer ABET Step 6: Since I am only dealing with overcurrent protection in this blog, thus for that we need to go for current protection and then to PHLPTOC! which is ANSI code for low set over current first instance 1 overcurrent protection. Right click on that and go to parameter setting and enable protection and input your plug setting and operating time of relay.Sead Su TReCs 000 ae go mmm Step 7: After inputting all data and parameters click on ‘Write Parameters to TED” available in top task bar of application. This blog is very general to be familiar with protection settings and IED. The detail calculation of some complex protection schemes with IED shall be presented in my next blog. -ANAND MANDAL