Law No.

15 of 2002 on Civil Aviation 15 / 2002

Number of Articles: 116
Table of Content
Chapter One (1-4)

Definitions and General Provisions (1-4)

Chapter Two (5-11)

Aerodromes and Air Navigation Facilities (5-11)

Chapter Three (12-23)

Aircraft Operation (12-23)

Chapter Four (24-30)

Rules of the Air (24-30)

Chapter Five (31-33)

Licenses (31-33)

Chapter Six (34-37)

Registration of Aircraft (34-37)

Chapter Seven (38-45)

Airworthiness (38-45)

Chapter Eight (46-49)

Documentations and Records (46-49)

Chapter Nine (50-58)

Commercial Air Transport (50-58)

Chapter Ten (59-60)

Flight Charges (59-60)

Chapter Eleven (61-68)

Aviation Accidents (61-68)

Chapter Twelve (69-73)

Search and Rescue (69-73)

Chapter Thirteen (74-92)

Liabilities and Safeguards Related to the Operation of Aircrafts (74-92)

Chapter Fourteen (93-101)

Crimes of Aggression Against Aircraft (93-101)

Chapter Fifteen (102-113)

Penalties (102-113)

We, Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, Emir of the State of Qatar;

Having perused the Amended Provisional Constitution, in particular Article
23, 34 and 51;
Law No. 2 of 1962 regulating the public fiscal policy of Qatar, as amended
by Decree Law No. 19 of 1996;
The Penal Code of Qatar promulgated by Law No. 14 of 1971, and
amending laws thereof;
The Criminal Procedure Law promulgated by Law No. 15 of 1971 and the
amending laws thereof;
Law No. 3 of 1974 on the procedures for the investigation of aviation
accidents;
Law No. 5 of 1989 on the State Budget;
Law No. 4 of 1995 on the Audit Bureau, as amended by Law No. 12 of
1999;
Decree Law No. 16 of 2001 establishing the Civil Aviation Authority;
The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to
International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929, and
the protocols thereof, the Hague (1955), Montreal (1975/2), Montreal
(1975/4), as ratified by the State;
The Convention on International Civil Aviation, Chicago 1944, and the
Annexes and Amendments thereof, as ratified by the State;
The Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on
the Surface, signed at Rome in 1952 and the Protocol signed at Montreal in
(1978), as ratified by the State;
The Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board
Aircraft, signed at Tokyo in 1963; the Convention for the Suppression of
Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at the Hague in 1970; and the
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Interference against the
Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal in 1971;
The Draft Law submitted by the Council of Ministers; and
Having consulted the Shura Council;
Hereby promulgate the following:

Chapter One

Definitions and General Provisions

Article 1

In the application of the provisions of this Law, the following words and phrases shall have the
meanings assigned to each, unless the context requires otherwise:

1. “State” means the State of Qatar.

2. “Territory of the State” means the land areas and territorial waters adjacent thereto and the
airspace above such land areas and territorial waters under the sovereignty and control of
the State.
3. “State of Registry” means the state where an aircraft is registered.
4. “Civil Aviation Authority” means the Directorate General of Civil Aviation or any other
competent authority tasked with specific functions under this Law.
5. “Chicago Convention” means the Convention on International Civil Aviation signed at
Chicago on 7 December 1944 and the annexes and amendments thereto ratified by the State.
6. “Aircraft” means any machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air and includes
all air ships such as balloons, gliders and fixed-wing and non-fixed-wing aircraft.
7. “Operator” means a person or legal entity that has the authority to operate an aircraft whose
crew members are under the authority of such person or legal entity, whether directly or for
another entity.
8. “State of the Operator” means the State in which the operator's principal place of business
or permanent residence is located.
9. “Air Traffic” means all aircraft either in the air or operating on the maneuvering area of an
aerodrome.
10. “Aerodrome” means a defined area on land or water, including any buildings, installations
and equipment, from which aircraft flight operations take place.
11. “International Airport” means an airport designated by the State in its territory for the arrival
and departure of international air traffic and where the formalities for customs,
immigrations, public house quarantine (animal and plant) and similar procedures are carried
out.
12. “Maneuvering Area at the Airport” means that part of an aerodrome used for the take-off,
landing and taxiing of aircraft and all other related operations.
13. “Flight Time” means the total time from the moment an aircraft takes off until the moment
it comes to rest at the end of the flight.
14. “Pilot in Command” means the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft
during flight time.
15. “Flight Crew Member” means a licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the
operation of an aircraft during a flight duty period.
16. “Crew Member” means a person assigned by an operator for duty on an aircraft during a
flight duty period.
17. “Prohibited Area” means airspace of defined dimensions above the land areas or territorial
waters of a State within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited.
18. “Restricted Area” means airspace of defined dimensions above the land areas or territorial
waters of a State within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with specified
conditions.
19. “Dangerous Area” means airspace of defined dimensions within which operations
dangerous to aviation at certain times are declared by the Civil Aviation Authority.
20. “Air Service” means any scheduled air route used by aircraft for the transport of passengers,
mail or cargo.
21. “International Air Service” means an air service which passes through the airspace over the
territory of more than one State.
22. “Air Carrier” means any person or legal entity that offers or engages in the operation of air
services for the carriage of passengers, mail or cargo.
23. “Airline” means any air carrier that operates flights to and from an international airport in
the territory of a State.
24. “Acrobatic Flight” means maneuvers intentionally performed by an aircraft involving an
abrupt change in its attitude or abnormal attitude or an abnormal variation in speed.
 25. “Aircraft Accident” means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which
takes place between the time a person boards the aircraft for a flight and the time such person
has disembarked, during which:
26. A person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of being in the aircraft or in direct contact
with any part of the aircraft, including parts attached to the aircraft.
27. The aircraft sustains serious damage.
28. The aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible. This excludes injuries resulting from
natural causes or caused by the persons themselves or other persons, or persons who
infiltrate and hide outside areas prepared for passengers and crew members.
29. “Aircraft Incident” means an occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the
operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of its operation.
30. “Flight Certificate” means a general authorisation issued by the Civil Aviation Authority
containing detailed regulatory provisions under which an operator of an aircraft or an air
carrier may perform air operations in the territories of the State for a specified period of
time. Such authorisation shall also contain the cases of suspension or revocation.
31. “Flight Authorisation” means the approval issued by the Civil Aviation Authority to conduct
one or more air operations.
32. “Certificate of Airworthiness” means a document issued by the Civil Aviation Authority
certifying the airworthiness of the aircraft during a specific period of time on condition that
the operator follows the requirements contained in such a document.

Article 2
1. The provisions of this Law shall apply to the following:

1. Civil aviation in the territory of the State.

2. Civil aircraft registered in the State wherever they are located, without prejudice to
the provisions of the laws of foreign States where such aircraft are operated.
3. General air transport.
4. All airships, unless deemed impossible due to the nature of such airships.

1. The provisions of this Law shall not apply to military aerodromes and aircraft.
2. Certain state aircraft may, when necessary, be exempted from the application of certain
provisions of this Law upon a decision by the Council of Ministers.

Article 3
In the absence of relevant provisions in this Law, the provisions of the Chicago Convention and
other international civil aviation treaties and conventions to which the State acceded to or shall
accede to in the future shall be applicable.

Article 4
The Civil Aviation Authority shall be responsible for the organization of civil aviation and civil
airports of the State, and shall have the capacity to issue rules, regulations and directives necessary
for the discharge of such functions.

Chapter Two

Aerodromes and Air Navigation Facilities

Article 5

The construction, development, use and operation of airports and runways shall not be permitted in
the State without prior authorisation from the Civil Aviation Authority.

Article 6
All facilities, buildings, cables, apparatus, equipment, telecommunication stations, and beacons of
the Civil Aviation Authority shall be deemed State properties.

Article 7
Special easements called “aeronautical easements” to ensure air navigation safety and the proper
functioning of related equipment shall be established, under which the following powers shall be
given to the Civil Aviation Authority:

1. Prevention of the establishment or demolition of any buildings, constructions, objects and

barriers of any kind, and determination of their heights.
2. Prevention of the installation or fixation of cables of any kind.
 3. Placement of guide signs for obstacles that represent a threat to air navigation safety.

The Civil Aviation Authority shall determine the scope and extent of aeronautical easements and
the areas where such easements are applied in a manner that ensures the safety of air navigation and
the protection of persons and properties in accordance with the relevant established international
rules and regulations.

Article 8
Constructions, establishment of obstacles, and changes in the nature or use of areas covered by
aeronautical easements shall only take place with prior authorisation by the Civil Aviation Authority
according to the established requirements.

Article 9 (Amended By Law 21/2008)

1- No light or radio beacons shall be established without the prior approval of the Civil
Aviation Authority.

1. The Civil Aviation Authority, in coordination with the appropriate Authority, may remove
or change any light device that could cause confusion with other air navigation light devices.
Such authority may also impose the necessary restrictions on facilities that generate smoke
or other particles that may affect visibility around airports or may jeopardize air navigation
safety.
2. Individuals inside and outside the airport shall be prohibited from utilizing civilian
frequencies in voice communication devices related to ground handling in civil aviation
without permission from the Civil Aviation Authority and without the successful testing and
certification of such devices.
3. Any person who possesses or utilizes electric devices or metal installations, whether fixed
or mobile, that may interfere with the function of radio devices or air navigation aids shall
abide by the measures specified by the Civil Aviation Authority for eliminating such
interference.
4. The Civil Aviation Authority, in coordination with the appropriate Authority, may, where
necessary, request any person to refrain from utilizing the said electric devices or order the
removal of the said metal installations.

Article 10
 1- The Civil Aviation Authority may possess the real estate necessary to establish air
navigation or air control stations, in accordance with the established laws.

1. A fair compensation shall be paid, under general laws, in return for the imposition of
aeronautical easements.

Article 11
The Civil Aviation Authority, in participation with other appropriate State Authorities, shall develop
regulations and directives necessary to maintain security at State airports so as to ensure the safety
of aircraft, navigational aids, facilities, and buildings thereof.

Chapter Three

Aircraft Operation

Article 12

1. Aircraft shall not be operated in the territory of the State without a prior authorisation or
permit issued by the Civil Aviation Authority, which shall also determine the requirements
thereof. The operator shall be authorised to conduct certain air operations under this Law, an
international convention to which the State accedes, a valid air transport agreement between
the State and another State to regulate air transport, or internal regulations established by the
Civil Aviation Authority.

1. The authorisation or permit shall be given individually and shall not be transferred to other
parties.

Article 13
Aircraft operating in the territory of the State shall meet the following requirements:

1. The aircraft must be registered in the State or registered in accordance with the rules of the
International Registry as stipulated in the Chicago Convention.
2. The certificate of airworthiness of the aircraft must be valid or rendered valid by the State
of registration.
3. The aircraft must carry visible signs of nationality and registration.
 4. The aircraft must be equipped with the devices approved by the state of registration in
addition to that which the Civil Aviation Authority determines.
5. Members of the crew must hold valid licenses issued or rendered valid by the Civil Aviation
Authority of the State of registration. The crew must match the number and qualifications
established in the airworthiness certificate and aviation manual.
6. The aircraft crew, passengers and cargo and third parties on the ground must be insured
pursuant to the relevant established rules.
7. The carrier of the certificate of an air operator in the State shall not be allowed to operate
aircraft registered in another contracting State unless the Civil Aviation Authority is
provided with the following information:

1. Type and serial number of aircraft;

2. Name and address of the registered owner;
3. The State and symbol of registration;
4. Certificate of airworthiness to certify that the aircraft meets the airworthiness requirements
established by the State of registration.
5. Name and address of the lessor or the person in charge of the operation of the aircraft under
the lease.
6. A copy of the lease.

1. An agreement shall be concluded between the State and the State of registration of the
aircraft in which the scope, limits and liabilities of each party shall be accurately established
in relation to overseas flight operations and airworthiness pursuant to the requirements stated
in Article 83 (bis) of the Chicago Convention.
2. An air operator in the State shall not be allowed to transfer an aircraft registered in Qatar to
an air operator of another contracting State or be engaged in operating such aircraft through
another air operator of another contracting State under arrangements of lease, additional
operation or exchange, unless an agreement is concluded between the State of Qatar and the
State of the air operator concerning the arrangements of the lease or additional operation or
the transfer of responsibilities of the State of registration to another air operator, pursuant to
the provisions of Article 83 (bis) of the Chicago Convention.
3. Any other requirements established by the Civil Aviation Authority.

The Civil Aviation Authority may exempt from the provisions of the above paragraphs 1 to 10
private aircraft or those aircraft that operate for the purpose of technical tests or education or
training..

Article 14
1. The Civil Aviation Authority shall have the right to inspect aircraft registered in the State,
ground them, or seize any documents therein so as to ensure the implementation of the
provisions of this Law.
 1. The Civil Aviation Authority, without causing an unjustifiable delay, shall have the right to
search the aircraft of other contracting States upon landing or taking off and to examine other
certificates and documents stated in this Law.
2. Such search shall be conducted by individuals designated by the Civil Aviation Authority
who shall be entitled to enter any building or aircraft used in flight operations approved by
the Civil Aviation Authority.

Article 15
Representatives of customs, public security, and quarantine (health and plantation) shall have the
right to search aircraft or any person or cargo on board in accordance with the laws, regulations and
rules established in the State. Such search shall be conducted under the supervision of the Civil
Aviation Authority.

Article 16
1. No aircraft operating in the territory of the State shall be equipped with radio devices
without authorisation issued by the competent authority of the State in which the aircraft is
registered.

1. The use of such devices shall not be authorised for purposes other than those related to air
navigation pursuant to the provisions of this Law and the terms of the authorisation with the
knowledge of the flight crew.

Article 17
The operation of aircraft equipped with aerial photographing devices over the territory of the State
shall not be permitted and the use of such equipment shall not be permitted without prior
authorisation issued by the competent authority under the conditions established by the Civil
Aviation Authority.

Article 18
The following objects shall not be transported by aircraft without prior authorisation by the
competent authority and in accordance with the conditions established by the Civil Aviation
Authority:

1. Explosives, except where necessary to operate the aircraft and give the established signals.
2. Arms and ammunition.
3. Nuclear and radioactive material.
4. Poisonous gases.
5. Infectious substances and dangerous goods.
6. Any other material determined by the appropriate authority.

Article 19
1. The pilot in command shall be responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during
flight, and shall have the authority to take necessary measures and apply the appropriate rules
to maintain order on board.

1. Any unauthorised person shall be prohibited from interfering in the work of any flight crew
member in a manner that hinders the performance of their duties. Any person shall be
prohibited from tampering with any part of the aircraft or its equipment or committing an
act which would jeopardize the safety of the aircraft or its occupants.

Article 20
1. No person shall carry weapons or other items on board aircraft that could be used in an act
of sabotage, violence or threat during flight without authorisation by the appropriate
authority.

1. Where such weapons or other items are authorised and carried on board the aircraft, the
carrier shall hand them over to the representative of the operator, who shall put them in a
place inaccessible to passengers. Such items shall be returned to the carrier after the end of
the flight.

Article 21
The carriage of mail or packages sent by air shall only be allowed in accordance with the established
procedures for mail, taking into consideration the provisions of the international conventions to
which the State is party.

Article 22
1- Aircraft shall use the declared airports while considering the relevant laws, rules and
regulations, and shall not land at any other airports except in an emergency under the
guidance of air traffic control or upon authorization by the Civil Aviation Authority.

1. Each aircraft arriving in or departing from the territory of the State shall land or take off
from a public international airport, unless it is authorised to cross the territory without
landing. Upon permission from the Civil Aviation Authority, certain aircraft may be
exempted from this restriction due to the nature of their operations or other considerations.
Such authorisation shall determine the landing airport, departure airport, the route, and the
guidelines to be followed.
2. Where an aircraft arriving in, departing from or flying over the territory of the State is
required to land outside the international airport of the State, the pilot in command shall
immediately notify the nearest local authority and provide the records of the flight or the
general register or any other document upon request. In such a case, the removal of the cargo
or the disembarkation of passengers of such aircraft shall be prohibited in the landing area
unless authorisation by the competent authority is obtained and the established procedures
are followed.

Article 23
The passengers, crew members, cargo senders and their agents shall abide by the laws, rules and
regulations governing the entry into, staying in or departure from the territory of the State.

Chapter Four

Rules of the Air

Article 24

The Civil Aviation Authority shall establish the rules of the air, the regulations governing over flight
of aircraft, air navigation systems, protection of persons and property on the ground, and the use of
the airspace of the State.
Article 25
The Civil Aviation Authority shall designate the air traffic routes used by aircraft when entering or
exiting the territory of the State.

Article 26
The Civil Aviation Authority may prohibit or restrict aircraft from flying over the territory of the
State or any part thereof. It may also specify and declare in advance prohibited, restricted or
dangerous areas.

Article 27
The pilot in command shall adhere to the valid flight plan and all authorisations and instructions
issued by air traffic control, and he shall not deviate from the air route except in an emergency
requiring immediate action. In such cases the pilot in command shall notify the relevant air traffic
control unit as soon as possible and obtain a modified authorisation if necessary.

Article 28
1. Where the pilot in command discovers that he is flying over a prohibited, restricted or
dangerous area, he shall immediately notify the relevant air traffic control unit and follow the
instructions precisely. Where he is unable to do so, the pilot in command shall immediately
land at the nearest airport in the State outside such area and submit to the competent authority
a detailed report on the incident together with justifications for failing to follow the
instructions precisely.

1. Where the competent authority issues a warning to an aircraft against flying over a
prohibited, restricted or dangerous area, such aircraft shall immediately implement the
instructions issued by such Authority, failing which the necessary measures to force such
aircraft to land shall be taken.

Article 29
The pilot in command shall be directly responsible for the following:

1. Flying the aircraft in accordance with the established aviation rules and regulations.
2. Complying with the regulations governing the use of airports and of air traffic.
3. Complying with all authorisations and instructions issued by air traffic control.
4. Ensuring that the aircraft has sufficient fuel for the flight.
5. Ensuring the safe conduct of the flight in accordance with the established aviation rules and
regulations.
6. Ensuring that all pre-flight procedures are conducted prior to take-off.

Article 30
1. No aircraft shall fly at altitudes less than those established by the Civil Aviation Authority
except in cases of emergency or when authorised by such Authority.

1. Except for take-off and landing and other cases authorised by the Civil Aviation Authority,
such as emergencies, no aircraft shall fly over a populated city or site unless at an altitude
which enables it to land without causing damage to persons or property on the ground.
2. No aircraft shall fly in proximity to another aircraft in a manner that poses a risk of collision
or jeopardizes its safety.
3. No pilot in command may fly an aircraft negligently or recklessly or in any manner that
jeopardizes the lives or property of others.
4. No aircraft shall conduct acrobatic flight or flying in formation over the territory of the State
without authorisation from the Civil Aviation Authority.
5. No aircraft shall dispose of or spray items during flight except in emergencies or with the
permission of the Civil Aviation Authority.
6. Except in emergencies, parachuting from aircraft shall not be allowed without prior
permission from the Civil Aviation Authority.
7. No pilot or crew member who is drunk or under the influence of drugs or other psychoactive
substances that impair their ability to perform their duties properly and completely shall be
permitted to board an aircraft. Pilots and crew members are expressly prohibited from
ingesting alcohol, drugs or other psychoactive substances while on duty.
8. No unmanned aircraft shall fly over the territory of the State without authorisation from the
Civil Aviation Authority
9. No aircraft shall tow another aircraft without authorization from the Civil Aviation
Authority.
10. Supersonic aircraft or those that emit higher levels of noise shall be prohibited from flying
over the territory of the State or landing at its airports without a special authorisation from
the Civil Aviation Authority in which the acceptable altitude and speed are determined.
Chapter Five

Licenses

Article 31

All members of the flight crew of an aircraft operating in the territory of the State are required to
hold a license issued in accordance with the laws, rules and regulations established by the State of
registry. Where the aircraft is registered in the State, a valid license issued or rendered valid by the
Civil Aviation Authority shall be required.

Article 32
1- The Civil Aviation Authority is in charge of issuing, rendering valid and renewing flight
licenses and licenses for maintaining hulls, engines and equipment of aircraft and
determining the terms or reference granted by such licenses and other technical licenses
related to Civil Aviation Services. The Authority shall determine the requirements for
issuing, rendering valid, and renewing such licenses. Such requirements shall meet the
internationally established levels. To achieve such objectives, the Authority may conduct the
necessary theoretical and practical tests it may deem appropriate.

1. Where the Civil Aviation Authority discovers that the applicant for or holder of such licenses
fails to meet the internationally established levels or violates any of the provisions of this
Law, it shall have the right to refuse to issue, renew or extend such licenses, as well the right
to withdraw or suspend such licenses after issuing them.
2. Flight licenses shall be suspended where the holder thereof:

1. Is injured in a manner that prevents him from performing the duties for which the license is
issued.
2. Contracts a disease that prevents him from performing the duties for which the license is
issued for twenty days or more.

1. The holder of the license shall inform the Civil Aviation Authority in writing of either of the
above two situations in order to take the necessary procedures to conduct a medical
examination.

Article 33
1. No institute, club, entity or person shall be allowed to provide flight instruction or training
or to perform other aeronautical activity without an authorisation from the Civil Aviation
Authority.
 1. Where a violation of the requirements of the authorisation or the established laws, rules,
regulations or instructions occurs, the Authority shall have the right to withdraw or suspend
its authorisation.

Chapter Six

Registration of Aircraft

Article 34

1. The Civil Aviation Authority shall specify the signs of nationality and registration of aircraft
as well as their placement thereon.
2. The Civil Aviation Authority shall prepare a special record, called “The National Record for
Registration of Aircraft,” in which national civil aircraft shall be registered in accordance
with the requirements and procedures specified by the Authority, and it shall issue
registration certificates after the necessary procedures are duly completed.

Article 35
The Civil Aviation Authority shall determine the requirements for the registration of aircraft owned
by individuals residing in the State but not holding citizenship. It shall also define the requirements
for the registration of aircraft owned by foreigners and operated by nationals.

Article 36
1. An aircraft shall be removed from the registry if it is destroyed, lost or completely
withdrawn from service. An aircraft shall be considered missing when the Civil Aviation
Authority issues a decision thereon. The Authority shall be entitled to add more cases for the
removal from the registry.

1. The owner or lessor of aircraft shall notify the Authority of the occurrence of any of the
above situations.
Article 37
1. The aircraft shall be considered a mobile asset in terms of the application of the enforced
laws, rules and regulations of the State.

1. Legal action in respect of an aircraft registered in the national registry, including the sale,
mortgage, lease, etc., thereof to another person, shall not be permitted without the approval
of the Civil Aviation Authority.
2. Pursuant to the provisions of this Law, the owner of the aircraft shall remain responsible for
its operation in all situations. Any of the above legal actions shall have no effect on the
parties thereto or any other parties until after such action is recorded in the registry.

Chapter Seven

Airworthiness

Article 38

1. No aircraft shall operate in the territory of the State without a valid certificate of
airworthiness issued or rendered valid by the appropriate State authority of registration under
the established laws, rules and regulations. Such aircraft shall comply with the requirements
and restrictions prescribed in the certificate. Domestic flights, for which a special
authorisation shall be issued by the Civil Aviation Authority, shall be exempted.
2. The Civil Aviation Authority may render valid the certificate of airworthiness issued by
another State and may define additional requirements or restrictions for such certificate.
3. When applying for a certificate of airworthiness for an aircraft registered in the State, the
owner shall provide all technical information and documents required by the Civil Aviation
Authority.
4. The operator of an aircraft registered in the State shall renew the certificate of airworthiness
in accordance with the rules specified by the Civil Aviation Authority.

Article 39
Where the Civil Aviation Authority discovers that the aircraft registered in the State is unsafe or has
no airworthiness certificate, it may suspend or revoke the certificate, order a technical inspection of
the aircraft, and ground it until such measures are taken to ensure its safety.
Article 40
1. The Civil Aviation Authority shall approve national or foreign organizations responsible
for the maintenance of aircraft registered in the State. For the purpose of such approval,
documents shall be provided and inspections conducted at the expense of such organizations
to ensure the efficiency and completeness of their aircraft maintenance.

1. Where such organization fails to demonstrate the required level of technical proficiency or
fails to facilitate the conduct of aircraft inspections by inspectors of the Civil Aviation
Authority, the Authority may suspend or revoke the approval of such organization for the
maintenance of aircraft registered in the State.

Article 41
1. No aircraft shall operate unless equipped to fly and navigate in normal and abnormal
conditions in accordance with the requirements in the certificate of airworthiness and the
provisions of the Annexes to the Chicago Convention. The Civil Aviation Authority may
exempt any aircraft from the above rule where it determines that such an aircraft is equipped
with alternative equipment that satisfies the above requirements and provisions.

1. The Civil Aviation Authority may decide to install any additional equipment in an aircraft
registered in the State so as to ensure the safety of the aircraft, the crew and the passengers,
and to facilitate search and rescue operations.
2. Unless stated in the certificate of airworthiness, no additional equipment shall be installed
or used in an aircraft registered in the State without authorisation or approval by the Civil
Aviation Authority. Any equipment or components of an aircraft registered in the State and
specified in the certificate of airworthiness shall not be removed, altered or modified without
prior authorisation from the Civil Aviation Authority. For the purpose of authorisation or
approval, all documents shall be provided and inspected and other technical works
conducted at the expense of the owner of the aircraft in order to ensure the efficiency and
validity of such equipment.
3. For the purpose of aircraft safety and the safety and convenience of passengers, the Civil
Aviation Authority shall issue regulations and instructions for the use, replacement or
modification of aircraft equipment.

Article 42
 1. The operator of any aircraft registered in the State shall not operate such aircraft in
commercial air transport or operations without conducting proper and comprehensive
maintenance of the aircraft.

1. The pilot in command of an aircraft registered in the State and operating in commercial air
transport or operations shall record the following information in the technical records of the
aircraft:

1. The times of the start and completion of flights.

2. Information of any technical or other disruption of the aircraft or its equipment that may
occur during the flight. The pilot in command shall sign and date such information.

1. The operator of the aircraft shall be responsible for maintaining the technical records of the
aircraft and keeping a copy thereof in a separate location from the aircraft.
2. Information on the maintenance of the aircraft engines and rotors, as well as other
information determined by the Civil Aviation Authority, shall be recorded in the documents
and technical records of the aircraft not later than seven days after the completion of such
maintenance. Upon recording such information, reference may be made to any other
documents, which shall be considered part of the technical documents and records of the
aircraft.
3. The operator of an aircraft registered in the State shall maintain documents and technical
records of the aircraft for at least two years after their expiry date or for any other period
determined by the Civil Aviation Authority.

Article 43
1. Emergency equipment and instructions for its use shall be located clearly and
conspicuously in all aircraft registered in the State and operating in commercial air transport.
The location of life jackets, in particular, and their instructions for use shall be clearly
identified.

1. No devices or equipment on board an aircraft shall jeopardize its airworthiness or affect the
performance of any other devices or equipment related to the safety of the aircraft.

Article 44
1. Any aircraft for which an airworthiness certificate is issued or rendered valid shall be
weighed and its centre of gravity periodically determined according to the conditions, means
and times determined by the Civil Aviation Authority.
 1. The aircraft operator shall, according to the specification of the Civil Aviation Authority,
prepare a load table for the aircraft after weighing it.
2. The operator shall maintain the load table for at least six months prior to the next weighing
and determination of the aircraft's centre of gravity.

Article 45
1. The Civil Aviation Authority shall have the right to inspect or test any aircraft and its
devices, equipment or components for the purpose of airworthiness. The representatives of
the Authority shall be entitled to gain access to the aircraft at any time to inspect or test it at
the operator's expense. The Authority shall also have the right to issue necessary instructions
to the operator regarding such inspection or test.

1. The Civil Aviation Authority shall have the right to suspend the airworthiness certificate
where such inspection or test discloses a violation of the rules and regulations for
airworthiness.

Chapter Eight

Documentations and Records

Article 46

Aircraft registered in the State shall not initiate any flight without carrying the following
documentation on board:

1. For international flights:

1. The certificate of registration of the aircraft.

2. The certificate of airworthiness of aircraft.
3. The licenses of the flight crew.
4. The record of flights and general acknowledgement of the flight.
5. The license of the radio unit of the aircraft.
6. The operation manuals, maintenance documents and any other document specified by the
Civil Aviation Authority in respect of commercial or business air transport operations.
 7. The list of the passengers, cargo and mail, if any, and an acknowledgment of all related
details.
8. Where the aircraft conducts commercial air transport operations, a list of the cargo.
9. Authentic copies of the necessary insurance documents.

1. For domestic flights: The Civil Aviation Authority shall specify the documentation and
records stated in paragraph (1) of this Article which must be carried by the aircraft used in
domestic flights. The Authority may exempt aircraft flown for technical tests or training
from carrying such documentation and records. The abovementioned certificates, licenses
and documents shall be valid in all cases.

Article 47
1. The operator and pilot in command of an aircraft shall submit to the Civil Aviation
Authority upon request any specific documentation or records under this Law or its
regulations.

1. Where a certificate, license, authorisation, permit or any other document issued by the Civil
Aviation Authority is revoked or suspended, the holder thereof shall return it to the Authority
upon request.

Article 48
The owner or the operator of an aircraft shall, even where the use or lease of the aircraft has ended,
continue to maintain the documentation and records of such aircraft as well as the records of the
flight crew, and shall consider the following in particular:

1. Where the operation of the aircraft is transferred to another individual while the aircraft is
still registered in the State, the first operator shall hand over to the second operator the
documentation and records of the aircraft's maintenance, its loading programme, and any
other recordings of the audio environment on board the aircraft.
2. Where an engine or rotor of an aircraft is removed and installed in another aircraft registered
in the State and operated by another individual, the operator of the first aircraft shall hand
over to the operator of the second aircraft the maintenance record of such engine or rotor.
3. Where a member of the flight crew of an aircraft registered in the State is transferred to work
with another operator, the first operator shall hand over to the second operator the records
relating to such crew member. In all cases the second operator shall continue to maintain
such records.
Article 49
The following acts are prohibited:

1. Using any certificate, license, authorisation, permit or other document issued by the Civil
Aviation Authority after it is revoked, suspended or modified.
2. Lending any certificate, license, authorisation, permit or other document issued by the Civil
Aviation Authority to another person or allowing him to use it.
3. Impersonating another person for the purpose of renewing or modifying any certificate,
license, authorisation, permit or other document.
4. Destroying or tampering with any document or record specified for use by the provisions of
this Law, or modifying or deleting any data contained therein, or entering false information
in such document or record.
5. Deleting any data from or entering any false information in the table of the cargo, whether
on purpose or erroneously.

Chapter Nine

Commercial Air Transport

Article 50 (Amended By Law 21/2008)

The Civil Aviation Authority shall be responsible for developing and overseeing the commercial air
transport policy in the State in accordance with the current and future requirements of the national
economy, and in particular the following:

1. Negotiating with other states to conclude scheduled and non-scheduled air transport
agreements and any other agreements related to international air transport.
2. Participating in overseeing talks between national air transport entities and foreign entities
to conclude such agreements or arrangements on joint investment and other trade agreements
in accordance with the rules and conditions specified by such entities.
3. Overseeing the commercial air transport activities of national entities, issuing operational
authorisations, and approving the modification or cancellation of any air routes or the
amendment of the number of flights.
4. Monitoring the commercial air transport activities conducted by foreign entities and
overseeing the exercise by such entities of the air transport rights granted under bilateral
agreements.
5. Suspending or restricting the commercial air transport activities conducted by national or
foreign entities where any of them violate the conditions contained in the operational
 authorisation or the provisions of the bilateral agreements signed with foreign states or the
provisions of this Law.
6. Issuing authorisations for national or foreign air transport entities to conduct non-scheduled
flights.
7. Save as otherwise stipulated in the air transport agreements concluded between the state and
other states, approving and controlling the fares of scheduled and non-scheduled
international and domestic air transport flights.
8. Issuing authorisations for foreign airlines to open offices or to sub-contract their businesses
to an air transport entity or company or to travel and air cargo agencies under the principal
of reciprocity.
9. Issuing authorisations for national or foreign air transport entities and companies to serve as
agencies of sales and air cargo in the State and setting the controls for regulating such
activities.

Article 51
1- No operator shall operate aircraft before obtaining operational specifications approved by
the Civil Aviation Authority. Such specifications shall be part of the authorisation granted
to the operator and are compulsory. The operator shall distribute copies of such
specifications at its headquarters, incorporate them in its manuals, and notify the staff
thereof.

1. Amendments to operational specifications may be made after approval from the Civil
Aviation Authority.

Article 52
1. The operator shall issue an operations manual for use by pilots and operational staff in
which their duties and responsibilities shall be determined. No instructions or information
contained in the manual may contradict international laws and regulations.

1. The operator shall issue a manual for each type of aircraft it operates and which shall be
approved by the Civil Aviation Authority of the State of the manufacturer. Such manual
shall contain the information necessary for pilots and aeronautical engineers to perform their
duties on such aircraft at the required level of safety under normal and abnormal conditions.
2. The operator shall submit to the Civil Aviation Authority for approval copies of the
operations manual and aircraft manual, as well as any amendments thereto. An approved
copy of each manual shall be carried on board the aircraft during flight.
Article 53
1. To ensure the safety of each flight, the Civil Aviation Authority shall have the right to add
one or more members to the flight crew beyond the requirements established in the
certificate of airworthiness.

1. No member of the flight crew shall perform the duties of two or more members at the same
time.
2. The Civil Aviation Authority shall have the right to decide on the presence of flight
assistants on board the aircraft. The number thereof shall be determined according to
instructions issued by the Authority to perform work related to the safety and service of the
passengers.

Article 54
The Civil Aviation Authority shall develop the regulations and instructions determining flight times,
work hours and rest time of the members of the flight crew.

Article 55
No aircraft shall be loaded except under the supervision of trained personnel approved by the Civil
Aviation Authority. Such personnel shall be provided with sufficient written instructions concerning
the distribution, placement and security of the cargo, including the following:

1. The cargo must be safe throughout the flight.

2. All regulations or instructions, including any requirements stated in the certificate of
airworthiness or the aircraft manual must be implemented.

Article 56
Operators or their representatives shall be responsible for controlling the flight operations of their
aircraft in accordance with the specified levels of safety and the implementation of the provisions of
the laws, rules and regulations thereof.
Article 57
1. No person other than a qualified pilot assigned by the operator shall be allowed to use any
equipment located in the cockpit of the aircraft during flight.

1. No person shall be allowed into the cockpit unless that person is a crew member, an inspector
or an observer appointed by the Civil Aviation Authority or assigned by the operator or the
Civil Aviation Authority to perform a certain task during flight.
2. The operator shall implement the necessary procedures to instruct the passengers on the
location and use of seat belts, emergency exits, life jackets, oxygen masks and other
emergency equipment.

Article 58
1. Where the pilot in command encounters abnormal weather conditions during flight or
observes an abnormal performance of navigational aids or other aircraft equipment that pose
a threat to the flight, he shall inform the appropriate air traffic services unit and the Civil
Aviation Authority thereof, as well as any other condition that could jeopardize flight safety.

1. The pilot in command shall record in the aircraft's technical logbook any malfunction or
abnormal performance of any equipment on the aircraft that occurs or is observed during the
flight. Prior to commencing the flight the pilot in command shall ensure that all repairs to
any malfunction previously recorded in the technical logbook have been effected.
2. The operator of an aircraft registered in the State shall inform the Civil Aviation Authority
of any occurrence, malfunction or abnormal performance of the equipment or other
components of the aircraft observed during the operation or maintenance of such aircraft and
that could jeopardize the safety of the aircraft, passengers or crew, as well as any other
condition decided by the Civil Aviation Authority within 72 hours from the time of such
occurrence, malfunction or abnormal performance.

Chapter Ten

Flight Charges

Article 59
The Council of Ministers, upon proposals by the Civil Aviation Authority, shall determine the
charges for the registration of aircraft, the issuance, approval, renewal, and replacement of licenses,
certificates and authorisations, and the use of civil aviation services for landing and parking.

Article 60
The following aircraft shall be exempted from the charges stated in the previous Article:

1. State aircraft.
2. Aircraft of Kings, Emirs and Heads of State.
3. Aircraft of delegations conducting State visits.
4. Aircraft of the United Nations and its specialized agencies.
5. Aircraft of the Arab League and its specialized agencies.
6. Aircraft used free of charge in medical, relief, search and rescue operations and other
humanitarian services, including those of the Red Crescent and the Red Cross.
7. Other aircraft specified by the Council of Ministers.

Chapter Eleven

Aviation Accidents

Article 61

The Civil Aviation Authority, in its own capacity or by delegation to another entity, shall investigate
aviation accidents of national civil aircraft within the territory of the State and accidents on the high
seas. Where an accident occurs in the jurisdiction of a local authority, such authority shall
immediately inform the Civil Aviation Authority while preserving all parts and wreckage until the
arrival of the Authority's representatives.
The Civil Aviation Authority shall develop regulations concerning the investigation of violations or
aviation accidents occurring in the territory of the State or accidents of civil aircraft on the high seas,
including the following:

1. Submission of necessary notices concerning accidents.

2. Banning or suspending a foreign Authority from investigating such accident.
3. The delegation to one or more persons of the authority to examine, remove or protect any
aircraft item related to such accident.
4. Where deemed necessary to the investigation, the authority and requirements for the
cancellation, suspension or return of any authorisation or certificate granted under this Law,
or the withdrawal or cancellation of any approval granted by the State to any certificate
issued by another authority in another State.
 5. The right of the delegated person to obtain data, information and documents necessary for
the investigation and to request the assistance of another person approved by the Civil
Aviation Authority.
6. The right of the delegated person to request the following from those in charge of the aircraft:

1. Grounding or detaining the aircraft for a reasonable period of time.

2. Taking the necessary steps to verify the records of such aircraft or any parts thereof.

Article 62
1. The investigating committee formed by the Civil Aviation Authority shall have the right:

1. To access, search and examine the place of the accident and other places useful to the
investigation;
2. To summon individuals;
3. To interrogate witnesses;
4. To obtain information or documents deemed necessary by the investigating committee; and
5. To take the necessary measures to safeguard the aircraft, its cargo and parts and to remove
it or its parts to conduct necessary tests.

1. The removal of the aircraft, wreckage or cargo from the place of the accident shall only be
allowed by the investigating committee. The security authority and other administrative
entities shall take the necessary measures to facilitate the work of the investigating
committee and the implementation of all relevant instructions.

Article 63
A representative of the State in which the aircraft is registered or in which the aircraft was
manufactured, or of the State of the operator of the aircraft subject to an accident, shall be allowed
to attend the investigation as an observer and be entitled to ask for the assistance of a qualified
technician.

Article 64
The investigating committee shall submit a report on the causes and surrounding circumstances of
the accident to the Civil Aviation Authority. Such report and the findings therein shall be reported to
the International Civil Aviation Organization and the State of registry of the aircraft in accordance
with international laws and regulations. The manufacturer, owner, operator, insurers and victims shall
have the right to obtain a copy thereof.

Article 65
Where the investigating committee discovers that the accident constitutes a crime or a suspected
crime, it shall refer the matter to the appropriate investigating Authority of the State to initiate the
necessary legal proceedings.

Article 66
Where an aviation accident occurs in the territory of the State and involves one or more military or
civilian aircraft, an investigating committee shall be formed and shall consist of representatives of
the Civil Aviation Authority, the military aviation authority and the State Security Authority.

Article 67
Where new evidence emerges that would affect the result of an investigation into an aviation
accident, the Civil Aviation Authority may re-open the investigation with probable cause. The final
report compiled by the investigating committee into an aircraft accident shall be deemed correct in
terms of the facts recorded.

Article 68
Where an aviation accident occurs that involves a civil aircraft registered in the State or operated by
a national outside the territory of the State, the Civil Aviation Authority may send immediately after
the accident one or more representatives to be present at the investigation in the State where the
accident occurred.

Chapter Twelve

Search and Rescue

Article 69

1. Search and rescue means all support - even if only notice - provided to an aircraft or its
occupants involved in an accident, whether fatal or not, or where the safety of the aircraft or
its occupants is threatened or jeopardized.

1. No person shall refrain from providing any support necessary for search and rescue
operations after being requested to do so by the appropriate Authority.

Article 70
1. The Civil Aviation Authority shall identify the areas of responsibility for the search and
rescue operations and shall determine the centre for coordinating the activities of such
operations in accordance with the requirements of the International Civil Aviation
Organization.

1. The Civil Aviation Authority shall, with the participation of the appropriate Authority,
organize rescue units of the State so as to be on full alert to act in accordance with the
established plans.
2. The Civil Aviation Authority shall make the necessary arrangements to ensure coordination
and cooperation with the competent authority in other States, especially the neighbouring
States, in relation to search and rescue operations.

Article 71
The Civil Aviation Authority shall grant persons and aircraft conducting search and rescue
operations access to prohibited areas under its supervision where there is a possibility that the aircraft
is present in such areas or that the accident occurred therein.

Article 72
The operator of the rescued aircraft shall pay the costs incurred by the search and rescue operations,
the compensation for damage caused during or as a result of such operations, and the ensuing
remuneration.
Article 73
Where an accident occurs in the territory of the State, on the high seas or in an area outside the
sovereignty of the State, the courts of the State shall be competent to hear compensations claims of
the search and rescue operations in the following cases:

1. Where the aircraft for which the search and rescue operation is conducted is registered in
the State.
2. Where the claimant is a national of the State.
3. Where the aircraft involved in the accident is found in the territory of the State.

Chapter Thirteen

Liabilities and Safeguards Related to the Operation of Aircrafts

Article 74

The provisions of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International
Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929, and other amending and supplementing
agreements thereof acceded to by the State, shall be applicable to air transport.

Article 75
A carrier shall be liable to shippers and receivers for the dumping of cargo during flight.

Article 76
A carrier shall not be liable where the pilot in command removes an unruly passenger whose
behaviour jeopardizes the safety of the aircraft or its passengers.

Article 77
All air carriers operating in the territory of the State shall ensure that all passengers and cargo have
the documents and papers necessary to exit the State and to enter the destination airport.
Article 78
Any passenger holding a valid and confirmed air ticket shall be entitled to compensation by the
airline if circumstances beyond his control, inter alia, flight delays, cancellations and overbooking
by the airline, render him unable to travel on such ticket.

Article 79
Any person who suffers bodily or property damage on the ground shall be entitled to compensation
if he proves that the damage was caused by the aircraft or by an object that fell therefrom on the
ground.

In terms of vehicles lighter than air, the flight starts upon separation from the surface until settling
on it. Save for the cases stated in this Article, the general rules enforced in the State shall be applied.

Article 80
The operator of an aircraft shall be liable to pay compensation for the damage referred to in the
above Article. The owner, or the lessee under whose name the aircraft is registered, shall be deemed
an operator thereof and shall be liable in such capacity.

Article 81
1. Where a person uses an aircraft without the consent of the operator, such operator shall be
jointly liable with such person for any damage for which compensation referred to in Article
79 of this Law is claimed, unless the operator demonstrates that he took all reasonable steps
to prevent such use without his consent.

1. Each of them shall be liable to pay such compensation in accordance with the requirements
stated in this Law.
Article 82
1. No liability for compensation shall arise:

1. Where damage is caused by armed conflict or civil unrest.

2. Where those affected were ordered by the general authority not to use the aircraft but failed
to comply with such order and damage occurred as a result of the error, negligence or
omission of the affected or their subordinates or representatives.

1. Where it is proved that those affected or their subordinates or representatives contributed to

the damage, liability for compensation shall be reduced proportionally according to the
extent to which they contributed to such damage.

Article 83
Where third parties on the ground suffer damages for which compensation may be claimed under
the provisions of this Law as a result of a collision between two or more aircraft during flight or as
a result of one aircraft blocking the course of another, each aircraft shall be deemed to have
contributed to the damage.

Article 84
Compensation for damage caused by aircraft to third parties on the ground in the territory of the
State shall be capped in accordance with the international conventions to which the State is party.

Article 85
1. The liability of the operator to compensate damage under the provisions of this Law shall
be unlimited where it is proved that the damage was caused by an intentional act or omission
by the operator, his subordinates or representatives, or where it is proved that the damage
was caused by their gross error or negligence accompanied by their knowledge of the
possibility that damage would be caused.

1. Where a person seizes an aircraft illegally or uses it without the consent of the owner or
operator, the liability of such person for any damage caused as a result of such illegal seizure
or unauthorised use shall be unlimited.
Article 86
1. Without prejudice to the provisions of the previous Article, where multiple parties are
liable for damage under the provisions of this Law, the total compensation payable to victims
shall not exceed the cap of the compensation imposed on a single party.

1. Where the provisions of Article 83 of this Law are applicable, the victim shall be entitled
to compensation that does not exceed the total cap imposed on the aircraft which contributed
to the damage. The operator, however, shall not be responsible for the payment of
compensation that exceeds the cap specified for the aircraft unless the liability of such
operator was unlimited in accordance with the provisions of the previous Article.

Article 87
Where the total amount of the compensation exceeds the limits of the established liability under the
provisions of Article 85 of this Law, the rules of the Rome Convention of 1952 shall be applied
while considering the following:

1. Where the compensation is related to death or physical injury or damage to property

individually, such compensation shall be reduced according to the amount allocated to each
individual case.
2. Where the compensation is related to death, physical injury and damage to property
collectively, half of the total amount prepared for distribution shall be allocated to
compensate death and physical injury, which shall be given priority. Where the amount is
insufficient, it shall be distributed proportionately between these two cases. The other half
of the total amount prepared for distribution shall be distributed proportionately among the
cases of damage to property. Any remaining amount shall be added to the first half that is
allocated to the compensation for death and physical injury.

Article 88
 1. Claims for compensation for damages caused by aircraft to third parties on the ground in
the State shall be filed at the courts of the place of the occurrence.

1. One or more claimants may, however, agree with one or more defendants to file the claim
at the courts of another State.

Article 89
No claim for compensation for damage caused by aircraft to third parties on the ground may be filed
after the lapse of two years from the date of the occurrence of the accident.

Article 90
In considering the provisions established in this Law, all aircraft operators working in the territory
of the State shall take out insurance to cover their liability for damage caused to passengers, baggage
and cargo on board their aircraft, and for damage caused by their aircraft to third parties on the
ground. Such operators shall also take out insurance for employees who are exposed to danger
related to aviation activities so as to cover any damage that might result therefrom.

Article 91
The insurance cover prescribed in the previous Article shall be taken out with a certified insurance
company under the laws of the State in which the aircraft is registered.

Article 92
1. The Civil Aviation Authority may oblige all aircraft operators working in the territory of
the State to carry on board their aircraft a certificate issued by the insurer to prove the
insurance under the provisions of this Law, as well as a certificate issued by the competent
authority of the State in which the aircraft is registered or the State where the insurer's
residence or principal place of business is located that proves the insurer's financial ability.

1. The carrying on board of such certificates shall not be required where authentic copies are
deposited with the Civil Aviation Authority.
Chapter Fourteen

Crimes of Aggression Against Aircraft

Article 93

For the purpose of the provisions of this Chapter:

1. An aircraft shall be considered in flight from the moment all external doors are closed after
passengers have boarded until such doors are opened for the disembarkation of passengers.
2. An aircraft shall be considered in service from the time it is prepared for flight by both the
ground handling crew and the aircraft crew until the lapse of 24 hours after such aircraft has
landed.

Article 94
Any person who deliberately commits, or attempts to commit, or assists another person to commit
or attempt to commit any of the following acts shall be considered a perpetrator of a crime against
an aircraft:

1. Committing an act of violence against a person on board an aircraft in service.

2. Seizing, destroying or damaging an aircraft in service.
3. Placing or causing an item or device to be placed onboard an aircraft in service.
4. Destroying, damaging or interfering with air navigation facilities.
5. Using or threatening to use force or other form of coercion in seizing or controlling an
aircraft during flight.
6. Knowingly submitting false information that jeopardizes the safety of an aircraft during
flight.

Article 95 (Amended By Law 3/2011)

The State shall assume judicial authority concerning the crimes stated in Articles 94, 105 (bis),
105 (bis 1) of this Law in the following cases:

1. Where the crime is committed in the territory of the State.

2. Where the crime is committed against or onboard an aircraft registered in the State.
 3. Where the aircraft, onboard of which a crime was committed, lands in the territory of the
State while the accused is still onboard.
4. Where the crime is committed onboard an aircraft leased to a lessee whose principal place
of business or permanent residence is in the State.
5. Where the accused is present in the territory of the State, unless extradited to another
concerned State.

In any other case where the State exercises jurisdiction under its own laws and regulations

Article 96
Where a State, in conjunction with another State or States, establishes joint or international air
transport organizations that operate aircraft of joint or international registration, the Civil Aviation
Authority shall determine, in agreement with such State or States, which State shall have judicial
competency and shall serve as the State of registration for the purposes of this Law.

Article 97
The pilot in command may take all preventive measures, including the restriction of the movement
of a person who commits or attempts to commit any of the acts stated in this Law, that he deems
necessary to protect the safety of the aircraft, its crew and its passengers. In doing so, the pilot in
command may order members of the flight crew to assist him.

Article 98
1. The pilot in command, after landing his aircraft in the territory of a State and upon good
cause shown, may request the appropriate authority of such State to remove from the aircraft
any person who commits or attempts to commit any of the acts stated in this Law.

1. Where the pilot in command decides to hand over a person who commits or attempts to
commit any of the acts stated in this Law, he shall make an arrest and as soon as possible
notify the authority of the State in which the aircraft landed of his decision to make the
arrest, and he shall provide supporting evidence and information.
Article 99
Where a person is restricted, removed or arrested in accordance with Articles 97 and 98 above,
the liability of the pilot in command, any other member of the flight crew, any passenger, the owner,
the operator of the aircraft, or the person for whom the aircraft is flown, to compensate any damage
that might occur to such person shall be eliminated if it is proved that such person intended to commit
one of the acts referred to in the said Articles.

Article 100
1. The competent authority may receive any person arrested by the pilot in command in
accordance with Article 98 (2) above and shall initiate an immediate investigation of the
incident.

1. Where the Authority determines that the act falls within its jurisdiction, the State shall detain
the arrested person and hand him over to the judicial authority. Where the act does not fall
within its jurisdiction, such Authority, in coordination with any other relevant Authority in
the State, shall have the right to refuse to receive the arrested person and to deport or
extradite him to the State from which the flight began.

Article 101
The Civil Aviation Authority may, in coordination with any other relevant Authority, take all
measures available under international conventions and laws to prevent the commission of acts
against the safety and security of the aircraft or its crew and passengers.

Chapter Fifteen
Penalties

Article 102

Without prejudice to the penalties provided for in this Law, the Civil Aviation Authority may take
the following procedures upon a violation of any provision, rule, regulation, decision or instruction
contained in this Law:

1. Preventing violations of Articles 7, 8 and 9. Any person who violates these Articles shall
be ordered by a court to pay all expenses incurred by the State in the prevention of such
violations.
2. Suspending or revoking the authorisation or permit issued by the State to the operator or the
aircraft for a specific period of time.
3. Suspending or withdrawing the validity of the airworthiness certificate of the aircraft.
4. Suspending or withdrawing the flying license or other license issued or rendered valid by
the State.
5. Preventing the aircraft from flying for a specific period of time or forcing it to land after
issuing a warning in terms of Article 28 (2).
6. Preventing the pilot in command from flying in the territory of the State temporarily or
indefinitely.

Article 103 (Amended By Law 21/2008)

An operator or carrier that commits an unlawful act personally or through a representative under the
provisions of this Law, or fails to initiate an act required by such provisions, shall pay a fine of no
more than fifty thousand (50,000) Riyals.

Article 104 (Amended By Law 21/2008)

1. A fine not exceeding fifty thousand (50,000) Riyals shall be imposed on each airline or air
transport facility that declares or collects fares or charges different from the approved fares
or charges of air transport. Such fine shall be doubled in case of a recurrence, together with
the possible withdrawal of the authorisation given to such airline or air transport facility.

1. The Civil Aviation Authority shall be entitled to compensation equivalent to double the
amount of the transport fare collected by any foreign air transport company or facility that
violates the provisions of the bilateral agreements signed by the State and the State of the
 company or the facility or that violates the provisions of the authorisation issued by the
Authority.

Article 105 (Amended By Law 21/2008)

1. Imprisonment not exceeding one year and a fine not exceeding hundred thousand
(100,000) Riyals shall be imposed on the following:

1. The owner, operator or pilot in command whose aircraft is flown without authorisation or
permit or prior to obtaining a certificate of registration or a certificate of airworthiness or
after the expiry thereof.
2. Any person who flies an aircraft without authorisation or without obtaining the necessary
certificates or licenses issued in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
3. Any person who flies an aircraft or serves as a member of the flight crew while under the
influence of alcohol, narcotics or other psychoactive substances that would impair his ability
to fly an aircraft or to carry out his assigned duties.
4. Any person who damages aviation communications facilities or navigational aids on the
ground or fails to maintain them where such facilities or navigational aids are assigned to
him for maintenance.
5. The pilot in command who fails to record or tampers with the required data in the documents
or records of the aircraft.

1. Imprisonment not exceeding three years and/or a fine of two hundred thousand (200,000)
Riyals shall be imposed on the following:

1. Any person who flies an aircraft without signs identifying its nationality or registration or
with incorrect or unclear signs.
2. Any person who flies an aircraft over a restricted area or who unintentionally flies over such
areas and fails to comply with the relevant orders.
3. Any person who fails to follow an order to land during flight over the territory of the State.
4. Any person who lands or takes off outside the specified airports or sites or who flies outside
the specified routes, unless authorised to do so by the appropriate Authority.
5. Any person who flies an aircraft over the territory of the State while carrying the following
without permission:

1. Military weapons or ammunition or any other material prohibited by the laws and
regulations of the State.
2. Persons who intend to commit a crime even if not committed.

1. Any person who fails to respond without good cause to a request by the competent authority
to use all available means to assist or rescue an aircraft or person in distress due to an aviation
accident.
Article 105 - BIS
Any person who commits one of the following acts shall be punished with imprisonment for a term
not exceeding one year and a fine not exceeding hundred thousand (100,000) Riyals:

1. Refuses to follow the instructions of the pilot, or a crew member designated thereby,
regarding maintenance of order, or securing the safety of the aircraft or persons or property
onboard;
2. Physically assaults or threats thereof crew members or one of the passengers;
3. Sexual harassment of one of the crew members or the passengers by words or actions;
4. consumption of alcohol, narcotics or other psychoactive substances that results in
undermining the safety of the aircraft or any person on board or disrupt the functioning or
course of the flight or cause disturbance on board, or the threat thereof;

Article 105 - مكرر 1

Any person who commits one of the following acts shall be punished with a fine not exceeding thirty
thousand (30.000) Riyals:

1 - Smoking anywhere onboard.

2 - Operating any portable electronic devices in violation of instructions.
The fine shall be doubled in case of recidivism.

Article 106

Imprisonment not exceeding five years shall be imposed on the following:

1. Any person who steals equipment used in services or air navigation facilities or any other
equipment or devices or cables necessary to ensure aviation safety.
2. Any person who damages, disrupts or jeopardizes facilities, buildings, cables, devices,
machines or other equipment necessary to ensure aviation safety.
Article 107
1. Imprisonment not exceeding ten years shall be imposed on any person who intentionally
commits one of the acts referred to in Article 94 of this Law.

1. Imprisonment for life shall be imposed where such act results in the destruction of an aircraft
or of air navigation facilities.
2. The death penalty or imprisonment for life shall be imposed where such act results in the
death of a person.

Article 108
The provisions of this Law shall not supersede stricter punishments stated by the Penal Code or
any other national laws.

Article 109
Aircraft shall be confiscated in the following cases:

1. Where they display signs that incorrectly identify their nationality or registration.
2. Where they transport weapons or ammunition or photographic equipment for the owner or
operator of the aircraft for the purpose of smuggling.

Article 109 - BIS

Offences stipulated in Articles 30 (5, 6 and 7), 37 (2), 42 (3 and 5), 43 (1), 44 (2 and 3), 46, 47
(1), 48, 52, 57 (3) and 104 (1) of this Law may, either before the institution of any criminal
prosecution or during hearing thereof and before final judgement, be compounded by the civil
aviation authorities. The composition amount of twenty five thousand (25.000) Riyals shall be paid
by the offender in the preceding offences.
Article 110
With the consideration of Article 95 of this Law, the court of the State shall be competent to
examine all crimes committed in violation of the provisions of this Law or to enforce decisions,
rules or regulations where such crimes are committed in the territory of the State, on board an aircraft
registered in the State, or during the flight of such aircraft over the high seas or over territory outside
the jurisdiction of any State.

Article 111 (Amended By Law 21/2008)

Staff members of the Civil Aviation Authority for whom a secondment resolution is issued by the
Public Prosecution in agreement with the President of the Authority shall have the capacity of
judicial officers in relation to acts committed in violation of the provisions of this Law or the
enforcement decisions thereof.

Article 112
The provisions of Law No. 3 of 1974 on the procedures for investigating aviation accidents
and the provisions of any other law that contradict this Law shall be revoked.

Article 113
Every competent authority, each within its competence, shall implement the provisions of this law,
which shall be published in the Official Gazette.
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