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Hydraulics For Heat Exchanger

The document discusses modifying a heat exchanger design from a single shell to multiple shells. This reduced the required surface area from 392 square meters to 68 square meters while making the design more practical. The document also briefly discusses modeling hydraulics in process simulation and ensuring pressure drop is properly specified.

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62 views1 page

Hydraulics For Heat Exchanger

The document discusses modifying a heat exchanger design from a single shell to multiple shells. This reduced the required surface area from 392 square meters to 68 square meters while making the design more practical. The document also briefly discusses modeling hydraulics in process simulation and ensuring pressure drop is properly specified.

Uploaded by

Shieepl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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202 CHAPTER 4 FLOWSHEETING

Table 4.3. Heat Exchanger Results

Original (Single Shell) Modified (Multiple Shell)


Design Case
Exchanger E100 E100 E101 E102
Duty (MW) 1.44 0.53 0.57 0.35
UA (W/K) 78,300 6,310 4,780 2,540
F 0.2 0.93 0.82 0.93
DTmin 56.9 56.9 134.3 139.7
DTlmtd 18.4 83.6 118.7 138.4
A(m2 ) 392 32 24 13
Total area (m2 ) 392 68

given in Table 4.3. Temperature-heat flow plots for the three exchangers are given in
Figure 4.34.
The modified design achieved a reduction in surface area from 392 m2 to 68 m2 at
the price of having three shells instead of the original one. More importantly, the
modified design is more practical than the original design and is less likely to suffer
from internal pinch points. The modified design is not yet optimized. Optimization of
this problem is explored in problem 4.11.

4.5.5. Hydraulics
Most of the commercial simulation programs contain models for valves, pipe
segments, tees, and elbows. These models can be used to make an initial estimate of
system pressure drop for the purposes of sizing pumps and compressors.
If a process hydraulic model is built, then care must be taken to specify pressure
drop properly in the unit operation models. Rules of thumb are adequate for initial
estimates, but in a hydraulic model these should be replaced with rigorous pressure
drop calculations.
A hydraulic model will not be accurate unless some consideration has been given to
plant layout and piping layout. Ideally, the hydraulic model should be built after the
piping isometric drawings have been produced, when the designer has a good idea of
pipe lengths and bends. The designer should also refer to the piping and instrumenta-
tion diagram for isolation valves, flow meters, and other obstructions that cause
increased pressure drop. These subjects are discussed in Chapter 5 and Chapter 14.
Care is needed when modeling compressible gas flows, flows of vapor-liquid
mixtures, slurry flows, and flows of non-Newtonian liquids. Some simulators use
different pipe models for compressible flow. The prediction of pressure drop in
multiphase flow is inexact at best and can be subject to very large errors if the extent
of vaporization is unknown. In most of these cases, the simulation model should be
replaced by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the important parts of
the plant.

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