SOLUTION:

Greg has 10 cards, so there are 33 cards left. His

partner has 10 cards and the pile has 3. Therefore,
13-3 Geometric Probability the probability is

Point X is chosen at random on . Find the 4. ARCHERY An archer aims at a target that is 122
probability of each event. centimeters in diameter with 10 concentric circles
whose diameters decrease by 12.2 centimeters as
they get closer to the center. Find the probability that
the archer will hit the center.
1. P(X is on )
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:
The diameter of the outermost circle is 122 cm. and
the diameters decrease by 12.2 centimeters as they
get closer to the center. So, the diameter of the inner
most circle is 122 – 9(12.2) = 12.2.
2. P(X is on )
SOLUTION:

3. CARDS In a game of cards, 43 cards are used,

including one joker. Four players are each dealt 10
cards and the rest are put in a pile. If Greg doesn’t 5. NAVIGATION A camper lost in the woods points
have the joker, what is the probability that either his his compass in a random direction. Find the
partner or the pile have the joker? probability that the camper is heading in the N to NE
SOLUTION: direction.
Greg has 10 cards, so there are 33 cards left. His
partner has 10 cards and the pile has 3. Therefore,
the probability is

4. ARCHERY An archer aims at a target that is 122

centimeters in diameter with 10 concentric circles
whose diameters decrease by 12.2 centimeters as SOLUTION:
they get closer to the center. Find the probability that The compass is divided equally into 8 sectors of
the archer will hit the center.
measure 45º each. The ratio of the area of a sector
of a circle to the area of the entire circle is the same
as the ratio of the sector’s central angle to 360.The
measure of the sector in N to NE direction is 45º.
Therefore, the probability that the camper is heading
in the N to NE direction is
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1
CCSS REASONING Point X is chosen at
SOLUTION: random on . Find the probability of each
The diameter of the outermost circle is 122 cm. and
13-3 Geometric Probability

5. NAVIGATION A camper lost in the woods points 7. P(X is on )

his compass in a random direction. Find the
probability that the camper is heading in the N to NE SOLUTION:
direction.

SOLUTION:
The compass is divided equally into 8 sectors of
measure 45º each. The ratio of the area of a sector 8. P(X is on )
of a circle to the area of the entire circle is the same
as the ratio of the sector’s central angle to 360.The SOLUTION:
measure of the sector in N to NE direction is 45º.
Therefore, the probability that the camper is heading
in the N to NE direction is

CCSS REASONING Point X is chosen at

random on . Find the probability of each
event.

6. P(X is on ) 9. P(X is on )
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

7. P(X is on )
10. BIRDS Four birds are sitting on a telephone wire.
SOLUTION: What is the probability that a fifth bird landing at a
randomly selected point on the wire will sit at some
point between birds 3 and 4?

SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2
 There are six 30-minute stretches in 3 hours. The ad
can appear in any of the six. The probability that he
will see the ad again during his favorite 30-minute
13-3 Geometric Probability sitcom the next day is

10. BIRDS Four birds are sitting on a telephone wire. Find the probability that a point chosen at
What is the probability that a fifth bird landing at a random lies in the shaded region.
randomly selected point on the wire will sit at some
point between birds 3 and 4?

12.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

11. TELEVISION Julio is watching television and sees

an ad for a CD that he knows his friend wants for
her birthday. If the ad replays at a random time in
each 3-hour interval, what is the probability that he
will see the ad again during his favorite 30-minute
sitcom the next day?
SOLUTION:
There are six 30-minute stretches in 3 hours. The ad 13.
can appear in any of the six. The probability that he SOLUTION:
will see the ad again during his favorite 30-minute
sitcom the next day is

Find the probability that a point chosen at

random lies in the shaded region.

12.
SOLUTION:

14.
SOLUTION:
If a region A contains a region B and a point E in
region A is chosen at random, then the probability
that point E is in region B is

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

The area of a regular polygon is the half the product

of the apothem and the perimeter. Find the apothem.
 14.
SOLUTION:
13-3IfGeometric
a region A Probability
contains a region B and a point E in The area of the shaded region is
region A is chosen at random, then the probability
.
that point E is in region B is

Therefore, the probability is

The area of a regular polygon is the half the product

of the apothem and the perimeter. Find the apothem. Use the spinner to find each probability. If the
spinner lands on a line it is spun again.

15. P(pointer landing on yellow)

SOLUTION:
The spinner is divided into 5 sectors. The ratio of the
area of a sector of a circle to the area of the entire
circle is the same as the ratio of the sector’s central
angle to 360.The measure of the sector colored in
The length of the apothem of an hexagon of side yellow is 44º. Therefore, the probability that the

length a units is pointer will land on yellow is

16. P(pointer landing on blue)

Area of the large hexagon:
SOLUTION:
The spinner is divided into 5 sectors. The ratio of the
area of a sector of a circle to the area of the entire
circle is the same as the ratio of the sector’s central
angle to 360.The measure of the sector colored in
blue is 84º. Therefore, the probability that the pointer
will land on blue is

17. P(pointer not landing on green)

Area of the small hexagons: SOLUTION:
The spinner is divided into 5 sectors. The ratio of the
area of a sector of a circle to the area of the entire
circle is the same as the ratio of the sector’s central
angle to 360.The measure of the sector colored in
green is 110º. Therefore, the probability that the
pointer will not land on green is

18. P(pointer landing on red)

SOLUTION:
The area of the shaded region is The spinner is divided into 5 sectors. The ratio of the
. area of a sector of a circle to the area of the entire
circle is the same as the ratio of the sector’s central
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4
angle to 360.The measure of the sector colored in
Therefore, the probability is
red is 92º. Therefore, the probability that the pointer
 angle to 360.The measure of the sector colored in The line is divided into 6 equal segments and the
green is 110º. Therefore, the probability that the alternate marked points are named. So, choosing a
pointer will not land on green is point between any two consecutive marked points,
13-3 Geometric Probability say 10 and 20 is

18. P(pointer landing on red)

SOLUTION:
The spinner is divided into 5 sectors. The ratio of the
area of a sector of a circle to the area of the entire
circle is the same as the ratio of the sector’s central
angle to 360.The measure of the sector colored in 22.
red is 92º. Therefore, the probability that the pointer
SOLUTION:
will land on red is The spinner is divided into 6 equal sectors of two
colors each. So, landing on any particular color has a
19. P(pointer landing on neither red nor yellow)
probability of
SOLUTION:
The spinner is divided into 5 sectors. The ratio of the Find the probability that a point chosen at
area of a sector of a circle to the area of the entire random lies in the shaded region.
circle is the same as the ratio of the sector’s central
angle to 360.The measure of the sector colored in
red is 92º and that in yellow is 44º. Therefore, the
probability that the pointer will land on neither red nor

yellow is
23.

Describe an event with a 33% probability for SOLUTION:

each model. 2
The area of the large square is 8 = 64.

The smaller square is formed by joining the midpoints

of the sides of the larger square. The length of each
side of the larger square is 8 units and that of the
20. smaller square is
SOLUTION:
The area of the small square is .
There are three possible outcomes red, yellow and
green lights and the probability of each outcome is
The area of the shaded region is the difference of
areas of the two squares. 64 – 32 = 32

Therefore, the probability that a point chosen at

21. random lies in the shaded region is
SOLUTION:
The line is divided into 6 equal segments and the
alternate marked points are named. So, choosing a
point between any two consecutive marked points,
say 10 and 20 is

24.
SOLUTION:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero The length of each side of the large triangle is 14Page 5
units. The triangle is equilateral, so we can split it into
22. two 30-60-90 triangles to find the height. The height
 .
Therefore, the probability that a point chosen at
The probability that a point chosen at random lies in
13-3random lies inProbability
Geometric the shaded region is
the shaded region is .

25.
24.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The radius of the circle is 2.5 units, so the area of the
The length of each side of the large triangle is 14 2
units. The triangle is equilateral, so we can split it into circle is (2.5) π = 6.25π.
two 30-60-90 triangles to find the height. The height
The length of each side of the leg of the smaller
is . triangle is also 2.5 units. The area of the smaller
triangle is 0.5(2.5)(2.5) = 3.125.
The area of the large triangle is
. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of
the other leg of the larger triangle.
The length of each side of the small triangles is 4
units. The triangles are equilateral, so we can split The area of the large triangle is 0.5(3)(4) = 6.
them into two 30-60-90 triangles to find the height.
The height is . Then the area of the shaded region is 6.25π – (3.125
+ 6) ≈ 6.25π – 9.125.
The combined area of the small triangles is
. Therefore, the probability that a point chosen at
random lies in the shaded region is
The probability that a point chosen at random lies in
the shaded region is .
26. FARMING The layout for a farm is shown with
each square representing a plot. Estimate the area of
each field to answer each question.
a. What is the approximate combined area of the
spinach and corn fields?
b. Find the probability that a randomly chosen plot is
25. used to grow soybeans.
SOLUTION:

The radius of the circle is 2.5 units, so the area of the

2
circle is (2.5) π = 6.25π.

The length of each side of the leg of the smaller

triangle is also 2.5 units. The area of the smaller
triangle is 0.5(2.5)(2.5) = 3.125. SOLUTION:
a. Count the number of squares to find the
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of
the other leg of the larger triangle. approximate area of the spinach and corn fields.
There are 64 complete squares and 5 half squares.
Therefore the approximate area is
The area of the large triangle is 0.5(3)(4) = 6.

ThenManual
eSolutions the area of thebyshaded
- Powered Cogneroregion is 6.25π – (3.125 Page 6
+ 6) ≈ 6.25π – 9.125. b. The total area of the farm is 10(17) = 170 sq.
units. and the area of the soybean field is about
 units. and the area of the soybean field is about

Therefore, the probability that a point chosen at Therefore, the probability is

random lies in the shaded region is
13-3 Geometric Probability .

26. FARMING The layout for a farm is shown with 27. ALGEBRA Prove that the probability that a
each square representing a plot. Estimate the area of randomly chosen point in the circle will lie in the
each field to answer each question.
a. What is the approximate combined area of the shaded region is equal to .
spinach and corn fields?
b. Find the probability that a randomly chosen plot is
used to grow soybeans.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The probability that a randomly
chosen point will lie in the shaded region is the ratio
of the area of the sector to the area of the circle.

SOLUTION:
a. Count the number of squares to find the
approximate area of the spinach and corn fields.
There are 64 complete squares and 5 half squares.
Therefore the approximate area is

b. The total area of the farm is 10(17) = 170 sq.

28. COORDINATE GEOMETRY If a point is chosen
units. and the area of the soybean field is about
at random in the coordinate grid, find each
Therefore, the probability is probability. Round to the nearest hundredth.

27. ALGEBRA Prove that the probability that a

randomly chosen point in the circle will lie in the
shaded region is equal to .

a. P(point inside the circle)

b. P(point inside the trapezoid)
c. P(point inside the trapezoid, square, or circle)
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: The total area of the coordinate grid is 100 sq. units.
Sample answer: The probability that a randomly a. The radius of the circle is 2 units. The area of the
chosen point will lie in the shaded region is the ratio
of the area of the sector to the area of the circle. circle is
Therefore, the probability that a point chosen is inside
the circle is

b. The lengths of the bases of the trapezoid are 2 and

4 units and the height is 3 units.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero The area of the trapezoid is Page 7
13-3 Geometric Probability CCSS SENSE-MAKING Find the probability
that a point chosen at random lies in a shaded
region.
28. COORDINATE GEOMETRY If a point is chosen
at random in the coordinate grid, find each
probability. Round to the nearest hundredth.

29.
SOLUTION:
If a region A contains a region B and a point E in
region A is chosen at random, then the probability
that point E is in region B is

a. P(point inside the circle)

b. P(point inside the trapezoid)
c. P(point inside the trapezoid, square, or circle) 2
The area of the circle is π(5) = 25π units.
SOLUTION:
The total area of the coordinate grid is 100 sq. units. The area of a regular polygon is the half the product
a. The radius of the circle is 2 units. The area of the of the apothem and the perimeter.
circle is
Therefore, the probability that a point chosen is inside The measure of each interior angle of a regular
the circle is pentagon is A line joining the
center of the pentagon and one vertex will bisect this
angle. The apothem will bisect the side.
b. The lengths of the bases of the trapezoid are 2 and
4 units and the height is 3 units.
The area of the trapezoid is

Therefore, the probability that a point chosen is inside

the trapezoid is

c. The length of each side of the square is .

The area of the square is 8 square units.
The length of the apothem is 5(sin 54°) units.
The sum of the area of the circle, trapezoid, and
square is 4π + 8 + 9 ≈ 30 sq. units. The length of each side of the pentagon is 2(5 cos
Therefore, the probability that a point chosen is inside 54°) units.
the trapezoid, square, or circle is about Area of pentagon:

CCSS SENSE-MAKING Find the probability

that a point chosen at random lies in a shaded
region.

The area of the shaded region is about 25π – 59.4 ≈

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
19.1 units2. Page 8

29.
Therefore, the probability is about
 hexagon is A line joining the

13-3 Geometric Probability center of the pentagon and one vertex will bisect this
angle. The apothem will bisect the side.
The area of the shaded region is about 25π – 59.4 ≈
19.1 units2.

Therefore, the probability is about

30.
SOLUTION: Area of the hexagon:
There are three circles with radius 3 units in a row
and two in a column . The length of the rectangle is
18 units and the width is 6 units.
2 2
The area of each circle is π(3) = 9π units .
2
The area of the rectangle is 12(18) = 216 units .

The area of the shaded region is 216 – 6(9π) = 46.4 The width of the rectangle is equal to the length of
2 one side of the hexagon, or 8. The length of the
units .
Therefore, the probability is about rectangle is twice the apothem, or .

Therefore, the area of the rectangle is .

So far, we have each of the following areas:

Circle: 64π

31. Hexagon:
Rectangle:
SOLUTION:
If a region A contains a region B and a point E in The left and right pieces of the shaded region can be
region A is chosen at random, then the probability found by subtracting the area of the rectangle from
that point E is in region B is the area of the hexagon:

2
The area of the circle is π(8) = 64π. Notice that the top and bottom sections of the shaded
region are identical to 4 clear regions. These 6
Find the area of the hexagon. regions represent the difference in area between the
circle and the hexagon. So, the area of the top and
Find the apothem. bottom sections is
The measure of each interior angle of a regular
.
hexagon is A line joining the
The combined area of the shaded regions
center of the pentagon and one vertex will bisect this
angle. The apothem will bisect the side. is .

Therefore, the probability that a point chosen at

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero random lies in a shaded region is about Page 9
 The combined area of the shaded regions
is .
13-3 Geometric Probability Therefore, the probability that
is about 0.50 or 50%.
Therefore, the probability that a point chosen at
random lies in a shaded region is about 33. VOLUME The polar bear exhibit at a local zoo has
a pool with the side profile shown. If the pool is 20
feet wide, what is the probability that a bear that is
equally likely to swim anywhere in the pool will be in
32. COORDINATE GEOMETRY Consider a system the incline region?
of inequalities, 1 ≤ x ≤ 6, y ≤ x, and y ≥ 1. If a point
(x, y) in the system is chosen at random, what is the
2 2
probability that (x – 1) + (y – 1) ≥ 16?
SOLUTION:
Draw the inequalities in the same coordinate plane as
shown. SOLUTION:
The required probability is ratio of the volume of the
water in the inclined region to that of the pool. The
shallow and deep areas are rectangular prisms and
the inclined area is a trapezoidal prism. Find the
corresponding volumes.

The area of the shaded triangle with base 5 units and

2
height 5 units is 0.5(5)(5) = 12.5 units .

Find the area of the shaded region that lies inside the
circle. The shaded triangle is a right triangle with
congruent legs, so it is a 45-45-90 triangle. So, the Therefore, the probability that a bear that is equally
central angle of the circle is 45°. likely to swim anywhere in the pool will be in the
incline region is

34. DECISION MAKING Meleah’s flight was

Therefore, the area of the shaded region outside the delayed and she is running late to make it to a
circle is the difference of the area of the triangle and national science competition. She is planning on
the area of the shaded region that lies inside the renting a car at the airport and prefers car rental
circle. company A over car rental company B. The
courtesy van for car rental company A arrives every
7 minutes, while the courtesy van for car rental
company B arrives every 12 minutes.
a. What is the probability that Meleah will have to
wait 5 minutes or less to see each van? Explain your
reasoning. (Hint: Use an area model.)
Therefore, the probability that b. What is the probability that Meleah will have to
is about 0.50 or 50%. wait 5 minutes or less to see one of the vans?
Explain your reasoning.
33. VOLUME The polar bear exhibit at a local zoo has c. Meleah can wait no more than 5 minutes without
a pool with the side profile shown. If the pool is 20 risking being late for the competition. If the van from
feet wide, what is the probability that a bear that is company B should arrive first, should she wait for the
equally likely to swim anywhere in the pool will be in van from company A or take the van from company
the incline region? B? Explain your reasoning.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10
SOLUTION:
a. On a coordinate plane, graph x = 7 and shade
between this line and the y-axis to represent the
 Explain your reasoning.
c. Meleah can wait no more than 5 minutes without
risking being late for the competition. If the van from
company B should arrive first, should she wait for the
13-3 Geometric Probability
van from company A or take the van from company
B? Explain your reasoning. Shade the region bounded by the lines x = 5, y = 12,
SOLUTION: and the axes to represent the possible waiting times
of 5 minutes or less for the company B van. The
a. On a coordinate plane, graph x = 7 and shade 2
between this line and the y-axis to represent the area of this rectangle is 60 units .
possible waiting times for the company A van. Graph
y = 12 and shade between this line and the x-axis to
represent the possible waiting times for the company
B van. The area of the rectangle formed by the
2
intersection is 84 units .

In each of these rectangles, the waiting time of 5

minutes or less for both vans has been counted
twice. So the geometric probability is
, or about 83%.

c. Sample answer: Since the chance of Meleah

Then graph x = 5 and y = 5 and shade the region waiting 5 minutes or less to see the vans from both
bounded by these lines and the axes to company A and B is only 30%, Meleah should take
represent the possible waiting times of 5 minutes or the van from company B.
less for both vans.

35. CHALLENGE Find the probability that a point

chosen at random would lie in the shaded area of the
figure. Round to the nearest tenth of a percent.

The area of the square is 25 square units. So the

geometric probability is or about 30%.
SOLUTION:
b. On a coordinate plane, graph the lines x = 7 and y The probability that a point chosen at random is in the
= 12 and shade as before. The area of this rectangle shaded area =
2
is 84 units . Then graph x = 7 and y = 5. Shade the Area of the shaded region is equal to area of big
region bounded by the lines y = 5, x = 7, and the axes rectangle – (area of the circle + area of two half
to represent the possible waiting times of 5 minutes circles + area of two small rectangles).
or less for the company A van. The area of this
2
rectangle is 35 units .

Find the area of all the parts.

2
Area of the big rectangle = (6r)(2r) or 12r .
Area of the circle =
Shade the region bounded by the lines x = 5, y = 12,
and the axes to represent the possible waiting times Area of half circle =
eSolutions
of 5 Manual - Powered
minutes or lessbyfor
Cognero
the company B van. The 2 Page 11
Area of small rectangles = r(2r) or 2r
2
area of this rectangle is 60 units .
Find the probability.
 c. Sample answer: Since the chance of Meleah probability that the area of the triangle is exactly 48
waiting 5 minutes or less to see the vans from both square centimeters? Explain.
company A and B is only 30%, Meleah should take
13-3the
Geometric
van fromProbability
company B. SOLUTION:
Make a list of the possible integer sides for the
isosceles triangle. Since two sides are equal, they
35. CHALLENGE Find the probability that a point must be less than half of the perimeter of 32. That
chosen at random would lie in the shaded area of the means the two equal sides must have a measure of 1
figure. Round to the nearest tenth of a percent. to 15. Use the perimeter to find the third side of the
triangle. Use the triangle inequality theorem to check
if the possible sides could form a triangle.

Possible Leg, leg, base:

1 , 1, 30 (not possible since 30 > 1 + 1)

SOLUTION: 2, 2, 28 (not possible since 28 > 2 + 2)
The probability that a point chosen at random is in the 3, 3, 26 (not possible since 26 > 3 + 3)
4, 4, 24 (not possible since 24 > 4 + 4)
shaded area = 5, 5, 22 (not possible since 22 > 5 + 5)
Area of the shaded region is equal to area of big 6, 6, 20 (not possible since 20 > 6 + 6)
rectangle – (area of the circle + area of two half 7, 7, 18 (not possible since 18 > 7 + 7)
circles + area of two small rectangles). 8, 8, 16 (not possible since 16 = 8 + 8)
9, 9, 14 (possible)
10, 10, 12 (possible)
11, 11, 10 (possible)
12, 12, 8 (possible)
13, 13, 6 (possible)
14, 14, 4 (possible)
15, 15, 2 (possible)
Find the area of all the parts.
2 Using the Triangle Inequality Theorem, there are 7
Area of the big rectangle = (6r)(2r) or 12r . possible isosceles triangles with integer side lengths
Area of the circle = and a perimeter of 32 centimeters.
Area of half circle =
Since the measure of the three sides are known, use
2
Area of small rectangles = r(2r) or 2r Heron's formula
to find the area of each triangle. The value of s, the
Find the probability. semiperimeter, will be 16 for each triangle because
the perimeter of each triangle is 32.
9, 9, 14:

10, 10, 12:

36. CCSS REASONING An isosceles triangle has a

perimeter of 32 centimeters. If the lengths of the 11, 11, 10:
sides of the triangle are integers, what is the
probability that the area of the triangle is exactly 48
square centimeters? Explain.
SOLUTION:
Make a list of the possible integer sides for the 12, 12, 8:
isosceles triangle. Since two sides are equal, they
mustManual
eSolutions be less than half
- Powered of the perimeter of 32. That
by Cognero Page 12
means the two equal sides must have a measure of 1
to 15. Use the perimeter to find the third side of the
triangle. Use the triangle inequality theorem to check
 38. OPEN ENDED Represent a probability of 20%
using three different geometric figures.
13-3 Geometric Probability
SOLUTION:
12, 12, 8: Sample answer: The probability that a randomly
chosen point on lies between A and B is 20%.

13, 13, 6:

14, 14, 4:

The probability that a randomly chosen point in the

circle will lie in the shaded area is 20%.
15, 15, 2:

Of the possible triangles, only the one with side

lengths 10, 10, and 12 has an area of exactly 48
square centimeters.
Therefore, the probability that an isosceles triangle
with integer length sides and a perimeter of 32 cm
2
has an area of 48 cm is 1 in 7 or

The probability that a randomly chosen point in the

37. WRITING IN MATH Can athletic events be square will lie in the unshaded area is 20%.
considered random events? Explain.
SOLUTION:
No; Sample answer: Athletic events should not be
considered random because there are factors
involved, such as pressure and ability that have an
impact on the success of the event.

For example, a basketball player may make 80% of

her free throws throughout the season, but each
individual free throw that she takes is not a random
event. For instance, a foul shot taken at the beginning
of the game is different than a foul shot taken with
the game tied and only 3 seconds left on the clock.

38. OPEN ENDED Represent a probability of 20%

using three different geometric figures.
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The probability that a randomly
39. WRITING IN MATH Explain why the probability
chosen point on lies between A and B is 20%.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero of a randomly chosen point falling in the shadedPage 13
region of either of the squares shown is the same.
 square to the area of the larger square, which is
or 43.75%. Therefore, the probability of a
13-3 Geometric Probability randomly chosen point lying in the shaded area of
either square is the same.

39. WRITING IN MATH Explain why the probability 40. PROBABILITY A circle with radius 3 is contained
of a randomly chosen point falling in the shaded in a square with side length 9. What is the probability
region of either of the squares shown is the same. that a randomly chosen point in the interior of the
square will also lie in the interior of the circle?
A.

B.

C.
SOLUTION:
This is a geometric probability, so we will be D.
comparing areas. Calculate the areas of each figure,
as well as the shaded regions. Compare the ratio of SOLUTION:
the areas for the first figure with the ratio of the
areas for the second figure.
The area of the square is 81 sq. units and the area of
Sample answer: The probability of a randomly the circle is 9π. Therefore, the probability that a
chosen point lying in the shaded region of the square randomly chosen point in the interior of the square
on the left is found by subtracting the area of the will also lie in the interior of the circle is
unshaded square from the area of the larger square The correct choice is C.
and finding the ratio of the difference of the areas to
the area of the larger square. The probability is
2
41. ALGEBRA The area of Miki’s room is x + 8x +
or 43.75%. The probability of a randomly 12 square feet. A gallon of paint will cover an area
2
chosen point lying in the shaded region of the square of x + 6x + 8 square feet. Which expression gives
on the left is the ratio of the area of the shaded the number of gallons of paint that Miki will need to
square to the area of the larger square, which is buy to paint her room?
or 43.75%. Therefore, the probability of a F.
randomly chosen point lying in the shaded area of
either square is the same. G.

40. PROBABILITY A circle with radius 3 is contained H.

in a square with side length 9. What is the probability
that a randomly chosen point in the interior of the J.
square will also lie in the interior of the circle?
A. SOLUTION:
The number of gallons of paint required to paint the
B.
room is
C. Factor the numerator and the denominator to simplify
the fraction.
D.

SOLUTION: The correct choice is F.

The area of the square is 81 sq. units and the area of 42. EXTENDED RESPONSE The spinner is divided
the circle is 9π. Therefore, the probability that a into 8 equal sections.
randomly
eSolutions Manualchosen point
- Powered in the interior of the square
by Cognero Page 14
will also lie in the interior of the circle is
The correct choice is C.
 favorable outcomes to the number of possible
the fraction.
outcomes. There are 6 red marbles out of 18
marbles. Therefore, the probability of choosing a red
13-3 Geometric Probability marble is The correct choice is C.
The correct choice is F.

42. EXTENDED RESPONSE The spinner is divided 44. PROM Four friends are sitting at a table together at
into 8 equal sections. the prom. What is the probability that a particular one
of them will sit in the chair closest to the dance floor?
SOLUTION:
Since the samples are arranged with a fixed
reference point, this is a linear permutation. So there
are 4! or 24 ways in which the samples can be
arranged. The number of favorable outcomes is the
a. If the arrow lands on a number, what is the number of permutations of the other 3 people given
probability that it will land on 3? that a particular one of them will sit in the chair
b. If the arrow lands on a number, what is the closest to the dance floor, 3! or 6. Therefore, the
probability that it will land on an odd number?
probability is .
SOLUTION:
a. The spinner is divided into 8 equal sections. So, Put more simply: There are 4 equally likely places to
there is an equal chance of landing on any number. sit, so each person has a 1 in 4 chance in sitting at
Therefore, the chance of landing on 3 is any particular chair.

b. There are 4 odd numbers out of 8 numbers. Represent the sample space for each
Therefore, the chance of landing on an odd number is experiment by making an organized list, a table,
and a tree diagram.
45. Tito has a choice of taking music lessons for the next
two years and playing drums or guitar.
43. SAT/ACT A box contains 7 blue marbles, 6 red SOLUTION:
marbles, 2 white marbles, and 3 black marbles. If one
marble is chosen at random, what is the probability Organized List:
that it will be red? Pair each possible outcome for the first year with the
A 0.11 possible outcomes for the second year.
B 0.17
C 0.33 D, D
D 0.39 G, G
E 0.67 D, G
G, D
SOLUTION:
The probability is defined as the ratio of number of Table:
favorable outcomes to the number of possible List the outcomes of the first year in the left column
outcomes. There are 6 red marbles out of 18 and those of the second year in the top row.
marbles. Therefore, the probability of choosing a red
marble is The correct choice is C.

44. PROM Four friends are sitting at a table together at

the prom. What is the probability that a particular one
of them will sit in the chair closest to the dance floor?
Tree Diagram:
SOLUTION: The top group is all of the outcomes for the first
Since the samples are arranged with a fixed year. The second group includes all of the outcomes
reference point, this is a linear permutation. So there for the second year. The last group shows the
are 4! or 24 ways in which the samples can be sample space.
arranged. The number of favorable outcomes is the
number of permutations of the other 3 people given
eSolutions
that Manual - Powered
a particular onebyofCognero
them will sit in the chair Page 15

closest to the dance floor, 3! or 6. Therefore, the

 Put more simply: There are 4 equally likely places to
13-3sit, so each person
Geometric has a 1 in 4 chance in sitting at
Probability
any particular chair.

Represent the sample space for each 46. Denise can buy a pair of shoes in either flats or heels
experiment by making an organized list, a table, in black or navy blue.
and a tree diagram.
45. Tito has a choice of taking music lessons for the next SOLUTION:
two years and playing drums or guitar.
Organized List:
SOLUTION: Pair each possible outcome for the color with the
possible outcomes for the type.
Organized List:
Pair each possible outcome for the first year with the B, F
possible outcomes for the second year. N, F
B, H
D, D N, H
G, G
D, G Table:
G, D List the outcomes of the color in the left column and
those of the type in the top row.
Table:
List the outcomes of the first year in the left column
and those of the second year in the top row.

Tree Diagram:
The top group is all of the outcomes for the color.
The second group includes all of the outcomes for
the type. The last group shows the sample space.
Tree Diagram:
The top group is all of the outcomes for the first
year. The second group includes all of the outcomes
for the second year. The last group shows the
sample space.

STAINED GLASS In the stained glass window

design, all of the small arcs around the circle
are congruent. Suppose the center of the circle
is point O.

46. Denise can buy a pair of shoes in either flats or heels

in black or navy blue.
SOLUTION:

Organized List:
Pair each possible outcome for the color with the 47. What is the measure of each of the small arcs?
possible outcomes for the type.
SOLUTION:
B, F The circle is divided into 8 equal arcs. The sum of
N, F the measures of the arcs is 360°. Therefore, the
B, HManual - Powered by Cognero
eSolutions Page 16
N, H measure of each arc is
 Angles: Each angle intercepts a semicircle, making
them 90° angles. Therefore, the quadrilateral must be
a square.
13-3 Geometric Probability

STAINED GLASS In the stained glass window 50. What kind of figure is quadrilateral ACEG? Explain.
design, all of the small arcs around the circle
are congruent. Suppose the center of the circle SOLUTION:
is point O. Analyze the sides and angles of the quadrilateral.

Sides: Each side is a chord. Each chord corresponds

with two arcs, so the chords are congruent.
Therefore, the quadrilateral is either a rhombus or
square.

Angles: Each angle intercepts a semicircle, making

them 90° angles. Therefore, the quadrilateral must be
a square.
47. What is the measure of each of the small arcs?
SOLUTION:
The circle is divided into 8 equal arcs. The sum of
the measures of the arcs is 360°. Therefore, the
Find the area of the shaded region. Round to
measure of each arc is the nearest tenth.

48. What kind of figure is ? Explain.

SOLUTION:
Analyze the sides and angles of the triangle. 51.
SOLUTION:
Sides: Two of the sides are radii, so they are The diagonal of the square goes through the center
congruent and the triangle is isosceles. of the circle, so the diagonal is a diameter of the
circle. The diagonal cuts the square into two
Angles: is a central angle. The congruent right triangles with 10 m sides. These
corresponding arc includes 2 of 8 congruent arcs triangles are 45-45-90 triangles. Since the side is 10
around the circle. Each arc is 360 ÷ 8 = 45°. Two
m, the hypotenuse is
arcs = 90°, making a right angle. Therefore,
the triangle is a right triangle.
The hypotenuse is also the diagonal as well as the
49. What kind of figure is quadrilateral BDFH? Explain. diameter. The radius is .
SOLUTION:
Analyze the sides and angles of the quadrilateral.
The area of the shaded region is the difference of
Sides: Each side is a chord. Each chord corresponds areas of the circle and the square.
with two arcs, so the chords are congruent.
Therefore, the quadrilateral is either a rhombus or
square.

Angles: Each angle intercepts a semicircle, making

them 90° angles. Therefore, the quadrilateral must be
a square.

50. What kind of figure is quadrilateral ACEG? Explain.

SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 17
Analyze the sides and angles of the quadrilateral.
13-3 Geometric Probability

52.
SOLUTION: 53.
The four circles are all congruent. The radius of each SOLUTION:
circle is 3.5 in. So, the length of each side of the The equilateral triangle can be split into two 30-60-90
square is 14 in. triangles.
The area of the shaded region is the difference of
areas of the square and the circles.

The hypotenuse is , so the length of the small

side is . The height of the triangle is
.

The base of the big triangle is and the radius of

the circle is 6.
53.
SOLUTION: The area of the shaded region is the difference of
areas of the circle and the triangle.
The equilateral triangle can be split into two 30-60-90
triangles.

The hypotenuse is , so the length of the small

side is . The height of the triangle is
.

The base of the big triangle is and the radius of

the circle is 6.

The Manual
eSolutions area of- Powered
the shaded region
by Cognero is the difference of Page 18
areas of the circle and the triangle.