EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S.

(D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),

Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

CHAPTER 6: MITIGATION MEASURES

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The following sections outline suitable mitigation measures that are recommended to reduce to an
acceptable level the potential environmental impacts as discussed in the preceding chapter.

6.2 WATER POLLUTION

6.2.1 Control of Construction Impacts

Major water quality impacts anticipated from the construction phase are related to sediment runoff.
The measures proposed for the management of sediment runoff will form an integral part of
engineering details developed for the construction phase.

Upon the onset of physical works, it is important that the Contractor be guided in his approach and
planning of site clearance and earthworks. Earthwork plans and phasing details complete with the
relevant mitigating measures will be submitted to the Site Supervisor for approval before the
commencement of works.

6.2.1.1 Sediment Control

It is recommended that an Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan (ESCP) be integrated into the
earthworks plan; and that the Contractor at all times comply with the details of the plan. Refer
Appendix 3.3.1 for the ESCP Layout Plan.

The ESCP is a document that explains and illustrates the measures to be taken to control erosion
and sedimentation during construction.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-1

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

Typically, an ESCP includes the following:

 Description of predominant soil types within the affected area

 Details of site topography including existing and proposed levels;
 Design details and locations for structural controls;
 Details of temporary and permanent stabilisation measures; and
 Description of the sequence of construction.

The ESCP will ensure that provisions for control measures are incorporated into the site planning
stage of development and provide for the reduction of erosion and sedimentation problems and
accountability if a problem occurs.

Given below are general guidelines for nonstructural and structural erosion control measures that
should be incorporated in the ESCP and enforced during the construction phase. The effectiveness
of the ESCP can be evaluated during the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan
(EMP), which includes regular monitoring and audits. Guidelines for a suitable EMP for the
proposed project are recommended in Chapter Seven.

6.2.1.2 Land Clearing Activities

The felling of trees, bushes and shrubs, clearing of vegetation and undergrowth should only be
carried out once the layout designs have been completed/finalised and the site is ready to be
worked upon.

The area to be cleared should only be within the relevant parcel or sub-phase of the proposed
project and this boundary should be physically marked with tape. This is to prevent unnecessary
clearing on unaffected parcels of the surrounding land.

Trees and vegetation will be cut down, and removed by licensed solid waste disposal contractors to
a landfill site approved by the Local Authority (Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan).

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-2

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

6.2.1.3 Earthworks

All temporary discharge points required in the earthworks will be located, designed and constructed
in a manner that will minimise the potential threat of flooding the existing surrounding area. In this
regard, the Contractor must ensure that temporary drainage structures and surface water diversion
channels are in place prior to the commencement of earthworks.

Any disturbed earth caused by construction activities or fill operations must be firmly consolidated
and compacted by earth moving vehicles and compactors to reduce the rate of possible erosion and
release of loose soil particles. This is to prevent soil erosion, which could lead to increased water
turbidity and sediment load in the receiving watercourses. Denuded stretches must be revegetated
or turfed immediately after the construction works.

Unprotected stockpiles of excavated material or topsoil and fill material are very prone to erosion
and therefore must be protected. Small stockpiles can be covered with plastic sheets and large
stockpiles should be regularly dampened, and perimeter drains provided.

Stockpiles of construction aggregate, spoil and excavated soil should be located at sites that do not
permit direct run off into water courses and are generally flat. On-site storage of excessive quantities
of such materials should be avoided.

Compaction trials supplemented by any necessary field tests described in BS1377 (Method of
Testing Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes) shall be carried out before the compaction works
commence. Earth-fill shall not be laid on debris from clearing to avoid unstable fill areas.

Fill Materials
Fill material shall be of suitable materials in accordance to BS:1377. In general, soil from cut areas
is acceptable for fill and shall be used throughout. However, in view of the flat terrain, there will only
be some minimal correction to the present topographical profile.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-3

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

At present, it is anticipated that the fill material will have to be sourced from external locations
although principally the earthworks involves some minor correction of the existing land profile and
not conventional earthworks with significant cut and fill works. However, approvals from the
engineer and laboratory tests need to be carried out prior to confirmation. More details shall be
provided during the EMP Stage of the Project.

The standard of compaction for any fill works to be achieved shall be related to the maximum dry
density of the soil as prescribed in BS1377 Test No.12

6.3 EROSION CONTROL

Perhaps one of the most important aspects in controlling soil erosion in a construction site is the
construction schedule. A proper sequential construction method will greatly reduce the exposure
time of bare earth to elements such as rain, wind and construction activities. Additionally, all newly
formed earth slopes shall be close-turfed or hydroseeded after completion. Temporary drainage
systems will also be put in place prior to the commencement of earthworks. Refer Appendix 3.3.2
for the Road and Drainage Layout Plan.

There shall be no cut area at the site. Based on the construction schedule, earthworks shall
commence by mid of 2014 and shall be completed within twenty-four (24) to thirty (30) months.

6.3.1 Sediment Retention Structures

Silt traps and settling basins of adequate sizes, to trap silt and sediment from the on-going
construction works, will be provided at suitable locations prior to discharge into the receiving water
bodies. These structures will be regularly maintained and de-silted to provide maximum silt removal
efficiencies. Weekly inspection of such facilities is required of the Contractor.

Sedimentation retention traps (temporary or permanent) will incorporate oil and grease removal
facilities if necessary.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-4

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

The proposed location of the silt traps and temporary drainage during the construction period is
shown in the ESCP layout plan. At present it is estimated that there will be one (1) sediment pond
within the site during the earthworks and construction stage of the project as a contingency should
there be a need for earthworks. A brief description of the typical temporary soil-trapping structures is
included in the following sections.

6.3.2 Sediment Pond

A sediment pond, silt trap or a sediment basin consists of a dam or embankment, a pipe outlet and
an emergency spillway, where this basin-shaped structure functions to temporarily retain water. In
doing so, sediment originating from areas prone to erosion will be trapped and stored whilst the
clear supernatant is released automatically.

The proposed Project will have one (1) sediment pond. Sediment ponds serve to protect stream
channels downstream of the project from excessive siltation. Detailed design of the sediment basin
must meet with the approval conditions of the local government authorities (i.e. Jabatan Pengairan
dan Saliran). Regular desilting of the basin will be necessary to ensure that it remains at its optimum
functional capacity. For this Project, the proposed sediment pond is sized at 15mX15m with a
volume capacity of 130.50m3, suited to the scale of the earthworks volume designed for the
development.

6.3.3 Temporary Construction of Wash Trough and Concrete Paver

This will be located at the ingress/egress point of vehicular traffic. Containing clean water, the wash
trough is expected to reduce or eliminate the transport of mud from the construction area onto public
right-of-way by routing the vehicles through this pad. Aside from putting up structures to prevent soil
erosion and sedimentation, a viable alternative would be suitable revegetation programmes.

The concrete paver on the other hand is provided to enhance the vehicle cleaning system in
addition to the existing wash trough. The concrete paver minimizes the amount of earth materials
being attached to the tyres of the vehicles entering and leaving the site.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-5

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

Site Management
The contractor will ensure that site management is optimized and that disposal of any solid
materials, debris, litter or wastes are not indiscriminately dumped on site or disposed off in the
streams within the site. These waste materials will be collected regularly and disposed off at
approved dumpsites.

The next section discusses the framework of an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan.

6.4 FRAMEWORK OF AN EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN (ESCP)

The Department of Environment (DOE) and Drainage and Irrigation Department (JPS) recommend
that an Erosion and Sediment Control Program (ESCP) be formulated as part of a development
planning process. In line with the overall environmental control plan, the main objectives of the
ESCP is to protect, restore and enhance the environmental quality at the site and its surrounding
areas through proper and systematic planning, implementation and monitoring of mitigation
measures.

The existing environment of the Project site should be studied carefully and the design layout of the
Project should follow closely with the terrain wherever possible. The erosion control measures
should be effective, pragmatic, practical, easily understood and cost-effective. Eco-engineering
practices should be incorporated into the erosion and sediment control plan by using locally
available geo-material such as sediment and seed traps, or using live stakes as micro-soil nails as
well as to plant fast-growing tree saplings for long term slope stability.

The time-frame for completion of erosion control measures and maintenance programs must be
specified in the earthworks contract. Erosion control measures should be implemented closely with
earthworks to ensure that it is carried out systematically to minimize bare earth exposure. Constant
communication between the Project Proponent, appointed consultants and contractors with the local
authorities regarding the effectiveness of the erosion control measures is necessary and should be
encouraged.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-6

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

As part of the conditions of the implementation of the ESCP, developer is required to carry out an
environmental monitoring and auditing programme during the earthworks and construction phases
of the development. A quarterly environmental monitoring and audit programme should be
conducted throughout the entire construction phase to ensure environmental compliance in terms of
determination of water quality due to soil erosion and sedimentation.

The monitoring work comprises field data collection, laboratory analysis, date interpretation,
evaluation and the assessment of the status of the water quality which will assist in identifying any
adverse impact related to the development of the Project.

Upon completion of laboratory analysis and in situ observations, the results are evaluated and
interpreted in the context of determining its cause. Subsequently, any significant adverse impacts of
the activities on the environment are reported upon and adequacy of the mitigating measures
checked. Implementation and maintenance of an ESCP should follow the procedures as listed in
Table 6.4 in which each of the activities made inclusive in such a program is elaborated.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-7

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

Table 6.4: Procedures of Erosion and Sediment Control Program

Activity Comments

 Supervision  Supervision is needed during all stages of activities if erosion is to be effectively

controlled. Proper documentation must be kept on all the measures undertaken
so that an evaluation exercise on their effectiveness can be undertaken later.

 Maintenance  The upkeep of an area or system to a pre-determined standard. This will

reduce degradation of the erosion control measures and the areas that they are
protecting. All the erosion control measures should be inspected and
maintained regularly to be effective. For example, silt traps/sediment ponds
have to be desilted at frequent intervals to prevent overflow. A regular
maintenance program should be in place to avoid unexpected and expensive
repair work.

 Monitor  Monitoring works involve the observation of an area and the documentation of
the actual scenario at the time of observation. This includes field observations
or use of appropriate instruments. The aim of monitoring is to ensure that
erosion control measures undertaken are effective. Monitoring of all the
measures must be properly documented for further analyses, such as, to
establish trends in sediment output from the project site prior, during and after
project development or to establish whether the measures undertaken are
sufficient and effective.

 Field training  Comprehensive field training for site workers, sub-contractors, lorry drivers, etc.
relating to their responsibilities in minimizing erosion and transporting earth
materials from the site. There should also be signs throughout the project site
to remind them of the need to reduce the risk of erosion.
Source of Reference: Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Soil Erosion and Siltation in
Malaysia, DOE (1996 & 2010)

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-8

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

In general, an ESCP for a land development project such as this serves to provide:

 a clear interpretation of the impact the development will have on the environment, and
consequently will help to improve the quality of evaluation and interpretation by the
government authorities responsible for commenting on, approving, and monitoring a project;
 a clear interpretation of proposed erosion and sediment control measures to mitigate the
erosion and sediment problem;
 a saving of time and costs as both the developer and the approving authority have to abide
with the implementation of the plan;
 an improvement in the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the proposed erosion and
sediment control measures and techniques; and
 a plan that could be easily used to verify whether approved measures implemented during
construction are in place or require adjustments.

6.4.1 Erosion Control Measures

Erosion control is based firstly on protection of the soil surface from rain and runoff, and secondly on
capturing eroded soil particles on-site. The best way to control the generation of sediment is to
prevent erosion. The following principles are effective in reducing the soil erosion loss and particle
transport.

 Keep disturbed areas small – can be done through scheduling construction activities to
minimize the extent and duration of exposure of bare soil. Account shall be taken of the
season and if possible, the weather forecast. The work shall be carried out in stages and
the area of construction shall be limited. Should any disturbed areas be formed, it shall be
stabilized immediately. In the case of the proposed project, it is strongly recommended that
the area demarcated for future development be left undisturbed during the present
development works.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-9

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

 Protect disturbed areas against runoff from above site – runoff from undisturbed areas
above site shall be intercepted (e.g. with diversion channel) and diverted around the works.

 Keep onsite runoff velocities low – removal of vegetation cover increases both the
volume and velocity of runoff. Contour drain, retention of natural vegetation, provision of
buffer strip of vegetation, short slopes and low gradients shall be applied (if necessary) to
help keep runoff velocities low and can therefore reduce erosion.

 Stabilize disturbed areas – shall be done as soon as possible once land construction
activities are finished. Both structural and vegetative methods can be used such as ground
cover, turfing and hydro-seeding.

 Inspect and maintain control measures – it is vital that all control measures and
management practices be inspected on a regular basis and particularly after heavy rainfall.
Maintenance shall be carried out promptly.

6.4.2 Sediment Control Principles

Sediment control measures shall be implemented to maintain effluent water quality. The following
control devices shall be adopted (where necessary):

 Runoff Diversion Channels – the purpose of runoff diversion channel is to protect work
areas from upslope runoff and to divert sediment-laden water to appropriate sediment
retention systems. Channels are among the most effective and least costly practices for
control of erosion and sedimentation. They can be temporary or permanent. They are often
designed to divert ‘clean’ water away from working areas and shall be capable of carrying
the flow from the critical 5 years return period rainfall storm. It is important that a suitable
erosion proof outfall is constructed as diversions concentrate water flow and increase
erosion potential. The diversion shall be inspected after every rainfall and during prolonged
periods of heavy rain and cleaned if need be, as sediment will often be deposited in the
diversion channels due to their low grades and low velocities.
Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-10
 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

 Earth Bunds – used onsite to control direct runoff. They shall be built near the perimeter of
the site to keep sediment from leaving the area, constructed across slopes to reduce slope
length, used to divert sediment-laden water to sediment traps. They are particularly useful in
controlling runoff after top-soiling and grassing before the grass is able to be re-established.

Compacted topsoil bunds are usually used in this situation and care must be taken with their
design; construction and maintenance as they would concentrate water flows and increase
erosion potential. They shall be inspected after every rainfall and any build up of sediment
removed.

 Silt fence – Silt fences are very useful for retaining sediment from small bare areas or sites
with low slope angles. They are not generally designed for concentrated runoff flows and
are therefore usually unsuitable for large catchments, ditches and so on. Only in special
circumstances should they be used in channel flows. In operation, the fence usually
becomes clogged with fine particles, which reduce the flow rate. A pond then often
develops behind the fence, which must be allowed for to avoid outflanking of the fence.
Fences usually fail through undercutting or by being outflanked and required constant
maintenance.

If not sited correctly, they also fail through being flattened or overtopped. For this
particular project, the silt fence can be used along the beachfront (note: the
practicality of application in terms of its effectiveness in this case must first be
ascertained by the project engineers) and also along the perimeter areas of the site
that border the main road. The usage of sand bags along the inner perimeter of the
hoarding structures would also be effective in controlling and filtering flow out of the
project site.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-11

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

Plate 6.4.2: Example of a Silt Fence

The following recommendations are as listed below:

i. Monitoring of the earthworks at the project site according to what is set out in the DOE
approval conditions has to be carried out periodically in order to ensure the proposed
temporary earth drains, silt traps and a wet sediment basin are functioning properly.
ii. Adherence to the ‘Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Soil Erosion and Siltation in
Malaysia’ and ‘Erosion and Sediment Control Plan’ should be complied with and the drainage
is to be designed according to ‘Design Standard and Procedure for Peninsular Malaysia’ and
‘Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MASMA)’.
iii. Vegetating and mulching of filled areas should be carried out. Temporary covers such as
plastic sheets should be provided at the earthworks areas that are prone to soil erosion during
the rainy season.
iv. Maintenance schedule and instructions for maintaining control measures need to be developed. It
is the responsibility of the contractor to ensure that the major provisions of the sediment
control plan are being adhered to. A routine end-of-day maintenance check is strongly
advised. All maintenance schedules should be specified on the plans. The plans should also
remind the Contractor of his responsibility to inform other construction workers about the
erosion and sediment features on the site.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-12

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

6.4.3 Control of Operational Impacts

The rate of sediment runoff during the operational stage will be minimal due to the protection
afforded by pavements, turfing, landscape vegetation and buildings. Hence, besides maintaining the
vegetation and turfing within the project site, no additional mitigation measures are necessary.

For new developments, the post-development peak flow from outlet point(s) of the site to the
downstream public drainage system or receiving water bodies are required to be less than or equal
to pre-development flow for the design storm average recurrence level. This requirement, if met and
properly adhered to, will help prevent flooding of areas downstream of the project site.

Increased paved areas in the urbanised areas will cause an increase in peak surface run-off due to
the larger extent of impervious surfaces. This may cause downstream flooding. However, with
adequate flood storage volume provided by the flood retention structures, coupled with proper
design and operation of outlet control structures, the peak flood discharge can be controlled.

Where necessary, the drainage within the site and the surrounding perimeter shall be designed to
accommodate the drainage design for a 100-year flood volume. The drainage reserves will be turfed
and landscaped with suitable shrubs and trees. This vegetation will reduce sediment run-off into the
drainage system. The Developer has to obtain approval for the Earthworks Plan, Roads and
Drainage Plan from Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) Daerah Kuantan.

Wastewater generated from the site would comprise sewage and sullage. The wastewater will be
treated before subsequent discharge. All domestic wastewater will be transported via gravity sewers
and treated Extended Aeration Treatment System located at the western portion of the site to meet
the stipulated Standard A of the Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009 discharge
standards. The make and design of the plant must meet the requirements of the Department of
Sewerage Services, Ministry of Housing and Local Government.

The plant design approval must be obtained from Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd. The sewerage
design has been discussed in Chapter 3. Maintenance of the sewage treatment plant would be an
integral part of the various duties of the developer before handing it over to the relevant authorities.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-13

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

The accumulation of litter within the drainage system will result in decreased oxygen levels through
the decomposition of the waste. This would be aesthetically intrusive and also result in foul odour.
As such, it is recommended that drains leading out of the site be fitted with trash racks to trap litter
from the incoming discharge prior to entering the main drains.

6.5 AIR QUALITY

6.5.1 Control of Construction Impacts

The principal impact to air quality during construction will be the release of suspended particulate
matter or fugitive dust. This is generally caused by site formation works and from the ingress/egress
of vehicles. Additionally, to a lesser extent, exhaust fumes from diesel-powered vehicles and
equipment on the construction site will contribute to the existing air quality.

Effective mitigation of dust dispersion is by ensuring that soil particles adhere to each other and do
not become dislodged easily. This is best carried out by watering operations. Effective wetting of at
least the initial 6 cm of the topsoil is necessary. This exercise would tend to bind the loose soil
particles, increasing its effective size and weight thereby reducing the amount of fugitive dust
generated. Specific dust suppression measures are provided below:

 Carry out regular surface damping or wetting on general site areas, stockpiled fill and
aggregates especially during dry weather conditions.
 Regular wetting of the junction of the main public road affected to minimize dust
emissions from the surface of the road.
 Provide side enclosure and covering of any aggregates or stockpiles
 Practice strict compliance with speed restriction for all vehicles operating within the
construction site or on access roads to the site. A limit of 30 km/hr must be imposed
 Ensure construction vehicles moving in/out of the site do not cause deposition of soil or
dust on public roads by providing wheel-wash troughs and hoses at the ingress/egress
points. The wheel wash facilities should include the following:

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-14

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

 A temporary concrete hard-standing of sufficient size to accommodate a standard

sized vehicle, laid to fall with drainage and sump; and
 High-pressure water jets.

Additionally, it is important to prevent contamination of the existing roadways (i.e. the Kuantan-
Kemaman road) with mud/sand and construction spoil, as dust entrainment due to traffic movement
can cause off-site air quality impacts.

Vehicle washing, avoiding overfilling of construction vehicles and covering of potentially dusty
material during transport can help reduce impacts on existing roads. Correctly secured vehicle load
sheeting can reduce escape of fugitive dust by 90%.

Open burning on the site premises is strictly prohibited under the Environmental Quality (Clean Air)
Regulations, 1978. All construction spoil must be transported to legal dumpsites by licensed
contractors.

6.5.2 Control of Operational Impacts

Burning of domestic and garden refuse is not permitted by law. Thus, garbage should be placed in
plastic bags etc. for collection. All garbage will be stored at a centralized location (storage house will
be roofed and fully enclosed) within the site and collected by contractors licensed with the Local
Authorities in Kuantan. There shall be no burning of waste at the serviced apartments or at any
other areas within the development. Air pollution in the form of exhaust emissions, although not
significant, can be further reduced to maintain the existing clean atmosphere with the adoption of
the following measures:

 To provide sufficiently-sized junctions for smooth traffic circulation;

 Buffer zones along the road sides will be planted with trees and vegetation to trap dust
and other particulate matter; and
 Proper maintenance program of the road network will be implemented.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-15

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

6.6 NOISE

6.6.1 Control of Construction Impacts

Increased noise levels during the construction phase can be minimised by practicing quieter
construction methods. In view of the surrounding villages within close proximity to the project site, it
is recommended that all construction works be limited to daytime work hours only, from 7:00a.m. to
7:00p.m.

Good site practice and noise management can considerably reduce the impact of construction site
activities on site personnel and nearby Noise Sensitive Receptors (NSR). The following measures
should be followed during each phase of construction:

 Usage of hoarding at areas facing the village, especially at the areas facing the site
along the western and southern boundaries. Ideally, it is recommended that the
hoarding is used along the entire site boundary;
 On-site plants and machinery should be well maintained through regular service and
maintenance works;
 Machines and plants (such as trucks) that may be in intermittent use should be shut
down between work periods or should be throttled down to a minimum;
 Plants known to emit noise strongly in one direction, should, where possible, be
orientated so that the noise is directed away from the NSR;
 Silencers or mufflers should be utilized, where possible;
 Mobile plants should be sited as far away as possible from the NSRs; and
 Material stockpiles and other structures should be effectively utilised, where practicable,
as a screen to protect NSRs from noisy on-site construction activities.

In terms of workers safety and health, workers spending long hours on site, operating machinery
and equipment that generate loud noise should wear protective ear mufflers to prevent hearing
impairment/loss.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-16

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

6.6.2 Control of Operational Impacts

Noise impacts during the operational phase are anticipated to increase marginally when compared
to the present existing conditions (i.e. before development). This is because of the increase in
number of people (i.e. 1,250 persons) at full operational capacity.

However, with extensive landscaping, the level of noise at the boundary of the site can be reduced.
It is noted that this area is well within a developed tourist belt and as such, there are unlikely to be
conflicts with regard to elevated noise levels during the operational phase of the project.

6.7 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

6.7.1 Control of Construction Impacts

6.7.1.1 Municipal Waste

Simple practices which will minimise any potential environmental impacts from general construction
waste include:

 General construction spoil should be recycled on site as much as possible. For

example, construction aggregate materials, cement and rock are easily reusable on
site.
 Unsalvageable construction spoil should be stockpiled at a designated site. The
construction spoil may be sold to salvage yard operators or other contractors interested
in recycling the material. Alternatively, arrangements can be made with registered
private contractors or the Local Authority to carry out regular collection of the
construction and domestic waste for off-site disposal. It will be the responsibility of the
contractor to ensure that proper collection and disposal of solid wastes is carried out.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-17

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

6.7.1.2 Scheduled Waste

Any scheduled wastes identified will need to be disposed off by a DOE licensed transporter at a
recycling facility operated by a licensed scheduled waste contractor. Disposal of wastes that cannot
be recycled would be via the Integrated Malaysian Scheduled Waste Management Centre operated
by Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. at Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. The disposal of scheduled wastes is not
considered to be a key issue for the proposed project.

6.7.1.3 Unregulated Waste

The clearing of the proposed site will generate a fair amount of vegetative biomass. The felled forest
and trees will first be left to dry at the site, and later transported to a municipal landfill site for
disposal. The removal and transportation of the biomass must be undertaken by a licensed waste
contractor.

Burning of vegetative residues should not be carried out in the site premises. Apart from polluting
the atmosphere with smoke, such action, if left out of control, poses a risk of fire to the adjoining
properties and settlements, especially as many of the village houses are old wooden structures.

The proposed management system for biomass handling is as follows:

 Land clearing will be done in stages, where a zoning system will be followed to protect the
exposed land. After a zone has been cleared, it will be temporarily protected (i.e. temporary
cover crops, etc.) prior to the extension of clearing onto the next zone.
 To increase the soil infiltration capacity by reducing soil compaction through soil
roughening. This will reduce the volume of runoff.
 As much as possible, the biomass may be left to mulch on-site and used to cover as much
bare areas as possible. The usage of mulch as soil cover has the potential to reduce soil
erosion by as much as 90%. Apart from that, biomass can also be used as natural bunds to
be placed at appropriate areas to function as a barrier to prevent water flow out of the
Project site.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-18

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

6.7.2 Control of Operational Impacts

The amount of solid waste generated by the overall development is estimated to be 1,875 kg/day.
Disposal of solid wastes needs to be regulated and coordinated with the relevant local authorities.

The Local Authority, in this case Majlis Daerah Kuantan (MDK), or the appointed waste disposal
contractor, will facilitate the removal of solid wastes on a daily basis for the development. Recycling
of waste material should be encouraged, as the solid waste generated would mainly consist of
salvageable residential-household items such as bottles, tins, paper and plastic. In order to
encourage recycling, efforts can be made to place recycling bins at strategic locations (e.g. on each
floor of the serviced apartment blocks, at the courtyard area etc.) throughout the development.
However, these bins must be cleaned regularly to avoid the presence of rodents and the generation
of malodors.

Where scheduled wastes are generated from the premises for example in the form of spent grease
and oil, the proper storage, transport and disposal procedures as per the existing DOE regulations
(i.e. Scheduled Waste Guidelines, 2005) will be compiled with.

6.8 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

6.8.1 Control of Construction Impacts

Transportation of construction machinery and materials will be carried out only during off-peak hours
of the day. Off-site transportation of waste material will be regulated in terms of timing of
conveyance so as to avoid peak traffic periods (7.00 - 9.00 am and 5.00 - 7.00 pm); speed of travel
will be restricted to reduce probabilities of dust dispersion and spillage and the transportation routes
will be judiciously chosen to avoid congested traffic routes and populated zones.

All safety measures with regard to loading and transporting of heavy machinery and construction
materials will be observed. All loads will be secured with chains or strong rope. The Contractor will
ensure that the vehicles used are well maintained and that the drivers are competent. This is to
prevent the occurrence of accidents.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-19

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

The main access route for construction vehicles and equipment will be via the main road. As such,
flag-men should be present at the site entrance to help warn road users of vehicles moving in and
out of the site. Additional warning signs and lights should also be placed along the main road (on
both sides) as an added warning feature.

6.8.2 Control of Operational Impacts

A proper access road and junction will be designed for the proposed development, taking into
account the safety and traffic needs. This road shall connect to the main Jalan Kuantan-Kemaman).

The civil engineering consultant had taken into account the expected traffic to be generated by the
development based on the following assumptions:

 Anticipated traffic generated by the development and its impact on the transport network;
 Internal circulation pattern and traffic management scheme within the development;
 Parking requirement
 Road elements

During the operational phase, the impacts from traffic volume will be less as there will be no heavy
machinery emitting thick smoke entering or leaving the site. The number of car park lots which is
about 258 units shall determine the level of impacts foreseen from the traffic flow. As most vehicles
will be small scale vehicles and full house is only expected on peak or holiday seasons, the
likeliness of impacts from traffic during the operational phase is minimal.

With the implementation of adequately sized junctions and roads, traffic congestion within
the site is not expected to be a problem.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-20

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

6.9 SAFETY AND HEALTH

6.9.1 Control of Construction Impacts

Safety must be maintained at all times. The Contractor appointed to undertake the works shall take
the necessary precautions in the movement and operation of heavy machinery within the site for the
safety of both the workers and the nearby residents.

Major work areas will be prohibited to unauthorized personnel, especially inhabitants from the local
settlements, to prevent any untoward incidents.

All workers shall be properly inducted on the safety requirements for working on-site prior to the
commencement of construction works. The Contractor is also responsible for the provision of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for workers at site.

6.9.2 Control of Operational Impacts

Safety during the operational phase is not expected to be an issue. However, specific safety
measures will have to be implemented for traffic management (i.e. the use of proper signages etc.).
All staff must be given suitable training with regard to emergency handling procedures such as in
the event of a fire or flood. There should be a comprehensive Emergency Response Plan and all
staff must be made familiar with the procedures.

Since this is a commercial development by the sea, the management is responsible for providing
guests with information pertaining to the sea conditions for swimmers. A lifeguard should also be
present at the pool areas during the swimming pools operation hours.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-21

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

6.10 SOCIO ECONOMICS

6.10.1 Control of Construction Impacts

To prevent undue aberrations with the local community, the Contractor, when hiring foreign labour,
must ensure that the said workers are legally registered with the Department of Immigration. This
will ensure that these workers have medical and health certificates verifying their personal health.
Under the procedures of the department, regular check-ups are necessary for the renewal of their
work permits, which is done every year. To further ensure that socio-cultural impacts are kept to the
minimum, contractors are highly recommended to ensure that the workers are well managed and
confined to their worksite with little opportunity for confrontation with the local community.

The Contractor is also urged to inform the local residents prior to the commencement of works, in
order to create a better sense of understanding about the project. Based on feedback from the local
community, the EIA Consultant recommends that the residents of Kg. Sg. Karang Pantai and Kg.
Sg. Karang Darat be adequately informed about the project.

Informing the local residents about the difficulties which they may face on a temporary basis (e.g.
increase in dust and traffic levels, noise from construction works) will allow them to make the
necessary accommodations to bear with the difficulties.

Where possible, the Contractor is urged to explore the possibility of providing opportunities to the
community to be involved in the project. Discussions with the local community have yielded that
their main concerns are with regard to ensuring that the local villagers are given priority, where
possible with regard to work opportunities, during construction and operations.

6.10.2 Control of Operational Impacts

In the operations phase, the impacts arising from the implementation of the proposed project are all
positive, and will provide a major boost to upgrade the overall socio-economic status of the region.
There will also be greater opportunities for the local residents to be exposed to the spinoff economic
opportunities available from the presence of a new resort-styled commercial development in the
region.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-22

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

Greater interaction between the staff, visitors and the local residents (e.g. through local tourism
initiatives) will ultimately increase the socio-economic status of residents in the Kg. Sg. Karang area.
At this juncture, the developer should consider further enhancing local community involvement. In
this respect, the EIA Consultant recommends that avenues such as promoting local tourism (e.g.
highlighting the unique aspects of village life, the local ‘keropok’ trade and other recreational
activities such as boating and fishing be given due consideration when selecting commercial outlets
for the commercial properties to be located within the serviced apartments.

It is believed (based on observations in the area) that at present, such efforts are virtually non-
existent and sustained efforts have not been made by many residential nor commercial (e.g. resorts
and hotels) in the Cherating-Kuantan region to tap and expand into the market of promoting home-
made products.

The design concept of the commercial development, which emphasizes the importance of
environmental management through the establishment of large portions of green area and through a
good landscaping program (refer Figure 6.10.2), will make it an ideal place for the development of a
‘eco-friendly’ development zone, ensuring that minimal disturbance is created on the surrounding
environment.

The extensive landscaping programme will ensure that the site has a greater diversity of flora and
possibly fauna than many conventional commercial development projects.

However, a note of caution regarding the use of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Where
possible, the Project Proponent is urged to use more ‘natural’ means of maintaining the landscape
foliage. Use of collected rain-water and compost (from kitchen waste and from garden pruning and
maintenance works) is highly recommended.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-23

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

Hopea odorata Cassia fistula Melaleuca leucadendron

(Merawan Siput Jantan) (Golden Shower) (Gelam)

Delonix regia Archontophoenix alexandrae

(Flame of the Forest) (Alexandra Palm)

Calophyllum inophyllum Mimusops Elengi Dyeracostulata

(Penaga laut) (Tanjung) (Jelutong)

Figure 6.10.2: LANDSCAPE TREES

Proposed trees which would be ideal at various locations throughout
the Proposed Project area

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-24

 EIA for the Proposed “Cadangan Pembangunan Perniagaan di atas Lot PT 4405 (H. S. (D) 9677) dan Lot PT 4406 (H. S. (D) 9678),
Mukim Sungai Karang, Daerah Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur”

6.11 MAINTENANCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES AND RESOURCES

All internal drains will be adequately sized to cater for storm water run-off. The drains within the site
will be maintained to ensure drainage is not impeded and that litter is regularly removed. Roadside
drains including culverts will also be maintained to ensure they are not clogged. Similarly, the
drainage retention ponds and drainage reserves will be cleared of debris and the vegetation
maintained regularly. The road network within the site will be checked regularly to ensure all
potholes and uneven surfaces are repaired immediately.

All open/green areas and recreational areas, buffer zones and landscaped areas within
infrastructure utility areas are to be maintained and up-kept in a neat condition on a regular basis.
This will prevent conditions that are conducive to the breeding of mosquitoes and other pests.

As far as the trees are concerned, the Project development will attempt to preserve and retain as
many trees as possible, adjusting their location to their landscape concept and design suited for the
Project. This is because indirectly, the trees will greatly reduce the erosion impact apart from being
cost saving in terms of landscaping. The retained trees will be protected accordingly to ensure no
damage is done during earthworks and the construction stage.

6.12 PROJECT ABANDONMENT

In the event of temporary abandonment, the facilities within the proposed site should be sealed-off
from being accessible to the public, regularly observed by the Police kept under a proper
maintenance program. In the case of complete abandonment, alternative use will be considered in a
reasonable time. When considering alternative uses, due consideration should be given to the
developed land use in neighboring areas and in relation to infrastructural requirements of the
alternative proposal.

Asian Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd. 6-25