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Vectors & Scalars

The car traveled 20 km due north and then 35 km 60° west of north. The magnitude of the car's displacement is 48.2 km at an angle of 38.9° west of north.

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77 views5 pages

Vectors & Scalars

The car traveled 20 km due north and then 35 km 60° west of north. The magnitude of the car's displacement is 48.2 km at an angle of 38.9° west of north.

Uploaded by

nicosanquilero2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. A car travels 20.0 km due north and then 35.0 km in a direction 60.

0° west
of north. Find the magnitude and direction of the car’s resultant
displacement.

R = √A²+B²-2ABcos
R = √(20.0 km)² + (35.0 km)– 2(20.0 km) (35.0 km) cos 120°
R = 48.2 km
sin 𝐵 sin 𝜃
=
B 𝑅
𝐵 35.0 𝑘𝑚
sin 𝐵 = sin = sin 120 ° = 0.629
𝑅 48.0 𝑘𝑚
β = 38.9
The resultant displacement of the car is 48.2 km. in a direction 38.9° west of
north.

2. Sabrina walked 75 meters to the east. Then she turned 30 degrees to the
left and walked 25 meters. Determine the magnitude of Sabrina’s
displacement vector.

R= √A²+B² +2ABcos
R = √75²+ 25²+2(75)(25)cos30°
R = 97.46 meter
3. Determine the magnitude of the vector: a = 3î- 2j+ 6k
Here, x = 3, y =-2 and z = 6
|A| = √x²+y²+z²
Now, substitute the values of x, y and z in the formula, we get
|A| = √3²+(-2)²+6²
|A| = √9+4+36
|A| = 7

4. A girl walks 4 kilometers west, then 3 kilometers in a direction 30 degrees


east of north, before coming to a halt. Determine the girl’s distance from
her starting position.

OA = -4î
AB = î|AB|cos60° + j|AB|sin60°
1 √3
AB = (î3×2) + (𝑗3× 2 )
3 3√3
AB = 2 î + 𝑗
2

Using the triangle law of vector addition, we can write:


OB = OA +AB
3 3√3
OB = -4î + (2 î + 2
j)
3 3√3
= (-4+2) î + j
2
5 3√3
= - 2î + j
2
Therefore, the girls distance from her starting position is:
5 3√3
- 2î + j
2
5. Calculate the angle between two vectors Î-2j+3k and 3î-2j+k.

Let, a = 1î-2j+3k
b = 3î-2j+1k

a.b = |a||b|cosθ -eq. 1 |a| = √1²+(-2)²+3² |b| = √3²+(-2)²+1²


a.b = (î-2j+3k)(3î-2j+k) = √1+4+9 = √9+4+1
= 1(3) + (-2)(-2) + 3(1) = √14 = √14
a.b = 10

Subst. eq.1
10 = √14(√14)cosθ
10 = 14cosθ
10
cosθ = 14
5
θ = cos -1 7
θ = 44.4°

6. The magnitudes of vectors A, B, and C are 3, 4 and 5 units respectively. If


A+B=C, find the angle between A and B.

Step 1: Squaring the given equation on both sides


Let θ be the angle between A and B
A+B=C
Squaring on both sides
(A + B)² = (C)²
⇒∣A∣² + ∣B∣² + 2A.B = ∣C∣²
⇒∣A∣² + ∣B∣² + 2∣A∣∣B∣cosθ = ∣C∣²

Step 2: Calculations
Put the values of all the variables in eq. (1) to get θ
(3)² + (4)² + 2(3)(4)cosθ = (5)²
⇒ cosθ = 0
⇒ θ = 90°
7. A car travels from A to B along 30 Km north, then 60 km east, then 110 Km
south. Determine the displacement Of the car from A to D.

Solution:
AA’ = 60 km
A’D = 110 km - 30 km = 80 km
R = √(AA’)² + (A’D)²
R = √60² + 80²
R = √3600+6400
R = √10000
R = 100

8. A ferry transports tourists between three islands. It sails from the First
island to the second island, 4.76 km away, in a direction 37.0* North of
east. It then sails from the second island to the third island In a direction
69.0° west of north. Finally, it returns to the first island, Sailing in a
direction 28.0° east of south. Calculate the distance Between (a) the
second and third islands and (b) the first and third Islands.

4.76 𝑑3 4.76 d2
= =
sin41° sin 58 ° sin41° sin 81°
9. The resultant force due to the action of four forces is R, which is 100N
Along the negative y axis. Three of the forces are 100 N, 60° above The x
axis; 200 N, 140° above the x axis; 250N, 320° above the x axis. Find the
fourth force.

Let D = fourth force

Rx = Ax+Bx+Cx+Dx
0 = 100cos60°-200cos40°+250cos40°+Dx
Dx = -88.3022 N
Ry = Ay+By+Cy+Dy
0 = 100sin60°+200sin40°-250sin40°+Dy
Dy = -154.4632

D = √(Dx)²+(Dy)² = √(-88.3022)²+(-154.4632)² = 177.92 N


154.4632
tan θ = 88.3022
θ = 60.24
Therefore the fourth force is 177.42 N, 240.24° from +x axis.

10. Vector A has X and y components of -8.70cm and 15.0cm, Respectively;


vector B has x and y components of 13.2cm and – 6.60cm, respectively. If
A -B+3C = 0, what are the components of C?
Ax = -8.70 cm; Ay = 15 cm; Bx = 13.2 cm; By = -6.60 cm
If A-B+3C=0
(Axî+Ayj) – (Bxî+Byj) + 3(Cxî+Cyj) = 0
(-8.70î+15j) – (13.2î-6.60j) + (3Cxî+3Cyj) = 0
(-8.70î-13.2î) + (15j+6.60j) + (3Cxî+3Cyj) = 0
(8.70î-13.2î+3Cxî) + (15j+6.60j+3Cyj) = 0
(-21.9î+3Cxî) + (21.6j+3Cyj) = 0
3Cxî = 21.9î 3Cyj = -21.6j
Cx = 7.3 cm. Cy = -7.2 cm

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