0% found this document useful (0 votes)
118 views54 pages

Mechanics Notes

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
118 views54 pages

Mechanics Notes

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 54
syse ig | LECTURE Net CaS Cousimonve caurnns, —- BOOKS Younes twnpuis, Poisson's wari tna'ta> Sadi MECHANICS OF MATERIALS — toamner ruesosn vests & STRUCTURES Shy Maken’ Gxfouieur EXAM ~ enakeda® Raromstess — warren exans Cua uoley, Rims, DISELACE MENTS & STRAINS 1 Rdundank Gram) SS Cit Geomermiens reoeveties oF ORE BOOK , Yo CAN Bring Puan AREAS CeAmOID FEST CeOMEAT - ONG Coad Oney Books jr he, Ea struts, sain tdusgbooamant — DRA. Bxens = Rasta, Kaos, 4h = ReaTeaes. Ber VE LAY tositol te (ue rca Mea Uo Bas eS seam nes Conwe er + Bonding ‘naman a owe AOU) eta ee = toevan( tneatenet OBorr “Koa, Owes) s eaG a set = Shean FORCE. ae TE wrt ic ~TRANSUERSRL BISPLACEAGEASE A Comte Quon OF MALEK tyr ws eseRm enn CAF BUEg eye Wee OAS 0 anaminan in which 0 By und SWEAR [sien oF ERA w]e CemmuESHeN ceaaREy a CHCA! Yanmant To A SUED Acts) (wader a. criticat and.) PRNCAELE ARES OF WERT = RRQDUT OE tueeTA wlE-T Leaes Cu, Gres: Sms (situ saes) — Veronikakeumm@freenekole | SoM SRE). Vee FE ne a Ca Kocwases poner, © sen (eri smi ,SvE8 See8) Cad dn com wor nad additonal eg uadions we Awe this theorem , we Undsodiice {he Wtnte dom By Ks shreres (infemat wore ee Geom i wand eh bee a tring) CHAPTER A PRKOBLE RU OF WERT ‘ RRRED mec Ly % FOU FOIE Bw ee BSE *Sya8j- 2 Sines > See Syaa but yet wabak 8 Mae ceBadton? . We DEFINE Fest Moment OF AREA AB Losewire SwALL FAs ge ABE A) wend RESREET 8 x we: (GUNESSD sriast MoweNT oF AREA A Lxwe Given Se flgeeyan {fis simlosty: [Sqe Syrah EXE. } gp es pA eomg MAA Rie 9 qoxogotare. x Se Tee) ee vind s FE > 8C2 KB aid sata coh: a) e xe Me ne Bo nes cand. ‘ AN DC = AB ° x A Xs Kcosd ysind. t= -CaPe Ye eanary ond 4 . x*. ODEDL | Ay from £ OAD D0= OR .cosd + 4 Foe PAB, AB“ Sind. ND aot 4 Xe x omg tysind AR with ceyuck to XK ons yd =dS YT= PB BC Bc ADAD) ue digre Gecch momar of Hh ojven ota, arth ctsquck be y ons See yd (apne), yf = yusd- 4 sna sacn) “aig See fyas Sk Saas + y* + B (dis@aument) 2 Brag (yrB)Ad > Sea sfyfar + 8 fan, SR 8A tense SEED 9GREISHEBR (ft womans Onatogieally, Bor Ha woke 2) GyESESA oma A Ceaguak te 4JyOKIs, 2)x axis) vas LECTURE N82 Cygosts) ey Loa ame : ay Super (enaarcee) Ce EDREE AND A MOEA (Gri He (sce) € “EH cto cowmeexou T peceaces + unten A KUUEMATIC MUALYSIS OF & STRUC- AUPE Is HE PROCESS OF DETERML= NING LE A smbeTUeE Ig STATICALLY DET RMINABLE sTWS 1S ROMIEVED BY CALCUL ING: “WE DEBREES OF FREEDOM ANDTHE DEGREES OF CORETEMAT AND CO” PARIS THER eae 3008 tac Boor "rust duternia Me & Teeccusse cotanton of he collie fig yorneusfire on ure trong, Rag Me wile conker of gf rntaion SD OWTABLE. SrevcrvRe MHPRE Vpeannan Te Maa dec purl KINEMATIC. ANALYSIS ! frat daa fis > Sdaqgees 0 eastconn, > def’: doe» STAMICALLY DEERMINED STRUCLURE + con Be votoed wing ory eqyatiGeiumn eqpakiony ATIVE TE LATOR @eAesoU Go0CES | AQUA RE POSMUE TD RyolD CONEUSTON - EQuATIONS: 4 Hates 0) Ha Hs #1 ZV=0> Va> 2.0 -gle0 Vas Bq SqL.$ ~gb.l -Ho eed ge - gt 2 Het + HeO > Hye Heed Via Soh Caer: 87 Bap 2b equis Yap. Z.0 0 O=0 >THE eQuUsAIOrs Is VER eieo RS ns once TD, tena voeee CREED won soa woRure Rare is 0 disiviBused Read, Aue a diaggam of Re Binding, Toten 4 0 PARRROLA PRO NS “2g png veg | weg wg weg paws $ uu G (G- wone) Mo ®. i LP vegies CONTACT PROP. canis saemo SHuTUST Camus . sonssest @ ROL. ce 4E ase Tae Sco eee ene |? | tymrroae | T25t] aaa Te be | Mo Mo. 20 Pe. : eB: M0 c > slides, Haine Sms 8 Wor GEE oF A com (HD Bee DVO RETERMANE A SAUURE A 24 ae Srameen pros Y we gust NOnTS CHER THE CENTERS OF ROTATION ARID “THE TYRES OL o& couemawe Seek = poe 2 he ty |O,-S 4_ t | > Oe my ——— Bo, fearon ~ — a Leenws > 2x3*G DOE dim this com we oo Rowe o “thee fin pat ach © ABD tines ge Gooc > dre * doe. we can Sate She eae Shuck ober etc Gen Seta, obra WEAN eneTON FORRES S THe Harter, Hee “Ho sf Zv-0 VeeVesah- tah +0 Vator gh 5 rM-0 SP: He -aqtt+o Hye 2h 2 Val rgb =0 Vara Vor QLVas ob-ged Has = 29h LECTURE 3 TaMNGKe Seo 2482", 2019 Ser Syd voneaoa Syeda CeNTROID Sa op ae ds yt Ser Syd Sye)an- Bhan = Se-8A See (gga « = {yin dK on infitsmall oe. £ Gi the corked So fran [looa)ae Sy- of (WE CAN GND A TRANSLATION A New ARG | TWAT gemisfleg THE ConpeTioy THAT THE RIRST RAURAENT OF AREA (EQUAL TO OD SK EAD ee, Sx-0 Sy.0 2 2 Sq “ake0 £6 oc that tronstoken) + San UNE Sr GGA te CEAEEAE tof going, « Gaarn We on con @ das Be canted Ongena axe ZI c be Be ae ot 4» Fae mare Kon ore = ceordinade agin Rang 01 Us ign ond ay ol sai Be ondihen Hod hu fan tament oh, atr i4 2mm. Frow dows thod Pagan? ROTATION xP Ramdyind YF e.sin ds cond, SYMMETRY PMS Gy —— ween! i Sy fan ded oats OBSTET MEA ‘9 TE GEARED LES THE Srtmerey ALIS See gn Shan gdb Sy fad ay Sf? [Gosasyemd} dA tana lSadils sind te > Sy? «tad. 04 5ind.0 +0 RARADCuZwe BA Sut oe MINE We WARSI 9 THE CODE MOMENT OF INERTIA = SECOND MOMENT DF AREA Th esse TO MY As be Hine KANE TD Set AA Rs WE DEFIME Neoware oe Weern (Mor T) 0 varcesien fern dA rm sete ee afiys the tanta dutaciant chan fone te bTq7 SK doveer ssorgt fumuce Wwe Fave daub divtencaa dhe 2 Toes [yn Peasien Tye {aa [. (ng) ‘han Woda Bsn, ABE oe alas axa te eh fe dimontam meen: p) An By dB = tds 4% % L “Tar {gua = otel elem Below 2 Te Satay s eye 2 emt = = Jly)%an = fan af fa ~éigah * WF xiy ABE CAON, Wet: Ses Sy Ia Ty rots tag cesta HUVGEN 5 » Taslyy dhe Tess Ta 18h > to Syrmetng Tie Tyee os Te 2% yy Tete 2D Te \ferde san fede + hen ype =a ([$], + 2. Wee = “hoy = att GESTION: Fa. wns ve mane?) 7 AT Ty AF y Toes Tyys aft » Sy tan « fysnrSe fan "oe {Bah « 7 POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA Worth BeSPEK TO A POINT te = Goth = [ea aaa + (Sean) 88), =o LECTURE N?4 28 ee. 209 Task Nee Nore attr ci a ve «~ y ae 4 t oi+ Js oi oo — SesctvaTNE ae + oemag. nee REDG > Gmre7 Kyi » Goes w omsomwr (2 tc fan) Se como OF gaMTON BO NETL A TH “Sig AIG > THEEE HNGED pase | Saute enuame T NaF 20 © Une 4 Ema hat re ce He Stine -4e SMe oer wit ap sey 0 = Oh -Va df Ba arse Me 06 Benn wee Me tHe 20 +F.U+48.L 0 Me + 21. (48) s#Le an -0 Me VAL Se Me 2PL0 > Mace 260 RegULT. Hae “Fe Ke «78/2 Var Mes af yet 2 5 QFL- FL-MeL+PLe y AL=O BFL = SFL 4 EL =D see-sFts0 Vo ow sun fee toy page eet a us tanen ean [4% TE 1" a on Bt seis S May -Mestptcent ou Sand Cree ! Mtge te8 La ep te a = sD 7 = [#* pou. RHMe aC ae reaereD earner weer amc on m heme ore oo oe 8) B ~ x eae Ea ge) foe ot ag | e ae B T —E b ALWAYS Lor Tae DACA ON "We SIDE OF We EnsION — Fe zB D Unaroesane: -Y N ere THe Gens OER att beste ks Binet Ste frcashe .. ewe mows = ogni ‘Soo oh Bree 8 ORE Vw 9 Was Boy E T WEN E-R wverd aves BF a % A . fs Sa iH tl fe +e Os 8 c > 4 FF Tasen © TF Fe nee 0 Fav te eonoxons Nemo © the een © TF vesomteing He me Ws Ne DucOANAS GE tte se eto TF Gres te Ye OF cada rcmant me a Saye ~M (xs) + PR xs OF Teer SSM Mls) = fons Miro M(y* pee oo FEET, ~My <0 os Srdemd: BEE gots -vathe fougok | Cok, = -Sindd + GAM Te + Try [cord sin'd) = Salk Ty + ee See ak > eae ak = (Po Ty) BRE + Ty cone => Ty = | snag Gaeta) cand toy © Penne ernciee wes oF Wena inverse fonction of tg IS WF Possiete end A somos Z ast, 2h = orth, 2. spar sansty THs Conomion Tye yt tor ont Fs ryt te F Tort { (asntoyent)'an Sustain, y? Toc Tyy gngi +» -Tryewtl | sonad Toy { leeaksyent tan : Setting Tea py smth ma pt i ty 2 tik FINISH > SOLVING A PROBLEM SRA, ea0 Ye corms eee eae woes stom Te, Tig, Tay SE 2. Fb we ORME es oF MAA ‘ee 4 Fup We RNIN oMENT Oe 2 See Acer Ace t Ace Nearie Sys heat Arg + Ass if we add | Toye yg Te Taye Tar Syan- Tes Ty le Ais = fans (gan © (gan ne poneile ose of esta. sity Se Sten fs pores aman AD NAXOWAG VRE BE MouERE OF (wemne wsieds Rory ws "HE CEAREND SH AT Ie Yoo Woh Ve Foon OH THe CNTEIN Ne we simian AH Tyo jets sy i ‘Sons fossa ago COMPosite AREA — 7 we 2 & eR DEAS HAS ee baba 5 Bas Behe: Ase ee 3S LECTURE NEG SbeoImas, . p Soe + tae 5 ancient) Spe, Ly Ip It ‘ ¢ tj ee we | toe rund ob ook sa dtmok foe ted te lot Ha dooqrame vith on intemal tap at db fone Starting, ‘ptr > WE NEED To GEEK we rAUERURE! a ae He eachon ors oy} +} 9" ie lo oy me |, Nave Lots sreucmons a, a6 tine 2 star 98 A WerOs Wee DS Ma Orel oD Mar ont +e Um ORE “DEMME RAY VALUE OF TE w= RRWAL SOEEEE IY KW MING swe Hee ne We MO Ree wie FoRs iF (eSRTES > o-9 a le tes * we Use yaa Ve: Os as b P ~HeE-Ee sete wee % CBE are Pinta! By, Booving Mam we ound Cee an Bincpe! By Seckng Mans hey te i ene pf % theo we Le A Ne eye 4 wees fe ie ye Mle Ca ee DUAGRANS OF Te ERUAL FOROS Ore OF OMe “MoD Nags 2ee-are + Fe Fee — me - FM + Fe. 2 20 LA Med Ss ane » e Ye an te —Hp LM dD J fhe+ Ft/a Je Fe poe © wn ty Ffe-tb-FU-MesD Fe-et Med & # “Fe tsa mw Na #2 Vv structure 1 ® e fe i Sees . a . deo evkeenat and antemas sugars of at Yu tame tine mina netocee e fg My 20 La > Ades a wt ee, Vins > te pe 3 GECMTSRRTERRTTEIRIND “My , coh fo A me [M2 doR]= 4eeams x Sar io iM, opt 20 eae = Bake oy eR Ba eae = B44 fdee| > Ha 2D grit metade Me yt Me D Qe 2x Lao S. Yk20 mont Enter wat aod Genuce, US starch Wet % A -a8t *NG.28 -0 (fonsgts te Vga oF ys SC ptfen «by fowitie mt, E aad o FT i vu Vee QU fae = % seein) — : F ° eo ete ge -% -Me-0 L eee TNS aerator wee 0% oo | a ee <—Yaro Ret mercer al wes ah 1A! awe Nga viene ee Luverne Srmen noes GO srevewure 4: Fre DIAGRAMS OF IWTERNAL FORGES. “- ‘ te lant ‘oo sd ven 2 2 * 1 NG> Rape ae . Oe [ose a¥atte 0 p a shuckurat 7 denark Y VE .0 J p @ —e GD -29e +2qe-erHe U0 _ Hg-U-D > We+0 3 CTT LECTURE. NP? CHAPTER #2 STATICS Sree FE CARNES MEDLG RSMNSSEN bE FOES. A A We HIME Mwy CQULIERKOM & Tems.ATON + foams Ls OF QULINRUNE ER FROES Guause Us nao Ames ae Bowes Stan ed RE l oars was oe HS! WE WE TERA ORES. “> AERIAL fan ever een ste (near sees ents as tas) sueeee wee We SELECE A CYLINDRICAL WLLME Sotn cw re maces me thon wun tens Hy by fon & (568) Seexon Neo oe cexsema DETERMIN wrernenon wi A oie (soma) £ cal he conser A CRORE er een Bic Au motes eoINT 78 Pout EQUILIBRIA REQUIRES "WAT TE RESLERIT = A QOMNEKENT VOLUME fice wy AT ic = Sesuomim feede IA are A, FRO TRAKSAATON apy Foeres b Boor FORCE Xe REL UT YOUN lamennn. sreenses corse & Eo,n)aq vas ome WE Ow ASSUME MAE WE MOREA OA FORT route ‘Twe QHUANAIA OF TEASURONS IE OF en eonsman 0 Me eetsno & eess, NOT OF sees seo 2 Ele-A)dn JEede -vemuces sli we eases ? qu TO DEENE “We Waue OF Te amactt soon row (sues vecwe) © = Let Se demon oF ae ‘SkRESS VECTOR, sven re AF a &>0 E (ea) --E (RA) 7 Ro or WW Genenny £ WAS Tus commvents’ +R WORMAL Comtonent & +o oA SEAR CoMiPOMEAST Ise Have TO IMRSE TE EQULLBRILN BF (Most IMPORTANT PART OF THIS CHAPTER: t Pe urtennes qnint nas sagt cove ple a og We ofa ange te stony Aon sued Ge DY B-h distonce Ha Acliad ps ame ‘we owe Aina Poa dk - orientodion Th ~ air B ilo) wT guoa Dr axs ddx ‘ ~ fedliwad ame uth orien 5 “worm dagvad ty 8 dB Lown fe x ons, L (onan dio mans! EalOs-t)d% rth oeo, pie a dhe ongests Ondo ack jut LOnct)ads S00, wwe pre a i reckons, Ele,adans Bele) di “Eyl f ig + Tat -Wam +0 Llowdan +E (8) ) da + € {tac + ean=d B Cold Be Gorm > eqyiGieerun wt cin RCA) . ies: Hed) YODEye &d- (as). =A) E(Firn halon tale es Z- DIMENSIONAL CASE ks gm ae cabs wie Lo ot dy ae ae apiGoUlr oberg, x-o¥s. Luxeon nxt T an Weal site’ Stine soyitibrinn of % - Onis Ly = Gry rr yyy + Typ Me ee Bat dbne LpUbsum olor, 2-Dis Sas Talk Top chy t Pane osetia ane Shine Yar Mama MATRNK. om Wy Te Te [Ty yy Te Ue, Xu oy Ty Oe a u thon fu tuesoripts, Out x Sone > -K'S O RoTWAT Cogn onunk is, > fun DIAGRAMS: FUNCTIONS 9F THE cearis, Me} ye ee qe ® 7a a Ceo) M(x) - 361,20 Hy My = 3 s/o »{ tr “le oF Zhe ST Mid ease: Se (Len):0 Mla) > -aeteBPe+ 8x ne, Mw, = 3.x, FR Doe: 4 (A)s4(c)+ 2) + AO) =o DoE: AtenMs x Smee G THO: - ae thet He =O ne Het He =F pes, Tve0) Vk ar Ae =D a wae Ws Mbs) =0. Vive "SF ~ = S-0 De ee Be |] wha) atic BaF 0 +e = . 2 BDC A weer cen BRO x P aT hte 2a AE tated Re ones R Ry vohde ok A and,0. cord f: e . & a * jE ed Unferect ob © ond Rarefpre te te MQ) = Sha = SE ook Be o Binge DE is bon > Weke CARN BE A RORROLNL TREE Wee + He“ 2 Hee oF ‘Te xe ROLY MD HE YEERERL > es WAM ROFMOWAL LabIUBEA OD UR ase Wn dk “36 ake O + ne Vert FFaD ¢ J no ym ewer PT 1 are - 36.20 +Me:0 x SY Jae Mes Ape ere Yu. Gundang, owt ( op A cued wy we (O)b ™ te 7 oh by tho a = AiRronk Beiertaron > Lhe jeg :. a ot Girone fa Sox Awe f wn As Se Moiars vausked tonpeare ISOSTATIC: TRIANGLE Stowe roast lu T ‘static ‘deer inate | aoe a | BBdoe se ie ‘Hiwch pin ofertes Adoc to wach rom Us Cohinwcktd, 4 Ww Bbeams ,Apin > 2(n-4) = doc rs ok sans 90 im Mas cose 3(8-4)- Doe ‘ha rods ose vk subguk to Cotedting “wuss re wad se oft! Giada, ork i a ada Aowcknk Aayge oh Gyre ty Ondo? fseser go TRS Wy Bebb MOMENT USERUL smart > Yood's wk 1 (We) (gb He) + afar) A AY + aoa) hs + aba) hey + als-agny = asas 04 444 = AB ARE Bs Fee 0 9 He -F Ha: Yeates <0 He20 VP BEND, U0 WW OER 4 FIND He myTERNAL ORES WE NEED TW ORCA UP THE SRE Fleer, (.eD 4 Nv E =e 3 | ae, & F a [es My wove D Must be aes PRULIGARTED! (wery nods must te) WSs Neo «fu Nts sBang20 Nes REMEMEER TIEONOMETIE VAWES oF st Sin wa 38,88 Ho! Wy woot A pO, Ft (ome) tr Ne © (emer) woe FNS Nye Wel wu), Isr Nag Nig « Woe We Nye? Ys Nast . NEE Nags 20 Nays F Nss FUL (Fenner) TRuss| Cee NODE C me RESULT WmST We TEED aoe ak te iS FT Not Neg NX oh: F-FO¥ te By. eepeow & ibe! ’ / G eye ee t Ar Bo, (noc teyts we Sucre 1S Conmosen UE Zsa Uy BeteRWseD SHDETLCES yee Pave asec ff Se TeNUMERR WE BEANS > 1 DOF Un-4) doc. WHEN SoLUNG A THLES, SET GREE na) WE PMO NUIT FORCES AD KANE tess REAL, LECTURE NES (FiRst ener) ‘1600T. A919 “Wesbay AAA Fi t DUE TD (UTERINAL STRERES SMCS A BEAM: ExTeRIRL EOROES CAUSE INTERNML STRESSES; AS A CONSE GUENCE OF ERULIBRIUNS OF TeRUREATINY: Ws SteriD & DEFlWED BY HE Dmten- cpaiow » t (Ra) = - Ele -A) LOCAL eRULBRIN DF TWANRLATIOS = ORTHOGONAL SECKION. JE We THVE DRTMOGONIAL SECRION THE (TERIAL CORLES (BENDING UWE, any Site) ame TESUSTAMT CERES OF Ress, (AWE DERE WE EXTERNAL SS) el ie + COUCHY'S THEOREM IF WE ave TEND %(P,H) we uove JH tow Ssmess vermRs (RemWE O43 ORTHAGANAL PLANS) BS A CONTERLENCE OF GQUIUBRION 6F TRANRLATION EQUAL BT rpusiTe CeNte. yy wt Loy A STRESS VeEmE, DRTHOGORAL TD Tie PLANE, Dre Tey Pay Tye Me WY WROER TO WRITE “tHe BHUUIBRION EQuarcns WE NEED ENCES! smesst = vad Taig diye getty | Trydyde” Ld . bony dee FF AQOUT. 2-ANS! WE COASIDER NERO Aes We Wy HE CATED they SHUR FORCES PRONE A LAOMENR. (ss We DWsTRARE © GS O,7RE HORN FOR es Howe eoAmIBLTON) THERE ARE WO MOMENTS. (N WE CARRIO, @ Wing dy.da. 4 -Ctey dade Sa. “Tey. dey da- tay-chedy de 0 Trg: Tye Y) tyes Tey |W Beas Tax WEST ARE EQUAL, TE Te 8 8 eouRoNERS > 2 Tye MERWE HG es Uupgeesben 88 Te ca eeuetts IN ® Bemis We AAUe, 20K 5A SHERR Teds Els tlenck + by legge tel. Cre oe omsent COMPONENT Swess wate a To Te FoR EBVILGRUM OF Monash We Const DER RLY ese EQUILIBRIUIA BF MOMENTS > VF BOL Sees Sy Tay oe FO, irs catey Con sees fhe 1S BebNS) Wag. wie FL ty * owoaL COMPONENTS: Tax, Tyy ~ BUCRUSE TOF MEE PResLLR ANS XC AMD NAGY FERECHVELY LécTURE NED oer g010 wesom PLANE STRESS-MowR's CIRCLE CEERAEHOAL RERRESEARIOAY OF 8 THE SMES WF UMMA FORT ae OF UNE Two Mem. STEREO oy He same cess a, me 0 HAZS| Tne Kany Ao Taye ee aR mae (3Er at on Mt) ssrness | eoRce wu Li o [oda | casde | 7 = TS dt < tdSde | oxyde | cos £ crclyds| Sndoudigy sen | mada | sind mydis ds beasd cay. duyde oy | Oy deda -onicydice fomkoy dade ay_| ey dads |- oak dade | end sgdede mt -fGN nH EQUILIBRIUM OF TRANSLATION: = Ta: ods gh = (3) 499 TBE Go) toy cont /* exon) oo EM) ody ey SE ey oneal (2s an 7 enn of 0 cen (easy ey) on VRUAE OF SHR SES Gite — Ja Cd. dads nd. oy cds Gd. Tay Cy # ws eal La cas apacum Sank ordi + O51. Tay dag 8 00104, Gin Yay P< MH egnk ae ood, STR: oF whens anh oys Tay sind.tosh.& LR. ceo sindconl + Tyco + om, tad. Gnd = Tay FEL, OF Oe toh soy sinh May newt OF me BES ay. t faders ( Oy O4) + Try otesvid) T= smd © dunLeond, cS asta we * “TRANSFORMATION By RenFTBK) ask Leoorth , 4 Acton EH eng sinh 9 oe oy SOE 0g SE ty St Sina + Sm eye oa (oy eee eet ee og LECTURE NELO 160. 308 wee x ie OS WY] a “y oe ar ak sania 2H tthe ee sin 70 a9) 20 8 Cereaunt sarens > 6 cams ® vor 3 zg * ” SNee SCE ET eT CRE DeTRENWED! > We su6t NAVE RELDGANLE “TWA WW TUE TREKS SaIve i Sore © Mas - 2a)? Gq ‘woe stavcrune: : Y Murtala BL Ve. 2b agit 2 o29p.050) . gh Lg sof 2 QLD \ Ye [in a Aap? = 36 agft 4 a.vad a t9fh 3 Hay * Haat \ 8 AN: Vata -ap-2qh-ap «0 wen itt : Ye Hn-gl~ Iau gh =D. Mgt ayo (a= aap | a (M0 wea yak NK VER oe TL Bs wk 3 th Bay “hs ay WE thon AL te een UD web She aa oer BTN y mR Negt wees Ho A hs Vent," verate ‘oar hs ap Meo Meo fon Dovearsa HOMEWOR, LECTURE N#I2 ‘2dock. 2019 Seamed foam wm Seas as WEA (vor 06 [ME SAME Line) “SUA TERRA SERRE My of, “SK COMEANANEN TREES Sou OAL RIE u vee volte feu: BFW ap ano EEE wf SD Vet KL HELD ~ FEL + Bee AMAL 0 Has Shap WF Whe Fe we s g ns ¢ 6% we een mF 148 we Ve MORE ® SEOMON OF THe SRUETURE ACR Ue Fmd reRn VALUES § MANES OF OG an MrCION Sees ITH ALLOW WRK seonoy AN No tony Peay fie a iM) atts 3 NEL Ne wy ee we We Wmte 3 equitesiow aUATONS”puaLT THE ‘savctuees Wy 8) My mo Ne wr ao S -geecane set teo Wye EF worn, gy Fr MUD Lop. 8 Ne Bere oe " ; SD Eas nae +0 No= pe QE me F Be lve fe x eae a PERT ‘HoMeiwone: Swe scm CENTROID EXERCISE: het ao Gow beim 2 he oan we OY) Site, de S$ dys hE IND A CEATRDIDAL SYSTEM, OF fare -DA ew WG Wo FAD ME WaTON FUG. SHERAN TS GHD We MN mo WRG MOMENT TE ERO, saotin (2:8) we ante eS cage tammenst of wera 7 EME R peeRe Wie seamen EH DINE Ts SECTION DEECREAST RRR AND Fwd TK We: yer © ye EER MES NOS) ton sevens “2” iB (Sa yi te bye aie + {alirge a a tlhea, Upc d yes B2) fe 402 = woman oF (een satan toemue Tet [y'de 1 Spe WE Ome HED FAD AW AME FO THE RINE oF ON fra RES.SHETENM WW ACRE A PRNCIRE SHB Panam ARES oF sNeKnA tovtue Stuer aL SIRENS owen oo WORK FRODULED BY DISELACE NENTS a hve tren Sees VRE WH epee DiSeLace Nuc veces 220k. 2017 VIRTUAL WORK EQUATION one h SmAR NRE) Weet-rscnl (Suu 2) nee Boho GERD. co (ons) > t WORF We CONSIDER THE DISRUENAENE DUE #4 TERNAL FORCES 686 Resoupae oF WTAE Gn We DRAKE OE Ende MES SPECIE Sc orcas WreeSadeyaa de 95 BFE) we neratni Sy: 8 Syd mene WO eenate Meroe 8 > ME b Se “ ayes 5] ae my es E (Oe enue a, Oa-B Braces GRD ee png t Wome FE CASIOER HE DERRORENT DETT x An Goats pensar By Ws eyes. By + 5 Oye Buy: 10> 0 Rese, ve foot, tae pa - siete fakes Wee {aersy * Atay DeyAV 1m sete (emuenes) Ws Sane eatisREAs (WUE) cou - Gren ast FES CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS. WFREREA EEMIOUR OF TUE Kates SEEL, COMET tate eanoocey cane Tomer: “wus tex (UHL)? f Ar We HEGMAING Ut MAE A UX eearante, re = ELASTIC RESPONSE - WEIMER WE ARE LORDING THE hate, as ‘SEMEN OC LAREEOANE FETE GUDKE REMAN « a att “ae Ge ST Gsm ur 9 HCE ese iP i aa HAN | ceidydla Nnean coarse 7 “Me Geane En. yr Met MRREAEE THC SOREE > ease Wome F ME CINE THE DIGRCE- Lye EeLs © Li (MoE) af ats ‘igs “Syeda _| ook oT we tary ene TBF Pay SR ao Sere Gx: WHO oggerie tappal ane forts veaseego | ars es Emp ance taths a a aa ae +[f tg talons en s——H mM ener [—__, | (Rapala won ome © Eng, Fama" 2066% zest “OED ne vorvecna WOR ME CASO THE PSRROAUENT BE sm decline) Gace asd (Awe aus v1 peecron) —— ss CEE Bay tO (sicre sce) Syed ed (+) cee oo eR RCE " e ESE +5 m 2 Try diay Sry dy « joa Smaiseceonas — ExysQite Thy dada: ng dys 4 CO on tA aya Cy. Dry [ae | vane ot phe Seeas a tea, co se Gu SAE. Ua ey) Way Peele Z| ommre Ee emis fot eon ousne BY 2D, wt Det Yin Ince SRESHE WE DaRcten,CEED OF WeRNAL STRAINS (Geta ogi +2%y-tng) Av EV ARETE Mareeint. RRORRRTIES. TWO CA YE DERIVED. OMY THROUGH Pracrica, Tests tenses 16 wesny Wed eX cavressan SE Ws A ARTA Mc. We CARH una eRNRS EE” cowesin er Be G sececcans, CUA Ae Wek“ CENRBETE \ Sterne wenn ccrues foamue stent, mes comune “Eauauassne [Eg] -eserern cove (owcrene quay ve beeen ey Zhe Se Cue Boxe? tw LecTuRE NEIA doves 20% zyme = CQucHy THEOREM 7 {E8Tla “Sve ae Oe oe te Son 15, : 7 ke el a : ae 7 2 45 GOR EO 38 anabe apa + 4 fone’ Bs OR 9S cade 14.88" 7 te 0 pas = Yoo 28 Remo game ass oF Mun Sat Geisoee yp: apne gare Ge Sheer aes yn ue Pl Twe mw Sire oeeoenes 1 teesomD "he rors Ace as caer 6° sn Vk> wate 918+ 0,996 Beast EASISSNO PR e seein eee, ET ee gmat Sa Po Bete pom BS ao Ae ycit-s WA 4 LECTURE W215 F Sener ee 4 SyordDi9 if L Oren 2 + CONSTITUTE EQUATIONS iF / ELASTIC. RANGE OF MATERIALS, NENA, FARANRETERS S y= SS woetane stn ~S at Sore = 50 COOP > eee (r Neets 28 dees wo ee (REMY OMY AS: ih Moe 2 tess OS PARKERS) wore was ow sto ie a cone an Sans BEE) Srgeme feTR We FehOUE EME LURE, OLY Gd Ben “He CoweRee RETRINS DEFTAMAETONS 3 Ly NEEKON a “tewaw TTS US A PERMANENT STRAIN TAS emapeteear eta ia We COeEESRONDENCE BAI THE ARIAL SYRAIND roTaLs! Wats Use SoFERINARSE. HHS Sun hee oe mews Bae ee ete = SIRES -STEAN CQUSTUTIUE EOOS: sre sues we we tases, GED a TRANSUERSELY &e 2 (ose) ue YouNg’s Momus & ier ASOTROP HC. KEE We = v a - J Giga Ler eeu tale es) 1 oe awe Drecextow By Bog (es) el wee OF THE FIBRES IS. iu. > twarenme pocrusry ~ wes we feack — | ‘uspoasair 70 a. HE eta FOUR. AEN A Sern fa: Bz (arg) ame worwemis § 84°55 Qe stig nexus oir Buy 40 Ey Go tate gato Oa GE TytO> Bptd y= SE wes gree: 200000 What V50S AE WE KNOW NORMAL STRAINS Aout: £5 30 000 MPa AND SHEAR STRAIN ROW TO FWD NORMAL S@ESTES AWD SHEAR. ‘Seeesses ? REINFORCED CONCRETE Try! LG Eng — Tre 8G Ex Ty: IGE “ Fe TEST GOR CONCRENE ~ COMeRESSINN TERT v AG Gt d q-s aa THE PREV. RAGE, gS 2 yrs) 2 Gd x Ge a Magia) WE gy Beles) UeRD er. &-2 (a +g) = ay Boy ag me ba 3 fee Te Crabs +Bae Tay LG, Ey ae Tras AGERe - Blega-sleqs): | Tr 3660 ‘f Pa 6) tote ge, 2a) ( 2x*Bys22) GGG WsPRSARHME Te OC VERB Ky eta Ge CL ERG iain. - EXAM Egy lee em Bwov HS Ee FE Cnty) Doe 2 & eg 2B [eceys > Se ay pp (rey 8x) z 5 bys ay a boty st) A = Sty pale) LECTURE NTLG AZ hey LORS SOLING STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS We ANE THe EQUATIONS TO SLE TE smoCwRN Fe02C4 Low emp -we visraccment NETOR (8 SOAR COMPONENTS) B comeonents, GOMPOWATS STAM MATE Cnty) Nomar Se 15 unenowwe, DeQWUBAUN CAUETO’S Gress gh we ver rwnENt VemR fs sraese Senne x se. Fo ayes [ Geowennenve 8-5. Exe AS tQuanons, stom staan Ey cg WUrOSSIELE TD SOLE FROM A WTRNAA TRCAL PROT og URW aes , \ dh wes be EEGs) tn ci SLENDER BEAMS, pen: 29 torr aur toe Deensow © SANE CAT Gr tanec as a eee oes BS », See a sesovenes wren. Cents SHEN Kars G Puro TAL CoG, YaLOO = eSURL BFR en cane ety Y ve caces secnon 1S Sem ne sto KINEMATICS. OF CROSS. SECTION OF A SLENDER BEAN A) WE Mave ar Fesr wie A Rl asta —Wi* Twn PaBaEL any Ge) 2) We MOVE Wim RIGID ommaN 6 Js “ Joven )av Sveum, Ge 2 B% (er ve A eoNCTON te Ly by LAG OY) 9 Lys du dio. es Se et couse we art 2A (de), Soy += ‘5¢) ) roy rn “EDR A REDUNDANT BEAM [loiter acayenye. at Sy) WH Ig THE MEST CONVENLERST Yon USE TAS EQUATION? Wwe Have Wi, Wwe RAVE HY ROD KIRUAL EBUATION, PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION KiweMATICS OF A SLENDER BEAM AWE EFEX OF we FeRICATION 6K FORCE “A BEAM 8 WibRreNDeN Be THE ERSTENGE Uh UE OE GGL CORES APELED 7 he be RIRCHHOFF THEOREM (\es9) AWE souTON te we SMUCDRAL feoeiea iS UNaue he UUTON LE, ws row 5 “We tes00T oe ue Sorersureesnon we cue aqumons ve © a0 © werne Saumow 2 oO: “THe FRUAL RPSITON |S. SURERIDELTEN) BF A OID “TWansLiToULT Tee EUBOE) FAD ARED soITEN CANTILEUER “DERMAL LORD, J 6p easier TS . “We ROTM WL KE DPD By THe rota BF BNE Nh THe be AS) Fottrots Be wa GER RIBNE "te wena RS Np DISPLACEMENT BLOWS K exts ro viv) \ wr) RLGID aeeanon) “hie STIL bot Lay 4 “we Anois LIS Mtey SMALL Ag & {os arms) ASELACEMMEAT DEEWED by = aK TRE ROTATION oh A FUNEHON OF THE Rosen Bong ore f We wow WE WANENENES We Can FIND cronils sal) Reon Sx Forno ora Me EknMarLE FOR A RepUNGRT Gch cunen on. (360-8) ir DB Web -Fon 20 - Hat Fon 7 YW SETS gy mavatstten 0 Ww Svmuguns we Weep Ampemenat TERURTION FROM elk Sh fxagy-fi Jae gh hae aun | Nea Toe We NOK STRESS GH dK You Ger FAA wt S00 Weve AOD ML “Heke ORMACONAL FREES fm ace “TT OTHER ExANekes | 4 oe ae (a 4 tT idk panne ~ : aay pay eet x sunt *~__| fuer hax + vie ‘CORVATURE + RAUL. STRAIN id Nyse V pistuxcencar Forma See JU span lan we neous ws ivchames. He 1 saneey CoMPmBILNY EQUATIONS = Siwmes AND NERAMES SHOUD CE WIDE Feuer Y Fe sueinee tee w M0 9 Wh? j, Md (svere ts recuse) faa swusces Wis JNEde SOLUTION DF A STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURE © tm aye Fe a te Re Se Sta So Painanny Stuy, SMTA DeTER iveD, WITT “THe BEDONDANT Su -we put Muuneuier Y fore S++ XS D.twe nec w fin X > ve weed Aa SURTON | We Wy : ier Ua {goes ME da We ‘panacenent anette mes a ake NE. ia wo: “ee Lecture NER smeucruee 2® Buv.200 He 6 EXERCISE: L 4 MiF AL ev $22 wy sp Tit Veo HOW TH WANE ws, — 7 equation Wet > —+— Nid 4 ty oye £ -— b——+ ANY DISPLACE MELT Fron THe Seoau8 Seu vt £ TURE WE WURICE Oise = = Og —_1" Garou oo-ce ower, M7 Mi) AL be 0 WAY AROUND MME (ee Ae AL = eb WE WRITE We Wi LSIWG DisPLAcchents 2 De- FORMATIONS FROM THE FIRST STRUCTURE AND FO2- (4) CAS (Wrenn [exteenal) FRA THe SECOLD OWE wr? WE HAVE To SOLVE TWO STATICALLY DETERMINED — DISPLACEMENTS IN A STATICALLY DUOERMINED: TRUE RES. STRUCTURE Le use auxiuary® srmouRe wet ULTRR, ‘Sraveture A: FORCE th Me SAME DIRECTION OF GLOBAL EQUILIGRWI Ea-S L. SOLWWE BOTA STRUCTURS eLoT MN IN ota Mae e diaceans Fo MOY, VS Ned whined . SwpeTe We Wi, DISPLACEMENT Oty DEF. oma: % FRO © AND PORES (ex CcRIIRt | KrepNAL) From © APTER G.E.EQ-S, WE WAITE THE EQUATIONS FOR Ar tas POUT THERE'S “WE IWTEANAL FORRES. Weis <— NO DSPLACEMENT Mis is THE DISPLACEMENT. N® =¢ et a baepoeMaTION; “We SMEAR DEFORMATION IS NEGLECTED le TH VO) = 9 = io Ue IW RECOUNT ONLY FLEKIAL DEFORMETON Cums MQ) + 2 gt eo 2S Uwe Coousdoy +04) Lot “true TD ACCRUNT WN Tue SONKNG MokoNT se (yma WWE LOOK Ae THE AKLAL DerORraastons (OR FORCES?) r IN A TRYSS BR WN A STROGHEE Wore OLY 2 MQ): - UY -%% tq le AGAL BOTCON 4 t SHEAR 1S (MEORIANT Uy SHOR SVE E TE LENGTH AND TRCKNESS ARE UNH TD TE Banc SMCKSION MK Cebstanst ? XM ETO MnMeNT OF (W...- G wopows of easter er Tiqee e cs Hi se Banks oe HE Ge .AANTERIAL) ° “fe -% Sobel oe “el aie 3 eT e Zz ZS, et = fakt att ast tage ene] 308 2 “2 € ea) & E2Got of! a gt aglt me 8 Mer Rr wie eet CCL Lecture NER peg) Baw. 200 7 ef sar renin gtenrcentoTs As OE (Wee Ver TT — = $ ner fas a pote value A REDUNDANT STRDCTURE? ——— + te 1 eo Jole BL h e NOP 2 eQUUBEIOm 4 uenowls, SEQLATONS Rane CaMETONS, MUk)= FL: Fx ore > Heep T Narabaves 6 7 Vert C i Syme) MO-FLExed WS toa Eve = + Mh SY é — o Toe a sis 5 pat on Oe eu Giobe ga singlar quien @ L Cahiers ue Nw: gp oo. ony a MBL ¢ SS eu grea NY ee Shoe ee “co @ a e Cr Sa chars « fe “entieay MQ) abet = ’ age | 68-8 | ads | we] oe “erat aioe | ee PEE eas well 2: gy | German we Bve dame for alt Hu %L 0 volar Hare! Laas eompring tae Brochene Wee Wi Lin Ms empeodion Ha oy ta 1 Sun) Bae wat whe > Qe Es Lae F §[EOe me md te . Den subsbhae fn Se aq ubbritan eaten aed seh Va LECTURE NEB (Bnav. 2019 LECTURE NEG 20m 2018 EXERUISE A: eof . A. SWAPLIFY THE STRUCTURE MAWING It STRUCTURALLY DETERMINED ZL. FIND AND SOLVE PRIMARY AND VIRTUAL (LIuT RE- DUNDAYT) STRLCTURES, Fo MG), (Ved, Noo) B.WRME AND SOLE PRIVEE VIRIAL WORK EQUATION (8) - FIND UNKNOWN REACKONS 4, SOLVE ORIGINAL STRUCTURE. < goa +—. + xX th (98 R) 2. sraverves ath wh (oem SI Tee * rs 4 ee ghx HOE sreveruee 4 u me wee tag) le -—t— wienouns We- W: ns Le xe / Lx - Vy - 4%; - Loe, (ex) Eee) Bay 7 hu) cone | Mk) DISPLACEMENT DERINED Ly THE At 2 Mot aoinne sreuercee X= M" 2 Met. Me 3 & Faq LECTURE NE 20 26 tov. 2019 LECTURE NE2I 22 NOW. 2018 = + DOWNGRADE ERO STUCKURE 4) Feud DOE, BOF a 2) Faye Tee TKIRA REACTION a T 2eenws %3 *G we Two ROLES + 2AZAZ= DOC do F . te (ncorgect: Rees : t 4 vt Lah im te by AA Beans x3 + SDOF 2agens esd = WW poe. RIERATE FONT BE UIE ae wT A lavetnentc Pot OF WtEW: Ge = = bs Asoc s 8 c, 3008 * a |_* 4 poe. — t | L —$$—_ 4 1 L eIC 95 » D & = yp —» > a 4 faa eorex: 4th C Tw % = Te Lov 1—_£ l= {___it L ® r c ge 8 Me Adve. te iv qn LL ae L ) om) Th graversae tin A & ¢ I ae atta sgh Mh ow & swsa be te og Wer abe Vaz Ug ee DB FINAL FREE Bony DIAGRAD e+... | y 4 Zz i BL — = MP )ed- bx 20 MiG) Beam we | owe ABS mag ae Bee é 7 ws % y Wee boi ‘ Lie Pe o J (gy. PREY . i e FIN A > HOMEWORK, v 5 wm % FWD THE VALUES DF THE ‘STRESS 2:80 mm b= Wom = im We Gow ee? Ts. 2? LECTURE N?22 Sore 2018 t { Rebar FB -erowaar. oF BOTTOM HERE + BENDING y SHORTENING, OF "UF FIBRE 7 se Stace Yu) =a “BONGaTION of BOTTDM E « Eb.de ue a OAs She GE - Me de EES yous, MOMENT OF peniee Sih « oo eu: Mi ge NEUTRAL = me al “SRBETANING OF “REF edo Edy - be 4 Be da+ Gedo + He da wow WE COMBINE “TW me ME AR MK de Sends dye ta ; de eM i, oe We See (team Kg Se CuRMATERE | MR Tow 7 piere eam €a-t ue ae OF DEELECKON CORUE dat BOUNDARY CONDITIONS DW we © DeruemON QDeNe UF =TWE DISPLACEMENT ALONG YAKS, du ig We goratay Vj Arde 2 GE “NCEA C Ju | . D A i RRO tee mae SSrecwe AGENT 2 AF You RAVE A Fin HE DRL ts OU (o}+0 a a) = V(\ #0 32 |2.0 IW A PIN THe MOMOT HAS TO TER, WOT THE SRERR IS FD sucea t-— >? oe 2 Fat yy we weeeare: vise. 0 (0) 1 WS 1S Lawar we AE etx 2 . “we varTON “WT Muse Be Beto UE <0 = 90) =D eamamon | SS wars to we memuicney — (/8E)o fee )se EL Tow sea eRe =D, VED | cand\non wwowent +0 DEFLECTION QURNE, vi) «= ase o Fed asd 4— = piseL. ROTATION = O oars vee steag #0 Med Moment #0 erssrieuee_ — (yy FD vise, +0 vito Ro. #0 M20 upwent =D FORCE, NED wk HAVE WO EXTERNAL ARELIED~ APPLICATION OF BOLWPARY CONDITION EQ-S = WE CAN WIE "UMN KUAWATE “We DEFLECKON URE AL A CRN RILENER \ sp SBME vert EL psec acewenrt aw ome | seme YOARTS —_ HAMENT OF WERT MoDeLys “Raabe NEUTRAL ANS — PVG TWeace We GAONERRY ONDINE COS WE a Then RSSENTIALLY SPEQKEY THAT THIS IS A CANTILEVER lt as (oe woenreUR IF IS WY THT SREREIE CASE) ee qt <—* srrering FeO TE BHO: gat tf ren a Rok, we ewveren (Fete ie auner) " fe Mays WE a BY om iu ae Maan =e wpe Eb US Aye SCE, i o-szthk lee (# Me) ©-F2 ) wce cas wen \da vr o FED Tes BOUNDARY (20 COMMIS BOS AWE Sussteure. aw 1 (dae: a ( Fede * We Wweeeare, ok Eke UUTSIOE “WE (TGPAL BECAUSE HIS & Const WE CHOOSE WHERE TO STRET Fook. AYO UE SuetTUTE MA Woe te CRSEEONUE. Man MENT ele Onsen eon He WE DIFFECENTIAL EQ-S WF DELECTION CHE swe Awkorate Ut Rater! RU TTT THERMAL “LOADING” kh OtiNCE aT ON TEMe > OMNIGE WN \QLUIME, aT 20 = exeansion VT AT<0 > cowrencxon NY wemReRTIONIEL TO AT & Sosa te au Bee Kat eee 7 Loc STRAW IS DIMENSIONLESS Neen THERMAL STRAW DIGPERENT “WEOMAL STRAIN OY TOR ANID. Borat CHER, WE ASSUME LWERR VARLOTON at | AT ate SUPERIMPOSITION iAts ~= 7 ate rad userg consent AR Wo TERRE connor wutee, D> aT + ae +4T b ates ATs - AT oe MEAN TUE UNWEDady Be omnice ANGE pucee BRAT THE AT ABs 20T -aT 5 io bat A BEAN UNDER A OAERAM UN “tele. ATe =>. aust A UHANGe WW Yow Le Lat eee (EAL -deroemacion 1 Lever 12.10% * T ATR 40°C ERs Lew t Liv, £ Exbiy \ 7 bes 500 (4+ 42.10°%. 40) = = DW, 24m THE BUILDING WILL BE LENGTHENED 24cm DUE TO WEAR STAN FOR RLLDINGS LONGER THAN 5D, We Must ADD AWERMAL SDINTS eT s0 > st -8t € ot kee A stds 2kaT sv da > ee LECTURE NE 23 4 dec 2018 — Me -2* $050 Mec © FUNCTIONS DESCRIBING THE BENDING MOMENTS: Bena 4h: ; . Mile) -glt gene d © SOLVING The STROCURES | PRIMARY & VIRTUAL at aed Md Ga) = gf? -ghes 4 YM heat w z eft : okt) Ute) sain args x qe BAO eb) s TOS or Vo Heel ee al ME (a) € Qh ee, ia = : te a Neb eu Tt Ne agh 7 ‘ oe , Baw 2: 8) Neigh" dgy- ¥ 0 > Mor “Sah * 4a) - ol 2 A Sgt Males) 3qe #%bMe- Ge zHd wie 8 at 4y\: Sout qk Ng Bg 9 \ie-g 4 4 me MS lua)? 7A Mats F We t-glh < Np+ 2QL1 Var a om Mal . Mpsp te od eh 4 ] 7 BP ugene ne —— a MME bua) + EM we (jets F 4 . \s 2-0: Mele) = % wea) > Bb & Vert wenu 3:7 wie Ne -Miles) -2+base 8 ce Mee © TRE WHAT IS as B ut w ae) ahi-gle @ ey -alee Her S244 |e rata BH Egtt oat -2482 | engin ait - Fa sg

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy