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Physics (5054) - Formula Sheet

This document provides an overview of key physics concepts and formulas for grade 9 including scalar and vector quantities, SI units, motion, forces, energy, and pressure. Definitions, equations, and units are given for topics such as speed, velocity, acceleration, mass, density, work, power, momentum, and temperature.

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Sabika Rizvi
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88 views4 pages

Physics (5054) - Formula Sheet

This document provides an overview of key physics concepts and formulas for grade 9 including scalar and vector quantities, SI units, motion, forces, energy, and pressure. Definitions, equations, and units are given for topics such as speed, velocity, acceleration, mass, density, work, power, momentum, and temperature.

Uploaded by

Sabika Rizvi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics (5054)

Formulae, SI units and Conversions – Grade 9

Examples of Scalar quantities (quantities that have magnitude only): distance, speed, time, mass,
energy and temperature

Examples of Vector quantities (quantities that have magnitude and direction): displacement, force,
weight, velocity, acceleration, momentum, electric field strength and gravitational field strength.

Physical Quantities and Measurement Techniques

Base quantities:-

Common conversions: -

Prefixes with their powers of 10: -

1
Motion

 Speed = Distance / time


 Velocity = Displacement / time
 Average speed = Total distance travelled / total time taken
 Acceleration = change in velocity / time taken
 Acceleration = (v – u) / t where v = final velocity, u = initial velocity and t = time taken
 Gradient = change in y / change in x OR (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1) OR rise / run

Motion – SI units

 Distance = metre (m)


 Displacement = metre (m)
 Speed = m/s
 Velocity = m/s
 Acceleration = m/s2

Mass, Weight and Density

 Weight = mass x gravitational field strength OR [w = mg]


 Density = mass / volume OR ρ = m / V
 Volume – formulas of common 3D shapes must be revised.
 Volume of a cuboid = l x b x h
 Volume of a cube = l3
 Volume of a sphere = 4πr3/3

Mass, Weight and Density - SI units

 Mass = kilogram (kg)


 Weight = Newton (N)
 Gravitational field strength = Newton per kg (N/kg)
 Density = kg/m3
 Volume = m3

Forces

Newton’s 2nd law  F = ma where F = force, m = mass, a = acceleration

F – f = ma where F = forward force, f = backward force, m = mass, a = acceleration

Hooke’s law  F = kx where F = force/load applied, k = spring constant, x = extension

To find extension  x = extended length of spring – original length of the spring

Moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot [Moment = Fxd]

Forces – SI units

 Force = Newton (N)


 Acceleration = m/s2

2
 Mass = kilogram (kg)
 Moment = Newton metre (Nm)
 Distance = metre (m)

Momentum

 Momentum = mass × velocity [p = mv]


 Note: Δ (delta) represents change in a value
 Change in momentum = final momentum – initial momentum
 Δp = mv – mu, where m = mass of object, v = final velocity and u = initial velocity
 Δp = mv – mu
 Newton’s 2nd law  F = ma where F = force, m = mass, a = acceleration
 Formula for acceleration  a = (v-u) / t [combining Newton’s second law with the formula for
acceleration gives us: -
 F = [m (v – u)]/t]
 F x t = m (v – u)
 Impulse = Force x time [F x t] or Impulse = Change in momentum [mv – mu]
 Resultant force = Change in momentum/Time taken [F = (mv – mu) / t]

Momentum – SI units

 Momentum = kgm/s
 Mass = kilogram (kg)
 Velocity = m/s
 Force = Newton (N)
 Acceleration = m/s2
 Impulse = Newton seconds (Ns) or kgm/s

Energy, work and power

 Kinetic energy = 1/2mv2 [where m = mass, v = velocity]


 Gravitational potential energy = mgh [where m = mass, gravitational field strength = N/kg, h =
distance away from the ground]
 Work done = force × distance moved in the direction of the force [W = F x d]
 Efficiency (%) = {(useful energy output) /(total energy input)} ( ×100%)
 Efficiency (%) = {(useful power output)/ (total power input)} (× 100%)
 Power = work done / time OR energy transferred / time [P = E/t or P = W/t]

Energy, work and power – SI units

 Energy = Joule (J)


 Work done = Joule (J)
 Force = Newton (N)
 Distance = metre (m)
 Power = Watt (W)

3
**Note: efficiency has no unit. It is expressed as a percentage.

Pressure

 Pressure = Force / Area [P = F/A]


 Pressure due to a liquid column = density × gravitational field strength × change in height [P = ρgh]
 Pressure due to atmosphere = 1.01 x 105 Pa

Pressure – SI units

 Pressure = Pascals (Pa, N/m2)


 Area = m2
 Density = kg/m3
 Gravitational field strength = N/kg
 h = metre (m)

Kinetic particle model of matter

 K = Co + 273 [converting Kelvin to Celsius or vice versa]


 Boyle’s Law  p1 x v1 = p2 x v2 [where p1 = initial pressure, v1 = initial volume, p2 = final pressure
and v2 = final volume

Kinetic particle model of matter – SI units

 Temperature = Kelvin (K)


 Volume = m3
 Pressure = Pa

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