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6103/03 Examiner’s use only

Edexcel GCE Team Leader’s use only

Biology
Biology (Human) Question Leave
Number Blank

Advanced Subsidiary 1

Unit 3 Paper 03 2
3
Monday 4 June 2007 – Morning
Time: 1 hour

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Ruler Nil

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature.
The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL THREE questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
The total mark for this question paper is 38.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total
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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1. (a) Tapeworms are heterotrophic organisms. The diagram below shows part of a
tapeworm that occurs in dogs.

State the mode of heterotrophic nutrition carried out by this animal.

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(1)

(b) On the diagram, label three features that are adaptations to this tapeworm’s mode of
nutrition. Under each of your labels, explain how the feature helps this tapeworm
carry out its mode of nutrition. All your answers must be written on the diagram
within the box.
(6)

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(c) Compare the mode of nutrition of Rhizopus with that of the tapeworm.

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(2) Q1

(Total 9 marks)

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2. The photograph below shows a herd of cattle on an area of dry grassland and scrub that is
undergoing desertification in central Australia.

Wayne Lawler / Ecoscene

(a) Suggest two possible causes of the desertification of dry grassland in central
Australia.

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2 .....................................................................................................................................

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(2)

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(b) Describe and explain the processes that lead to desertification of dry grassland.

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(4)

(c) Suggest two ways of preventing desertification in the driest parts of the world such as
Australia.

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(4) Q2

(Total 10 marks)

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3. Over the last 40 years, forests and lakes in Western Europe have shown signs of acid rain
damage (see Figure 1). Various treatments to reduce the damage caused by acid rain have
been tried. One treatment involves the spreading of powdered limestone over the soil and
on the surface of lakes.

Figure 1: Conifer trees in Germany damaged by acid rain

Erik Schaffer / Ecoscene

Loch Fleet, a lake in Scotland, has been damaged by acid rain. This lake is surrounded
by hills which are covered in coniferous forest. Between April and May 1986, more than
300 tonnes of powdered limestone were spread over the soil surrounding the lake. The
pH and aluminium ion concentration of the water in the lake were monitored before and
after adding the powdered limestone. The results are shown in Figures 2 and 3.

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Figure 2: The graph below shows the change in the pH of the water in
Loch Fleet in each month in 1986.

Powdered limestone spread over soil

8.0 ±

7.5 ±

7.0 ±

6.5 ±

6.0 ±
Hp

5.5 ±

5.0 ±

4.5 ±

4.0 ±

3.5 ±

3.0 ±
yraunaJ ±

yraurbeF ±

hcraM ±

lirpA ±

yaM ±

enuJ ±

yluJ ±

tsuguA ±

rebmetpeS ±

rebotcO ±

rebmevoN ±

rebmeceD ±

Months

Figure 3: The graph below shows the change in the aluminium ion concentration
of the water in Loch Fleet in each month in 1986.
Concentration of aluminium ions / mg dm–3

Powdered limestone spread over soil

0.30 –

0.25 –

0.20 –

0.15 –

0.10 –

0.05 –

0–
– January

– February

– March

– April

– May

– June

– July

– August

– September

– October

– November

– December

Months

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(a) Explain the term acid rain.

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(1)

(b) State two main sources of the pollutants that cause acid rain.

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(2)

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(c) The hills around Loch Fleet are covered in coniferous forest. Suggest three reasons
why these forests are more likely to be damaged by acid rain than the deciduous
forests found in less hilly areas of Scotland.

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(3)

(d) Some of the conifer trees in Figure 1 have been damaged by acid rain. Suggest the
symptoms of acid rain damage that might be seen on these conifer trees.

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(3)

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(e) Describe the changes in pH shown in Figure 2.

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(2)

(f) Describe and explain the change in the aluminium ion concentration in the water after
the spreading of the powdered limestone over the soil, as shown in Figure 3.

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(4)

QUESTION 3 CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE

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(g) Aluminium ions can be harmful to aquatic organisms. Describe the effect of
aluminium ions on the health of fish.

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(2)

(h) Describe the possible consequences of a decrease in the number of predatory fish on
the food chain of a lake.

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(2) Q3

(Total 19 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 38 MARKS

END

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