ORGANIC FARMING

For the fulfillment of the award of the certificate for

MASSIVE ONLINE OPEN COURSE (MOOC)

IN
ORGANIC FARMING

Submitted to

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

KOTTAYAM

Submitted By

ATHUL RAGHAV

Register Number : 210021026119

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry

Department of Chemistry
INDIRA GANDHI COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE
KOTHAMANGALAM - 686691
(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam)
March 2023

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 BONA-FIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify the project entitled Organic Farming submitted in

partial fulfilment of the requirement of the certificate of Massive Open
Online Course on Organic Farming is a report Bona-fide project work
done by ATHUL RAGHAV BSc Chemistry 2021-24.

(Supervising Guide) (Principal)

(Coordinator, MOOC) (Student)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SI no. Title Page no.

1. Abstract 4

2. Introduction 5

3. Types of Organic Farming 6

4. Uses of Organic Farming 7

5. Advantages and Disadvantages

of Organic Farming 9

6. Materials used and Methods 12

7. Observation and Tabulation 16

8. Growing Stages - Photos 19

9. Cost benefit analysis 23

10. Conclusion 24

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 ABSTRACT

Organic farming is a method of agriculture that favors natural processes and

forgoes synthetic chemicals. It is environmentally sustainable. It encourages the use
of organic materials to boost crop development as well as the health of the soil and
biodiversity. Organic farming prevents damage to ecosystems, protects water
quality, and yields healthier, pesticide-free food by forgoing industrial pesticides and
fertilizers. This method encourages agriculture and the environment to coexist
peacefully, making it a crucial component of sustainable food production in a
society that is growing more concerned with ecological balance and human health.
With an emphasis on sustainable practices that place an emphasis on
environmental stewardship and the creation of healthier, chemical-free food,
organic farming marks a fundamental paradigm change in agriculture. This
summary gives a general review of organic farming while analyzing its fundamental
tenets, environmental advantages, difficulties, and socioeconomic ramifications.
Mixing elements rich in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash results in organic
compost. The minor components are present in significant amounts, and the crucial
carbon-nitrogen ratio is neither overly high nor low. Ranchers are capable of making
this kind of arrangement. There is no requirement to replenish with some
nitrogenous manure. Compost, which is high in nitrogen, stirs up the soil's
supplement equalization. There is controversy among ranchers regarding
nitrogenous manure, which is seen as an energizer of development. In the modern
world, organic farming is seen as being considerably more cautious than
conventional farming and offers a number of advantages. When applied, this
technique can enhance both the health of the populace and the quality of the
farmland. the dependence.The reliance on these methods is beneficial as they
provide more nutritious crops and better nourishment.
Organic farming explores the variables affecting the spread and development of
organic farming globally. InOrganic farming is based on a number of fundamental
concepts, such as refraining from using artificial fertilizers and pesticides, relying
instead on natural processes, and fostering soil health through crop rotation and
composting. These guidelines are intended to mitigate environmental damage,
promote biodiversity, and lessen consumer exposure to potentially dangerous
chemicals.The environmental benefits of organic farming are among its main
advantages. Organic farms safeguard the quality of the land and water, lower
greenhouse gas emissions, and maintain biodiversity by avoiding genetically
modified organisms (GMOs). Additionally, organic farming promotes the growth of
robust ecosystems that can eventually adapt to changing environmental conditions.

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 INTRODUCTION

"Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of

soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes,
biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use
of inputs with adverse effects. Organic agriculture combines tradition,
innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote
fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved.."
To extend the importance of Organic Farming among all students of UG programme
in affiliated colleges the Academic Council of MG University decide to offer Massive
Open Online Courses (MOOC) in organic Farming. This is the first time in the history
of MG University that such a course has been started and on other hand the same is
a challenging one. The intention of this Course is to enable students to gain
practical skills in Organic Farming. This online course is to encourage the
youngsters to understand and conceive an organic way of life with a strong
message "Back to Nature". This will ensure to achieve a global perception of
sustainable agriculture and will be in consonance with the objectives of mstate
government's noble mission "Haritha Keralam"
The cultivation of plants and animals, the production of food, raw materials, natural
fibers, and the processing of unprocessed main goods are all included in organic
farming, which is a unique system of sustainable management in agriculture and
forestry. The best use of soil fertility and water availability, the natural
characteristics of plants, animals, and landscapes, increasing the yield and
resistance of plants by using natural forces and laws, and prescribing the use of
fertilizers, plant protection products, and animals are all included in this
concept.Sustainable development is compatible with organic farming since it calls
for a comprehensive set of policies and practices that aim to produce
environmentally benign, commercially successful, morally upstanding, and socially
just agricultural practices.
Organic farming fits in with the concept of sustainable development, as a whole
series of measures covering total management aims at environmentally friendly,
economically viable, ethically acceptable and
socially fair agricultural production, and enables the formation of a significant new
area in the agricultural economy with the prospect of reorientation of existing
economies in ecological and profitable terms, especially suitable for specialized
family farms, opening a special market for environmentally produced products of
special quality and supplying the domestic market with those products. It also
creates opportunities for foreign sales through tourism and exports, increased
employment in agriculture, processing and sales and better utilization of agricultural
land.Organic products are made from natural raw materials without artificial foreign
matter. Demand for eco-friendly products is far greater than supply because quality

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and taste are far beyond the offered industrial products, and the end consumer is
willing to pay a significantly higher price.An actual organic product is labeled as an
“organic”, which is a unique prescribed designation of products that have been
produced in accordance with the Act and the regulations made thereunder. The
main purpose of organic production is to protect the health and life of humans, to
protect nature and the environment, and to protect consumers. The constant
understanding of natural processes seeks to preserve nature, especially from
chemical preparations, heavy metals, and genetically modified organisms and
according to other principles described in laws and regulations, all for the sake of
preserving natural resources and balance.

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 TYPES OF ORGANIC FARMING

Typically, only organic components are used in processed organic foods. Where non
-organic ingredients are used, at least a predetermined percentage of the total plant
or animal ingredients (such as 95% in the US, Canada, and Australia) must be
organic. Ingredients that are not organic must adhere to all applicable regulations.
Organic foods must not contain artificial nutritional additions and are frequently
produced using the fewest artificial practices and environmental factors (such as
radiation, genetic alteration) as feasible. Pesticides are permitted unless they are
synthetic.The initial customers who were interested in organic food sought for fresh,
minimally processed foods that were not treated with pesticides. Large organic food
deliveries replaced direct purchases from farms as demand for organic food
expanded. The size of a farm that can grow organic food today is unlimited, hence
many large farms include divisions where organic food is farmed. Due to the
difficulty in identifying such items on the market, product labeling like "certified
organic" has been established.
we can divide types of organic farming into:

 Pure Organic Farming – only using organic means, like biopesticides and
organic manures. It completely avoids using any chemicals or inorganic
pesticides. It is definitely much harder because of those things, but it is pure,
and if you are selling it, food is much more expensive.

 Integrated Organic Farming Systems – pure organic farmers don’t want to

use much or any technology in their work. This is different from integrated
organic farming systems, which use all technology they can get to make their
life easier and to make more food. But, they still don’t include some big
amounts of chemicals or pesticides or something like that. Still inside organic
rules.

 Integrated Organic Farming – it uses integrated pest and nutrients

management, but you still grow your crops from natural resources. That way
you can get more crops and have a much easier job, and still eat or sell real,
organic food.

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 USES OF ORGANIC FARMING

For centuries, farmers have used animal waste as a crop fertilizer, such as cow
dung and chicken manure. By increasing soil aggregation, this can help the soil
store more water and nutrients, making the soil more fruitful. Additionally, animal
dung encourages the life activity of soil bacteria, which helps to boost plant nutrition
by supplying the soil with trace components. It also contains nitrogen and other
nutrients that promote plant growth. Odor is an obvious and serious problem with
manure. The components of pig manure are low molecular weight carboxylic acids,
acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids. Other components include skatole and
trimethylamine. Fertilizer with a particularly unpleasant smell (for example, sludge
from intensive pig farming) is usually spread with a knife (sprayed) directly into the
soil to reduce the emission of the smell. Pig and cow manure is usually spread on
fields with a manure spreader. run over by herbivores, the sludge can cause more
unpleasant odors, which can be a problem in some agricultural areas. Poultry
droppings are harmful to plants when fresh, but valuable fertilizers after composting.
The manure is composted and bagged and sold as a ground cover. In 2018,
Austrian researchers proposed a method to produce paper from elephant and cow
dung. Dry animal manure is used as fuel in many countries of the world. Any
amount of manure can be a source of pathogens or food spoilage organisms that
can be carried by flies, rodents or many other vector organisms that can cause
disease or threaten food safety. In intensive agricultural land use, animal manure is
often not used as purposefully as mineral fertilizers, so nitrogen efficiency is poor.
Livestock manure can become a problem due to overuse in areas of intensive
agriculture where there are many livestock and too little available farmland.
According to certain research, antibiotics contained in animal manure-spread soils
have been found to accumulate in foods like corn, lettuce, and potatoes. Depending
on their sources and how manure has been handled, organic foods may contain
antibiotics much more or much less frequently. Organic food can be much more or
less likely to contain antibiotics, depending on their sources and the way the manure
is handled.
Organic farming has many benefits, like bringing such vital benefits as preserving
the organic composition of the soil. In addition, there is the constant destruction of
Ozone by pesticides, leakage emissions from various tractors, industry and more,
which organic farming mostly avoids.They maintain and improve soil fertility and
structure, as well as biodiversity and erosion reduction. They do this by making their
own, organic fertilizer, through dead plants and other organic waste.They reduce the
risk of human, animal and ecological exposure to toxic effects through pesticides,
fertilizers and other chemicals.They tailor their farming ways to meet local
conditions and market demands
Th biggest advantages of organic farming are mentioned below :

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 Organic products promote soil health – As opposed to conventional products,
organic agriculture prioritizes soil quality because only healthy soil can yield
extremely nutrient-dense fruits and vegetables for human consumption.
Utilizing natural or as natural-sounding substances is one method farmers
can preserve healthy soil. For instance, in the past, farmers would plant
seeds with little fish buried in the soil to offer fertilizer.Our forefathers'
intriguing method of growing corn and cereals is not particularly useful for
modern agricultural operations.
 Useful, accessible and easy to use – Today’s agricultural soils are saturated
with constant soil and the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. The
amount of organic matter in the soil was disturbed, the natural populations of
the micro-organisms were damaged, all of which resulted in a decrease in the
content of humic substances in the soil. Humic and fulvic acids can be safely
extracted from sub-bituminous coal and applied to the soil or foliar to replace
the amount of humic substance in the soil. These products are useful,
affordable and easy to use.
 Known but sophisticated methods – Farmers have been using seaweed for
centuries to supply their crops with 60 nutrients, natural growth hormones
and increase resistance to stress changes in the plant. Farmers had to
remove the seaweed from the ocean, compost it and put it in the ground,
which is a very complicated process.
 Great for conventional production as well – Conventional growers are often
pleasantly surprised when they start applying hydrolyzed fish fertilizer, humic
and fulvic acids, seaweed and other organic products and realize that their
plants are healthier, with higher yields than usual.Regardless of whether it is
strictly organic or conventional production, there are significant shifts in the
production of healthy crops and soil health when organic products are
involved in fruit and vegetable production.

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FARMING

ADVANTAGES :

 Preserves the environment - Organic production should contribute to

maintaining and increasing fertility, stability, and biodiversity of the soil, but
also to preventing soil compaction and erosion, as well as better recycling of
ecological materials and the use of renewable energy sources.The issue of
climate change is complex. It is caused mainly by the emission of gases in
the atmosphere, to a much greater extent than is the case in natural
processes. This means that the levels of these gases are increasing, all in
line with rising solar activity. Agriculture is one of the factors behind global
warming for many reasons.The main gas thought to affect heating is carbon
dioxide. It is obtained by burning fossil fuels. In general, organic farming
rarely uses fossil fuels, while conventional agriculture uses much more
energy to produce and transport synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, while
organic farming relies on natural nitrogen fixation and minimizes pesticide
use.
 Healthier soil - Organic agriculture puts soil quality first because only on
good quality soils rich in organic matter can we produce high-quality fruits
and vegetables. One of the ways to preserve soil fertility is to use natural or
as natural as possible ingredients.The benefit of using organic fertilizer is
that it promotes the plant's ability to produce sugar, which results in higher-
quality fruits with better flavor, color, and appearance. In order to maintain
soil fertility, it is now understood how important maintenance is to humic
components in the soil. Faced with many environmental problems, such as
problems of air pollution, the presence of harmful chemicals in grain and
animal feed, consumption of organic soil components, growers began to
change their relationship to the soil.
 Healthier food - Organic food is one that is grown naturally, ie free of artificial
additives such as artificial pesticides, chemical fertilizers and one that does
not contain GMOs.Organic food production is strictly regulated and organic
food comes on the market with certification. Certification requirements vary
from country to country.Producers of organic food make significant
investments to ensure that their products are not only safe and high-quality,
but also organic. Fruits and vegetables that are organically cultivated typically
smell and taste better than those that are treated to stimulate rapid
development without consideration for nutritional or other taste-related
factors.Similar to this, meat from organically raised animals that were fed a
variety of organic foods has a natural flavor. Again, the nutritional value of
this meat is significantly greater than that of meat derived from animals fed

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 food laced with chemicals with the intention of hastening weight gain.Several
studies have suggested that organic milk has significantly more vitamins,
trace minerals, and micronutrients than conventional foods. full nutrition
nutrients. This is especially important for mothers with babies and young
children. In developed countries, the baby and toddler sales sector is
generally full of organic products.
 No antibiotics are used - Unless an animal becomes ill or is injured and
needs to be treated right away, and unless phytotherapeutic products are
ineffective in treating the disease or injury, using chemically synthesized
allopathic veterinary drugs or antibiotics is prohibited. However, if using these
medications is necessary to prevent the animal's suffering or pain, they can
be used with a veterinarian's supervision.The use of hormones or other
chemicals to influence reproduction or other uses (such as estrus induction
or synchronization) is illegal, as is the use of growth promoters (including
antibiotics, coccidiostats, and other synthetic growth promoters).
 Caring for animals - Organic livestock production is based on the utilization
of pasture, that is, arable and concentrated nutrients produced in an organic
way. The holding system is free, which contributes to better animal health
and also allows for the manifestation of the animal’s natural behavior. It is
obvious that no synthetic or artificial materials are used in the manufacturing
of any products under the organic way of raising livestock. The livestock are
not fed with growth promoters, artificial colors, urea, microbes, synthetic
amino acids, or other chemicals. At various developmental phases, all animal
dietary requirements must be satisfied.
 The standards are high - Unlike conventional foods, the source of organic
products is always checked. Organic farms are inspected at least once a year,
so we can be sure that the products, which are labeled organic, do indeed
comply with the rules of organic production.
 GMO-Free - GMO means a genetically modified organism (plants, animals,
microorganisms) with transplanted genes from other organisms. GM foods
are resistant to pests, herbicides, fungi, and viruses.This is very likely one of
the main arguments of organically produced food. Organic production does
not allow the use or production of genetically modified organisms.

DISADVANTAGES :

 More money is investe - In North America, there is a significantly greater

demand for certified organic products than there is domestic supply,
particularly for meat and dairy. While only 0.6% of all farms in the United
States are organic, over 5% of all food sales in the country are made up of
organic products.This suggests that the majority of the organic beef is
imported from elsewhere. Locally grown, pesticide-free vegetables are simple
to find on shelves, but environmental stamps are less common in the meat

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 section. While not strictly organic, it is much simpler to locate beef that has
been labeled as having been "grown without the use of hormones or
antibiotics."
 More work is involved - Typically, manual weed control is more labor-
intensive when using organic farming methods. However, using
environmentally friendly production techniques, such permaculture or bio-
intensive farming, gradually and significantly reduces the amount of effort
needed.Copying natural processes can yield excellent results, and doing so
just requires a basic understanding of these farming methods and the
willingness to experiment with what works best in different regions and
climates.
 Big losses -As you can see in the cons before, there are big risks in organic
farming. Also, without the use of pesticides, fungicides, antibiotics, etc. your
farm is more exposed to all sorts of losses.It should also be said, it is not so
easy to get organic certification, and any wrong move can get you to lose it.
So, if you are an organic farmer, or are interested in becoming, you should
always follow the rules.
 Use of untested organic pesticides and fungicides - Some organic farmers
will keep using insecticides and fungicides that have been authorized for use
in organic farming.Although these supplements are made from natural
ingredients, their application in relatively small regions at higher
concentrations than would typically be found in nature makes them
potentially harmful to our health and habitat. Farmers frequently have to
repeat the process since natural pesticides are less effective than synthetic
ones, which means that some of the substances may exceed the allowed
concentrations in the environment.
 Needs a larger amount of land - We use a larger land area for the same
amount of food, contributing indirectly to increasing deforestation. That also
often means more transportation and with it more co2 emissions.The new
study was conducted by an international team of scientists from the US,
Sweden, France, and Germany, published in the respected scientific journal
Nature.In short, the study concludes that yields in organic production are
significantly lower per unit of agricultural area than conventional (this is also
one of the reasons why it is more expensive), resulting in greater
deforestation and ultimately higher greenhouse gas emissions, a key cause
for climate change.
 Lack of accurate, meaningful information - The knowledge needed for
organic farming is not always accessible or is difficult to get, despite the fact
that it is growing increasingly prevalent and popular.Given that organic
production is so heavily reliant on healthy soil and natural systems, organic
farmers need to be well knowledgeable about ecology and how to deal with
the soil.Additionally, the technology that is related to organic production is
always changing, necessitating our constant attention to new developments,
action, and learning.

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 MATERIALS USED AND METHODS

Crops Selected:
Crops consist of living plants. Grain, vegetables, and fruit make up the majority of
crops. When referring to the food return from land at the conclusion of a growing
season, terms like crop, harvest, produce, and yield are used.

List of crop selected for this project :

1. Chilli
2. Ladies finger
3. Tomato
4. Mung Beans
5. Brinjal

Varieties Used :
An agricultural term for a collection of grown plants with similar traits. All plants that
have undergone extensive cultivation have developed a wide range of shapes, which
are generally referred to as varieties.

List of crop varieties used in this project :

1. Chilli - Ugwal
2. Ladies finger - Kiran
3. Mung Bean - Mohini
4. Tomato- Sakthi
5. Brinjal - Haritha

The source of these seeds used are from grocery shop.

Agricultural Implements & Equipments Used :

Farm machinery, implements, and tools are crucial to agricultural crop operations.
Their availability greatly facilitates and accelerates the process.
 Home made fertilizer sprays
 Tiny shovels
 Garden fork
 Trowels & Hoe

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Liming Materials & Quantity :
Liming materials are used in agriculture to neutralize acidity in bottom soil. Their
availability makes the work much easier and faster. Liming improves soil pH, Ca,
and Mg contents and reduces Al concentrations in the soil solution. In addition,
liming improves beneficial microbe populations in the soil.Here I used Limestone
powder & Ash as liming material to reduce the acidity of the soil.

Bio Fertilizers & Manures :

A bio fertilizer is a substance which promotes growth by increasing the supply or
availability of primary nutrients to the host plant and manures are organic matter
that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Most manure consists of animal
feces, other sources include compost and green manure.

 Cow dung
 Earth worm
 Kitchen waste ( Vegetables )
 Rice water

Bio Slurries :
Bio-slurry is a biogas byproduct that has a number of advantages. Bio-slurry can be
used as a natural fertilizer and still has a lot of nutrients that are beneficial for
farming.

 Rice water
 Kitchen wastes ( Vegetables )
 Fruit wastes

Pest Management and Bio Pesticides:

Bio pesticides are a subset of pesticides that come from naturally occurring
organisms like bacteria, plants, animals, and minerals.In order to handle pests in
organic farming, the right natural pesticides must be used. The ones i used for this
project are mentioned below -

 Baking Soda
 Turmeric
 Vinegar as pest control spray
 Abtec Tricho & Abtec Pseudo (50g in 2.5L water)

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Land Preparation & Potting :

 The soil is Loosened and tilted before the seeds are sown.
 Soils containing Big Lumps and stones are broken with the help of Hoe.
 Applied Manure and Fertilizers to the soil to increase its fertility and neutral
the Acidity.
 Then good quality seeds are collected and sowed in a seed tray/Grow Bag.
 Supplied enough water at regular intervals for proper growth and then added
organic matter such as cow dung, Coconut Husk, Ash during soil preparation
to build and maintain the same. Before planting, well-rotted, rake the soil
clean and level it.
 The grow bag I used had holes in it which was then filled with soil after
mixing it with organic matter and then the grow bags were placed at a height
without being attached to the soil.
 Liming : Further I used Limestone powder & Ash as liming material to reduce
the acidity of the soil.
 After planting the seedling, applied a layer of soil, compost & sand over the
top surface.

Water Supply & Management :

All the metabolic processes/ biological activities that take place inside the plant are
directly dependent on water. Every cell of the plant wants water for its survival.
Water management is the control and movement of water resources to minimize
damage to life and property and to maximize efficient beneficial use. The plants
were Irrigated in the morning & evening and provided proper drainage.

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 OBSERVATIONS & TABULATION

Table 1. Germination Percentage :

It is an estimate of the viability of a population of seeds which is calculated as,

GERMINATION PERCENTAGE = SEEDS GERMINATED / TOTAL SEEDS ) * 100

Name of Plants Total no of Seeds Seeds Germinated Percentage

Chilli 10 8 80%
Ladies Finger 15 12 80%
Mung Beans 20 13 65%
Tomato 15 9 60
Brinjal 20 7 35

Table 2. Height of Plants (20 days intervals) :

Name of Plants Height ( in cm )
Chilli 28
Ladies Finger 35
Mung Beans 20
Tomato 25
Brinjal 20

Table 3. Number of Branches :

Name of Plants Number of Branches

Chilli 9
Ladies Finger 5
Mung Beans 5
Tomato 7
Brinjal 6

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Table 4. Day of First Flowering :

Name of Plants Day

Chilli 15/07/2023
Ladies Finger 11/07/2023
Mung Beans 02/08/2023
Tomato 27/07/2023
Brinjal 23/07/2023

Table 5. Day of First Fruiting :

Name of Plants Day

Chilli 10/08/2023
Ladies Finger 04/08/2023
Mung Beans 09/08/2023
Tomato 11/08/2023
Brinjal 14/08/2023

Table 6. Harvest Day :

Name of Plants Day

Chilli 17/09/2023
Ladies Finger 12/09/2023
Mung Beans 03/09/2023
Tomato 08/09/2023
Brinjal 20/09/2023

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Table 7. Weight & Number of Fruits From Each Harvest :

Name of Plants Number of Fruits Weight of Fruit (in kg)

Chilli 3 0.036
Ladies Finger 6 0.028
Mung Beans 27 0.024
Tomato 8 0.688
Brinjal 11 2.38

Table 8. Cumulative Yield :

Agricultural yield is the average net output of agricultural product per unit of
farmland per year or in simple terms yield is a standard measurement of the amount
of agricultural production harvested of a crop.

Name of Plants Weight (in kg)

Chilli 0.036
Ladies Finger 0.028
Mung Beans 0.024
Tomato 0.688
Brinjal 2.38

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 GROWING STAGES - PHOTOS

 Seeding and plantation :

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 Growing Stage :

20
 FLOWERING STAGE :

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 Fruiting Stage :

Chilli Ladies Finger

Mung Beans Brinjal

Tomato

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 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Organic farming makes use of natural resources. On soil fertility and plant health, it
places emphasis. "The healthier the soil, including the health of all soil organisms
like worms and microorganisms, the healthier the plant," is the general tenet. The
costs associated with organic farming are significantly lower than those of
conventional farming.The farmers who engage in organic agriculture do so
profitably. Because organic farming is healthy and nutrient-rich, the farmer will
receive a good price.
A cost of Rs. 120 was expended for cow dung in order to improve soil fertility.
Coconut husk and ash were free to use because they were widely accessible,
whereas limestone, which was required to balance the acidity of the soil, cost Rs. 50.
300 rupees were spent on the Grow bag in total. A total of Rs. 18 was spent on chilli
seeds, Rs. 15 on ladies' fingers, Rs. 13 on tomatoes, Rs. 20 on brinjal, and Rs. 18 on
mung beans. An amount of Rs. 84/-was spent to buy the above seeds. The
application of bio fertilizers and bio pesticides is required to protect the plants from
pests and diseases and to ensure the proper growth of plants. An amount of Rs.70
and Rs.80 were spent for Abtec Pseudo and Abtech Tricho.
In order to make a solution of turmeric and baking soda an amount of Rs.80 spent
for baking soda. No cost incurred for other fertilizers and pesticides because it was
readily available.

Therefore the total cost incurred for doing organic farming is Rs. 585/-

The harvested crops, Chilli, Ladies Finger, Mung Beans, Brinjal and Tomatoes were
not intented for sale as the production of these were in small quantities and thus
were used for household purposes

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 CONCLUSION

Through training in organic farming, the MG University MOOC course on organic

farming assisted me in developing a lovely relationship with nature.
I began farming at the beginning of June. I started by amending the soil with cow
manure, coconut husk, and ashes. The following day, I put the ready-made soil in
the grow bags and seed trays. Mung bean, brinjal, chilli, ladies finger, and tomato
seeds of the highest quality were planted in seed trays and grow bags. Early June
saw the germination of seeds. The seedlings were moved from the seed tray to
growbags after two to three weeks. The plants received morning and nighttime
irrigation, as well as enough drainage. Vegetable waste, rice water, and kitchen
trash were utilized as manure to ensure that plants grew properly. consistent
watering and proper manure application. The plants began to produce their flowers
in the first to second week of July. Twice monthly applications of the bio-
insecticides Abtec Pseudo and Abtec Tricho were made. Turmeric powder, baking
soda, garlic spray, vinegar, and a solution of turmeric powder and baking soda were
used to protect the plants from pests and illnesses. All of the fruits were collected in
mid-late September and used for domestic consumption when the plants entered
the fruiting stage at the end of August. I gained an understanding of the many plant
phases thanks to this organic farming.

Since they are used in the majority of recipes, all of the crops that are farmed are
appropriate for the area. If there are excess supplies that are much more than we
could possibly use, they could be sold to neighbors for a profit.Our own organic
gardening raises our health by giving us access to non-toxic veggies. If we give the
plants adequate attention, every type of vegetable can be cultivated in a little area. A
lack of sunlight or excessive irrigation can easily kill plants. However, if we take
adequate care, provide the proper amount of water, manures, etc., the plants can
develop effortlessly. I believe that if we designate a portion of our garden for organic
farming in our backyard, we can eat vegetables that do not contain chemicals and
live healthier lives and also create a healthy environment.

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