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 It GRZANITATION 812

1 Newton'slaw of Gravitation

Fg G t t
If m ma

measurex
universal
gravitational consttf
irregularbodies Fycatulatey 19110 independent

Always attractive in nature

centralforce actingalonglinejoining centers
to a 9stautores
rectortormot N's law ofgravitation
A
4,1 BT 942hr
E m
E GREAT
E
Faz GMILE ri
sign indicates attractivenature
Principle ofsuperposition
Mi Mz
Thetmo FtEtEt
Vectoralgebra will beuseful here
FY.IE recall 3 special cases of UI
M3
Mo M forceon a mass placed at center
go Any of symmetric mais distribution
M
is always zero
Mo

Isp f It mais mo is placed anywhere

insideshell then netforce on
mais mo is zero
i

shellotmaism a SKI theorem

andradius

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12
 2 Accelerationdueto gravity go 9 8m15 lomis
independentof
p
M const
8 90 Yt goat
M PEAR
g og
assuming spherical earth

r t g app radiusofplanet
d'ensity of planet

ga
fay ftp.Tzp f yp
heck By binomial expansion
Toget
gu go 1
21 gh g D h
L
at r o g o
Gd go i
f go Ry goy
Rd r D distancemeasuredfromcenterofplanet
Ettectotrotation ofEarth

o mwh g g waras'd
5
8 d o g g war
atequator
Eyffdition
ofweightlessness 91 0
O g war
w
tri
3 GravitationalfieldIntensity
Force experienced
by a unit mais at thatpoint
E Em Q
m E Eg 4
Init D Mee m gy.pointf.in
Mathematically it is
similarto acceleration
duetogravity IIIT
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 GravitationalPotential

I
in v
91 scalarquantity
Gravitationalfield and potential dueto uniform rod

H
sie mi e T unfrimindensity

de gyms Eh
Édd added

Gaf gate GdÉÉ

Gd In r gate
Gd
fate
Eg Eg U Get in f
Gravitationalfield and Potential due to shell
5

If t

Ein 0
Ego
yy.in u

gy
y
yy out
91 Us Gye
KR r R FR

K G Gravitationalfield and Potential due tosphere

o m
R 7

Ein qtr Eat 92 Fsu

gy
Vina GREELEY Vent
Gy Us
GE
af Fo Ve 3GMR 32US
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 4 Orbitalvelocity

MIL mys Fg 9 1 45
Lg Vo FI Eth
closets h o

Vo
IE IER
Vo 8km see

i
R 6400km

KE ofsaltelite

KE MOE U GMMI
veryclosetoearthsurface
KE IM.gM_
U m
gh her
TE KE to done intaking m from
Work
tiara
Gye Gyre rz.ve 911
Went AU
GET
Uf Vi r Up 9,1
TE KE t.PE
Bindingenergy TE
BE KE
GILI
TE KE PE BE I 1
tf
Sattelite
c Timeperiodofrevolution DE MI
Effr
III
T

o
T2 a 83 ER
closetosurfaceofearth TIGGER
T 84min
Estontiarysateite 7 e
24hours

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 5 Escapevelocity minimumvelocitytoescapeplanets
KEG0,0 0 as EQ gravitationpull
mu
Gt Gt
Ave byincreasing u
Ye Ve
II v
411 Satellitecan
Ve Egr ii 2km1stoffinth
Vet ve velocityat os interstellarspeed
if u ve
Vos tune
Ve is independentofangleofprojection than
ntfs
it particlethrownwith us ve suchthat u
4 0 momentarily atrest
a
Imu GMT Eth O

is
a
Éj Inn VE GMAIL In

Frinton
Rtd 42 In t
h
Ry te
ft
i

6 Kepler's law 1 all planetsrevolvearound

sun inelliptical orbitand
planetmove planetmoves
slower isfixed at one tocii
top ae.tn
o
apogee 2 const
perigee
p if If areavelocity

planetsweptequal area in
equal time interval
eccentricity gritty d
I
AI AE
b ITI 3 T2 a 3
g
a
MII semimajoraxis

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Example
The gravitational force between two objects does not depend on

A. Sum of the masses

B. Product of the masses

O
[RPET 2003]
C. Gravitational constant

D. Distance between the masses

Example
Two spheres of masses m and M are situated in air and the
gravitational force between them is F. The space around the masses is
now filled with a liquid of specific gravity 3. The gravitational force
will now be

A. F/9 [2003]

B. 3F

C. F

D. F/3
Example
The mass of the moon is about 1.2% of the mass of the earth.
Compared to the gravitational force the earth exerts on the moon, the
gravitational force the moon exerts on earth

A. Is the same
[SCRA 1998]

B. Is smaller moon
n earth
C. Is greater

D. Varies with its phase

Example
r

x I Fg a
Example
The force between 2 particle is F. Now if the masses are doubled and
the distance is halved. Find the new force.
A. 2F
B. 8F F F
C. 16 F
D. None of these m1 m2
r

Fa
MII
p't
MEETS

A IGA
Example
Mass M is divided into two parts xM and (1 – x)M. For a given
separation, the value of x for which the gravitational attraction
O
between the two pieces becomes maximum is

M
K
A. 1/2
[EAMCET 2003]
B. 3/5
Igg m I'm
Mz ng
C. 1

D. 2
Example
Three identical masses m are kept at the vertices of equilateral Δ of side
‘a’. Find the force of A due to B and C.

A.
A
m
B.

C.
H.GE
I
D. None of these
m I l m
B C
Example

x x
Example
Four particles of masses m, 2m, 3m and 4m are kept in sequence at
the corners of a square of side a. The magnitude of gravitational force
acting on a particle of mass m placed at the centre of the square will
be

A. B.
id 02Mt

91
4

C.
4 741
D. Zero
4mi
03M my 2m
1 2m
Example
Example
Example
Example

7 7
Example
Example

MEEEEE

I 2
fret
4 260

EeI
Example

I
M p app
GIF M2ARG
z
Kar Agar
Mgmt
AgataRpg
Fg are
Example
The moon's radius is 1/4 that of the earth and its mass is 1/80 times
that of the earth. If g represents the acceleration due to gravity on the
surface of the earth, that on the surface of the moon is
A. g/4 B. g/4
[MP PMT 1997; RPET 2000; MP PET 2000, 2001]

C. g/6 D. g/8

g a
Yz
Gm 4 80 9
442 912 s
Example

Oo
The radius of the earth is about 6400 km and that of mars is about
o
3200 km. The mass of the earth is about 10 times the mass of mars. An
object weighs 200 N on the surface of the earth. What is weight on the
surface of mars ?
A. 20 N
M,R n m.gr B. 40 N
C. 80 N
Inst D. None of these
mgm
If
3,50 Em Year

É 2.5

gm.FI
Example
Acceleration due to gravity on moon is 1/6 of the acceleration due to
gravity on earth. If the ratio of densities of earth (ρm) and moon (ρe)
e m
is

then radius of moon Rm in terms of Re will be

[MP PMT 2003 ]

A. B. ga PR

C. D.
YEE Extern
6
Ex Req
Rm
E Re
Example
The moon's radius is 1/4 that of the earth and its mass is 1/80 times
that of the earth. If g represents the acceleration due to gravity on the
surface of the earth, that on surface of the moon is

A. g/4 B. g/5

C. g/6 D. g/8
Example
What is the acceleration due to gravity at height h = R/2.
(R is the radius of the earth)
hairy gn go 1 2h X
A. 8g/9
B. 9g/8 go
m
C.
D.
4g/9
None of these
SWEETY EI g’
H
=
R/
2

R
Example

EE MIN EE
h Mz

FIT
E V
Example

Vote ITR
I
Example

E Td amino
E
Example
A body of mass m is taken from earth surface to the height h equal to radius
of earth, the increase in potential energy will be
A.
B.
mgR
½ mgR I Tty DU Voi
C. 2 mgR
É Ui
92T Gmp
D. ¼ mgR GMT
I R
é Du gm.fr
DU W
MGR
Example
vis 921 8 911 tht
Du
Gmt 1
3 Ammar

h I mgr
f Emg

tTQ ga
EE EEY E
ui
h e
AMIE
Hi

In
IE.IE
 I
Example
 Total Energy & Binding Energy of a Satellite

The potential energy of a satellite is

GMm GMm
U = – K.E. =
r 2r
Total mechanical energy of the satellite

GMm GMm
= – +
r 2r

GMm
TE = –
2r
Example
A satellite of mass m moves around the earth in a circular orbit with speed v.
The potential energy of the satellite is
A. mv2 DPETRIKE
B.
C.
-mv2
3/2 mv2
u Gmt VEE Agmv2
D. -3/2 mv2 e y.ua y
M I
Example
Two satellites A and B, the ratio of their masses being 3 : 1, are in the
I
circular orbits of radii r and 4r. The ratio of total mechanical energy of A to
that of B is
A.
B.
C.
1/3
3
3/4
TE IKE
Iggy
D. 12
OF Y
Example
The correct graph representing the variation of total energy (E), kinetic
energy (K) & potential energy (u) of a satellite with its distance from the
centre of earth is

U
Amy
Ax Bx
. . GII

C. D x
.
Example
Example
The escape velocities from the surface of two planets of same
O
masses is in the ratio of 1: √2 then ratio of their densities is
A. 1 : 2
C. 1 : 8
B. 1 : 4
D. 1 : 16
Ve
ME mayst M Mz

PIER PEYRE
Viet
PIER
41 1 43 1 7 8
EEE
Example
P
EE ta
82 9
Example

Vo ve ITE ED
Example

is IF
mom
it
OTTI Et
Example

I I n
É E
EE

IE IME
u Veg

U
E Ve
Example

Ya fave
REVE
BI
 Example
A planet is revolving around the sun as shown in elliptical path.
The correct option is
A. The time taken in travelling DAB is less than that for BCD
B. The time taken in travelling DAB is greater than that for BCD

C. The time taken in travelling CDA is less than that for ABC

D. The time taken in travelling CDA is greater than that for ABC
B

fast
A C
Hot
S

D
Example
Example
Kepler’s second law is a consequences of

A. Conservation of energy
B. Conservation of Linear momentum 9f
C. Conservation of angular momentum
D. Conservation of mass

ft o

It
IF
I const
Mur const
ur const
u
at
Example
Example

I
I

A
I
4 AI
ME At
Example
Example
Which of the following graphs represents the motion , of the
planet moving about the Sun T is the period of revolution and r is
the average distance ( from centre to centre) between the sun
and the planet.

A. B.

C. D.
Example
If a graph is plotted between T2 and r3 for a planet, then its slope
will be (where Ms is the mass of the sun)
72 pz
A. B. T 411.83

C. 4πGM
s
D. GMs
y
IX yp
tano slope
EE Oy Fi 1,3 3
tano at
 Example
Match the column 1 with column 2

Column-1 Column-2

A. Kepler’s First Law P. T2 ∝ a3

B. Kepler’s Second Law Q. Inverse square law

C. Kepler’s third law R. Orbit of planet is elliptical

D. Newton’s law of gravitation S. Law of conservation of angular

momentum

A. A-s , B-p , C-q, D-r B. A-p , B-q , C-r, D-s

C. A-r , B-s , C-p, D-sq D. A-s , B-p , C-q, D-s
Example

É
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