Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms.

Heng Pisey

Iodination of acetone (1)

I. Principle
The reaction rate of the iodination of acetone is determined by observing the disappearance
of characteristic color of iodine in water. By systematically varying the concentration of
reactants, the reaction rate is determined to be:

Rate of reaction =

II. Objective
In this experiment, the reaction rate of iodination of acetone at different concentration of
reactants is investigated.

III. Materials and Chemicals

- Test tube

- Water bath

IV. Experiment procedure

- A number of sample were prepared to explore the dependence of the rate of reaction upon
the concentration of reactants, summarized in Table 1.

- For each sample, the listed volumes of 4.00 M acetone solution, 1.00 M hydrochloric acid
solution and water added to one test tube (Tube "A"), and the listed volume of 5.00×10-3
M iodine solution was added to a second test tube (Tube "B").

- The tubes were place in a room temperature and the temperature was allowed to
equilibrate for at least 5 minutes.

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

- Then, the two tubes were mixed, the mixture was poured back and forth between the two
tubes a number of times.
- The reaction was finished when the iodine color faded from the reaction solution.

- The time was recorded when the reaction was finished, each volume of the solution
should be done 3 times.

Tubes A Tube B
Experiment Temperature Acetone HCL H2O Iodine Total Reaction
number (0C) (ml) (ml) (ml) volume time
(ml)
1 Room 2 2 4 2 10
2 Room 2 2 4 2 10
3 Room 2 2 4 2 10
4 Room 4 2 2 2 10
5 Room 4 2 2 2 10
6 Room 4 2 2 2 10
7 Room 2 4 2 2 10
8 Room 2 4 2 2 10
9 Room 2 4 2 2 10
10 Room 2 2 2 4 10
11 Room 2 2 2 4 10
12 Room 2 2 2 4 10

V. Result
1. Calculate the initial concentration of acetone, hydrochloric acid and iodine and draw the
table.
2. Calculate the reaction rate of each experiment and draw the table.
3. Calculate the rate constant of the reaction if the rate law of acetone iodination is

4. How is the concentration of acetone and hydrochloric acid affect to the rate of the
reaction?

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

Iodination of Acetone (2)

I. Principle
The reaction rate, the rate law and the activation energy of the iodination of acetone are
determined by observing the disappearance of the characteristic color of iodine in water. By
systematically varying the concentration of reactants, the rate of reaction and the rate law are
determined to be:

Rate =

II. Objective
In this experiment, the reaction rate of iodination of acetone at the different temperature are
investigated.

III. Materials and chemicals

- Test tube

- Water bath

- Thermometer

- 4.00 M acetone solution

- 1.00 M hydrochloric acid

- 5.00×10-3 M iodine

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

IV. Experiment procedure

- A number of sample were prepared to explore the dependence of the rate of reaction upon
the concentration of reactants, summarized in Table 1.

- For each sample, the listed volumes of 4.00 M acetone solution, 1.00 M hydrochloric acid
solution and water added to one test tube (Tube "A"), and the listed volume of 5.00×10-3
M iodine solution was added to a second test tube (Tube "B").

- The tubes were place in a room temperature and the temperature was allowed to
equilibrate for at least 5 minutes.

- Then, the two tubes were mixed, the mixture was poured back and forth between the two
tubes a number of times.

- The reaction was finished when the iodine color faded from the reaction solution.

- The time was recorded when the reaction was finished, each volume of the solution
should be done 3 times.

Tubes A Tube B
Experiment Temperature Acetone HCl H2O Iodine Total Reaction
number (0C) (ml) (ml) (ml) volume time
(ml)
1 50 2 2 2 2 8
2 50 2 2 2 2 8
3 50 2 2 2 2 8
4 40 2 2 2 2 8
5 40 2 2 2 2 8
6 40 2 2 2 2 8
7 30 2 2 2 2 8
8 30 2 2 2 2 8
9 30 2 2 2 2 8
10 20 2 2 2 2 8

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

11 20 2 2 2 2 8
12 20 2 2 2 2 8
13 10 2 2 2 2 8
14 10 2 2 2 2 8
15 10 2 2 2 2 8

V. Results
1. Calculate the initial concentration of acetone, hydrochloric acid and iodine and draw the
table.
2. Calculate the reaction rate and draw the table.
3. Draw the graph between reaction rate and temperature and how is the temperature affect
the rate of the reaction?

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

Iodine Clock reaction (1)

I. Principle
In this experiment, we study the kinetics of the reaction between persulfate S 2O82- and
iodide I- ions.

Rate of reaction are measured by either following the appearance of a product or the
disappearance of a reactant. In this experiment, the rate of consumption of the iodine will be
measured to determine the rate of the reaction. As reaction (1) runs, the amount of iodine (I2)
produced from it will be followed using reaction (2):

The iodine produced from the persulfate-iodide reaction (1) is immediately reduced back to
iodide by thiosulfate ions (2). A known amount of thiosulfate ions will be added to the reaction
vessel which will turn consume iodine as it is produced. This continues until all the thiosulfate
has been converted to tetrathionate, whereupon free idodine will start to form in the solution via
reaction (1). Because we know the amount of thiosulfate we added, we can determine the amount
of iodine produced from reaction (1) stoichiometrically. When all the thiosulfate is consumed,
free iodine starts to form in solution. By measuring the time taken or the known amount of
thiosulfate to be consumed, the rate of production of iodine during that time can be calculated.

The color of the iodine formed might be intense enough that it can act as its own
indicator, however, for better results, you will add starch, which produces a deep blue starch-
iodine complex:

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

II. Objective
In the experiment, you will study a reaction that proceeds at an easily measured rate at
room temperature. The rate equation will be determined by investigating the effect of the
concentration of the reactants on the rate of the persulfate-iodide reaction.

III. Materials and Chemicals

- Volumetric flask
- Erlenmeyer
- Beaker
- 4.0×10-3 M Na2S2O3 , 0.1M K2S2O8, 0.2M KI, 0.2M KCl , 0.1 K2SO4
- Starch solution

IV. Experiment procedure

- Prepare the solution of sodium thiosulfate, potassium persulfate, potassium iodide,
potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
- Label a 50mL Erlenmeyer flask "A" which content KI and KCl.
- Label a 50mL of Beaker "R", the reaction beaker which content starch solution, K2S2O8,
K2SO4, Na2S2O3.
- For each run of the reaction, make up glassware as shown in the chart below. Between
runs, rinse the flasks thoroughly with distilled water.
Erlenmeyer A Reaction Beaker "R"
(+2 drops fresh starch solution+ magnetic bar)
Run KI (mL) KCl (mL) K2S2O8 (mL) K2SO4 (mL) Na2S2O3
1 10 0 5 5 5
2 5 5 5 5 5
3 2.5 7.5 5 5 5

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

4 5 5 7.5 2.5 5
5 5 5 10 0 5

- The experiment is done with the magnetic stirrer.

- For each run, start stirring the reaction beaker. Then, dump the contents of flask "A" into
it and immediately begin timing. Record the "Blue time"(the time in seconds needed for
the solution to turn blue) for each run.

V. Results
The rate of the reaction at constant temperature can be expressed as the change in
concentration of a reagent or product over the changes in time and can be equated to the rate law
expression:

- Determine the initial concentration of S2O82- and initial concentration of I- and draw the
table with the initial concentration.
- Determine the reaction rate of the reaction.
- Prepare the following graphs:
 ln rate versus ln[S2O82-], for runs where [I-] is constant.
 ln rate versus ln[I-], for runs where [S2O82-] is constant.
- Determine the reaction order of the reaction.
The rate law equation can be written as:

By taking the natural log of both sides, the equation becomes:

For runs with different concentration of persulfate and a constant concentration of iodine at a
constant temperature,

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

The constant term in this equation lnk + n ln [I-]. The slope of the best fit line of a plot of ln rate
versus ln [S2O82-] will be equal to m, the order of reaction with respect to persulfate.
Similarly, for runs where persulfate concentration and temperature are kept constant and the
amount of iodide is varied.

The constant term is lnk + m ln [S2O82-]. The slope of the best fit line of a plot of ln rate versus
ln[I-] will be equal to n, the order of reaction with respect to iodide.
- Determine the rate constant of this reaction.
- What are the concentrations of KI and K2S2O8 affect the rate of reaction?

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

Iodine Clock reaction (2)

I. Principle
In this experiment, we study the kinetics of the reaction between persulfate S 2O82- and
iodide I- ions at different temperature.

Rate of reaction are measured by either following the appearance of a product or the
disappearance of a reactant. In this experiment, the rate of consumption of the iodine will be
measured to determine the rate of the reaction. As reaction (1) runs, the amount of iodine (I2)
produced from it will be followed using reaction (2):

The iodine produced from the persulfate-iodide reaction (1) is immediately reduced back
to iodide by thiosulfate ions (2). A known amount of thiosulfate ions will be added to the
reaction vessel which will turn consume iodine as it is produced. This continues until all the
thiosulfate has been converted to tetrathionate, whereupon free idodine will start to form in the
solution via reaction (1). Because we know the amount of thiosulfate we added, we can
determine the amount of iodine produced from reaction (1) stoichiometrically. When all the
thiosulfate is consumed, free iodine starts to form in solution. By measuring the time taken or the
known amount of thiosulfate to be consumed, the rate of production of iodine during that time
can be calculated.

The color of the iodine formed might be intense enough that it can act as its own
indicator, however, for better results, you will add starch, which produces a deep blue starch-
iodine complex:

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

II. Objective
In the experiment, you will study a reaction that proceeds at an easily measured rate at
same reagent's concentration. The rate equation will be determined by investigating the effect of
the temperature on the rate of the persulfate-iodide reaction.

III. Materials and Chemicals

- Volumetric flask
- Erlenmeyer
- Beaker
- 4.0×10-3 M Na2S2O3 , 0.1M K2S2O8, 0.2M KI, 0.2M KCl , 0.1 K2SO4
- Starch solution

IV. Experiment procedure

- Prepare the solution of sodium thiosulfate, potassium persulfate, potassium iodide,
potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
- Label a 50mL Erlenmeyer flask "A" which content KI and KCl.
- Label a 50mL of Beaker "R", the reaction beaker which content starch solution, K2S2O8,
K2SO4, Na2S2O3.
- For each run of the reaction, make up glassware as shown in the chart below. Between
runs, rinse the flasks thoroughly with distilled water.
Erlenmeyer A Reaction Beaker "R"
(+2 drops fresh starch solution+
magnetic bar)
Run Temperature KI (mL) KCl (mL) K2S2O8 K2SO4 Na2S2O3
(0C) (mL) (mL) (mL)
1 50 5 5 5 5 5

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

2 40 5 5 5 5 5
3 30 5 5 5 5 5
4 20 5 5 5 5 5
5 10 5 5 5 5 5

- The experiment is done with the magnetic stirrer.

- The reagent is heated or cooled to the needed temperature before starting the experiment.
- For each run, start stirring the reaction beaker. Then, dump the contents of flask "A" into
it and immediately begin timing. Record the "Blue time"(the time in seconds needed for
the solution to turn blue) for each run.

V. Results
The rate of the reaction at the different temperature can be expressed as the change in
concentration of a reagent or product over the changes in time and can be equated to the rate law
expression:

The dependence of the rate of the reaction on the concentration of the reactants may be
expressed by a rate equation of the form:

The effect of the temperature on reaction rate is given by the Arrhenius equation:

1. Determine the initial concentration of S2O82- and initial concentration of I - and draw the
table with the initial concentration.
2. Determine the reaction rate of the reaction.
3. Determine the rate constant of this reaction at different concentration.
4. Determine the activated energy and Arrhenius constant for this reaction.
5. Prepare the following graph:

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

 lnk versus 1/T for runs at variable temperature

 Reaction rate versus temperature

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

Iodination of Acetone (3)

I. Principle
The reaction rate of the iodination of acetone is determined by observing the disappearance
of characteristic color of iodine in water. By systematically varying the concentration of
reactants, the reaction rate is determined to be:

Rate of reaction =

II. Objective
In this experiment, the reaction of rate of iodination of acetone at each duration is
investigated. The concentration of iodide at each duration is also determined.

III. Materials
- Test tube

- Water bath

- Thermometer

- Stopwatch

- Spectrophotometer

IV. Experiment procedure

- A number of sample were prepared to explore the dependence of the rate of reaction upon
the concentration of reactants, summarized in Table.
- For each sample, the listed volumes of 4.00 M acetone solution, 1.00 M hydrochloric acid
solution and water added to one test tube (Tube "A"), and the listed volume of 5.00×10-3
M iodine solution was added to a second test tube (Tube "B").

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

- Then, the two tubes were mixed, the mixture was poured back and forth between the two
tubes a number of times.

- The solution is measured the concentration of iodide of each duration by following to the
Table.

- The absorbance is measured by using λ=615 nm and each condition should be done 3
times.

Tubes A Tube B
Experiment Temperature Time Acetone HCL H2O Iodine Total [I2]
number (0C) (min) (ml) (ml) (ml) (ml) volume
(ml)
1 20 2 2 2 4 4 10
2 20 4 2 2 4 4 10
3 20 6 2 2 4 4 10
4 20 8 2 2 4 4 10
5 20 10 2 2 4 4 10

V. Results
1. Calculate the initial concentration of acetone, hydrochloric acid and iodine and draw the
table.
2. Calculate the concentration of iodide at each duration by using Beer Lambert's Law.
3. Calculate the reaction rate of each experiment.
4. Plot the graph of reaction rate versus concentration.

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

Iodine Clock Reaction (3)

I. Principle
In this experiment, we study the kinetics of the reaction between persulfate S 2O82- and iodide
I- ions.

II. Objective
In this experiment, the reactions are done at four different temperatures and two different
catalysts in order to observe the effect of temperature and catalyst on the reaction rate.

III. Materials
- Volumetric flask
- Erlenmeyer
- Beaker
- 4.0×10-3 M Na2S2O3 , 0.1M K2S2O8, 0.2M KI, 0.2M KCl and 1% starch solution

IV. Experimental Procedure

- Prepare the solution of sodium thiosulfate, potassium persulfate, potassium iodide,
potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
- Label a 50mL Erlenmeyer flask "A" which content KI, KCl and two drop of catalyst.
- Label a 50mL of Beaker "R", the reaction beaker which content starch solution, K2S2O8,
Na2S2O3.
- For each run of the reaction, make up glassware as shown in the chart below. Between
runs, rinse the flasks thoroughly with distilled water.

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

Erlenmeyer A Reaction Beaker "R"

Run Temperature Catalys KI KCl K2S2O8 1% starch Na2S2O3
(0C) ts (mL) (mL) (mL) (mL) (ml)
1 10 Non 5 5 5 1 5
2 10 Cu2+ 5 5 5 1 5
3 10 Ag+ 5 5 5 1 5
4 20 Non 5 5 5 1 5
5 20 Cu2+ 5 5 5 1 5
6 20 Ag+ 5 5 5 1 5
7 30 Non 5 5 5 1 5
8 30 Cu2+ 5 5 5 1 5
9 30 Ag+ 5 5 5 1 5
10 40 Non 5 5 5 1 5
11 40 Cu2+ 5 5 5 1 5
12 40 Ag+ 5 5 5 1 5

- The experiment is done with the magnetic stirrer.

- For each run, start stirring the reaction beaker. Then, dump the contents of flask "A"
into it and immediately begin timing. Record the "Blue time"(the time in seconds
needed for the solution to turn blue) for each run.

V. Results
The rate of the reaction at constant temperature can be expressed as the change in
concentration of a reagent or product over the changes in time and can be equated to the rate law
expression:

1. Determine the initial concentration of S2O82- and initial concentration of I- and draw the
table with the initial concentration.

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Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Prepared by Ms. Heng Pisey

2. Determine the reaction rate of the reaction.

3. Prepare the graph of reaction rate versus temperature.
4. Compare the results to the data run of no additive of catalyst.

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