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Geometric and Harmonic Mean

The document discusses different types of central tendencies including the geometric mean and harmonic mean. The geometric mean is defined as the nth root of the product of n numbers. It gives less weight to large numbers and more weight to small numbers. The harmonic mean is defined as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the given data values. It gives greater weight to smaller items than larger items. Both the geometric and harmonic means are rigidly defined and consider the magnitude of all items.

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162 views3 pages

Geometric and Harmonic Mean

The document discusses different types of central tendencies including the geometric mean and harmonic mean. The geometric mean is defined as the nth root of the product of n numbers. It gives less weight to large numbers and more weight to small numbers. The harmonic mean is defined as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the given data values. It gives greater weight to smaller items than larger items. Both the geometric and harmonic means are rigidly defined and consider the magnitude of all items.

Uploaded by

32 Jeswin Kp
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Apart from the Mean, Median and Mode, the other central tendencies include:

1. Geometric Mean
2. Harmonic Mean

Geometric Mean

The geometric mean (or GM) is a type of mean that indicates the central
tendency of a set of numbers by using the product of their values. It is defined
as the nth root of the product of n numbers.

Geometric Mean = ,where n is the no of observations

1. Find the geometric mean of 4 and 3?

Sol: Using the formula for G.M., the geometric mean of 4 and 3 will be:
Here, n=2
So,1/n=0.5
Geometric Mean will be √(4×3)= (12)0.5
So geometric mean=3.46

2. What is the geometric mean of 4, 8, 3, 9 and 17?


Sol: n = 5 is the total number of values. Now, find 1/n.
1/5 = 0.2.
geometric mean= (4 × 8 × 3 × 9 × 17)0.2

So, geometric mean = 6.81

Merits

1. It is rigidly defined. It has clear cut mathematical formula.


2. It is based on all the items. The magnitude of every item is considered for its computation.
3. It is not as unduly affected by extreme items as A.M. because it gives less weight to large
items and more weight to small items.

Demerits

1. It is neither simple to understand nor easy to calculate. Usage of logarithm makes the
computation easy.
2. It has less sampling stability than the A.M.
3. It cannot be calculated for open-end data.

Harmonic Mean

The Harmonic Mean (HM) is defined as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of
the given data values. It is based on all the observations, and it is rigidly
defined. In general, the harmonic mean is used when there is a necessity to give
greater weight to the smaller items.

If x1, x2, x3,…, xn are the individual items up to n terms, then,

Harmonic Mean= n / [(1/x1)+(1/x2)+(1/x3)+…+(1/xn)]

If x1, x2, x3,…., xn are n items with corresponding frequencies f1, f2, f3, …., fn,
then the weighted harmonic mean is:
HMw = N / [ (f1/x1) + (f2/x2) + (f3/x3)+ ….(fn/xn) ]

Merits
1. It is rigidly defined. It has clear cut mathematical formula.
2. It is based on all the items. The magnitude of every item is considered for its computation.
3. It is affected less by extreme items than A.M. or even G.M.
4. It gives lesser weight to larger items and greater weight to lesser items

Demerits
1. It is neither simple to understand nor easy to calculate.
2. It has less sampling stability than the A.M.
3. Theoretically, it cannot be calculated for open-end data.
4. It cannot be found graphically.
Harmonic mean= N / [ (f1/x1) + (f2/x2) + (f3/x3)+ ….(fn/xn) ] = 42 / 7.878

= 5.331

Relation between AM, GM and HM

AM x HM = GM2

Hence, the important measures of central tendencies or statistical averages are the following.

1. Arithmetic Mean
2. Geometric Mean
3. Harmonic Mean
4. Median
5. Mode

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