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Hesss Law

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27 views20 pages

Hesss Law

Uploaded by

stephniedayao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Thermochemical Equation

- an equation used to
show the heat
involved in a reaction
H2O (s) H2O (l) H = 6.01 kJ

H2O (l) H2O (g) H = -6.01 kJ


Let’s analyze!

C6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) —> 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔH = -2805


kJ/mole

1. What does the negative sign of ΔH


indicate?
2. If the reaction is exothermic what
happens to heat when the reaction takes
place?
Since the reaction is exothermic, heat could be
written as a product, as shown below

C6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) —> 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) + 2805 kJ


Enumerate THREE important
features of a thermochemical
equation
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________

H2O (s) H2O (l) H = 6.01 kJ

H2O (l) H2O (s) H = -6.01 kJ

2H2O (s) 2H2O (l) H = 2 x 6.01 = 12.02 kJ


Features of the Thermochemical Equations
• The stoichiometric coefficients always refer to the number
of moles of a substance
H2O (s) H2O (l) H = 6.01 kJ

• If you reverse a reaction, the sign of H changes


H2O (l) H2O (s) H = -6.01 kJ

• If you multiply both sides of the equation by a factor n


(ex.2), then H must change by the same factor n.

2H2O (s) 2H2O (l) H = 2 x 6.01 = 12.0 kJ

•It can be added and subtracted (or multiplied


and divided) just like algebraic equations.
Thermochemical Equations

• The physical states of all reactants and products must be


specified in thermochemical equations.
H2O (s) H2O (l) H = 6.01 kJ
H2O (l) H2O (g) H = 44.0 kJ
• Since H cannot be
accurately measured during an
actual chemical reaction in a
laboratory, there’s a need to
use indirect route or steps in
order to solve for the enthalpy
change in a chemical reaction
using Hess’s Law.
Hess’s Law
also known as Hess’s Law of Constant Heat
Summation

• “When reactants are


converted to products, the
change in enthalpy is the
same whether the reaction
takes place in one step or in
a series of steps.”
• This means that
chemical reactions can
be carried out in one or
several steps. In both
cases, the net change is
the same.
• Why is Hess’s Law important?
Hess’s law is based on the fact that because H is
a state function, ΔH depends only on the initial
and final state.

The enthalpy change would be the


same whether the overall reaction
takes place in one step or many steps.

Therefore, if we can break down the


reaction into a series of reactions for
which ΔHo rxn can be measured, we can
calculate ΔHo rxn for the overall reaction.
Hess’s Law
(Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation)

• states that regardless of the multiple


stages or steps of a reaction, the total
enthalpy change for the reaction is the
sum of all changes.
(This is a manifestation of a state function)
General Steps/Guide in solving for H
using Hess’s Law
• 1. Balance the individual equation
• 2. If necessary, look up standard enthalpies
• 3. Flip equations around if necessary to cancel out terms
on opposite sides
• 4. Changing the equation around requires a sign change of
the H of that individual step
• 5. Sum up the individual steps
Illustrative example:
C (graphite) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (graphite) + O2 (g) CO (g)

CO (g) + ½ O2 (g) CO2 (g)


Calculating change in Enthalpy using Hess’s
Law
?
e) + 1/2O2 (g) CO (g)
C (graphite) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)
CO (g) + 1/2O2 (g) CO2 (g)
C (graphite) + 1/2O2 (g) CO (g)

Reaction of interest
?
C (graphite) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)
CO (g) + 1/2O2 (g) CO2 (g)
C (graphite) + 1/2O2 (g) CO (g)

Reaction of interest
• Let’s solve:
Calculate the heat of hydrogenation of ethane, C2H4

C2H4 (g) + H2 (g) —> C2H6 (g) ΔH = ?


C2H4 (g) + H2 (g) —> C2H6 (g) ΔH = ?

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