MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

Question 1.
How is economic strength of a country-measured ?
Answer:
The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing
industries.

Question 2.
What is NMCC ?
Answer:
National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council.

Question 3.
What are the benefits of cities in industrialisation ?
Answer:
Cities provide markets and provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour,
consultants and financial advice etc. to the industry.

Question 4.
Name the places where most manufacturing units were located before independence.
Answer:
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai.

Question 5.
Which are the factors for the ideal location of industry ? Mention any one.
Answer:
Availability of raw material.

Question 6.
Mention any two agro-based industries.
Answer:
Cotton and woolen textile industry.

Question 7.
How industries are divided on the basis of capital investment ?
Answer:

1. Small scale industry.

2. Large scale industry.

Question 8.
Mention the industries on the basis of ownership.
Answer:

1. Public sector owned and operated by the government agencies – BHEL.

2. Private sector owned and operated by individuals – TISCO.
3. Joint sector which are owned and run jointly by the state and individuals – Oil India
Ltd.
 4. Cooperative sector industries owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of
raw material, workers or both g. sugar industry in Maharashtra.

Question 9.
In which state spinning continues to be centralised ?
Answer:
Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

Question 10.
Mention two places of silk textile industries.
Answer:
Srinagar, Anantnag and Baramula in Jammu & Kashmir.

Question 11.
Where most of the jute mills are located ?
Answer:
Most of the jute mills are located in West Bengal mainly along the banks of the Hugh river.

Question 12.
State one reason for increase in internal demand for jute products.
Answer:
The internal demand has been on the increase due to government policy of mandatory use of
jute packaging.

Question 13.
In which year the National Jute Policy was formulated ?
Answer:
2005.

Question 14.
What is the position of India in the production of sugar, gur and khandsari ?
Answer:
India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production
of gur and khandsari.

Question 15.
In recent years why is there a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the
Southern and Western states ? State any one reason.
Answer:
The sugarcane produced there has a higher sucrose content.

Question 16.
What are the challenges before sugar industry ? Mention any one.
Answer:
Old and inefficient methods of production.

Question 17.
What do you mean by mineral based industries ? Give one example.
Answer:
 1. Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based
industries.
o Iron and steel
o cement.

Question 18.
State any one feature of iron and steel industry.
Answer:
Iron and steel is a heavy industry because all the raw materials as well as finished goods are
heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs.

Question 19.
Name any one integrated steel plant.
Answer:
TISCO.

Question 20.
By which authority, the steel of all public sector undertaking is marketed ?
Answer:
All public sector undertaking market their steel through, Steel Authority of India Ltd.

Question 21.
Why the Chhotanagpur region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries ?
Answer:
The Chhotanagpur region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries due to
low cost of iron ore, high grade raw material in proximity, cheap labour and vast growth
potential in the home market.

Question 22.
State any one feature of aluminium smelting industry.
Answer:
Aluminium is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes
strong when it is mixed with other metals.

Question 23.
What is the contribution of chemical industry in the GDP ?
Answer:
The chemical industry contributes approximately 3 per cent of the GDP.

Question 24.
Which are organic chemicals ? How are they used ?
Answer:
Organic chemicals include petrochemicals which are used for manufacturing of synthetic
fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs, and pharmaceuticals.

Question 25.
When the fertiliser industry has expanded significantly ?
Answer:
After the Green Revolution the fertiliser industry has expanded significantly to many parts of
the country.
Question 26.
Which materials are required by the cement industry ?
Answer:
The cement industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina
and gypsum.

Question 27.
What is the main cause for rapid strides in the cement industry in 1980s and 1990s ?
Answer:
Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989 and other policy reforms led the cement
industry to make rapid strides in capacity, process, technology and production.

Question 28.
What is the use of automobiles ?
Answer:
Automobiles provide vehicle for quick transport of good services and passengers.

Question 29.
Which city has emerged as the electronic capital of India ?
Answer:
Bangalore. ,

Question 31.
What does the software technology park provide ?
Answer:
The software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication
facility to software experts.

Question 32.
Which machine helps in reducing noise pollution ?
Answer:
Silencers.

Question 33.
Name any two industries that are responsible for water pollution.
Answer:
Chemical, textile, dying and petroleum refineries.

QUESTIONS OF 3/5 MARKS

Answers should he in about 80/100 words.

Question 1.
How is manufacturing sector considered the backbone of economic development of the
country ? Explain any three points in this regard. [CBSE 2015]
Or
The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing
industries.
Explain. [CBSE
2016]
Answer:
The economic strength of a country lies in the development of manufacturing industries. It is
the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular due to the
following reasons :

1. Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture.

2. It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agricultural sector. At present more
than half of the workers in the country are still working in the primary sector, mainly
in agricultural activities. The workers in this sector are under employed.
3. It provides jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
4. Industrial development or manufacturing industries are necessary for the removal of
unemployment and poverty in a country like India. This was the main philosophy
behind public sector ventures in India.
5. It brings down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward
areas.
6. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much
needed foreign exchange.
7. The industries make a country rich and prosperous because raw materials are
transformed into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value which increases the
income.

Question 2.
“Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.” Explain with examples.
Or
How do industries give boost to the agriculture sector ? [CBSE 2015]

Answer:
It is true that agriculture and industry move hand in hand.

1. There are agro-based industries such as cotton, woollen, jute, edible oil that get their
raw materials from agriculture.
2. In return, these industries sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers,
insecticides, PVC pipes and many other things to the farmers.
3. Thus agro-industries has given boost to agriculture by raising its productivity and has
made the production processes very efficient as well.

Question 3.
What is the contribution of industry to national economy in India ? Compare it with the East
Asian Countries. What is the desired growth and present position of industry in GDP ?
Answer:

1. The contribution of industry to national economy has not been satisfactory for the last
two decades. It has stagnated at 17 per cent of GDP — out of a total of 27 per cent for
the industry which includes 10 per cent for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas.
2. In comparison to India’s 17 per cent share in the GDP, the East Asian Countries have
contributed 25 to 35 per cent to their GDP.
3. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade has been around 7 per
cent per annum.
4. The desired growth over the next decade is 12 percent.
 5. At present growth rate is about 9 to 10 per cent and it is expected that we can achieve
the growth rate of 12 per cent by some efforts like setting up of the National
Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC).

Question 4.
Why are industries located in or near the cities ?
Or
Why do the industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand ? Explain.
Answer:
Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand because sometimes industries are
set up in or near the cities. The reasons for this are as mentioned below :

1. Industries need different types of services such as labour, banking, transport,

insurance and financial consultants. Such services are available in cities.
2. In cities the manufactured products are sold. They become markets for these products
and people are able to buy them according to their requirements.
Availability of products attracts people from other parts to settle there. Thus,
industrialisation leads to urbanisation.
3. Sometimes many industries are set up together to make use of the advantage offered
by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies. Gradually a large industrial
agglomeration takes place. Thus, it is correct to state that the industries are located in
or near the cities.

Question 5.
Where the most manufacturing units were located in the pre-independence period ? What
were the results ?

1. In the pre-independence period, the manufacturing units were located in places

keeping in view the overseas trade. These places were Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai.
2. Result :
1. The result of locating the manufacturing industries at Mumbai, Kolkata and
Chennai and other places was the emergence of certain pockets of industrially
developed urban centers surrounded by a huge agricultural rural hinterland.
2. First cotton textile mill was set up at Mumbai in 1854.
3. First jute mill was established at Rishra near Kolkata in 1859.

Question 6.
Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they different from each
other ?
[CBSE 2016]
Answer:
(1) Industries on the basis of source of raw material are classified as given below :

• Agro-based e., cotton, woolen, jute, silk, textile, rubber, sugar, tea, coffee, edible oil.
• Mineral based e., iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools and
petrochemicals.

Agro-based industries Mineral based industries

 (1) These are capital intensive industries as
(1) These are not capital intensive and do not these involve large investments.
need large investment e.g., dairy products.
(2) These industries use any kind of mineral
(2) Agro-based industries use plant and such as iron ore, aluminium. Example is iron
animal based products as their raw material. and steel industry and chemical industry.
These are based on agricultural raw material.
(3) These industries use raw material for the
(3) Cotton textiles, dairy products are manufacture of a number of other products
example of agro-based industries. such as heavy machinery, building material
and railway coaches.

Question 7.
Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How do they differ from each other ?
[CBSE 2016]
Answer:

1. The industries on the basis of their role are classified into basic industries and
consumer industries.
2. The difference between the two are as given below :

Basic Industries Mineral based industries

(1) Basic industries produce primary raw (1) These are capital intensive industries as
materials for factories to work for instance these involve large investments.
steel and iron industries.
(2) These industries use any kind of mineral
(2) Basic industries do not depend on other such as iron ore, aluminium. Example is iron
industries to exist. Their raw material is not and steel industry and chemical industry.
the output of another industry but rather their
raw material is the stuff of nature itself. (3) These industries use raw material for the
manufacture of a number of other products
(3) The basic industries are iron and steel, such as heavy machinery, building material
copper smelting etc. and railway coaches.

Question 8.
How industries are classified on the basis of ownership ? Explain.
Answer:
(1) Industries are classified on the basis of ownership into various categories as
mentioned below :

1. Public sector
2. Private sector
3. Joint sector
4. Cooperative sector.

(2) These are explained below :

1. Public sector : These are owned and operated by the government agencies. Examples
are BHEL, SAIL etc.
 2. Private sector : These industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of
individuals. Their main object is to earn profit. Examples are TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd.,
Dabur Industries.
3. Joint sector : These industries are jointly run by the state and individual or a group of
individuals. Examples Oil India Ltd. which is jointly owned by private and pubic
sector.
4. Cooperative sector : These industries are owned and operated by the producers or
suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the
profits or losses proportionately such as the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir
industry in Kerala.

Question 9.
Classify industries on the basis of capital investment. How are they different from one
another ? Explain with examples. [CBSE 2016]
Answer:

1. On the basis of capital investment, industries are classified into small scale and large
scale industry.
2. Small scale and large scale industries differ from each other as mentioned below
:

Small scale industry Large scale industry

(1) A small scale industry is that in which
maximum investment is ? one crore. (1) In large scale industry the investment is
more than X one crore.
(2) These industries employ less number of
persons. (2) These industries employ a large number
of persons.
(3) Most of the work is done by man power,
small machines and tools. (3) Most of the work is done by machines.

(4) Raw material used are less and therefore, (4) The production is on large scale as the
production is also less. These are generally raw materials used is more.
more labour intensive.

Question 10.
Classify industry on the basis of the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods.
Answer:
On the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods the industries are
classified into heavy and light industries.

1. Heavy industries are such as iron and steel.

2. Light industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electrical
industries.

Question 11.
“The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self reliant and complete in
the value chain.” Justify the statement. [CBSE 2016]
Or
“The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy.” Explain with
examples.
Answer:
The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy due to the facts
mentioned below :

1. It contributes 14 per cent to industrial production.

2. It generates employment for 35 million persons.
3. It earns foreign exchange which is 24.6 per cent of the total earnings.
4. It contributes 4 per cent towards GDP.
5. It is self-reliant and complete in the value chain e., raw material to the highest value
added products as shown in figure given below :

Figure showing value addition in the textile industry :

From above it is clear that value at each step is added in the textile industry and one has to go
step by step.

Question 12.
Describe the condition of cotton textile industry in India before and after independence.
Answer:
(1) Before independence :

1. In ancient India and even during the British rule our textiles were produced with hand
spinning and handloom weaving techniques.
2. India remained the world’s main producer of cotton textiles.
3. Indian textiles were of top quality and other countries could not compete with it.
4. There was great demand for Indian textiles and India had a substantial export trade to
Britain as well.

(2) During British period after 18th century textile industry suffered a set back due to coming
of Manchester goods in India. The Indian weavers could not compete due to various reasons.
(3) At present the condition of cotton textile industry in India is as mentioned below :

1. There are 1600 cotton and human made fibre textile mills in the country.
2. About 80 per cent are in the private sector and the rest in public and cooperative
sectors.
3. There are thousands of small factories with four to ten looms.
4. In the early years, cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt
of Maharashtra and Gujarat due to availability of raw cotton, market, transport, labour
and port facilities. But now spinning is centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil
Nadu but weaving is highly decentralised to provide scope for incorporating
traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, zari and embroidery.
5. Cotton textiles industry is closely related to agriculture. It provides a living to
farmers, cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving,
dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing.
 6. It supports many other industries, such as, chemicals and dyes, mill stores, packaging
materials and engineering works by creating various types of demands.
7. India has world class production in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of
fabric.
8. The handspun khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes as a
cottage industry.
9. India exports yam to Japan and cotton goods to USA, UK, Russia, France, East
European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African countries.

Question 13.
Describe the production of fabric in India by various sectors. Why is it important for us to
keep the mill sector loomage lower than the power loom and handloom.
Answer:
(1) The production of fabric in India by various sectors is as mentioned below :

Sector Share of production Loomage

Mills G.OCUper cent 1.33 lakh

Powerloom 54.17 per cent 14 lakh

Handloom 23.00 per cent NA

From above figure it is clear that 90 percent of the weaving, cutting and processing is in
decentralised sector.

(2) It is important for us to keep the mill/sector loomage lower than power loom and
handloom due to facts as mentioned below :

1. In our country many artisans and weavers work independently along with the familly
on handloom and powerlooms.
2. Most of these people working on handlooms and power looms are poor. It is the only
source of income for them.
3. If the mill production is increased to meet the demands of the people then these
weavers and artisans will suffer as their sales will be affected.
4. Increase in mill production will lead largely to rural unemployment and decline in
standard of living.
Thus in order to provide more employment opportunities and regular income to these
weavers, the loomage or the production of the mills must be kept lower than power
loom and handloom.

Question 14.
Why is it important for us to improve our weaving sector instead of exporting yam in large
quantities ?
Answer:
We need to make improvement in the weaving sector for the reasons as mentioned
below :

1. Weaving machinery is old and needs to be upgraded to give more output.

 2. Power supply to powerlooms is erratic and power needs to be available on
continuous basis.
3. Weavers can directly supply cloth to garment manufacturers instead of garment
makers importing the fabric.
4. This will also increase employment and incomes of the weavers.
5. Increasing the weaving capacity will increase the GDP of country and create
opportunity for development of ancillary industries like dyeing, processing and
printing of woven fabrics, production of stitched garments.
6. This could also mean reduction in imports of fabrics and ready made garments thus
saving foreign exchange reserves and using it for other important products.

Question 15.
Explain why many of our spinners export cotton yam while apparel/garment manufacturers
have to import fabric.
Answer:
India’s share in the world trade of cotton yarn accounts for one-fourth of the total trade.
However, our trade in garments is only 4 per cent of the world’s total but in spite of these
facts many of our spinners export cotton yarn while apparel/garment manufacturers have to
import fabric. The reasons for this state of affairs are as mentioned below :

1. The weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yam
that we produce.
2. There are some large and modern factories but most of the production is done in
fragmented small units. These units cater to the needs of loqal market. This mismatch
is a major drawback for the industry.
3. Production of good quality long staple cotton has increased but India still
imports due to the following reasons :
1. Erratic power supply.
2. Old machinery that needs upgradation.
3. Low output of labour.
4. Stiff competition with the synthetic fiber industry.

Question 16.
Describe the factors responsible for the location of most of the jute mills along the banks of
the Hugli river in West Bengal.
Answer:
The factors for the location of most of the jute mills along the banks of the Hugli river in
a narrow belt i.e., 98 km long and 3 km wide in West Bengal are as given below :

1. Proximity of the jute producing areas.

2. Inexpensive water transport.
3. Good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw
material to the mills.
4. Abundant water for processing raw jute.
5. Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar
Pradesh.
6. Availability of facilities such as banking, insurance and port facilities for export of
jute goods at Kolkata which is a large urban center.
Question 17.
What are the challenges faced by the jute industry ? How the internal demand has been on the
increase ? Which are the main markets for jute products ?
Answer:
(1) The challenges faced by the jute industry are as mentioned below :

1. Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.

2. Competition with other countries like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and
Thailand.

(2) However inspite of the challenges, there is increase in the internal demand due to
factors as mentioned below :

1. The government has made mandatory use of jute packaging.

2. The growing global concern for environment friendly biodegradable materials has
also increased the use of jute products.
3. In 2005 National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing
productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and
enhancing the yield per hectare.
4. The growing global concern for environment friendly biodegradable materials has
also helped in use of more jute products.

(3) The main markets are USA, Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, UK and Australia.

Question 18.
Give a brief description of sugar industry with special reference to its raw material, its nature,
location of sugar mills and place in the world.
Answer:
(1) Raw material : The raw material, i.e., sugarcane, is bulky and in haulage, its sucrose
content reduces. It is weight losing and perishable.
(2) Nature : This industry is seasonal in nature and, therefore, it is ideally suited to the
cooperative sector because it needs large manual labour in various processes of cultivation
and production of sugar and other products that can be provided by the cooperatives.
(3)

1. Location of sugar mills : There are about 460 sugar mills which are located in Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,
Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. Sixty per cent mills are in Uttar Pradesh and
Bihar.
2. In recent years there has been a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and
concentrate in the southern and western states due to following reasons :
o The sugarcane produced in the southern and western states has a higher
sucrose content.
o The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season.
o The industry is ideally suited to the cooperative sector and this sector has been
more successful in these states.
o Place in the world : India stands second as a producer of sugar. It, however,
occupies the first place in the production of gurand
 o The challenges before the sugar industry are its seasonal nature, old and
inefficient methods of production, transport delay in reaching sugarcane to
factories, need to maximise the use of baggase.

Question 19.
Describe iron and steel industry with reference to its features, uses and method of production.
Ans.
(1) Basic industry : Iron and steel industry is the basic industry because all the other
industries depend on it for their machinery.
(2) Production and heavy industry :

• It is a heavy industry because all the raw materials as well as finished goods are heavy
and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs.
• Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are required in the ratio of approximately 4:2:1. f
(3) Some quantities of manganese are also required to harden the steel.
• Uses : Steel is used to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction
material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and consumer goods.

Question 20.
Which mineral’s production and consumption is regarded as the index of a country’s
development ? What is the rank of India among the world crude steel producers ? Why is the
per capital consumption of steel so low in India ?
Answer:
(1) Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s
development.
(2)

• India produces 32.8 millon tons of steel.

• It ranks ninth among the world crude steel producers.
• It is the largest producer of sponge iron.

(3) In spite of large quantity of production of steel, per capital consumption per anum is only
32 kg. The reasons for the low consumption of steel are as mentioned below :

1. Lack of domestic market for steel in India.

2. Most of the steel is produced for international market.
3. High costs of steel because modern and cost effective technologies for steel
production are not utilised due to lack of infrastructure.
4. Nearly % of Indian population live in villages which require very small quantities of
steel.
5. To carry steel to some areas is difficult because of improper means of transport.
6. Low developed remote areas are not in need of steel.

Question 21.
Why the Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel
industries ? Give reasons. [CBSE 2015]
Answer:
The Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel
industries due to the following reasons :
 • Low cost of iron.
• High grade raw materials are available in proximity.
• Cheap labour is available.
• There is vast growth potential in the home market.

Question 22.
Which are the factors responsible for not performing to our full potential ? What is its present
position ? [CBSE 2016]
Answer:
(1) We are not able to perform to our full potential energy due to the reasons as
mentioned below :

• High costs and limited availability of coking coal.

• Lower productivity of labour.
• Irregular supply of energy.
• Poor infrastructure.

(2) The present position is as mentioned below :

• The overall production of steel is sufficient to meet our domestic demand.

• Liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment have given a boost to the industry with
the efforts of private entrepreneurs.
• There is need to allocate resources for research and development to produce steel
more competitively.

Question 23.
Write a brief note on Aluminium smelting industry in India.
Answer:
(1) Qualities : It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat and malleable. It
becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.
(2) Uses : It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires. It is also used as a substitute
of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries.
(3)Position of Aluminium :

1. Aluminium smelting is the second important metallurgical industry in India. There are
eight aluminium smelting plants in India. These are located in Orissa (Nalco and
Balco), West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil
Nadu.
2. In 2004, India produced over 600 million tons of aluminium.
3. Factors for the location of the industry are regular supply of electricity and an assured
source of raw materials e., bauxite at the minimum cost.

Question 24.
Describe the main features of chemical industry in India.
Ans.
The main features are as follows :

1. It is fast growing and diversifying industry.

2. Its contribution to GDP is approximately 3 per cent.
3. It is the third largest in Asia and twelfth in the world in size.
 4. It has both large and small scale manufacturing units.
5. Rapid growth in both organic and inorganic sectors.
6. It has its own consumer market because basic chemicals are used for producing other
chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for consumer
markets.
7. Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of
synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
8. Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries and petrochemical plants
because petrochemicals are heavy organic chemicals which are difficult to transport to
other places.
9. The inorganic chemical industry manufactures fertilisers, plastics, paints, adhesives,
soaps, detergents and paper etc. These products are used by people all over the
country and can 1 be produced by small inorganic chemical industries spread all over
the country.

Question 25.
Write a short note on the main features of the fertiliser industry in India.
Answer:
Main features are :

1. It produces nitrogenous fertilisers (mainly urea), phosphatic fertilisers and ammonium

phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilisers i.e., combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate
(P) | and potash (K).
2. India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers.
3. Number of fertiliser units in the country are as follows :
o Nitrogenous and complex nitrogenous fertiliser — 57
o Urea – 29
o Ammonium sulphate – 09
o Single superphosphate – 68
4. There are 10 public sector undertakings and one in cooperative sector at Hazira in
Gujarat under the Fertiliser Corporation of India.
5. Main fertiliser producing states are Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab,
Kerala where half of the fertiliser is produced. Other states are Andhra Pradesh,
Orissa, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Assam, West Bengal, Goa, Delhi, Madhya
Pradesh and Karnataka.

Question 26.
Describe the cement industry in India with special reference to the uses of element and its
expansion.
Answer:
The main facts about the cement industry in India are as given below :

1. Uses : Cement is used for construction of buildings, factories, dams, airports, roads
and other commercial complexes.
2. Raw materials : Bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and
gypsum are used in it. Besides this, it needs coal, electric power and rail
transportation.
3. Location of plants :
1. First cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904. However,decontrol of price
and distribution and policy reforms since 1989 led to its expansion.
 2. There are 128 large plants and 332 mini-cement plants in the country.
3. Some plants have been strategically located in Gujarat. These plants have
suitable access to the market in the Gulf countries.
4. Present position of the industry : Good quality of cement of India has great
demand in Last Asia, Middle East, Africa and South Asia as well as in the
country. At present the cement industry is doing well in terms of production as
well as export. Efforts are being made
togenerate adequate domestic demand and supply in order to sustain the
industry.

Question 27.
What are the advantages of automobiles ? What are the factors responsible or the healthy
growth of automobile industry ? Which are the main centers of automobile industry ?
Answer:

1. Advantages : Automobiles provide vehicles for quick transport of good services and
passengers.
2. Liberalisation, foreign direct investment, new and contemporary models are factors
responsible for the healthy growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and
three- wheelers.
3. Manufacturing : Trucks, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three-wheelers and
multiutility vehicles are manufactured in India at various centers.
4. Location of industry : Around Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata,
Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bangalore.
5. Number of manufacturers : At present, the number of manufacturers are as
given below :
1. Passenger cars and multi-utility vehicles – 15
2. Commercial vehicles – 09
3. Two and three-wheelers – 14

Question 28.
Name the electronic capital of India. Write characteristics of IT and electronic industry of
India.
Answer:

1. Bangalore is the electronic capital of India.

2. The main characteristics of the electronic industry are as mentioned below :
1. Products of electronics industry : Transistor sets, television, telephones,
cellular telecom, pagers, radars, computers and many other equipment
required by the telecommunication industry.
2. Centers : Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata,
Lucknow and Coimbatore.
3. Software Technology Parks : 18 parks which provide single window service
and high data communication facility to software experts.
4. Employment : Up to 31st March, 2005, the IT industry employed over one
million persons. It is likely to increase to 8 million in next three to four years.
30 per cent employees are women in this industry.
5. Foreign exchange : It earns lot of foreign exchange due to fast growing
Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.
Question 29.
Describe the method of treatment of industrial effluents.
Answer:
Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases as given below :

• Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding,

flocculation and sedimentation.
• Secondary treatment by biological process.
• Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves
recycling of wastewater.

Question 30.
Describe the ways by which the NTPC has preserved the natural environment and other
resources like water.
Answer:
NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification for EMS
(Environment Management System) 14001. The Corporation has taken following steps for
preserving the natural environment and resources like water :

• Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing

equipment.
• Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
• Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of
special purpose vehicles for afforestation.
• Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling
system and liquid waste management.
• Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power
stations.
Thus, by taking above steps, the NTPC has shown the was to the people for
preserving the natural environment.

MAP QUESTIONS

Question 1.
On the outline map of India, show major places of following industries :

1. Cotton textile
2. Woollen textile
3. Silk textile
4. Synthetic textile.

Answer:
Major places of above industries are given below :

1. Cotton Textile : Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Porbandar, Vadodara, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai,

Coimbatore, Madurai, Moradabad, Agra, Kanpur, Murshidabad, Haora and Hugli.
2. Woollen Textile : Ahmedabad, Jamnagar, Mumbai, Bangalore, Bikaner, Panipat,
Gurgaon, Jaipur, Shahjahanpur, Gwalior, Kanpur, Srinagar, Amritsar and Ludhiana.
3. Silk Textile : Kolar, Bangalore, Mysore, Belgaon, Murshidabad, Varanasi,
Baramulla, Srinagar and Anantnag.
 4. Synthetic Textile : Amritsar, Gwalior, Ahmedabad, Surat, and Murshidabad.

Question 2.
On the outline map of India show the major iron and steel plants.
Answer:
The major iron and steel plants are shown as given below :

1. Bokaro
2. Jamshedpur
3. Raurkela
4. Bhilai
5. Durgapur
6. Vijaynagar
7. Bhadravati
8. Salem
9. Vishakhapatnam
 10. Burnpur

Question 3.
On the outline map of India show the major Software Technology Parks.
Answer:
There are 18 Software Technology Parks that provide single window service and high data
communication facility to software experts. They are at Mohali, Srinagar, Noida, Jaipur,
Gandhinagar, Indore, Mumbai, Pune, Mysore, Bangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, Chennai,
Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Vishakhapatnam, Bhubaneshwar, Kolkata and Guwahati.See map
given below :

Question 4.
Six features with serial numbers (1) to (6) are marked in the given political outline map of
India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their
correct names on the lines marked in the map.

• Woollen textile
• Silk textile
• Cotton textile
• Iron and steel plant
• Software technology park
• Iron and steel plant.
Answer:

1. Woollen textile — Ludhiana

2. Silk textile — Srinagar
3. Cotton textile — Ahmedabad
4. Iron and steel plant — Salem
5. Software technology park — Noida
6. Iron and steel plant — Bumpur
See map given below:
Question 1.

Which one of the following has been major source of foreign exchange for IT industry?

(a) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)

(b) Oil India Limited (OIL)

(c) Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)

(d) Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Answer

Answer: (d) Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Question 2.

In what ratio are iron ore, coking coal and limestone required to make steel?

(a) 4 : 2 : 1

(b) 4 : 1 : 2

(c) 4 : 3 : 1

(d) 4 : 3 : 2

Answer

Answer: (a) 4 : 2 : 1

Question 3.

Which one of the following groups of factors is a prime group for the location of aluminium
smelting plant?

(a) Capital and market

(b) Raw material and electricity

(c) Labour and raw material

(d) Capital and transport

Answer

Answer: (b) Raw material and electricity

Question 4.

Which one of the following is not true regarding the National Jute Policy of 2005?

(a) Creating awareness about the use of biodegradable materials

(b) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers

(c) Increasing productivity

(d) Improving quality of jute

Answer

Answer: (a) Creating awareness about the use of biodegradable materials

Question 5.

What is per capita consumption of steel per annum in India?

(a) 28 kg

(b) 30 kg

(c) 32 kg

(d) 34 kg

Answer

Answer: (c) 32 kg
Question 6.

Which of the following factors are not necessary to set up an iron and steel plant?

(a) Proximity to iron-ore mines

(b) Availability of coking coal

(c) Good resources of limestone and manganese

(d) Nearness to a water body to discharge wastes

Answer

Answer: (d) Nearness to a water body to discharge wastes

Question 7.

Air pollution is caused by

(a) Organic and inorganic industrial effluents discharged into rivers.

(b) Presence of high proportion of sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and air-borne
particulate materials.

(c) Unwanted sounds from industries, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills.

(d) Overdrawing of groundwater.

Answer

Answer: (b) Presence of high proportion of sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and air-borne
particulate materials.

Question 8.

Most of the integrated steel plants in India are located in

(a) Malwa Plateau

(b) Bundelkhand Plateau

(c) Meghalaya Plateau

(d) Chotanagpur Plateau

Answer

Answer: (d) Chotanagpur Plateau

Question 9.

Which are the two prime factors for the location of aluminium industry?

(a) Market and labour

(b) Transport network and water supply

(c) Cheap and regular supply of electricity and bauxite

(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (c) Cheap and regular supply of electricity and bauxite

Question 10.

The first cement plant was set up in India in 1904 in

(a) Jamshedpur

(b) Hyderabad

(c) Nagpur

(d) Chennai

Answer
Answer: (d) Chennai

Question 11.

Which one of the following groups of states have the largest number of cotton textile centres?

(a) Gujarat and Maharashtra

(b) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

(c) Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh

(d) Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat

Answer

Answer: (a) Gujarat and Maharashtra

Question 12.

Which of the following group of factors is a prime group for the location of aluminium
smelting plant?

(a) Capital and Market

(b) Raw material and Electricity

(c) Labour and Raw material

(d) Capital and Transport

Answer

Answer: (b) Raw material and Electricity

Question 13.
Which one of the following countries has the largest installed capacity of spindles in the
world?

(a) India

(b) China

(c) USA

(d) Britain

Answer

Answer: (b) China

Question 14.

Which one of the following cities is known as electronic capital of India ?

(a) Srinagar

(b) Noida

(c) Bengaluru

(d) Pune

Answer

Answer: (c) Bengaluru

Question 15.

The first successful textile mill was established in:

(a) Delhi

(b) Vishakhapatnam

(c) Chennai

(d) Mumbai (Bombay)

Answer

Answer: (d) Mumbai (Bombay)

Question 16.

Manufacturing Industries are placed in:

(a) Primary sector

(b) Secondary sector

(c) Tertiary sector

(d) Service sector

Answer

Answer: (b) Secondary sector

Question 17.

Which one of the following air services provides services to Oil and Natural Gas Commission
in its off-shore operations?

(a) Indian Airlines

(b) Air India

(c) Pawan hans Helicopters LTD

(d) Alliance

Answer

Answer: (c) Pawanhans Helicopters LTD

Question 18.
The first successful textile mill was established in:

(a) Delhi

(b) Vishakhapatnam

(c) Chennai

(d) Mumbai (Bombay)

Answer

Answer: (d) Mumbai (Bombay)

Question 19.

What is the correct meaning of agglomeration economies?

(a) Many industries set up in rural centres

(b) Industries are basically agro-based.

(c) Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban
centres

(d) Industries set up produce raw material for secondary sector.

Answer

Answer: (c) Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by
the urban centres

Question 20.

Which of the following industries has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last few
years?

(a) Electronics Industry

(b) Information Technology Industry

(c) Engineering Industry

(d) Tourism Industry

Answer

Answer: (b) Information Technology Industry

Question 21.

Which of the following is an electronics industry?

(a) HMT, Bengaluru

(b) TISCO, Jamshedpur

(c) BHEL, Hyderabad

(d) BALCO, Korba

Answer

Answer: (c) BHEL, Hyderabad

Question 22.

Which of the following is a negative effect of industrialisation?

(a) Economic growth

(b) Pollution

(c) Foreign exchange earnings

(d) Rapid urbanisation

Answer

Answer: (b) Pollution

Question 23.

Which of the following industries is the largest consumer of chemicals?

(a) Fertilisers

(b) Textiles

(c) Chemicals

(d) Paper

Answer

Answer: (c) Chemicals

Question 24.

Sixty percent of sugar mills are concentrated in which of the following states?

(a) Punjab and Haryana

(b) Maharashtra and Gujarat

(c) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

(d) West Bengal and Orissa

Answer

Answer: (c) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

Question 25.

When and where was the first successful textile mill established in India?

(a) In Ahmedabad in 1858

(b) In Chennai in 1954

(c) In Kolkata in 1816

(d) In Mumbai in 1854

Answer

Answer: (d) In Mumbai in 1854

Match the following:

Column A Column B

(i) Software technology park a. Bhadravati

(ii) Iron and steel plant b. Amritsar

(iii) Cotton textile industry c. Murshidabad

(iv) Silk textile industry d. Bengaluru

(v) Woollen textile industry e. Shahjahanpur

Answer

Answer:

Column A Column B

(i) Software technology park d. Bengaluru

(ii) Iron and steel plant a. Bhadravati

(iii) Cotton textile industry e. Shahjahanpur

(iv) Silk textile industry c. Murshidabad

(v) Woollen textile industry b. Amritsar

Give full form of the following:

SAIL
 BHEL

TISCO

OIL

GDP

NTPC

BPO

STPI

EMS

NMCC

Answer

Answer:

SAIL — Steel Authority of India Limited

BHEL — Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

TISCO — Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited

OIL — Oil India Limited

GDP — Gross Domestic Product

NTPC — National Thermal Power Corporation

BPO — Business Processes Outsourcing

STPI — Software Technology Park of India

EMS — Environment Management System

NMCC — National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council

Manufacturing Industries

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 MCQ Question 1. Which one of the following cities has
emerged as the ‘electronic capital’ of India?[All India 2012]

(a) Delhi

(b) Kolkata

(c) Bengaluru

(d) Hyderabad

Answer

Answer: c

2. Which one of the following factors plays the most important role in the location of an
industry in a particular region? [Delhi 2012]

(a) Raw material

(b) Market

(c) Least production cost

(d) Transport

Answer

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 MCQ With Answer: c

3. Which of the following industries is not a heavy industriy.

(a) Cotton textile

(b) Cement

(c) Iron and Steel

(d) Ship building

Answer

Answer: a

4. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.?

(a) Cement

(b) Iron and Steel

(c) Electronic

(d) Chemical

Answer

Answer: c

Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 MCQ Question 5. Which one of the following public sector
plants is located in Chhattisgarh? [Foreign 2011]

(a) Bokaro Steel Plant

(b) Bhilai Steel Plant

(c) Durgapur Steel Plant

(d) Rourkela Steel Plant

Answer

Answer: b

6. Which one of the following agencies, markets steel for the public sector plants?

(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL

(c) TATA Steel

(d) MNCC

Answer

Answer: b

7. Which one of the following is not a centre of Automobile industry ?

(a) Chennai

(b) Bengaluru

(c) Jamshedpur

(d) Coimbatore

Answer

Answer: d

8. Leading centre of woollen textile industry in Punjab

(a) Kanpur

(b) Ludhiana

(c) Murshidabad

(d) Panipat

Answer

Answer: d
9. TISCO is

(a) Joint Sector Industry

(b) Private Sector Industry

(c) Co-operative Sector Industry

(d) Public Sector Industry

Answer

Answer: b

10. Iron and Steel industry requires Iron ore, coking coal and limestone in which of the
following proportions?

(a) 2 : 3 : 1

(b) 4 : 2 : 1

(c) 1 : 2 : 3

(d) 2 : 3 : 4

Answer

Answer: b

11. Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material? (Textbook)

(a) Aluminium

(b) Cement

(c) Sugar

(d) Jute

Answer
Answer: b

12. Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(Textbook)

(a) HAIL

(b) SAIL

(c) Tata Steel

(d) MNCC

Answer

Answer: b

MCQ Of Manufacturing Industries Question 13. Which one of the following industries uses
bauxite as a raw material? (Textbook)

(a) Aluminium

(b) Cement

(c) Jute

(d) Steel

Answer

Answer: d

14. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers, etc.?

(a) Steel

(b) Electronic

(c) Aluminium
(d) Information Technology

Answer

Answer: b

15. The processing of raw material into more valuable products falls under the category of

(a) Secondary activities

(b) Tertiary activities

(c) Primary activities

(d) None of the above

Answer

Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 MCQ With Answer: a

16. Which of the following statements regarding manufacturing is not true?

(a) Manufacturing helps in modernising agriculture.

(b) Development of manufacturing industries is a precondition for eradication of

unemployment and poverty.

(c) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed
foreign exchange.

(d) Manufacturing puts the country into a debt trap.

Answer

Answer: d

17. Which one of the following does not influence industrial location?
(a) Raw material

(b) Capital and power

(c) Market and labour

(d) Underground railway line

Answer

Answer: d

MCQ Questions On Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Question 18. Industries that use
minerals as raw material are called

(a) Agro-based industries

(b) Forest-based industries

(c) Basic industries

(d) Mineral-based industries

Answer

Answer: d

19. Cotton textile industry is a

(a) Forest-based industry

(b) Key industry

(c) Agro-based industry

(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: c
20. The industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers are called

(a) Key industry

(b) Small-scale industry

(c) Consumer industry

(d) Heavy industry

Answer

Answer: c

21. The first cotton mill of India was set up in

(a) Ahmedabad

(b) Kolkata

(c) Mumbai

(d) Coimbatore

Answer

Answer: c

22. Which country is the major importer of Indian yarn?

(a) Indonesia

(b) Bhutan

(c) Japan

(d) Spain

Answer
Answer: c

23. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding spinning sector in India?

(a) Spinning mills are mostly located in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

(b) India has world-class production in spinning.

(c) Our spinning mills are capable of using all the fibres we produce.

(d) Most of the yam we produce is used by our local weavers.

Answer

Answer: d

24. Most of India’s jute mills are located on the banks of

(a) Alaknanda river

(b) Son river

(c) Hooghly river

(d) Yamuna river

Answer

Answer: c

25. Which of the following is not a private sector industry?

(a) Dabur Industries

(b) Bajaj Auto Ltd.

(c) SAIL
(d) TISCO

Answer

Answer: c

26. The first cement plant was set up in India in 1904 in

(a) Jamshedpur

(b) Hyderabad

(c) Nagpur

(d) Chennai

Answer

Answer: d

27. Which marketing body does all public sector undertakings market their steel through?

(a) TISCO

(b) NTPC

(c) SAIL

(d) BHEL

Answer

Answer: c

28. Which are the two prime factors for the location of aluminium industry?

(a) Market and labour

(b) Transport network and water supply

(c) Cheap and regular supply of electricity and bauxite

(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: c

29. Which two states are more famous for their cotton textile industry?

(a) Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab

(b) Maharashtra and Gujarat

(c) Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

(d) Assam and West Bengal

Answer

Answer: b

30. Most of the integrated steel plants in India are located in

(a) Malwa Plateau

(b) Bundelkhand Plateau

(c) Meghalaya Plateau

(d) Chotanagpur Plateau

Answer

Answer: d
MCQ On Manufacturing Industries Question 31. The Software Technology Parks are set up
by the government to provide

(a) Skilled software professionals

(b) Capital to start a software company

(c) Single window service and high-speed data communication facility to software experts

(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: c

32. Air pollution is caused by

(a) Organic and inorganic industrial effluents discharged into rivers.

(b) Presence of high proportion of sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and air-borne
particulate materials.

(c) Unwanted sounds from industries, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills.

(d) Overdrawing of groundwater.

Answer

Answer: b

33. Which of the following are the major water polluting industries?

(i) Tanneries

(ii) Chemical industries Brick kilns

(iii) Refineries

(iv) Brick kilns

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (iii) and (iv)

(c) (i) and (iv)

(d) (ii) and (iii)

Answer

Answer: a

MCQ Of Chapter Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Question 34. Which of the following
factors are not necessary to set up an iron and steel plant?

(a) Proximity to iron-ore mines

(b) Availability of coking coal

(c) Good resources of limestone and manganese

(d) Nearness to a water body to discharge wastes

Answer

Answer: d

35. In which State is the Bhilai Steel Plant located?

(a) Bihar

(b) Jharkhand

(c) Chhattisgarh

(d) Uttarakhand

Answer

Answer: c
36. SAIL is an example of ___________ industry.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: Public Sector

37. The first textile mill was set up at ___________ .

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: Mumbai

38. India exports jute goods to ___________ .

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: France

39. Silencers can be used to control ___________ .

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: Noise pollution

MCQ On Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Question 40. The employees employed in the
manufacturing of the car belongs to the ___________ .
Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: Secondary Sector

41. ___________ region has the maximum concentration of iron and s’teel industries.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: Chhotanagpur region.

42. The sugar industry is well suited to the cooperative sector. (True/False)

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: True

43. Coir industry is an example of cooperative sector. (True/False)

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: True

44. India is the largest producer of Sponge Iron. (True/False)

Answer/Explanation
Answer:

Explanation: True

45. The Dabur industry is a public sector industry. (True/False)

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: False

46. Edible oil industry is an example of the agro based industry. (True/False)

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: True

MCQ Questions On Manufacturing Industries Question 47. Match the columns

Column A Column B

(a) Leading centre of Automobile industry (i) Mumbai

(b) A software technology park (ii) Gurgaon

(c) Software (iii) Chhattisgarh

(d) A leading centre of cotton textile (iv) Bhubaneswar

(e) Bhilai Steel Plant (v) Thiruvananthapuram

Answer/Explanation
Answer:

Explanation:

(a) (ii)

(b) (iv)

(c) (v)

(d) (i)

(e) (iii)

48. In which sector are the manufacturing industries placed?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: Secondary sector

49. State any two components through which country’s economic growth of measured?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

(a) Development of manufacturing industries

(b) Development of agriculture

50. What was the philosophy behind setting up public sector industries and joint ventures in
India?

Answer/Explanation
Answer:

Explanation:

Eradication of unemployment and poverty from India.

51. With what aim were industries established in the tribal and backward areas?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

To bring down regional disparities between the developed regions and backwards areas.

52. What is NMCC?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council.

53. Which factor is considered as the most prominent one in the industrial location in a
region?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Availability of raw materials is considered the most prominent factor in the industrial
location in a region.
54. Name the main advantages provided by cities to industries.

Or

Which advantage is provided by agglomeration cities to industries?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Market and services are the main advantages provided by cities to industries.

55. What are agglomeration economies?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban
centres. This is known as agglomeration economies.

56. Which key factors influence the location of an industry?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Cost, government policies and specialised labour influence the location of industry.

57. To which sector does the textile industry belong to?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

The textile industry is an example of the agro-based industry.

58. On what basis are the small scale and large scale industries classified?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Small scale and large scale industries are classified on the basis of capital investment.

59. Oil India Limited (OIL) belongs to which type of industry?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: Joint sector industries

60. Which industry, due to its seasonal nature, is ideally suited to the cooperative sector?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: Sugar industry

61. Name two industries belonging to the category of heavy industries.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Shipbuilding and iron and steel industries.

62. Which techniques of cotton textile production came into use after the 18th century?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

The powerloom technique of cotton textile production came into use after the 18th century.

63. Where was the first successful textile mill established in India?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in India.

64. Which groups of states have the largest number of cotton textile centres?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explanation: Gujarat and Maharashtra

65. Name any two countries which import Cotton from India. (any two)

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

(i) Japan

(ii) U.S.A.

(iii) U.K.

(iv) Russia

(v) Sri Lanka

(vi) Nepal

66. Which country has the largest installed capacity of spindles in the world?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: China

67. Where are most of the jute mills located in India?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:
Most of the jute mills are located in West Bengal on the banks of Hugh river.

68. State any two objectives behind the formulation of National Jute Policy, 2005.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices and enhancing the yield per
hectare. (any two)

69. Name any two countries that compete Indian jute industry.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. (any two)

70. Why has the jute industry become more popular recently?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

The global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials and its durability has
once again made jute products more popular.

71. In which states are the majority of sugar mills concentrated?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

The majority of sugar mills are concentrated in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

72. Sugar industry is ideally suited to the co-operative sector? Give reasons.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

(a) The industry is seasonal in nature.

(b) The industry is dependent on raw material.

Manufacturing Industries MCQ Question 73. What are the challenges before sugar industry.
Mention any one .

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Old and inefficient methods of production.

74. State any one feature of Iron and Steel Industry.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explanation:

Iron and steel is a heavy industry because all the raw materials as well as finished goods are
heavy and bulky entraining heavy transportation costs.

75. Which region in India has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industry in India?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Chhotanagpur plateau region.

76. Name two factors that have given a boost to iron and steel industry in India.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Liberalisation and foreign direct investment.

77. What is the use of automobiles?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Automobiles provide vehicles for quick transport of goods, services and passengers.

78. Name the major centres of the automobile industry.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad,

Jamshedpur and Bengaluru.

79. Which industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last few years?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Information Technology has been the major foreign exchange earner in the last few years.

80. What does the software technology park provide?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

The software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication
facility to software experts.

81. Name any two industries that are respon-sible for water pollution?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:
Explanation:

Textile, dying and petroleum refineries (any two)

82. Name any two major solid wastes produced by industries.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Fly ash phospo-gypsum and iron and steel slags. (any two)

83. What are the harmful effects of nuclear energy?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Wastes from nuclear plants cause cancer, birth defects and miscarriages.

84. Mention the effects of noise pollution.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

(a) Noise pollution causes imitation and anger.

(b) It can cause hearing impairment and can also cause high blood pressure and physiological
effects.
85. What is the criteria used to measure the strength of a country?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing

industries.

86. How can industrialization assist in bringing in foreign exchange?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Industrialization assists in bringing foreign exchange through the export of manufactured

goods.

87. Why is the Steel Authority of India said to be a public sector undertaking?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

The Steel Authority of India is a public sector industry because it is owned and operated by
government agencies.

88. Where was the first cement plant set up in India?

Answer/Explanation
Answer:

Explanation:

The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904.

89. Which industry manufactures telephones, computer etc.?

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation: Electronic

90. Name the industry which uses limestone as its main raw material.

Answer/Explanation

Answer:

Explanation:

Cement and iron and steel industry