TRAINING PACK FOR

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Bhilai Steel Plant

SWING Consortium

1
 SAFETY SHARING

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 ABOUT THIS TRAINING

• AUDIENCE
• ALL EXCUTIVES AND NON EXECUTIVES WHO CARRY
OUT WORK ON ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
• SOME PARTS OF THE PACK MAY NOT APPLY TO ALL
• OBJECTIVES
• OBJECTIVE OF THIS TRAINING SHALL BE FOR THE AUDIENCE TO
• APPRECIATE HAZARDS OF WORKING WITH ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND
THEIR MITIGATION MEASURES
• UNDERSTAND THE RISK INVOLVED AND CARE THAT NEEDS TO BE TAKEN
• UNDERSTAND THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE STANDARD
• UNDERSTAND THE PERMITS IF ANY REQUIRED TO CARRY OUT WORK AT SITE

• DURATION
• DURATION OF THE TRAINING SHALL BE FULL DAY
• DURATION CAN BE LESS IF ONLY PARTS OF THE TRAINING IS REQUIRED

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 CONTENTS – ELECTRICAL SAFETY

• ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
• GENERIC SAFEGUARDS
• EARTHING
• SWITCH GEAR OPERATION ESSENTIALS
• TAGS
• ISOLATION BASICS
• TEMPORARY CONNECTIONS
• INSPECTION OF CABLE TUNNELS / GALLERIES
• WELDING SAFETY
• PERMITS / CHECKLISTS
• REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
• ELECTRICAL INCIDENTS

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 BASIC SIX STEPS TO SAFETY

1. THINK – BE AWARE
2. UNDERSTAND PROCEDURES
3. FOLLOW PROCEDURES
4. USE APPROPRIATE SAFETY EQUIPMENT
5. IF NOT SURE, ASK; DO NOT ASSUME
6. DO NOT ANSWER IF YOU DO NOT KNOW

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

6
 BASIC ELECTRICAL SAFETY - VIDEO

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 ELECTRICITY IS MORE HAZARDOUS

Electrical Injuries are Relatively More Severe

1 Fatal 1 Fatal

30 Lost Time

10 Recordable 300 Recordable

30,000 Near Miss

Electrical Hazards
300,000 At Risk

General Safety Hazards

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 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

• GENERALLY ELECTRICAL HAZARDS ARE EITHER

DIRECT OR INDIRECT
• DIRECT HAZARDS
• SHOCK
• BURNS
• ARC FLASH
• ARC BLAST
• STATIC CHARGE HAZARDS
• INDIRECT HAZARDS
• FALL
• DROP TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
• FIRES
• SECONDARY FIRES FROM ARC FLASH / BLAST

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 COMMON CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL
ACCIDENTS

• ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS MAY BE CAUSED BY:

• CONTACT WITH THE LIVE PARTS
• FAULTY DESIGNS
• IMPROPER INSTALLATION OF EQUIPMENT
• POOR MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT
• IMPROPER USE OF EQUIPMENT
• POOR GROUNDING / EARTHING OR A FLOATING EARTH
CONDITION WHERE NOT DESIRED

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 COMMON CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL
ACCIDENTS

COMMON CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS

INCLUDE
• CARELESSNESS ESPECIALLY WHEN IN RUSH
• LOSS OF CONCENTRATION ESPECIALLY WHEN UNDER
STRESS
• CASUAL APPROACH MAINLY DUE TO
OVERCONFINDENCE
• NON- VERIFICATION THAT EQUIPMENT IS DE-ENERGIZED
• UNDOCUMENTED MODIFICATION/DESIGN CHANGES
• LACK OF COMPETENCE OR KNOWLEDGE OF THE
PARTICULAR SYSTEMS/EQUIPMENT
• NOT AWARE OF SAFETY STANDARDS & WORK
INSTRUCTIONS
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 COMMON CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL
ACCIDENTS

• OPENING A WRONG PANEL

• WORKING WITHOUT PERMIT
• IMPROPER GROUNDING/EARTHING
• BACK FEEDING
• INCOMPLETE ISOLATION OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
• IMPROPER TOOLS
• MULTIPLE POWER SOURCES
• WORKING IN EHT YARDS
• DURING ELECTRICAL TESTING
• INDUCED VOLTAGE
• LACK OF SUPERVISION / COMMUNICATION
• OVER CONFIDENCE, IMPROPER ISOLATION, TEMPORARY
CONNECTION

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 ELECTRIC SHOCK

SEVERITY OF SHOCK DEPENDS

ON
• CURRENT (AC / DC &
FREQUENCY)
• LEVEL AND TYPE OF
VOLTAGE (LV / MV / HV / EHV)
• PATH THROUGH BODY
• DURATION OF SHOCK Cardiac arrest and
respiratory failure

EVEN A VOLTAGE AS LOW AS 50

VOLTS AND CURRENT AS LOW
AS 10 MA CAN BE FATAL.

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 ELECTRIC SHOCK

• RECEIVED WHEN CURRENT

PASSES THROUGH THE
BODY
• SEVERITY OF THE SHOCK
DEPENDS ON:
• PATH OF CURRENT
THROUGH THE BODY
• AMOUNT OF CURRENT
FLOWING THROUGH
THE BODY
• LENGTH OF TIME THE
BODY IS IN THE CIRCUIT
• LOW VOLTAGE
DOES NOT MEAN
LOW HAZARD
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 AC VS DC

AC 50/60 Hz DC Effect
0.4 mA 1 mA Slight sensa on
1-10 mA 5.2-62 mA Painful sensa on
10-16 mA 76 mA Paralysis of arms,
cannot release grip
23-30 mA 90 mA Respiratory paralysis,
obstruc ve breathing
75-250 mA 500 mA Ventricular fibrilla on,
heart starts quivering
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 DC Vs AC EFFECT ON BODY

DC SUPPLY AC SUPPLY
1 DOES NOT PRODUCE CONVULSIVE PRODUCES CONVULSIVE REACTION
REACTION
2 AT HIGH VOLTAGE & CURRENT HURLS THE VICTIM TEMDS TO ”STICK” TO SHOCK SOURCE
VISTIM AWAY
3 PRODUCES ELCTROLYSIS EFFECT IN HUMAN DOES NOT PRODUCE ELECTROLYSIS EFFECT
BODY
4 PRODUCES VENTRICULAR FIBRATION ONCE PRODUCES VENTRICULAR FIBRATION IN EVERY
CYCLE

• 50 Hz AC IS MORE LETHAL FOR HUMAN BODY THAN 2000 Hz OR 5Hz AC SINCE

AT 50 OR 60Hz ELECTRICAL PULSES FROM THE SHOCK STIMULATE THE BODY
MUSCLES AND INTERFERE WOITH OUR NERVOUS SYSTEM
• 50 mA , 50 Hz AC CAUSES VENTRICULAR FIBRILATION
• FOR DC THIS IS 150 mA

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 EFFECTS OF CURRENT - AC

• LOW CURRENT < 3mA – TINGLING

• SLIGHTLY HIGHER CURRENT <10 mA- MILD TO
SEVERE SHOCK
• STILL HIGHER > 10mA– CAUSE PARALYSIS, CAN NOT
RELEASE LIVE PART DUE TO TEMPORARY
MUSCULAR PARALYSIS CAUSING INCREASED
DURATION OF SHOCK
• STILL HIGHER, 30mA – RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS
• STILL HIGHER>50mA– MAY AFFECT ELECTRICAL
ACTIVITY OF HEART LIKE FIBRILLATION
• >4A – TISSUE BURNING

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 SKIN RESISTANCE TO SHOCKS

CONDITION RESISTANCE (OHMS)

DRY WET
FINGER TOUCH 40,000 - 1,000,000 4,000 - 15,000
HAND HOLDING WIRE 15,000 - 50,000 3,000 - 6,000
FINGER THUMB GRASP 10,000 - 30,000 2,000 - 5,000
HAND HOLDING 5,000 - 10,000 1,000 - 3,000
PLIERS
PALM TOUCH 3,000 - 8,000 1,000 - 2,000
HAND AROUND 1 1/2 1,000 - 3,000 500 - 1,500
PIPE
HAND IMMERSED - 200 - 500
FOOT IMMERSED - 100 - 300
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 DETERMINANTS OF SHOCK SEVERITY

ELECTRIC CURRENT PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT VOLTAGE REQUIRED TO PRODUCE

(1 SECOND CONTACT) THE CURRENT WITH ASSUMED BODY
RESISTANCE
100,000 ohms 1,000 ohms
(dry) (sweaty)
1 mA THRESHOLD OF FEELING, TINGLING 100 V 1V
SENSATION.
3 mA PAINFUL SHOCK WHICH MAY CAUSE 300 V 3V
INDIRECT ACCIDENTS
5 mA ACCEPTED AS MAXIMUM HARMLESS 500 V 5V
CURRENT
10-20 mA BEGINNING OF SUSTAINED MUSCULAR 1000 V 10 V
CONTRACTION ("CAN'T LET GO" FEELING)
30 mA LUNG PARALYSIS- USUALLY TEMPORARY 3000 V 30 V
50 mA POSSIBLE VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION 5,000 V 50 V
(HEART DYSFUNCTION, USUALLY FATAL)
100-300 mA CERTAIN VENTRICULAR DEFIBRILLATION, 10,000 V 100 V
FATAL
4 Amps HEART PARALYSIS, SEVERE BURNS 400,000 V 400 V
5 Amps FLESH BURNS, DEFIBRILLATION, 500,000 V 500 V
TEMPORARY RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS

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 VOLTAGE

• VOLTAGE DETERMINES THE CURRENT SENT THROUGH THE BODY

• VOLTAGE REQUIRED TO SENT GIVEN CURRENT THROUGH THE BODY
DEPENDS ON THE RESISTANCE
• FACTORS INFLUENCING BODY RESISTANCE
• WET OR DRY SKIN
• AREA AND PRESSURE OF THE BODY
• AGE, SIZE AND PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE PERSON
• INCLUSION OF METAL OBJECTS LIKE JEWELRY IN SHOCK CURRENT PATH
• PATH CREATED FOR FLOW OF CURRENT (STANDING ON EARTH OR TOUCHING
ANOTHER CONDUCTOR ETC.)

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 PATH THROUGH BODY

• THROUGH SKIN ONLY- LESS DANGEROUS

• THROUGH HEART CAN CAUSE HEART FAILURE
• THROUGH RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – CAUSE
BREATHING PARALYSIS.

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 DURATION

• LONG DURATION CAN CAUSE BURNING OF TISSUES

• BUT EVEN SMALL DURATION OF CURRENT PASSING
THROUGH VITAL ORGANS CAN CAUSE ITS FAILURE
LEADING TO DEATH OR PERMANENT DAMAGE.

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 BURNS

• ELECTRIC SHOCK CAUSES LOCAL BURNS BUT

ARC FLASH CAN CAUSE EXTENSIVE BURNS IN
FACE, CHEST, BACK AND LIMBS.
• FIRST DEGREE BURN- SUPERFICIAL BURNS ON
THE SKIN, PAINFUL BUT NO PERMANENT DAMAGE.
• SECOND DEGREE BURN- SKIN AND GROWTH
TISSUES ARE BURNT. GROWTH OF SKIN IS SLOW.
USUALLY LEAVES SCAR.
• THIRD DEGREE BURN- SKIN AND GROWTH
GLANDS ARE ALSO BURNT. SKIN CAN NOT GROW
WITHOUT GRAFTING. LEAVES SCAR AND SOME
PERMANENT DAMAGE.

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 ARC FLASH

• ARC FLASH CAN CAUSE

MANY OF THE
FOLLOWING INJURIES
• SHOCK
• BURNS
• BLINDNESS
• DEAFNESS
• CAN BURN ALMOST ANY
TYPE OF CLOTHES
INCREASING DANGER
OF SECONDARY BURNS.
• ARC FLASH CAN CAUSE
SECOND DEGREE
BURNS AT VERY LARGE
DISTANCE.

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 ARC BLAST

• IN CONFINED SPACE ARCING HEATS UP AIR RAPIDLY

• AIR EXPANDS RAPIDLY
• CAN BLOW OUT PANEL DOORS, SHATTER
INSULATORS AND EVEN KNOCK DOWN WALLS
• THROW MOLTEN METAL OVER LARGE DISTANCE
• CAN PUNCTURE EAR DRUM
• NORMAL PANEL DOORS ARE NOT DESIGNED TO
WITHSTAND ARC BLAST PRESSURE. SPECIALLY
DESIGNED PANEL DOORS ARE NEEDED.

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 ARC FLASH VIDEO

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 HAZARDS FROM STATIC CHARGE

• STATIC CHARGE ACCUMULATES ON HUMAN BODY

SPECIALLY DURING WINTER BY RUBBING AGAINST
CLOTHES
• IT MAY ALSO BE PASSED THROUGH TOUCHING
CHARGED SURFACE
• RAPID TRANSFER OF ELECTRIC CHARGE TO AND
FROM HUMAN BODY CAN GIVE SEVERE ELECTRIC
SHOCK
• ELECTRIC CHARGE DEVELOPS WHEN LIQUID PASSES
THROUGH PIPE LINES BOTH ON LIQUID AS WELL AS
PIPE AND STRUCTURES

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 HAZARDS FROM STATIC CHARGE

STATIC CHARGE ACCUMULATES DURING

• AGITATION OR MIXING OF LIQUID OR SOLID
MATERIAL.
• TRANSFER OF MATERIAL
• RUNNING ON BELT CONVEYOR
• PNEUMATIC CONVEYING

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 HAZARDS FROM STATIC CHARGE

FILLING INFLAMMABLE LIQUID

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 INDIRECT HAZARDS

• SHOCK CAN CAUSE PERSON TO FALL DOWN FROM

HEIGHT AND CAUSE FRACTURES OR DEATH
• PERSON MAY FALL ON THE LIVE CONDUCTOR AND
CONTINUE RECEIVING SHOCK TILL HELP IS
AVAILABLE
• PERSON MAY DROP TOOLS ETC. ON LIVE PARTS
CAUSING ARC FLASH
• SHORT CIRCUITS CAN CAUSE FIRES LEADING TO
LARGE SCALE DEATHS AND INJURIES.
• ARC FLASH CAN START SECONDARY FIRES.

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SAFEGUARDS

31
 GENERIC SAFEGUARDS

• SAFEGUARDS FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK

• SAFEGUARDS FROM ARC FLASH
• SAFEGUARDS FROM STATIC ELECTRICITY
• SAFEGUARDS FROM INDIRECT HAZARDS

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 SHOCK PROTECTION

STRATEGIES THAT ARE USED

• REDUCE SHOCK VOLTAGE TO VERY LOW LEVEL BY
EARTHING
• REDUCE SHOCK CURRENT BY INCREASING
RESISTANCE BETWEEN MAN AND TOUCHED PART
AND BETWEEN MAN AND EARTH.
• SENSE LEAKAGE TO EARTH AND TRIP SUPPLY

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 SHOCK PROTECTION

PROTECTION AGAINST DIRECT CONTACT

• INSULATION OF LIVE PARTS & BY SHEATHING, CONDUIT, ETC.
• PROVISION OF BARRIERS, OBSTACLES OR ENCLOSURES TO PREVENT
TOUCHING .
• USE OF RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICES (RCD’S). THIS PROVIDES
SUPPLEMENTARY PROTECTION BUT ONLY WHEN CONTACT IS MADE
BETWEEN THE LIVE PART AND EARTHED PART.
PROTECTION AGAINST INDIRECT CONTACT:
• MAKING SURE THE SUPPLY IS CUT OFF IN THE SHORTEST AMOUNT OF
TIME. THIS WOULD BE ACHIEVED BY FITTING THE CORRECT
PROTECTIVE DEVICE AND A GOOD EARTH LOOP PATH.
• BY USING RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE (RCD); THIS ENABLES THE
SUPPLY TO BE CUT OF BEFORE A FATAL ELECTRIC SHOCK IS
RECEIVED.
• INSTALLING LOCAL SUPPLEMENTARY BONDING, WHICH ENSURES THAT
THE RESISTANCE BETWEEN PARTS THAT CAN BE TOUCHED
SIMULTANEOUSLY IS VERY LOW, SO THAT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR A
DANGEROUS POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE TO OCCUR BETWEEN THEM.

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 SHOCK PROTECTION BY RUBBER GLOVES
AND MATS

CLASS OF RUBBER GLOVES AND MATS

• CLASS 00 FOR USE UP TO 500 VAC ⏀ TO ⏀
• CLASS 0 FOR USE UP TO 1000 VAC ⏀ TO ⏀
• CLASS 1 FOR USE UP TO 7500 VAC ⏀ TO ⏀
• CLASS 2 FOR USE UP TO 1700 VAC ⏀ TO ⏀

• CLASS 3 FOR USE UP TO 26500 VAC ⏀ TO ⏀

• CLASS4 FOR USE UP TO 36000 VAC ⏀ TO ⏀

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 HOW TO AVOID SHOCK HAZARDS

• DO NOT WORK ON ENERGIZED (LIVE)

EQUIPMENT.
• STAY AWAY FROM ELECTRICAL WIRES ON
THE GROUND.
• NEVER OPEN AN ELECTRICAL PANEL
UNLESS THERE IS A PERMIT TO DO SO.
• AVOID STANDING ON WET SURFACES WHILE
WORKING ON ELECTRICITY
• KEEP WORK AREAS CLEAN AND TIDY.

SWING Consortium
 HOW TO AVOID SHOCK HAZARDS

• NEVER USE A DAMAGED OUTLET.

• NEVER USE A DAMAGED ELECTRICAL
CORD.
• NEVER USE A CORD WITH THE GROUND
PRONG MISSING.
• DO NOT PLUG TOO MANY THINGS INTO
ONE OUTLET.
• STAY ALERT

SWING Consortium
 COMMON CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL
ACCIDENTS

• OPENING A WRONG PANEL

• WORKING WITHOUT PERMIT
• IMPROPER GROUNDING/EARTHING
• BACK FEEDING
• INCOMPLETE ISOLATION OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
• IMPROPER TOOLS
• MULTIPLE POWER SOURCES
• WORKING IN EHT YARDS WITHOUT TRAINING
• ELECTRICAL TESTING WITHOUT MITIGATION MEASURES
• NOT UNDERSTANDING INDUCED VOLTAGE
• OVER CONFIDENCE
• IMPROPER ISOLATION
• INCORRECT TEMPORARY CONNECTION

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 WHAT CAN BE THE ROOT CAUSE

HAZARD: OPENING A WRONG PANEL

IMPROPER
IGNORANCE / MARKING / POOR
OVER CONFIDENCE
UNSKILLED IDENTIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION
PANELS

MARK ALL
DISCONNECTORS
ONLY , FEEDERS, PROPER
QUALIFIED ADEQUATE
POWER COMMUNNICAT
AND TRAINED TRAINING
SOURCES, ION OF JOB
PERSONNEL LEGIBLY AND RISK EXPECTATIONS
FOR CLEARLY AWARENESS
ELECTRICAL PERMITS TO BE
TRAINING
JOBS USE RQD ALWAYS USED
SIGNAGE TO ID
PANELS

39
SWING Consortium
 WHAT CAN BE THE CONSEQUENCES

Hazard: WORKING WITHOUT PROPER WORKERS

PERMIT
WORKERS
ISOLATION PROPER PPE
EXPOSED LIVE NOT AWARE NOT AWARE
INCOMPLETE NOT WORN
CONDUCTORS OF HAZARDS OF EERGENCY
PROCEDURES

SERIOUS INCIDENT

40
SWING Consortium
 ELECTRICAL FIRE - CUASES

• COMMON CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL FIRES

• DEFECTIVE WIRING
• FAULTY TERMINATIONS, LOOSE CONNECTIONS
• ARCING FAULTS/INSULATION FAILURE
• INCORRECT EQUIPMENT PROTECTION
• EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE
• INADEQUATE VENTILATION
• STORAGE OF INFLAMMABLE MATERIAL NEAR
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
• IMPROPER EARTHING
• INSULATING OIL IN TRANSFORMERS AND SWITCHGEAR
• USE OF NON-STANDARD FUSE
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 SAFE CONDITIONS FOR DE-ENERGIZED WORK

• ONLY QUALIFIED PEOPLE WHO KNOW ABOUT

SYSTEM SHOULD SWITCH IT OFF.
• AS FAR AS POSSIBLE SWITCHES AND BREAKERS
SHOULD BE REMOTELY OPERATED.
• LOAD ISOLATING SWITCHES SHOULD NOT BE USED
FOR LOAD INTERRUPTION.
• ALL ENERGY CONTROL DEVICES FEEDING THE AREA
SHOULD BE OPENED.
• LOCKS AND TAGS SHOULD BE PLACED ON ENERGY
CONTROL DEVICES.

SWING Consortium 42
 SAFE CONDITIONS FOR DE-ENERGIZED WORK

• ALL PREVIOUSLY ENERGIZED PARTS E.G. BUS BARS

SHOULD BE DISCHARGED AND GROUNDED.
• VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT MADE TO ENSURE ALL LIVE
PARTS ARE DEAD AND AT ZERO POTENTIAL.
• THE WORK AREAS MUST BE INSPECTED BY
QUALIFIED PERSON TO ENSURE NO PARTS ARE STILL
ENERGIZED.
• REMOVE ALL CONDUCING MATERIAL ON BODY E.G.
RINGS, WATCHES, ORNAMENTS, METAL BUTTONS
ETC.

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 VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT

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 HAZARDS – EHT YARDS

• MOVEMENT IN EHT YARDS

• WORKING AT HEIGHTS
• NESTS
• CLIMBERS
• LOOSE CONNECTIONS
• INDUCED HIGH VOLTAGE

45
SWING Consortium
 HAZARDS – POWER CABLES

• IMPROPER TAGGING/MARKING
OF CABLE
• EXCAVATION/DIGGING WITHOUT
KNOWING PRESENCE OF UNDER
GROUND CABLE
• CABLE JOINT FAILURE
• OVER LOADING
• INADEQUATE VENTILATION

SWING Consortium 46
 HAZARD MITIGATION - CABLES

• PROPER TAGGING OF ALL THE CABLES AT BOTH ENDS,

• INDICATING CABLE NO. CABLE SIZE, SOURCE AND LOAD.
• THE PERSON IN CONTROL OF EXCAVATION SHOULD TAKE
PRIOR PERMISSION FROM THE OWNER OF THE CABLE. REFER
TO PERMIT TO WORK STANDARD FOR MORE DETAILS
• USE OF PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
• ADEQUATE VENTILATION
• JACKETING OF CABLE JOINTS
• PROPER TERMINATION BY SKILLED PERSON
• CABLE CONDITION MONITORING

SWING Consortium 47
 DO’S & DON’T’S OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY

DO’S:
• ALWAYS ASSESS THE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INSTALLATION
TO WORK ON.

• ENSURE THAT ALL PREVENTIVE MEASURES HAVE BEEN TAKEN.

• ALWAYS CONSIDER THE CIRCUIT ‘ALIVE’ UNLESS UNTIL IT IS PROVED

OTHERWISE BEYOND DOUBT

• ENSURE THAT THE INSTALLATION IS DEENERGISED AND SECURED FROM

ACCIDENTAL RECONNECTION (POSITIVE ISOLATION)

• ALLOW ONLY AUTHORISED PERSON TO WORK ON ANY ELECTRICAL

INSTALLATION

• ALWAYS FOLLOW SOP/SMP.

• ENSURE THE USAGE OF PPE’S.

SWING Consortium 48
 DO’S & DON’T’S OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY

• MAKE SURE THAT SURROUNDING CONDITIONS ARE CONDUCIVE FOR

ELECTRICAL JOB.

• ENSURE THAT ALL THE TOOLS AND TESTING EQUIPMENTS ARE IN GOOD
CONDITION.

• DO WARN OTHERS ABOUT THE POSSIBLE ELECTRICAL HAZARDS BY

FOLLOWING BARRICADING AND SIGNAGE REQUIREMENTS.

• ENSURE THAT WORKERS ARE TRAINED TO HANDLE ANY ELECTRICAL

ACCIDENT.

AND
ALWAYS RESPECT ELECTRICITY
SWING Consortium 49
 DO’S & DON’T’S OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY

DON’TS

• NEVER DO WORK WITHOUT OPERATIONAL CLEARANCES

• DO NOT CLOSE ANY SWITCH WITHOUT KNOWING WHY IT IS KEPT

OPEN

• DO NOT TOUCH OR TEMPER WITH ANY ELECTRIC GEAR OR

CONDUCTOR UNLESS ASCERTAINED IT TO BE DEAD.

• DO NOT TOUCH ANY ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WITH HAND OR MAKE SHIFT

DEVICE TO DISCOVER WHETHER IT IS DEAD OR ALIVE.

• DO NOT ALLOW USAGE OF FRAIL WIRES WITH WORN OUT INSULATION

SWING Consortium 50
 DO’S & DON’T’S OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY

• DO NOT THROW WATER ON LIVE EQUIPMENTS IN CASE OF

ELECTRICAL FIRE
• DO NOT BRING FLAME NEAR ANY OIL FILLED EQUIPMENT
• PROHIBIT SMOKING IN AREAS WHERE BATTERIES ARE INSTALLED.
• DO NOT ALLOW YOUR VISITORS TO VENTURE IN THE HIGH
VOLTAGE AREA.
• DO NOT ENTER TRENCHES THAT SMELL OF OBNOXIOUS GAS.
• DO NOT WORK IN POORLY LIT CONDITIONS.

AND
DO NOT MESS WITH ELECTRICITY
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 GOLDEN RULES OF ELECTRICITY

• TREAT ALL ELECTRIC WIRES AS LIVE WIRES.

• DO NOT CONNECT EARTHING TO WATER PIPELINE.
• DISCHARGE THE CAPACITOR BEFORE WORKING ON THEM.
• WHILE OPENING A CIRCUITE OF HIGH CURRENT SHEILD YOUR
EYES FROM POSSIBLE FLASH.
• KEEP THE APPROACHES TO ANY ELECTRICAL CONTROL
FREE FROM OBSTRUCTIONS.
• AVOID TEMPORARY WIRING.
• FOLLOW SOP’S & SMP’s IF ANY. DO NOT USE TESTER FOR
SUPPLY CHECK
• HAVE AN ACTION PLAN AND SAFETY PLAN BEFORE YOU
BEGIN YOUR WORK

SWING Consortium
 SAFE ELECTRICAL PRACTICES - VIDEO

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 EARTHING

A ZERO POTENTIAL SURFACE

54
 REASONS FOR EARTHING

• TO CREATE A REFERENCE VOLTAGE

• TO CREATE A SAFE ZERO POTENTIAL SURFACE.
• TO CREATE A RETURN PATH FOR NEUTRAL
CURRENTS
• TO REDUCE TRANSIENTS
• TO REDUCE HARMONICS

SWING Consortium 55
 EARTHING PIT

• EARTH SURFACE HAS HIGH RESISTANCE AND

THEREFORE WE HAVE TO CREATE A PIT WHICH
MAINTAINS LOW RESISTANCE BONDING WITH
EARTH AND BRINGS OUT A LOW RESISTANCE
CONNECTION WHICH CAN BE DISTRIBUTED.
• NEUTRAL HAS TO BE EARTHED EITHER DIRECTLY
OR THROUGH GROUNDING RESISTORS TO
CREATE REFERENCE VOLTAGE OTHER WISE
LINES CAN ASSUME VERY HIGH VOLTAGES WHICH
CAN BE A SERIOUS SAFETY THREAT.

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 TYPICAL EARTHING PIT DESIGN

SWING Consortium 57
 REQUIREMENTS FROM EARTHING

• FOR SUBSTATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL USERS,

EARTHING RESISTANCE SHOULD BE BETWEEN 0.1 ~
1.0 OHMS
• IF RESISTANCE IS HIGHER, SALINE WATER SHOULD
BE ADDED TO THE PIT.
• MANY PITS SHOULD BE CONNECTED TOGETHER TO
CREATE A LOW RESISTANCE PATH FOR LARGE
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT WITHOUT CREATING
LARGE VOLTAGE DROP
• EVERY MOTOR, PANEL AND SWITCHGEAR’S BODY
SHOULD BE EARTHED AT TWO PLACES.
• NEUTRAL OF GENERATORS AND TRANSFORMERS
SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO TWO EARTHING PIT
WHICH ARE INDEPENDENT OF BODY EARTHING PITS.
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 SOME IMPORTANT NOTES

• WATER PIPES SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR EARTHING

• LEAD SHEATHING AND ARMOR OF CABLES SHOULD
BE EARTHED.
• WHEREVER RCC POLES ARE USED AS IN
SUBSTATIONS, FOUR POLES CAN BE TIED WITH
EARTHING STRIP AND THEN CONNECTED TO
EARTHING PIT.
• EARTHING ELECTRODE SHOULD NOT GET
CORRODED. GI OR TINNED COPPER IS PREFERRED.
ALUMINUM CAN BE USED ABOVE GROUND
CONNECTIONS

SWING Consortium 59
 SUBSTATION EARTHING

CRITERIA
• LOW EARTHING RESISTANCE
• LOW STEP POTENTIAL
• LOW TOUCH POTENTIAL

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 EARTHING RESISTANCE REQUIREMENTS

• EHV AC INSTALLATIONS <0.01 OHM

• HV INSTALLATIONS >33 KV <0.5 OHM
• MV INSTALLATION BETWEEN 1~33KV <<0.5 OHM
• LV INSTALLATION UP TO 1.0 KV <1~2 OHM
• LARGE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS < 2 OHMS
• INDIVIDUAL RESIDENTIAL BLDG. < 4 OHM

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 Earthing mesh

SWING Consortium 62
 TRANSMISSION LINE EARTHING

EHT LINES
• 110 KV – ONE AERIAL EARTHING WIRE
• 220 KV LINES – TWO AERIAL EARTHING WIRES TO BE
RUN THROUGH TOWERS
• AT LEAST AT 4 TOWERS EVERY MILE, AERIAL
EARTHING WIRE IS TO BE EARTHED.
• HT LINES
• EARTHING RODS ARE DRIVEN IN GROUND AT EACH
TOWER IF RESISTANCE IS LESS THAN 15 OHMS.
• FOR HIGHER RESISTANCE TWO RODS ARE DRIVEN IN
GROUND WHOSE DISTANCE SHOULD NOT EXCEED
200FT. EVEN THEN RESISTANCE SHOULD NOT
EXCEED 25 OHMS.

SWING Consortium 63
 SAFETY GROUNDING

EARTHING CLAMPS

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 GROUNDING

SWITCHGEAR GROUNDING METAL TOWER GROUNDING

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 WHAT & WHY OF SYSTEM GROUNDING

• IT IS CONNECTING ONE OF THE SUPPLY

CONDUCTORS TO THE EARTH.
• GROUNDED SYSTEMS PROVIDE SUFFICIENTLY HIGH
SHORT CIRCUIT AND EARTH FAULT CURRENTS TO
OPERATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
• THEY ARE LESS PRONE TO TRANSIENT OVER
VOLTAGES
• SOLIDLY GROUNDED SYSTEMS ARE LESS PRONE TO
RESONANCE AND TO INSULATION FAILURE.

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 SYSTEM GROUNDING

• IN DC SUPPLY, EITHER + VE OR –VE CAN BE

GROUNDED.
• IN SINGLE PHASE SUPPLY NEUTRAL IS GROUNDED
• IN STAR CONNECTED THREE PHASE SYSTEM, STAR
POINT IS GROUNDED AND USED AS NEUTRAL FOR
SINGLE PHASE SUPPLY.
• IN THREE WIRE DELTA CONNECTED SUPPLY,
EARTHING TRANSFORMER IS USED FOR GROUNDING.

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 NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTANCE

• USED MOSTLY IN 3.3 KV TO 33 KV SYSTEMS.

• AT THESE VOLTAGES LINE CAPACITIVE CURRENTS
ARE NOT HIGH ENOUGH AND EARTH FAULT CURRENT
IS LARGE ENOUGH.
• IS SO CHOSEN THAT IT DOES NOT AFFECT NEUTRAL
VOLTAGE MUCH IN NORMAL OPERATION.
• IN EARTH FAULT CONDITIONS, IT LIMITS EARTH
FAULT CURRENT AT THE COST OF RAISING NEUTRAL
VOLTAGE BUT MAKES THE SYSTEM SAFER.

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 EARTHING Vs GROUNDING

EARTHING GROUNDING
1 CONNECTING THE DEAD PART I.E. CONNECTING THE LIVE PART LIKE
PART THAT NORMALLY DOES NOT NEUTRAL OF POWER TRANSFORMER
CARRY CURRENT LIKE EQUIPMENT TO EARTH
FRAME TO EARTH
2 PURPOSE IS TO MINIMISE RISK OF PROVIDE EFFECTIVE RETURN PATH
ELECTRIC SHOCK IF METAL PARTS AND TO PROTECT POWER SYSTEM /
ARE TOUCHED, WHEN A FAULT IS EQUIPMENT
PRESENT
3 EARTH CONNECTION IS LOCAL TO. NEUTRAL LINE GOEAS BCK TO
THE GROUND TRANSFORMER AND PROVIDES A
CLOSED CIRCUIT
4 EARTHING IS AN ALTERNATE LOW RETURN PATH FOR MAIN CURRENT
RESISTANCE PATH FOR THE AND IS A SOURCE OF UNWANTED
CURRENT AND NOT A RETURN CURRENTS
PATH

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SWITCH GEAR SAFETY

70
 RACKING IN AND OUT METAL CLAD BREAKERS

• MANY ARC FLASH ACCIDENTS HAPPEN WHILE RACKING IN

AND OUT OF BREAKERS
• SAFE WAY TO DO SO IS TO DO THIS BY REMOTELY
OPERATED GEAR. EVEN A HANDLE WITH LONG
OPERATING ROD IS BETTER THAN MANUALLY OPERATING
FROM NEAR THE BREAKER.
• KEEP FACE AND EYES AWAY FROM BREAKER. STAND AT
AN ANGLE RATHER THAN FACE FULL SQUARE ON.
• DO NOT FORGET TO PUT ON PPE. DEPENDING UPON
CLASS OF HAZARD, IF REQUIRED, ARC FLASH SUIT
SHOULD BE PUT ON.
• ALWAYS HAVE TWO PEOPLE OPERATING THE BREAKER.
ONE TO DO THE PHYSICAL WORK AND OTHER TO
MONITOR FROM A DISTANCE AND CALL FOR HELP IF
NECESSARY.

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 RACKING IN AND OUT METAL CLAD BREAKERS

• RACKED OUT BREAKER’S SPRINGS OR PNEUMATIC

OPERATING ENERGY SHOULD BE DISCHARGED IF NOT
DONE SO ALREADY.
• SIMILARLY MAKE SURE OPERATING SPRING OR OTHER
OPERATING DEVICE IS OFF BEFORE RACKING IN THE
BREAKER. USUALLY BREAKERS HAVE MECHANICAL AND
ELECTRICAL INTERLOCKS TO TAKE CARE OF THIS BUT
MAKING SURE IS A GOOD PRACTICE.
• EXTERNAL SAFETY GROUNDING SHOULD BE DONE BY
USING PROPER GROUNDING CONNECTIONS WITH TESTED
EARTH BUS. ALL PREVIOUSLY LIVE PARTS SHOULD BE
LOOPED AND A SINGLE GROUND CONNECTION SHOULD
BE MADE FIRMLY TO THE EARTH BUS BY SUITABLE
CLAMPS.

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 REMOTE RACKING OF BREAKERS

USING A REMOTE RACKING SYSTEM KEEPS THE

PERSON OPERATING AT. SAFE DISTANCE IN CASE
OF ARC FLASH

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 RACKING IN AND OUT METAL CLAD BREAKERS

PCC ACB rack out

MCC module rack out

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 RACKING IN AND OUT METAL CLAD BREAKERS

33 kV VCB rack out

6.6 kV VCB rack out

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 SWITCH GEAR HAZARDS

• IMPROPER OPERATION OF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
• SHUTTER JAMMING
• LOW OIL, LOSS OF VACUUM, SF6
GAS.
• HALF CLOSING/OPENING OF
BREAKER
• CONTAMINATED OIL
• HIGH CONTACT RESISTANCE
• ENTRY OF RODENTS
• TRACKING
• CT & PT FAILURE

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 POTENTIAL CAUSES – BREAKER HAZARDS

INSERTING THE BREAKER WITH

CONTROL SUPPLY ON.
INSERTING THE BREAKER WITH
SPRING CHARGED CONDITION.
RACKING IN & OUT WHEN THE
BREAKER IS CLOSED.
OPERATING WITHOUT ARC CHUTES
OPERATING WITH JAMMED
MECHANISM.
LATERAL MOVEMENT OF BREAKER
WHILE RACKING IN & OUT.

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TAGS

78
 TAGS

ANY TAG EVEN IF IT IS LEFT BY MISTAKE SHOULD BE RESPECTED

IN CASE OF ANY DOUBT INSTEAD OF ACTING AGAINST THE TAG,
ALWAYS VERIFY. FOLLOWING ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF TAGS

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 EXAMPLE OF ELECTRICAL TAGS / LABELS

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ISOLATION BASICS

81
 ISOLATION BASICS

• ISOLATION Vs SHUTDOWN
• ISOLATION IS ENSURING THAT THERE IS NO
POSSIBILITY OF POWER FLOWING TO THE CONDUCTOR
OR EQUIPMENT E.G. LOCK OUT / TAG OUT
• SHUTDOWN IS SWITCHING OFF OF SUPPLY AND
TAGGING. ASSURANCE IS VIA SUPERVISION OF THE
SWITCH AND OR PERMITTING
• ISOLATION IS SAFER THAN SHUTDOWN ESPECIALLY
WHEN MULTIPLE ISOLATION PERMITS EXIST FOR ONE
SOURCE OF SUPPLY USED BY MULTIPLE EXECUTING
AGENCIES

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 ISOLATION 7 STEP PROCESS

ISOLATE VERIFY
PREPARE TO SHUT DOWN EQUIPMENT CONTROL PREPARE FOR
SHUT DOWN APPLY LOCKS ISOLATION
EQUIPMENT FROM ENERGY STORED STARTUP
EQUIPMENT FROM ENERGY
SOURCES ENERGY
SOURCES
PHYSICALLY ISOLATE
ONE LOCK PER ISOLATION
FOLLOW SOP FOR EQUIPMENT FROM CHECK EQUIPMENT AND REMOVE ALL TOOLS AND
COLLECT ALL TAGS / PERMIT RELEASE ALL STORED
EQUIPMENT SHUTDOWN ENERGY SOURCES ENSURE IT IS PERSONNEL
LOCKS ENERGY IF POSSIBLE
COMPLETELY ISOLATED
IF LOCK NOT POSSIBLE
OTHER CONTROLS CLEARANCE FOR DE
COMPLETE PERMITS ISOLATION

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 RE-ENERGIZING EQUIPMENT

• BEFORE RE-ENERGIZING INSPECT THOROUGHLY TO

ENSURE THAT THE WORK WHICH WAS TO BE DONE IS
COMPLETED SATISFACTORILY.
• ENSURE RE-INSULATION AND OTHER CLOSING WORK
HAS BEEN DONE PROPERLY. REMOVE TEMPORARY
GROUND CONNECTION.
• ENSURE THAT NO TOOLS ARE LEFT WHERE THEY
SHOULD NOT BE.
• INFORM ALL CONCERNED PEOPLE TO MOVE AWAY.
• REMOVE LOCKS AND TAGS
• RECHECK THAT BREAKER SPRING IS DE- ENERGIZED.
• RACK IN THE BREAKER
• CLOSE DOORS
• CLOSE SWITCH AND ENERGIZE

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TEMPORARY CONNECTIONS

85
 HAZARDS IN TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL CONNECTION AT
CONSTRUCTION SITE

CONNECTION HAZARDS ARE LIGHTING RESIDENTIAL &

GIVEN FOR SAME AS HEATING COMMERCIAL
OPERATING PERMANENT PREMISES.
ANY CONNECTION RUNNING

WHERE
PURPOSE
TEMPORARY

HAZARDS
CONNECTION

M/CS CONSTRUCTIO
ELECTRICAL HOWEVER, N SITES.
EQUIPMENT CHANCES OF FOR WELDING
OR APPARATUS GENERATORS EMERGENCY
OCCURRENCE WORK LIKE
FOR LIMITED ARE HIGHER
PERIOD OF FOR WELDING RESCUE
DUE TO TRANSFORMER OPERATIONS,
TIME. NATURE OF OR SIMILAR FIRE FIGHTING
WORK EQUIPMENTS ETC.

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 IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
FOR TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL CONNECTION.

• PLANNING TEMPORARY SUPPLY

• SELECTION OF CABLES AS PER CURRENT RATINGS
• SELECTION OF LUGS (AS PER CABLE SIZE) ; MCCB ; ICTP /
ICDP; ELCB AS PER LOAD CURRENT WITH 30mA
SENSITIVITY
• EARTHING FOR TEMPORARY INSTALLATION

PLANNING SHALL CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS

• PURPOSE OF THE CONNECTION
• CAPACITY & NATURE (SINGLE OR 3 PHASE) OF POWER
SUPPLY
• LOCATION OF INSTALLTION
• APPROXIMATE PERIOD OF OPERATION
MCCB – MINIATURE CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER ; ICTP – IRON CLAD TRIPLE POLE SWITCH
ICDP – IRON CLAD DOUBLE POLE SWITCH ; ELCB – EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER

SWING Consortium
 IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
FOR TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL CONNECTION.

• PROVIDE CORRECT EARTHING FOR EQUIPMENTS &

APPLIANCES.
• PROVIDE EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER.
• NEVER OVERLOAD ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT.
• AVOID JOINTS IN CABLES.
• PROVIDE FUSE OF PROPER RATING.
• AVOID PHYSICAL DAMAGE OF CABLES & EQUIPMENTS.
• GUARD MOVING PARTS OF ALL THE M/C’S
• AVOID STORAGE OF COMBUSTIBLE, FLAMMABLE, EXPLOSIVE
MATERIAL NEAR TEMPORARY CONNECTION.
• USE HAND LAMP WITH CAGE.
• USE 24V LAMP WHILE WORKING INSIDE CONFINED SPACE.
• AVOID HANDLING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS WITH WET
HANDS
• AVOID INSERTING OF BARE WIRES IN SOCKET.
• AVOID TOUCHING OF TWO EARTHED EQUIPMENTS AT THE
SAME TIME.

SWING Consortium
 IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
FOR TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL CONNECTION.

• SWITCH OFF THE ELEC. EQUIPMENT & APPLIANCES

WHEN NOT IN USE.
• AVOID USING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT WITHOUT PROPER
PLUG.
• PUT A TAG “OUT OF SERVICE” ON CONNECTION NOT IN
USE.
• AVOID PASSING ELECTRICAL CABLES THROUGH WATER.
• AVOID JOINTS IN CABLES & IF JOINTS IS UNAVOIDABLE,
ENSURE THAT IT DOES NOT COME IN CONTACT WITH
FLAMMABLE MATERIAL.
• ALLOW ONLY SKILLED ELECTRICIAN TO DO THE
ELECTRICAL WORK.
• ENSURE THAT TEMPORARY WIRING DOES NOT HANG
OVER NAILS OR METAL OBJECTS.
• DISPLAY DANGER NOTICES & ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
CHART.
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INSPECTION OF CABLE
TUNNELS AND GALLERIES

90
 CABLE TUNNELS IN BSP

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 CABLE TUNNEL IN BSP

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 CABLE TUNNEL IN BSP

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 CABLE TUNNEL

CABLE TUNNEL CAN BE OF VARYING LENGTHS

DESIGNED FOR ACCESS FOR INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

CABLE INSTALLED ON THE TUNNEL WALLS ON RACKS

THERE IS USUALLY NATURAL VENTILLATION TO CONTROL

HEAT BUILD UP

CABLE TUNNELS MAY BE CONFINED SPACES THAT REQUIRE

PERMIT TO ENTER

SOME CABLE TUNNELS HAVE HAZARDS DUE TO NEARLY

PIPELINES ETC.

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 SAFETY DURING CABLE TUNNEL INSPECTION

- ENSURE WHETHER CONFINED DPCE PERMIT REQUIRED AND

IF YES FOLLOW THE CONFINED SPACE WORK STANDARD
- BE AWARE OF FOLLOWING BEFORE ENTERING
- THE LAYOUT
- INTERNAL BRANCHES
- ENTRY / EXIT DOORS
- PARTITION DOORS
- MANHOLES
- TOTAL DISTANCE TO BE TRAVELLED DURING INSPECTION /
WORK
- PRESENCE OF ATTENDANT AND HOW TO COMMUNICATE
WITH HIM IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
- WHETHER PIT PUMPS / VENTILLATION / EXHAUST FANS
EXIST
- HOW GOOD IS THE ILLUMINATION
- ARE EMERGENCY LIGHTS AVAILABLE
- ARE FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES AVAILABLE

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 CABLE TUNNEL INSPECTION

ADDITIONALLYCHECK FOR FOLLOWING

- FREE FROM EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
- FREE FROM INFLAMMABLE MATERIALS
- FREE FROM OIL & WATER SEEPAGE
- DAMAGE FREE WALL & ROOF SLAB
- SUFFICIENT ILLUMINATION WITH BULK HEAD FITTINGS
- AIR TIGHT ELECTRICAL FITTINGS IN GAS PRONE AREA.
- PROPER CABLE DRESSING OF CABLES ON THE RACKS
- CONDITION OF CABLE RACKS
- FREE FROM WATER ACCUMULATION ON THE WALK-WAY
- WORKING CONDITION OF PIT PUMPS
- PIT PUMPS MOTOR BODY EARTINGS
- EARTHING PITS FOR PIT PUMPS

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 SAFETY IN CABLE GALLERY INSPECTION

CABLE GALLERY IS NOT A

CONFINED SPACE. HOWEVER
OTHER HAZARDS AS BELOW TO
BE AWARE OF
• STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
• CABLE INTEGRITY
• WET SURFACES
• WIND
• ACCESS & EXIT ROUTE
• LIGHTING

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WELDING SAFETY

98
 SAFETY IN ELECTRIC WELDING M/C

• ALL CABLES AND CONNECTORS SHOULD BE SOUND.

• THE EARTHING OF EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE MADE WITH EARTHING
CLAMPS OR BOLTED TERMINALS.
• RETURN CABLE SHALL BE CONNECTED TO THE JOB AS CLOSE TO
WELDING SET.
• ELECTRODE HOLDER WHEN NOT IN USE SHOULD BE PLACED ON
AN INSULATED HOOK.
• WHEN THE WELDER LEAVES THE WORK EVEN FOR SMALL
BREAKSTHE POWER SUPPLY OF THE WELDING M/C SHALL BE
SWITCHED OFF.
• SURROUNDING AREA SHOULD BE FREE FROM COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIAL.
• WELDER MUST USE WELDING SCREEN TO PREVENT EYE FLASH
AND WEAR HAND GLOVES TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK.

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 ARC WELDING

DO’S
• THE ELECTRODE HOLDER MUST BE EFFECTIVELY INSULATED AND PROPERLY
MAINTAINED.
• MAKE SURE THAT WELDING MACHINE IS PROPERLY EARTHED.
• MAKE SURE THAT THE WELDING HELMET & FACE SHIELD IS NOT DEFECTIVE
• MAKE SURE THAT THE EXHAUST SYSTEM FUNCTIONS EFFECTIVELY ESPECIALLY
IN CONFINED SPACES WHERE FUMES ARE DANGEROUS AND CAUSE
UNCONSCIOUSNESS.
• MAINTAIN ELECTRICAL CABLE IN GOOD CONDITION AND MAKE SURE
CONNECTIONS ARE TIGHT.
• CABLE CONNECTORS SHOULD BE USED FOR JOINTS.
• KEEP CABLES AS SHORT AS POSSIBLE.
• INSPECT ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR DEFECTS BEFORE START OF WORK.
• USE ONLY PPE AS PER PPE STANDARD
• FOR WORKING IN CONFINED SPACE OR WORKING AT HEIGHT OR NEAR
FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERE FOLLOW RELEVANT STANDARD

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 ARC WELDING

DON’TS
• DO NOT DROP ELECTRODE HOLDER SINCE THE INSULATING MATERIAL
WILL BREAK.
• AVOID STANDING ON DAMP FLOORS WHILE WELDING
• DON’T TOUCH THE WORK PIECE WITH HAND OR FOOT AND AT THE
SAME TIME CONNECT WITH THE ELECTRODE HOLDER.
• NEVER STRIKE AN ARC IF OTHER WOKERS WITHOUT EYE PROTECTION
ARE NEARBY.
• DON’T ALLOW THE CABLES TO LIE WHERE IT CAN BE BURNT, PINCHED,
RUNOVER, FRAYED BY SHARP EDGES.
• DON’T UNDERTAKE ANY MAINTENANCE ON WELDING MACHINES
UNLESS THEY ARE DISCONNECTED FROM MAIN SUPPLY.
• DON’T ALLOW RUBBISH, OLD HOSE, PAINT, GREASE OIL TINS AND
OTHER INFLAMMABLE MATERIAL TO ACCUMULATE.
• DON’T THROW THE ELECTRODE BITS IN WORK SPOT.
• DON’T CUT OR WELD IN ROOMS CONTAINING FLAMMABLE MATERIALS,
GASES VAPOURS OR LIQUID OR PAINT.

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PERMITS OVERVIEW

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 PERMITS OVERVIEW

• CURRENT ISOLATION (SHUTDOWN PERMITS) – EL-16

& EL-20
• PERMIT FOR PERSONNEL WORKING NEAR
OVERHEAD LINES
• CRANE / MOBILE EQUIPMENT OVERHEAD LINE
PERMIT
• DESIGNATING FOR THE PURPOSE OF REG 3 OF CEA
REGULATIONS
• SHUT DOWN OF MOBILE EQUIPMENT – FORM D
• CERTIFICATE – ABSENCE OF FEEDBACK – FORM F

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 PERMITS OVERVIEW

• PERMITS ARE EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO ENSURE

• CLARITY OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN OPERATIONS
AND EXECUTING AGENCY OF THE WORK
• UNDERSTANDING OF HAZARDS AND REQUIRED
MITIGATION BY BOTH OWNER (OPERATIONS) AND
EXECUTING AGENCY
• ISOLATION AND DE ISOLATION IS CARRIED OUT IN A
CONTROLLED MANNER
• RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WORK AND WORKPLACE
IS MANAGED IN A CONTROLLED MANNER

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REGULATORY
REQUIREMENTS

10
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 CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY (MEASURES RELATING TO
SAFETY AND ELECTRIC SUPPLY) REGULATIONS 2010.

• THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT 1910 HAD BEEN

REPLACED BY THE ELECTRICITY ACT 2003,
COMBINING THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT 1910 AND
INDIAN ELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) ACT 1948.
• NOW THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES 1956 ARE
REPLACED BY “THE CENTRAL ELECTRICITY
AUTHORITY (MEASURES RELATING TO SAFETY AND
ELECTRIC SUPPLY) REGULATIONS 2010

SWING Consortium
 SALIENT FEATURES OF CEA REGULATIONS

CHAPTERS :-
I DEFINITIONS.
II. DESIGNATED PERSON(S)
III. GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
IV. GENERAL CONDITIONS RELATING TO SUPPLY AND USE OF
ELECTRICITY
V. SAFETY PROVISIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND
APPARATUS OF VOLTAGE NOT EXCEEDING 650V..
VI. SAFETY PROVISIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND
APPARATUS OF VOLTAGE EXCEEDING VOLTAGE 650V.
VII. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF OVERHEAD LINES,
UNDERGROUND CABLES AND GENERATING STATIONS.
VIII. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRIC TRACTION
IX. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR MINES AND OIL FIELDS
X. MISCELLANEOUS

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 SALIENT FEATURES OF CEA REGULATIONS

CHAPTER III : GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

• REG 12. CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION,
PROTECTION,OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC
SUPPLY LINES AND APPARATUS.
• REG 19.HANDLING OF ELECTRIC SUPPLY LINES AND
APPARATUS.
• REG. 29. PRECAUTIONS TO BE ADOPTED BY CONSUMERS,
OWNERS,OCCUPIERS, ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS,
ELECTRICAL WORKMEN AND SUPPLIERS.
• REG 30. PERIODICAL INSPECTION AND TESTING OF
INSTALLATION.
• REG 32. INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF GENERATING UNITS.

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 SALIENT FEATURES OF CEA REGULATIONS

CHAPTER IV GENERAL CONDITIONS RELATING TO SUPPLY AND USE

OF ELECTRICITY
• REG 33. PRECAUTIONS AGAINST LEAKAGE BEFORE CONNECTION.
• REG 35. SUPPLY AND USE OF ELECTRICITY .
CHAPTER V SAFETY PROVISIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND
APPARATUS OF VOLTAGE NOT EXCEEDING 650V
• REG 41. CONNECTION WITH EARTH.
• REG 42 EARTH LEAKAGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE
CHAPTER VI SAFETY PROVISIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
AND APPARATUS OF VOLTAGE EXCEEDING 650V
• REG 43. APPROVAL BY INSPECTOR.

• REG 45. INTERLOCKS AND PROTECTIONS.

• REG 51. CONDENSERS.

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 SALIENT FEATURES OF CEA REGULATIONS

CHAPTER VII SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR OVERHEAD

LINES, UNDERGROUND CABLES AND GENERATING
STATIONS.
• REG 58. CLEARANCE ABOVE GROUND OF THE
LOWEST CONDUCTOR OF OVERHEAD LINES.
• REG 60 & 61. CLEARANCE FROM BUILDS OF LINES.
• REG 62. CONDUCTORS OF DIFFERENT VOLTAGES ON
SAME SUPPORT.
• REG 69. LINES CROSSING OR APPROACHING EACH
OTHER.
• REG 70. GUARDING.
• REG 74. PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING.
• REG 75. UNUSED OVERHEAD LINES.

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 SALIENT FEATURES OF CEA REGULATIONS

CHAOTER X - MISCELLANEOUS
• REG 116. DEVIATIONS.
• (1) THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OR THE STATE
GOVERNMENT, AS THE CASE MAY. BE, BY ORDER IN
WRITING, ALLOW DEVIATIONS IN RESPECT OF MATTERS
REFERRED IN THESE REGULATIONS EXCEPT REGULATION
30.
• (2) THE ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR OR THE INSPECTOR OF
MINES MAY, BY ORDER IN WRITING, ALLOW DEVIATIONS IN
RESPECT OF MATTERS REFERRED IN REGULATIONS 12 TO
17, 28, 35(2)(3) AND (5), 36(3), 37(1) TO (IV), 41(XII), 43, 44(2),
46, 52 TO 54, 57 TO 61, 65, 72, 74, 78 TO
• 91,102,107(6), (8) AND (10) AND 114
• EXPLANATION- EVERY ORDER ALLOWING THE DEVIATIONS
BY THE ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR OR THE INSPECTOR OF
MINES UNDER SUB-REGULATION (2) SHALL BE PLACED
BEFORE THE CENTRAL OR STATE GOVERNMENT WHICH
MAY DISALLOW OR REVISE SUCH DEVIATIONS.

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ELECTRICAL INCIDENT
EXAMPLES

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 ELECTRICAL INCIDENTS

THE FIVE STEPS

Most electrical
TOWARDS ELECTRICAL
accidents result from:
SAFETY:
• UNSAFE EQUIPMENT • INSULATION
AND INSTALLATION • GUARDING
• UNSAFE • GROUNDING
ENVIRONMENT • ELECTRICAL
• UNSAFE WORK PROTECTIVE DEVICES
PRACTICES • SAFE WORK
PRACTICES
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 INCIDENTS

• ONE WELDER WAS WELDING INSIDE A

PIPELINE OF 2000 MM. DIA. HIS RIGHT HAND
CAME IN CONTACT WITH THE HOLDER TIP
WHILE THE LEFT HAND WAS TOUCHING THE
PIPELINE. HE RECEIVED SEVERE ELECTRIC
SHOCK AND SUCCUMBED TO INJURY.

• ROOT CAUSE?

SWING Consortium
 INCIDENTS

• WHILE TAKING LIGHTING CONNECTION

FROM BREAKER, FLASHOVER OCCURRED
CAUSING BURN INJURY.
• WHILE REGULATING CURRENT IN THE
WELDING TRANSFORMER, HE RECEIVED
ELECTRIC SHOCK.
• WHILE SHIFTING THE WELDING HOLDER, HE
RECEIVED ELECTRIC SHOCK IN HAND.
• ROOT CAUSE?

SWING Consortium
 INCIDENTS

• A CONTR. WORKER WAS CLEANING WATER TANK

ON A ROOF WITH AN IRON ROD, WHICH TOUCHED
11KV OVERHEAD LINE & WAS ELECTROCUTED
• A PAINTER DURING PAINTING OF BUILDING
STRUCTURES STEPPED ON ONE OF THE LIVE
BUS BARS FOR SUPPORT. HE CAME IN CONTACT
WITH LT PHASE AND GOT ELECTROCUTED.
• ROOT CAUSE?

SWING Consortium
 INCIDENTS

• A HSCL DUMPER HAD GONE TO DUMP

SCRAPS IN SSD AREA. WHEN RETURNING
AFTER DUMPING, THE RAISED BODY OF THE
DUMPER TOUCHED A 11KV TRANSMISSION
LINE. HEARING ABNORMAL SOUND, THE
OPERATOR TRIED TO GET DOWN FROM THE
DUMPER. AS SOON AS HIS FOOT TOUCHED
THE GROUND, HE WAS ELECTROCUTED DUE
TO FLOW OF HEAVY RUSH OF CURRENT
THROUGH HIS BODY. IT WAS FOUND THAT
THE TEMPORARY ROAD SURFACE HAD LESS
CLEARANCE THAN THE STANDARDS.
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ELECTRICAL SAFERTY FOR QUALIFIED WORKERS

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Thank you!!!

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