COMPARATIVE

MODELS IN
POLICING
 REPORTING
Maximum
Reporting Criteria
Points
1. Mastery of the report (methodology used, knowledge 20
and/or skills regarding the report)
2. The substance of the report (relevance of presentation 20
to the subject)
3. Ability to answer questions and formulate critical 20
thinking questions
4. Powerpoint/multimedia presentation (summarized and 10
comprehensive)
5. Hard Copy of the report (complete and informative) 10
6. Classroom and time management (the ability of 10
classroom management and utilization of time wisely)
7. Attire/Uniform of reporters 10
Total Points 100
 REPORT FORMAT
1. Frontpage shall contain the University heading and logo;
2. Use a4 size of paper, aerial, font size 10, one-inch margin at all
sides, single-spaced lines and one space between paragraphs;
3. Below the heading shall contain the following: Name of student,
Name of Instructor, Subject, Schedule, Report (refers to country
that you are assigned to research), and Date of submission;
4. Contents of papers shall be left-aligned throughout;
5. Highlight key terms by bolding. Do not underscore or italicize;
6. All reports shall be graded according to the grading rubric. No
quantity of pages is required, except when instructions are given.
7. Write specific references inside the paragraphs of the paper
and references at the end using the APA format.
8. Submit an e-copy to the group chat a day before the date of
reporting and my personal email jeveeulibas@gmail.com
 PARTS OF THE REPORT / ACADEMIC PAPER (REVISED)
✓OBJECTIVES – contains the specific objectives of the report
which shall be answered upon reading the body of the report.
✓INTRODUCTION – minimum of one page.
✓BODY OF RESEARCH – contains the main topics of your
research. Cite your sources. Paraphrase if necessary. Check the
attached sample on how it is well-cited. The body should contain
all information regarding the police system of your assigned
country, refer to the student output posted for those informations.
✓SUMMARY - contains the summary of the topics presented.
This is the summarized answers to the objectives.
✓REFERENCES – must include books and internet sources.
Check the attached sample.
 POINT OF COMPARISON ASSIGNED COUNTRY
Nickname
Form of Government
Head of State
Police Force
National Headquarters
Parent Agency
Agency which take administrative/supervisory control
Type of Law enforcement
Highest rank
Lowest rank
Hotline
Police-to-population ratio
Age Requirement
In-charge for the training, human resource development &
continuing education for police
Retirement Age
Uniform
Salary & Benefits
Overall peace and order of the country
Programs being implemented
Best practices in Policing
 TYPES OF LAW
ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM

• Centralized Law Enforcement System – A

country with only one recognized police
force which operates entire that country is called
is called centralized police.
• Decentralized Law Enforcement – Refers to
a system where police administrations and
operations are independent from one
state to another. It is more applicable to
countries with federal government.
 PHILIP P I N E S
A R L O F T H E O R I E N T S E A S ”
“ P E
 PHILIPPINES
• DEMOCRATIC
➢A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE SUPREME
POWER IS RETAINED BY THE PEOPLE, BUT WHICH IS
USUALLY EXERCISED INDIRECTLY THROUGH A SYSTEM
OF REPRESENTATION AND DELEGATED AUTHORITY
PERIODICALLY RENEWED
• PRESIDENT
PHILIPPINES

•PRESIDENT
FERDINAND R.
MARCOS JR.
PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL
POLICE
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)
It is the national police force of the Republic
of the Philippines.
It is both a national and local police force in
that it does provides all law enforcement
services throughout the Philippines.
A result of a merger of the Philippine
Constabulary and Integrated National Police
and was activated on January 29, 1991.
Its national headquarters is based at Camp
Crame in Quezon City.
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS
 LEGAL BASES
o Republic Act 6975 (An Act Establishing the Philippine
National Police under a Reorganized Department of
the Interior and Local Government, and for Other
Purposes).
o Republic Act 8551 (An Act Providing for the Reform
and Reorganization of the Philippine National Police
and for Other Purposes, Amending Certain Provisions
of R.A. 6975).
o Republic Act 9708 (An Act Extending for Five Years the
Reglementary Period for Complying with the
Minimum Educational Qualification for Appointment
to the Philippine National Police and Adjusting the
Promotion System Thereof, Amending for the Purpose
Pertinent Provisions of R.A. 6975 and R.A. 8551).
OUR PHILOSOPHY
• Service, Honor and Justice

OUR CORE VALUES

• Maka- Diyos (God-fearing)
• Makabayan (Nationalistic)
• Makatao (Humane)
• Makakalikasan (Environment- Friendly)
THE PNP VISION
• Imploring the aid of Almighty by 2030, we shall be
highly capable, effective and credible police service
working in partnership with a responsive community
towards the attainment of a safer place to live, work and
do business.
OUR MISSION
• The PNP shall enforce the law, prevent and control
crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure public
safety and internal security with the active support of
the community.
MOTTO
• To serve and protect
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
The PNP shall have the following powers and functions:
1. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the
protection of lives and properties;
2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to
ensure public safety;
3. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of
criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice and assist in
their prosecution;
4. Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and
seizure in accordance with the Constitution and pertinent
laws;
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
5. Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what
is prescribed by law, informing the person so detained of
all his rights under the Constitution;
6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and
explosives in accordance with law;
7. Supervise and control the training and operations of
security agencies and issue licenses to operate security
agencies, and to security guards and private detectives, for
the practice of their professions; and
8. Perform such other duties and exercise all other
functions as may be provided by law.
• ORGANIZATION
The Department shall consist of the Department Proper, the
existing bureaus and offices of the Department of Local
Government, the National Police Commission, the Philippine
Public Safety College, and the following bureaus: the Philippine
National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection, and the Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology.
• HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Referred to as Secretary, and shall be appointed by the President
subject to confirmation of the Commission on Appointments.
• "SEC. 13. Creation and Composition. – A National Police Commission, hereinafter referred
to as the Commission, is hereby created for the purpose of effectively discharging the
functions prescribed in the Constitution and provided in this Act. The Commission shall be an
agency attached to the Department for policy and program coordination. It shall be composed
of a
• Chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners, and the Chief of PNP as ex-officio member.
➢ Three (3) of the regular commissioners shall come from the civilian sector who are
neither active nor former members of the police or military, one (1) of whom shall be
designated as vice chairperson by the President.
➢ The fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either
active or retired: Provided, That an active member of a law enforcement agency shall be
considered resigned from said agency once appointed to the Commission:
➢ Provided, further, That at least one (1) of the Commissioners shall be a woman.
• The Secretary of the Department shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Commission,
while the Vice Chairperson shall act as the executive officer of the Commission."
Powers and Functions of the Commission
The Commission shall exercise the following powers and functions:
"(a) Exercise administrative control and operational supervision over the
Philippine National Police which shall mean the power to:
"1) Develop policies and promulgate a police manual prescribing rules and
regulations for efficient organization, administration, and operation,
including criteria for manpower allocation, distribution and deployment,
recruitment, selection, promotion, and retirement of personnel and the
conduct of qualifying entrance and promotional examinations for
uniformed members;
"2) Examine and audit, and thereafter establish the standards for such
purposes on a continuing basis, the performance, activities, and facilities
of all police agencies throughout the country;
"3) Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
Powers and Functions of the Commission
"5) Approve or modify plans and programs on education and training,
logistical requirements, communications, records, information systems,
crime laboratory, crime prevention and crime reporting;
"6) Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate Board,
personnel disciplinary actions involving demotion or dismissal from the
service imposed upon members of the Philippine National Police by the
Chief of the Philippine National Police;
"7) Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the regional appellate boards over
administrative cases against policemen and over decisions on claims for
police benefits;
"8) Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and uniforms and,
after consultation with the Philippine Heraldry Commission, for insignia of
ranks, awards, and medals of honor. Within ninety (90) days from the
effectivity of this Act, the standards of the uniformed personnel of the
PNP must be revised which should be clearly distinct from the military and
reflective of the civilian character of the police;
Powers and Functions of the Commission
"9) Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters pertaining
to the discharge of its own powers and duties, and designate who
among its personnel can issue such processes and administer oaths in
connection therewith;
"10) Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on the established
criteria for manpower allocation, distribution, and deployment and
their impact on the community and the crime situation, and thereafter
formulate appropriate guidelines for maximization of resources and
effective utilization of the PNP personnel;
"11) Monitor the performance of the local chief executives as
deputies of the Commission; and
"12) Monitor and investigate police anomalies and irregularities.
Powers and Functions of the Commission
"b) Advise the President on all matters involving police functions and
administration;
"c) Render to the President and to the Congress an annual report on
its activities and accomplishments during the thirty (30) days after the
end of the calendar year, which shall include an appraisal of the
conditions obtaining in the organization and administration of police
agencies in the municipalities, cities and provinces throughout the
country, and recommendations for appropriate remedial legislation;
"d) Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within sixty
(60) days before the commencement of each calendar year, a crime
prevention program; and
"e) Perform such other functions necessary to carry out the
provisions of this Act and as the President may direct."
 General Qualifications for
Appointment
"a) A citizen of the Philippines;
"b) A person of good moral conduct;
"c) Must have passed the
psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical
tests to be administered by the PNP or by any
NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital
for the purpose of determining physical and
mental health;
 Psychological and/or Neuro
Psychiatric Test

➢to exclude applicants who may be

suffering from any mental disorder, the
applicant shall take a psychological
and/or Neuro-psychiatric test to be
administered by the PNP, NBI or any duly
recognized institution.
 Physical and Medical
Examination
The ff. are physical, mental and dental
➢in order to determine test:
whether or not the 1. Height - 5'4 or 162cm for male and 5'2
applicant is in good health, or 157cm for female.
free from any contagious 2. Weight- weight must be proportionate
to height.
diseases, a physical and
3. Ear Nose Throat Exam (ENT)
medical examination must 4. Urinalysis
be conducted by the 5. Complete Blood Count test (CBC)
city/municipal health 6. Fasting Blood Sugar test
officer or PNP medical 7. Chest X-ray
8. ECG Test or Electrocardiogram test
officer after he/she
9. Snellen test
qualified for preliminary 10. Ishihara test or color perception test
interview. 11. GPE or General Physical Exam
12. Drug test
13. Dental Exam
Snellen test
➢20/20 or 6/6
Ishihara test or color perception
test
GPE or General Physical Exam

• body check up such as

scars, tattoos, varicose
veins, hemorrhoids and
hernia are grounds for
disqualification.
• Hemorrhoids are
swollen veins in the
lowest part of your
rectum and anus.
General Qualifications for
Appointment
"d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate
degree from a recognized institution of
learning;
 General Qualifications for
Appointment
"e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards
set by the Commission;
 ELIGIBILITY
REQUIREMENTS
a. NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination
b. 2nd Level Eligibility (Career Service
Professional, CSC PO1/PO-1998 onwards)
c. RA No. 6506 (Licensed Criminologist) for
appointment
d. RA 1080 (Bar and Board Examination)
e. PD No. 907 (College Graduate with
Honors)
General Qualifications for
Appointment
 Must not have been dishonourably discharged
from military employment or dismissed for cause
from any civilian position in the government
 Must not have convicted by final judgment of an
offense or crime involving moral turpitude
 Must be at least one meter and sixty-two
centimeters (1.62 m.) in height for male and one
meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m) for
female
 General Qualifications for
Appointment
 Must weigh not
more or less than
five kilograms
(5kgs.) from the
standard weight
corresponding to his
or her height, age
and sex;
 General Qualifications for
Appointment
 For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of
age: except for the last qualification, the above-enumerated qualifications shall be continuing in
character and an absence of any one of them at any given time shall be a ground for separation
or retirement from the service: Provided, That PNP members who are already in the service
upon the effectivity of this Act shall be given at least two (2) more years to obtain the
minimum educational qualification and one (1) year to satisfy the weight requirement. (RA
8551)
Amended by RA 9708
 For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of
age: Provided, That except for the last qualification, the above-enumerated qualifications shall be
continuing in character and an absence of any one of them at any given time shall be a ground
for separation or retirement from the service: Provided, further, That PNP members who are
already in the service upon the effectivity of Republic Act No. 8551 shall be given five (5) years
to obtain the minimum educational qualification preferably in law enforcement related
courses, to be reckoned from the date of the effectivity of this amendatory
Act: Provided, furthermore, That for concerned PNP members rendering more than fifteen (15)
years of service and who have exhibited exemplary performance as determined by the
Commission, shall no longer be required to comply with the aforementioned minimum
educational requirement.
 General Qualifications for
Appointment
 "For the purpose of determining compliance with the requirements on
physical and mental health, as well as the non-use of prohibited drugs, the
PNP by itself or through a NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital
shall conduct regular psychiatric, psychological drug and physical tests
randomly and without notice.
 "After the lapse of the time period for the satisfaction of a specific
requirement, current members of the PNP who will fail to satisfy any of the
requirements enumerated under this Section shall be separated from the
service if they are below fifty (50) years of age and have served in
Government for less than twenty (20) years or retired if they are from
the age of fifty (50) and above and have served the Government for at
least twenty (20) years without prejudice in either case to the payment of
benefits they may be entitled to under existing laws."
 Waivers for Initial Appointments
to the PNP
The age, height, weight, and educational requirements for initial appointment to
the PNP may be waived only when the number of qualified applicants fall below
the minimum annual quota
Age- Provided, That an applicant shall not be below twenty (20) nor over thirty-five
(35) years of age
Height- Provided, finally, That a waiver for height requirement shall be
automatically granted to applicants belonging to the cultural communities.
Weight- Provided, further, That any applicant not meeting the weight requirement
shall be given reasonable time but not exceeding six (6) months within which to
comply with the said requirement
Educational Requirements- Provided, furthermore, That only applicants who have
finished second year college or have earned at least seventy-two (72) collegiate
units leading to a bachelor's decree shall be eligible for appointment: Provided,
furthermore, That anybody who will enter the service without a baccalaureate
degree shall be given a maximum of four (4) years to obtain the required
educational qualification
 Selection Criteria Under the
Waiver Program
The selection of applicants under the Waiver Program shall be
subject to the following minimum criteria:
a) Applicants who possess the least disqualification shall
take precedence over those who possess more
disqualifications.
b) The requirements shall be waived in the following order:
(a) age, (b) height, (c) weight, and (d) education.
The Commission shall promulgate rules and regulations to address
other situations arising from the waiver of the entry
requirements.
The Field Training
Program
All uniformed members of
the PNP shall undergo a
Field Training Program for
twelve (12) months
involving actual
experience and
assignment in patrol,
traffic, and investigation
as a requirement for
permanency of their
appointment.
 Manning Levels
On the average nationwide, the manning levels of the
PNP shall be approximately in a accordance with a
police-to-population ratio of one (1) policeman for
every five hundred (500) persons. The actual
population density and actual demands of the service in
the particular area: Provided, That the minimum police-
to-population ratio shall not be less than one (1)
policeman for every one thousand (1,000) persons:
Provided, further, That urban areas shall have a higher
minimum police-to-population ratio as may be
prescribed by regulations
Rank Classification
 Examination for
Policemen
The Civil Service Commission shall
administer the qualifying entrance
examinations for policemen on the
basis of the standards set by the
NAPOLCOM.
 Lateral Entry of Officers
into the PNP
In general, all original appointments of commissioned officers in
the PNP shall commence with the rank of inspector, to include
all those with highly technical qualifications applying for the
PNP technical services, such as dentists, optometrists, nurses,
engineers, and graduates of forensic sciences. Doctors of
medicine, members of the Bar, and chaplains shall be appointed
to the rank of senior inspector in their particular technical
service. Graduates of the Philippine National Police Academy
(PNPA) shall be automatically appointed to the initial rank of
inspector. Licensed criminologists may be appointed to the
rank of inspector to fill up any vacancy after promotions from
the ranks are completed.
Compulsory Retirement
Compulsory retirement, for officer and non-officer,
shall be upon the attainment of age fifty-six (56):
Provided, That, in case of any officer with the rank
of chief superintendent, director or deputy
director general, the Commission may allow his
retention in the service for an unextendible period
of one (1) year.
 Optional Retirement
Upon Accumulation of at least twenty (20) years
of satisfactory active service, an offer or non-offer,
at his own request and with the approval of the
Commission, shall be retired from the service and
entitled to receive benefits provided for by law.
 Early Retirement
Program
Within three (3) years after the effectivity of this Act, any PNP officer
or non-commissioned officer may retire and be paid separation
benefits corresponding to a position two (2) ranks higher than his
or her present rank subject to the following conditions:
a) that at the time he or she applies for retirement, he or she has
already rendered at least ten (10) years of continuous government
service;
b) the applicant is not scheduled for separation or retirement from the
service due to the attrition system or separation for cause;
c) he or she has no pending administrative or criminal case; and
d) he or she has at least three (3) more years in the service before
reaching the compulsory retirement age and at least a year before his
or her maximum tenure in position.
 THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC
SAFETY COLLEGE
• There is hereby created the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC), which shall be premier educational
institution for the training, human resource development
and continuing education of all personnel of the PNP, Fire
and Jail Bureaus. Said College shall be under the direct
supervision of a Board of Trustees composed of the
Secretary and the three (3) bureau heads.
 Composition, Powers and
Functions
The College shall consist of the present Philippine National Police
Academy (PNPA) established pursuant to Section 13 of Presidential
Decree No. 1184, the Fire Service Training Center, the Philippine
National Training Center (PNTC), the National Police College, and other
special training centers as may be created by the Department, whose
functions shall be as follows:
(a) Formulate and implement training programs for the personnel of the
Department;
(b) Establish and maintain adequate physical training facilities;
(c) Develop and implement research and development to support
educational training programs;
(d) Conduct an assessment of the training needs of all its clientele; and
(e) Perform such other related functions as may be prescribed by the
Secretary.
UNIFORM
SALARY AND BENEFITS