CONTENTS

Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 2

NASA- general information ........................................................................................................................... 3

History ........................................................................................................................................................... 4

NASA discoveries ........................................................................................................................................... 5

Space Shuttle Challenger disaster ................................................................................................................. 6

Space Shuttle Columbia disaster ................................................................................................................... 8

Voyager 2....................................................................................................................................................... 9

Current Missions ......................................................................................................................................... 11

Famous astronaut........................................................................................................................................ 13

The ISS ......................................................................................................................................................... 14

Project Apollo .............................................................................................................................................. 16

Facts about NASA ........................................................................................................................................ 18

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 20

Sources ........................................................................................................................................................ 21

1
 Introduction

NASA is our most important connection with anything beyond our planet. Their goal is to
answer some simple questions that the humankind has been trying to for decades: What's out there
in space? How do we get there? What will we find? What can we learn there, or learn just by trying
to get there, that will make life better here on Earth?

I must admit that I am fascinated by the Universe and the mysteries it contains, so it is only
natural that these questions should cross my mind, at one point or the other, and, like many others,
answering them is either impossible or imply pure speculations.

Therefore, anyone who is seeking the truth behind those speculations and come forward with
scientific explanations and evidence, should be highly regarded and worthy of admiration as this
matter is very complicated and requires a tremendous amount of time, carefulness and money.

NASA is one of those organizations everyone dreams of working for. Each day they strive to
reach the impossible, to break down the divide between what’s deemed reachable to man, and are
quite literally boldly going where no man has gone before.

No planet or corner of space is outside NASA’s grasp; it’s just a question of time. I would
have liked to have had access to this information since I was a child. I chose to write about NASA
because it is a subject that I am passionate about. In this paper, I don't just collect the information
from the internet, I try to understand it and discover as many things as possible about the universe.
I chose the title " NASA - another dimension" because it fully encompasses the mission of the
NASA crew, to discover another world that is difficult for us, ordinary people, to understand. The
thought that we are not alone, that the Earth is not the only inhabited planet makes me more curious
to follow NASA's discoveries. "To reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we
do and learn will benefit all humankind." This vision should encourage people to recognize and
support the efforts of those who try to make the world, our planet, a better place by unraveling the
mysteries that arouse fear in the hearts of humans, just by thinking about them and push them
forward to break the barrier born from fear and ignorance that kept the humanity from getting a
step closer to truth and ultimately, to break the last frontier.

2
 NASA- general information

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is America’s civil space program and the
global leader in space exploration. The agency has a diverse workforce of just under 18,000 civil
servants, and works with many more U.S. contractors, academia, and international and commercial
partners to explore, discover, and expand knowledge for the benefit of humanity. With an annual
budget of $23.2 billion in Fiscal Year 2021, which is less than 0.5% of the overall U.S. federal
budget, NASA supports more than 312,000 jobs across the United States, generating more than
$64.3 billion in total economic output (Fiscal Year 2019).

At its 20 centers and facilities across the country – and the only National Laboratory in space
– NASA studies Earth, including its climate, our Sun, and our solar system and beyond. They
conduct research, testing, and development to advance aeronautics, including electric propulsion
and supersonic flight. They develop and fund space technologies that will enable future exploration
and benefit life on Earth.

NASA also leads a Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes working with U.S.
industry, international partners, and academia to develop new technology, and send science
research and soon humans to explore the Moon on Artemis missions that will help prepare for
human exploration of the Red Planet.

In addition to those major missions, the agency shares what it learns so that its information can
make life better for people worldwide. For example, companies use NASA discoveries and
technologies to create new products for the public. To ensure future success for the agency and the
nation, NASA also supports education efforts in STEM with an emphasis on increasing diversity
in our future workforce.

3
 History

Beginning in 1946, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) began
experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1.[43] In the early 1950s, there
was challenge to launch an artificial satellite for the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958).
An effort for this was the American Project Vanguard. After the Soviet space program's launch of
the world's first artificial satellite (Sputnik 1) on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United
States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The US Congress, alarmed by the perceived
threat to national security and technological leadership (known as the "Sputnik crisis"), urged
immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower counseled more deliberate
measures. The result was a consensus that the White House forged among key interest groups,
including scientists committed to basic research; the Pentagon which had to match the Soviet
military achievement; corporate America looking for new business; and a strong new trend in
public opinion looking up to space exploration.

NASA Centers

4
 NASA discoveries

Find the second Earth-sized world around a nearby star

A second planet has been found in the habitable zone of a star just 100 light-years from our
solar system. Discovered in data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the planet
orbits a star called TOI 700, a red dwarf star in the constellation Dorado.TOI 700 becomes one of
very few star systems with multiple, small, habitable-zone planets that astronomers know of. Red
dwarf stars are cooler than stars like our Sun, but much more abundant in our Milky Way galaxy.
Red dwarfs account for about 70% of all stars. The new planet is called TOI 700 e and takes 28
days to orbit its star. About 95% Earth’s size and likely rocky, it orbits in the habitable zone of the
star, as does another planet called TOI 700 d, which orbits every 37 days.

A habitable zone around a star refers to an orbit that’s close enough to be warm enough allow
liquid water on the surface. That’s crucial because scientists believe life can only exist when liquid
water is present.

Possible groundbreaking discovery

The US space agency has among its plans to send a human crew to the Red Planet sometime in the
2030s, but one of the biggest difficulties such an ambitious mission will face is transporting enough
oxygen for the duration of the entire mission. Currently, such transport is not possible. The way
NASA plans to solve this problem is even more ambitious than the journey and mission itself –
with the help of a new system being tested on Mars' Perseverance rover, researchers hope to be
able to turn carbon dioxide into oxygen even on the Red Planet, thus eliminating the need to
transport large quantities from Earth. On Mars, 96% of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, while
only 0.13% is oxygen.

5
 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster

On January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into its flight,
killing all seven crew members aboard. The spacecraft disintegrated 46,000 feet (14 km) above
the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 11:39 a.m. EST (16:39 UTC).

It was the first fatal accident involving an American spacecraft in flight. The mission,
designated STS-51-L, was the tenth flight for the orbiter and the twenty-fifth flight of the Space
Shuttle fleet. The crew was scheduled to deploy a communications satellite and study Halley's
Comet while they were in orbit, in addition to taking school teacher Christa McAuliffe into
space.

The latter resulted in a higher than usual media interest and coverage of the mission; the
launch and subsequent disaster were seen live in many schools across the United States. The
cause of the disaster was the failure of both the primary and secondary redundant O-ring seals in
a joint in the shuttle's right solid rocket booster.

The record-low temperatures of the launch had stiffened the rubber O-rings, reducing
their ability to seal the joints. Shortly after liftoff, the seals were breached, and hot pressurized
gas from within the SRB leaked through the joint and burned through the aft attachment strut
connecting it to the external propellant tank, and later the tank itself. The collapse of the ET's
internal structures and the rotation of the SRB that followed threw the shuttle stack, traveling at a
speed of Mach 1.92, into a direction which allowed aerodynamic forces to tear the orbiter apart.
Both SRBs detached from the now-destroyed ET and continued to fly uncontrolled until the
range safety officer destroyed them.

The crew compartment and many other fragments from the shuttle were recovered from
the ocean floor after a three-month search-and-recovery operation. The exact timing of the deaths
of the crew is unknown, but several crew members are thought to have survived the initial
breakup of the spacecraft.

6
 The orbiter had no escape system, and the impact of the crew compartment at terminal
velocity with the ocean surface was too violent to be survivable. The disaster resulted in a 32-
month hiatus in the Space Shuttle program. President Ronald Reagan created the Rogers
Commission to investigate the accident.

The commission criticized NASA's organizational culture and decision-making processes

that had contributed to the accident. Test data since 1977 had revealed a potentially catastrophic
flaw in the SRBs' O-rings.

Neither NASA nor SRB manufacturer Morton Thiokol addressed the issue. NASA
managers also disregarded engineers' warnings about the dangers of launching in cold
temperatures and did not report these technical concerns to their superiors. As a result of the
disaster, NASA established the Office of Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance, and arranged
for deployment of commercial satellites from expendable launch vehicles rather than from a
crewed orbiter.

7
 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On February 1, 2003, Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated as it reentered the atmosphere

over Texas and Louisiana, killing all seven astronauts on board. It was the second Space Shuttle
mission to end in disaster, after the loss of Challenger in 1986, which also killed all seven crew
members. During the STS-107 launch, a piece of the insulative foam broke off from the Space
Shuttle external tank and struck the thermal protection system tiles on the orbiter's left wing.
Similar foam shedding had occurred during previous Space Shuttle launches, causing damage that
ranged from minor to near-catastrophic, but some engineers suspected that the damage to Columbia
was more serious.

Before reentry, NASA managers had limited the investigation, reasoning that the crew could
not have fixed the problem if it had been confirmed. When Columbia reentered the atmosphere of
Earth, the damage allowed hot atmospheric gases to penetrate the heat shield and destroy the
internal wing structure, which caused the orbiter to become unstable and break apart.

After Columbia entered orbit, the NASA Intercenter Photo Working Group conducted a routine
review of videos of the launch. The group's analysts did not notice the debris strike until the second
day of the mission.

None of the cameras that recorded the launch even had a clear view of the debris striking the
wing, leaving the group unable to determine the level of damage sustained by the orbiter. The
group's chair contacted Wayne Hale, the Shuttle Program Manager for Launch Integration, to
request on-orbit imagery of Columbia's wing to assess its damage.

8
 Voyager 2

Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, to study the outer planets
and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. As a part of the Voyager program, it was
launched 16 days before its twin, Voyager 1, on a trajectory that took longer to reach gas giants
Jupiter and Saturn but enabled further encounters with ice giants Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 2
remains the only spacecraft to have visited either of the ice giant planets. Voyager 2 was the fourth
of five spacecraft to achieve Solar escape velocity, which allowed it to leave the Solar System.

Model of the Voyager spacecraft design

Encounter with Jupiter

Voyager 2's closest approach to Jupiter occurred at 22:29 UT on July 9,
1979.Jupiter's Great Red Spot was revealed as a complex storm moving in a
counterclockwise direction. Other smaller storms and eddies were found throughout
the banded clouds.

Encounter with Saturn

The closest approach to Saturn occurred at 03:24:05 UT on August 26, 1981.[40]

While passing behind Saturn (as viewed from Earth), Voyager 2 probed Saturn's
upper atmosphere with its radio link to gather information on atmospheric
temperature and density profiles. Voyager 2 found that at the uppermost pressure
levels, Saturn's temperature was 70 K (−203.2 °C), while at the deepest levels, the
temperature increased to 143 K (−130 °C). The north pole was found to be 10 K (−263.1 °C) cooler,
although this may be seasonal.

9
Encounter with Uranus
The closest approach to Uranus occurred on January 24, 1986, when Voyager
2 came within 81,500 km (50,600 mi) of the planet's cloudtops. Voyager 2 also
discovered 11 previously unknown moons: Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca,
Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Belinda, Puck and Perdita.

Encounter with Neptune

Following a mid-course correction in 1987, Voyager 2's closest approach to
Neptune occurred on August 25, 1989. Voyager 2 discovered previously
unknown Neptunian rings,[ and confirmed six new moons: Despina, Galatea,
Larissa, Proteus, Naiad and Thalassa.

Interstellar mission
Voyager 2 is now traveling through interstellar space. As of early November 2018, NASA
announced that Voyager 2 had crossed the outer edge of our solar system (Voyager 1 crossed the
boundary into interstellar space in 2012.) Voyager 2 is now approximately 12 billion miles (19
billion kilometers) away from Earth.

According to NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Voyager 2 has enough fuel to keep its
instruments running until at least 2025. By then, the spacecraft will be approximately 11.4 billion
miles (18.4 billion kilometers) away from the sun. But Voyager 2 is destined to roam the Milky
Way long after its instruments have stopped working.

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 Current Missions

Hubble

Since it launched in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope has made immense contributions to
astrobiology. Astronomers used Hubble to make the first measurements of the atmospheric
composition of extrasolar planets, and Hubble is now vigorously characterizing exoplanet
atmospheres with constituents such as sodium, hydrogen, and water vapor. Hubble observations
are also providing clues about how planets form, through studies of dust and debris disks around
young stars.

Not all of Hubble’s contributions involve distant targets. Hubble has also been used to study
bodies within the solar system, including asteroids, comets, planets, and moons, such as the
intriguing ocean-bearing icy moons Europa and Ganymede. Hubble has provided invaluable
insight into life’s potential in the solar system and beyond.

MAVEN

NASA’s atmosphere-sniffing Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission

launched in November 2013 and began orbiting Mars roughly a year later. Since that time, the
mission has made fundamental contributions to understanding the history of the Martian
atmosphere and climate.

Astrobiologists are working with this atmospheric data to better understand how and when Mars
lost its water and identifying periods in Mars’ history when habitable environments were most
likely to exist at the planet’s surface.

Mars Odyssey

For two decades, NASA’s Mars Odyssey – the longest-lived spacecraft at the Red Planet – has
helped locate ice, assess landing sites, and study the planet’s mysterious moons.

Odyssey has provided global maps of chemical elements and minerals that make up the surface of
Mars. These detailed maps are used by astrobiologists to determine the evolution of the Martian
environment and its potential for life.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is on a search for evidence that water persisted on
the surface of Mars for a long period of time. While other Mars missions have shown that water

11
flowed across the surface in Mars' history, it remains a mystery whether water was ever around
long enough to provide a habitat for life.

Data from MRO is essential to astrobiologists studying the potential for habitable environments
on past and present Mars. Additionally, these studies are important in building climate models for
Mars, and for use in comparative planetology studies for the potential habitability of exoplanets
that orbit distant stars.

Curiosity Mars Rover

The Curiosity Mars rover is studying whether Mars ever had environments capable of supporting
microbial life. In other words, its mission is to determine whether the planet had all of the
ingredients life needs – such as water, carbon, and a source of energy – by studying its climate
and geology.

It’s been nearly nine years since Curiosity touched down on Mars in 2012, and the robot
geologist keeps making new discoveries. Curiosity provided evidence that freshwater lakes filled
Gale Grater billions of years ago. Lakes and groundwater persisted for millions of years and
contained all the key elements necessary for life, demonstrating Mars was once habitable.

TESS Mission

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is the next step in the search for planets outside
of our solar system, including those that could support life. Launched in 2018, TESS is on a
mission to survey the entire sky and is expected to discover and catalogue thousands of
exoplanets around nearby bright stars.

To date, TESS has discovered more than 120 confirmed exoplanets and more than 2,600 planet
candidates. The planet-hunter will continue to find exoplanets targets that NASA’s
upcoming James Webb Space Telescope will study in further detail.

Perseverance Mars Rover

NASA’s newest robot astrobiologist, the Perseverance Mars rover, touched down safely on Mars
on February 18, 2021, and is kicking off a new era of exploration on the Red
Planet. Perseverance will search for signs of ancient microbial life, which will advance the
agency’s quest to explore the past habitability of Mars.

What really sets this mission apart is that the rover has a drill to collect core samples of Martian
rock and soil, and will store them in sealed tubes for pickup by a future Mars Sample
Return mission that would ferry them back to Earth for detailed analysis.

12
 Famous astronaut

In perhaps the most enthralling television broadcast of all time, American astronaut Neil
Armstrong stepped down from the ladder of their lunar lander onto a dull gray, alien surface. After
what seemed like an eternity (though it lasted only 11 seconds), Armstrong uttered the words that
still resonate today: “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”

American astronaut Jim Lovell commanded the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission to the Moon (a role
played by actor Tom Hanks in the film version the event). The first two days of the mission went
largely according to plan, albeit little noticed by the broader public. None of the three major U.S.
TV networks carried the crew’s primetime television broadcast the evening of April 13.

In a space agency filled with trailblazers, astronaut Sally Ride was a pioneer of a different sort.
The soft-spoken California physicist broke the gender barrier in 1983 when she rode to orbit aboard
space shuttle Challenger, becoming America’s first woman in space. (Valentina Tereshkova, a
Soviet female cosmonaut, crossed the boundary of space back in 1963.)

Highschool teacher Christa McAuliffe carried the dreams of countless students, as well as
educators, with her during her rise to fame in the mid 1980s. As part of NASA’s Teacher in Space
Project, she was selected from a pool of more than 10,000 applicants to be the first American
civilian to go to space. The goal was to have McAuliffe communicate with students while orbiting
Earth, not only inspiring them, but also fostering public interest in spaceflight.

Flying aboard Space Shuttle Endeavor in 1992, Dr. Mae Jemison became the first black woman
to travel into space, orbiting Earth some 127 time over a period of nearly eight days. Jemison also
wrote a number of children’s books, and in 1993, she even appeared in an episode of Star Trek:
The Next Generation. The pioneering astronaut has since been inducted in both the International
Space Hall of Fame, as well as the National Women’s Hall of Fame.

Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield is perhaps one of the most publicly engaging famous astronauts
around today. Although now retired, Hadfield visited two separate space stations during his career
— first the Russian Mir in 1995, then two stints on the ISS in 2012 and 2013.

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 The ISS

The International Space Station (ISS) is a multi-nation laboratory, orbiting 248 miles (400
kilometers) above our heads. It perhaps comes as no surprise that the ISS can easily be seen and
tracked from Earth.

The colossal structure reflects sunlight and appears as a bright white pinpoint of light in the
sky. According to NASA(opens in new tab), the ISS will typically be the brightest object in the sky
(except for the moon), and can even be spotted from the middle of a city.

The ISS is therefore a great skywatching target for those living in urban and rural areas alike.
Spotting the ISS requires no specialist equipment as it can be seen with the naked eye. All you need
to know is where to look and when.

NASA's spot the station widget (below) is a great tool for quickly finding out upcoming ISS
viewing opportunities. Simply pop in the location you wish to know for ISS sighting opportunities
and let the widget work its magic. It will tell you the time of the ISS flyover along with how long
it is visible, the maximum height it will reach in the sky and which direction it will appear and
disappear from your field of view. NASA's spot the station widget (below) is a great tool for
quickly finding out upcoming ISS viewing opportunities. Simply pop in the location you wish to
know for ISS sighting opportunities and let the widget work its magic.

It will tell you the time of the ISS flyover along with how long it is visible, the maximum height it
will reach in the sky and which direction it will appear and disappear from your field of view.

The ISS is only visible because it reflects sunlight(opens in new tab). It isn't bright enough to be
seen in the middle of the day and the best time to view the ISS is either at dawn or dusk. Viewing
opportunities of the ISS can vary between one sighting a month to several a week, depending on
your location and the orbit of the ISS.

In addition, NASA's Spot the Station website(opens in new tab) is a great place to explore ISS
sighting opportunities in your area. You can even sign up for email or text alerts for when the space
station is flying over so you'll never miss a viewing opportunity again.

14
Though it's worth noting you will only get NASA's Spot the Station alerts when the ISS is passing
over with a maximum height of at least 40 degrees, this is because the ISS will be visible above
most landscapes at this height.

The ISS makes for a fun and interesting observing target in the night sky. With its location and
movement tracked with great accuracy as well as night sky alerts from NASA's Spot the Station
website, it's perhaps one of the easiest objects to spot in the night sky.

15
 Project Apollo

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human
spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),
which succeeded in preparing and landing the first humans on the Moon from 1968 to 1972. It was
first conceived in 1960 during President Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-person
spacecraft to follow the one-person Project Mercury, which put the first Americans in space.
Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal for the 1960s of "landing
a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" in an address to Congress on May 25,
1961. It was the third US human spaceflight program to fly, preceded by the two-person Project
Gemini conceived in 1961 to extend spaceflight capability in support of Apollo.

Kennedy's goal was accomplished on the Apollo 11 mission when astronauts Neil
Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Apollo Lunar Module (LM) on July 20, 1969, and walked
on the lunar surface, while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the command and service
module (CSM), and all three landed safely on Earth in the Pacific Ocean on July 24. Five
subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last, Apollo 17, in December
1972. In these six spaceflights, twelve people walked on the Moon.

Buzz Aldrin (pictured) walked on the Moon with Neil Armstrong, on Apollo 11, July 20–21, 1969.

16
Earthrise, the iconic 1968 image from Apollo 8 taken by astronaut William Anders

Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, with the first crewed flight in 1968. It encountered a major setback
in 1967 when an Apollo 1 cabin fire killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test. After the first
successful landing, sufficient flight hardware remained for nine follow-on landings with a plan for
extended lunar geological and astrophysical exploration. Budget cuts forced the cancellation of
three of these. Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo
13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon, crippling the CSM.
The crew barely returned to Earth safely by using the lunar module as a "lifeboat" on the return
journey. Apollo used the Saturn family of rockets as launch vehicles, which were also used for
an Apollo Applications Program, which consisted of Skylab, a space station that supported three
crewed missions in 1973–1974, and the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, a joint United States-Soviet
Union low Earth orbit mission in 1975.

Apollo set several major human spaceflight milestones. It stands alone in sending crewed missions
beyond low Earth orbit. Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to orbit another celestial body,
and Apollo 11 was the first crewed spacecraft to land humans on one.

Overall the Apollo program returned 842 pounds (382 kg) of lunar rocks and soil to Earth, greatly
contributing to the understanding of the Moon's composition and geological history. The program
laid the foundation for NASA's subsequent human spaceflight capability, and funded construction
of its Johnson Space Center and Kennedy Space Center. Apollo also spurred advances in many
areas of technology incidental to rocketry and human spaceflight, including avionics,
telecommunications, and computers.

17
 Facts about NASA

1. The SR-71, or Blackbird, was a secretive spy aircraft used by NASA for high-speed, high-
altitude aeronautical research. It was designed in the late 1950s and first flew in 1964.
2. NASA’s Vehicle Assembly Building is that large it can have rain clouds form near the
ceiling inside the building on humid days. To counteract this, it has one of the world’s
largest air conditioning systems.
3. NASA actually has an Office of Planetary Protection in case life is found on another planet.
4. Lonnie Johnson, a NASA scientist, invented the Super Soaker; he also helped develop the
stealth bomber.
5. President John F. Kennedy set NASA the goal of sending a man to the moon by the end of
the 1960s. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon as part
of the Apollo 11 mission.
6. NASA was sued by three gentlemen from Yemen for trespassing on Mars. They claimed
that they had inherited the planet from their ancestors 3000 years ago.
7. In 2006 NASA had to get hold of and restore copies of the original moon landing from CBS
and the Johnson Space Center after admitting to accidentally recording over their own tape
recordings.
8. Gregory Nemitz’s firm Orbital Development issued NASA a $20 parking ticket after saying
asteroid 433 Eros belonged to them and NASA’s craft NEAR Shoemaker had landed
without permission.
9. In 1999 NASA lost an orbiter as one-half of the engineers were using metric
measurements and the other was using imperial.
10. The NASA Dryden Flight Research Center is in Edwards, California.
11. An intern, Thad Roberts, was incarcerated for 7 years after having intercourse on stolen
moon rocks.
12. People can get paid around $9,000 per month by NASA to lie in bed for every minute of
the day for up to 70 days; they then monitor these volunteers to perfect methods for
astronauts into space.

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13. NASA ran a competition among elementary and secondary school students to name a new
shuttle. Then-president George H.W. Bush announced the winner of Endeavour
in May 1989.
14. The logos of the organization are known as the meatball and worm. The worm was to
represent the new and aerodynamic. Everyone hated it, and they went back to the meatball.
15. NASA is estimated to have sent over 2200 animals into space, including insects, pigs,
monkeys, rats, rabbits, and spiders. 2000 were sent on one mission STS-90, in 1998.
16. Columbia was NASA’s first space shuttle. On February 1, 2003, its 28th mission, it
crumbled into pieces over Texas whilst on re-entry.
17. NASA found a solution to the dreaded breadcrumb and instrument problem after some
serious contemplation. Since 1985 astronauts have used tortillas instead of bread to
minimize risk.
18. NASA’s slogan is “To explore the Universe and search for life; to inspire the next
generation of explorers, as only NASA can.”
19. As of January 2016, visitors of the Space Center Houston will be greeted by a life-size
replica of the Space Shuttle, known as Independence, on a NASA 905 shuttle carrier
aircraft. The center is available to hire.
20. A US flag that went on two separate moon missions hangs in NASA’s mission control
room.

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 Conclusion

The NASA Earth Science program provides information about the Earth that plays
a vital role in our scientific advancement, our national security, and the American economy.
In addition to a robust science program, NASA Earth Science supports fundamental
services that underpin economic activities of farmers, the construction sector, and small
businesses.
Most people know NASA for its moon shots and participation in the International
Space Station; many don’t realize that NASA also supports its space mission through its
Earth Science program. In order to develop instruments of sufficient “maturity” (reliability
in performance and quality of measurements), these instruments need to be tested in
airborne measurement campaigns. NASA cleverly combines instrument development with
science advancement.
NASA is uniquely positioned to combine lower Earth orbit measurements (like aircraft)
and upper earth measurements (like satellites) to advance our understanding of the Earth
processes.
NASA operates its own aircraft and can provide the cost-savings leverages available
to a large program. In addition, NASA is a major funder of Earth Science through its
ROSES program, where university researchers are funded to contribute to earth sciences.
There are so many examples from NASA Earth Science worthy of note.

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 Sources

https://www.nasa.gov/about/index.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqUtKNKD8UM&t=58s&ab_channel=NASAGoddard
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezastrul_navetei_spa%C8%9Biale_Challenger
The NASA Archives. 60 Years in Space
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo43Gq_Xe1M&list=PL2aBZuCeDwlQAGW6uo18_FMl0e
IhkeOOv&index=1
https://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebooks/historical_studies_societal_impact_spaceflight_detail.html

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