INSTRUCTIONS

You are about to take Copernicus Exam.

Please read the followings carefully.

1. The exam has 25 multiple choice-questions. Each question weighs 4

points. The maximum score a student can get is 100. There is a penalty
of one point for each incorrect answer. So only answer the questions you
are sure of.

2. Start with the easier questions, you can always come back to the
questions you leave.
3. The time allocated for the exam is 60 minutes. You will start when the
invigilator tells you to start.
4. You are required to comply with the directions given by the head
invigilator before the examination.
5. Those who are taking the exam with a mobile phone MUST make sure
that during the examination no one calls.
6. If anything in the examination is unclear, you can contact the invigilator.
7. Where permitted you may use a translation dictionary.
8. Students must not give or receive assistance of any kind during the
exam. Any cheating, any attempt to cheat, assisting others to cheat,
participating therein, or engaging in such improper conduct is a serious
violation and will generally result in disqualifying.

Remember that “Hard work beats

talent when talent doesn't work hard”
We wish you the very best luck on the exam.
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
January 2023 - Category V

1. What is the value of 𝑥 𝑦(𝑥−𝑦)2 1

2020 ∙ 2024 − 2010 ∙ 2034? 5. Find the value of − − .
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑥 4 −𝑦 4 𝑥+𝑦

A) 2022 A) 𝑥
B) 1011 B) 𝑥+𝑦
C) 400 C) 𝑥−𝑦
D) 140 D) 0

2. Calculate the value of 6. Calculate the value of

1 1 1 1 1 1 sin 40° + sin 20° − sin 80°.
+ + + + + .
3 15 35 63 99 143
A) 0
2011
A) B) − sin 20°
2022
1 C) 0.5
B)
2
D) sin 20°
6
C)
13
11
D)
13 7. Find 𝑥 if 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 = 258.

A) 3
B) 6
3. What is the remainder when 202216 is
divided by 17? C) 9
D) 12
A) 1
B) 2
C) 15 3
8. Find 𝑛, if 𝑛 + ⌊√𝑛⌋ + ⌊ √𝑛⌋ = 2022. Note: ⌊𝑥⌋
D) 16 is the biggest natural number no more than
𝑥.

A) 1964
4. Calculate the value of
1 1 1 1 B) 1965
+ + + .
√4+√5 √5+√6 √6+√7 √7+√8 C) 1966

A) 2(√2 − 1) D) 1967

B) √8 − √4
C) √2
D) 0
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
January 2023 - Category V

9. How many triplets of prime numbers are 13. Real numbers 𝑎 and 𝑏 satisfy the equations
solutions of the equation below? 3𝑎 = 81𝑏+2 and 125𝑏 = 5𝑎−3 . What is the
value of 𝑎𝑏?
3𝑝4 − 5𝑞 4 − 4𝑟 2 = 26
A) −60
A) 0
B) −12
B) 1
C) 12
C) 2
D) 60
D) 3

14. Students from Mrs. Hein’s class are standing

10. Calculate the value of in a circle. They are evenly spaced and
2𝑎 2𝑎 8𝑎 𝑎−4 consecutively numbered starting with 1.
( + + ): .
𝑎+2 6−3𝑎 𝑎2 −4 𝑎−2 The student with number 3 is standing
directly across from the student with
A) 𝑎 number 17. How many students are there in
B) 𝑎+2 Ms. Hein’s class?
𝑎
C) A) 28
𝑎+2
4𝑎 B) 29
D)
3(𝑎−4) C) 30
D) 31

11. Find the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 − 𝑑, if

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 20 15. Calculate the value of the expression

{ . below.
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑 + 𝑐𝑑 = 150

A) 0 5√𝑥 + √𝑦 5√𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑥√𝑦 − 25𝑦√𝑦

( + )∙( )
B) 10 √𝑥 − 5√𝑦 √𝑥 + 5√𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
C) 12
A) 𝑥+𝑦
D) 16
B) 5𝑥𝑦
C) 10√𝑦

12. If 𝑚 = 32!, which statement is true? D) 5(√𝑥 + √𝑦)

A) 𝑚 < 270
B) 270 < 𝑚 < 2100
16. What is 3𝑎𝑏 + 8𝑎−3𝑏 , if 𝑎𝑏 = 2?
C) 2100 < 𝑚 < 2130
D) 2130 < 𝑚 A) 5
B) 7
C) 8
D) 24
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
January 2023 - Category V

17. Let 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 . What is 21. The polynomial 𝑥 4 − 𝑏𝑥 2 − 1550𝑥 + 𝑑 has 4
𝑓(20, 12) − 𝑓(12, 20)? real roots. Find the sum of their cubes.

A) 26 A) 4450
B) 27 B) 4550
C) 28 C) 4650
D) 29 D) 4750

18. The parallelogram 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is such that 22. Find the only positive root of
∠𝐵 < 90° and 𝐴𝐵 < 𝐵𝐶. Points 𝐸 and 𝐹 are 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 = 3.
chosen on the circumscribed circle 𝜔 of
triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 so that the tangents to 𝜔 at √5−1
these points pass through point 𝐷. If A)
2
∠𝐸𝐷𝐴 = ∠𝐹𝐷𝐶, find angle ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶.
√5
B)
A) 30° 2
√5+1
B) 45° C)
2
C) 60°
D) √5
D) 90°

23. Calculate the value of (cos 165° − cos 105°)2.

19. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 . What is 𝑓(5, 2)?
2 2

1
A) −27 A)
√3
B) −12 1
B)
2
C) −9
√3
D) 0 C)
2
D) 1

20. If 𝑥 and 𝑦 are real numbers satisfying

𝑥 2 𝑦 = 12 and 𝑥𝑦 2 = 18, find 𝑥 + 𝑦.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
January 2023 - Category V

24. What number should replace the question 25. 473982 is to 1419 as 329684 is to 1418.
mark? Therefore, 751694 is to what?

A) 1213
B) 1319
C) 1913
D) 2115

A) 6
B) 8
C) 9
D) 4
 INSTRUCTIONS

You are about to take Copernicus Exam.

Please read the followings carefully.

1. The exam has 25 multiple choice-questions. Each question weighs 4

points. The maximum score a student can get is 100. There is a penalty
of one point for each incorrect answer. So only answer the questions you
are sure of.

2. Start with the easier questions, you can always come back to the
questions you leave.
3. The time allocated for the exam is 60 minutes. You will start when the
invigilator tells you to start.
4. You are required to comply with the directions given by the head
invigilator before the examination.
5. Those who are taking the exam with a mobile phone MUST make sure
that during the examination no one calls.
6. If anything in the examination is unclear, you can contact the invigilator.
7. Where permitted you may use a translation dictionary.
8. Students must not give or receive assistance of any kind during the
exam. Any cheating, any attempt to cheat, assisting others to cheat,
participating therein, or engaging in such improper conduct is a serious
violation and will generally result in disqualifying.

Remember that “Hard work beats

talent when talent doesn't work hard”
We wish you the very best luck on the exam.
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
February 2023 - Category V

3
1. Find 𝑛, if 𝑛 + ⌊√𝑛⌋ + ⌊ √𝑛⌋ = 2022. (⌊𝑥⌋ is 5. Find the 70th term of the pattern below.
biggest natural number no more than 𝑥).
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th … 70th
A) 1964 1 4 7 10 13 … 𝑥
B) 1965
A) 172
C) 1966
B) 195
D) 1967
C) 208
D) 301

2. Consider a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 with 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶, and

𝐷 the foot of the altitude from the vertex 𝐴.
The point 𝐸 lies on the side 𝐴𝐵 such that 6. Solve:
∠𝐴𝐶𝐸 = ∠𝐸𝐶𝐵 = 18°. If 𝐴𝐷 = 3, find the
length of the segment 𝐶𝐸.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 3√3
D) 6

3. Let 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 be a regular hexagon with

𝑀 ∈ 𝐷𝐸 and 𝑁 ∈ 𝐶𝐷 such that ∠𝐴𝑀𝑁 = 90°
𝐷𝑀 A) 82
and 𝐴𝑁 = 𝐶𝑀 ⋅ √2. Find the value of .
𝑀𝐸
B) 93
A) 2 C) 114
B) 3 D) 125
C) 2√3
2
D)
√3 7. Find the value of 𝐾.

𝐾 𝐾
4. Find the greatest positive integer 𝑥 such 𝐾 𝐾 𝐿 𝐿
that 23𝑥+6 divides 2000!.
− 𝐿 𝐿 + 𝑀 𝑀
A) 82
𝑀 𝑀 1 5 4
B) 83
C) 84 A) 3
D) 85 B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
February 2023 - Category V

8. What is 3𝑎𝑏 + 8𝑎−3𝑏 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑏 = 2? 11. Find the simplest form of the following
expression:
A) 5
16 − (4𝑎 − 𝑎2 )2 1
B) 7 ⋅
2
𝑎 − 4𝑎 − 4 2−𝑎
C) 8
D) 24 A) 𝑎−2
B) 𝑎+2
1
C)
𝑎−2
9. Solve:
D) 1

12. Find the value of 𝑥.

1
𝑥 2
=
3 3
1−𝑥

9
A)
2
7
A) 14 B)
3
B) 23 3
C)
C) 34 8

D) 35 D) 1

10. Find the value of 𝑥 in the pattern below. 13. Students from Mrs. Hein’s class are standing
in a circle. They are evenly spaced and
2, 9, 19, 32, 48, 67, 𝑥 consecutively numbered starting with 1.
The student with number 3 is standing
A) 79 directly across from the student with
number 17. How many students are there in
B) 83 Ms. Hein’s class?
C) 89
A) 28
D) 91
B) 29
C) 30
D) 31
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
February 2023 - Category V

14. The numbers 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , and 𝑎4 are drawn 16. Emmy is playing with a calculator. She
one at a time from the set {0, 1, 2, … , 9}. If enters an integer, and takes its square root.
these four numbers are drawn with Then she repeats the process with the
replacement, what is the probability that integer part (round down) of the answer.
𝑎1 𝑎4 − 𝑎2 𝑎3 is an even number? After the third process, the integer part
equals 1 for the first time. What is the
1 difference between the largest and the
A)
4 smallest number Emmy could have started
3 with?
B)
8
3 A) 231
C)
4 B) 239
5 C) 241
D)
8
D) 243

15. Arne has a box with 100 chips of colors red,

white, blue, and black. Each chips has only 17. Peter has three boxes, with ten balls in
one color. Arne told Berit that she (Berit) each. He plays a game in which the goal is
must pick at least 81 chips from the box to to end up with few balls as possible in the
be sure of getting at least one of each color, boxes. The boxes are each marked with one
if she picks them without looking. After number from {4, 7, 10}. It is allowed to
some thought, Berit concluded correctly remove 𝑁 balls from the box marked with
that the box contains at least 𝑁 chips of each the number 𝑁, put three of them aside, and
color, but at most 𝑀 of each. What is the put the rest in another box. What is the
smallest possible value of 𝑀 − 𝑁? least total number of balls in the boxes can
contain in the end?
A) 0
A) 0
B) 5
B) 1
C) 20
C) 2
D) 40
D) 3

18. The parallelogram 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is such that

∠𝐵 < 90° and 𝐴𝐵 < 𝐵𝐶. Points 𝐸 and 𝐹 are
chosen on the circumscribed circle 𝜔 of
triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 so that the tangents to 𝜔 at
these points pass through point 𝐷. If
∠𝐸𝐷𝐴 = ∠𝐹𝐷𝐶, find angle ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶.

A) 30°
B) 45°
C) 60°
D) 90°
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
February 2023 - Category V

19. In how many ways can we exchange a $20 21. Alice put a liter (1000 𝑐𝑚3 ) of water in a jar
bill for $0.10 and $0.25 coins? and measured the water level. Then she
placed a solid silver object in the jar and
A) 21 measured the water level again, according
to the figure. The mass of one cubic
B) 36
centimeter of silver is 10.5 grams. What is
C) 38 the mass of this object?
D) 41

20. Grandma Beth wanted to know which of

her five granddaughters had made a
drawing on the wall of her living room. The
granddaughters made the following
statements:
• Emily: “It wasn't me.” A) 1050 𝑔
• Laura: “Mary or Tina were the ones who
designed it.” B) 1500 𝑔
• Mary: “It was not Tina or Vicky.” C) 1800 𝑔
• Tina: “It was not Laura.”
D) 2100 𝑔
• Vicky: “Laura is not telling the truth.”
If only one of the granddaughters lied, who
drew the drawing?
22. In the 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 parallelogram of the figure, the
A) Emily points 𝑀 and 𝑁 are points on the 𝐵𝐶 and
B) Laura 𝐶𝐷 sides, respectively. Areas 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, and 𝑑
are known. What is the value of the 𝑥 area?
C) Mary
D) Tina

A) 𝑐+𝑑−𝑎
B) 𝑎+𝑐+𝑑−𝑏
C) 𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 − 2𝑏
D) 𝑎+𝑑−𝑏
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
February 2023 - Category V

23. The figure shows an 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 pentagon such 25. An ant walks down the grid below and can
that 𝐴𝐵 = 4 , 𝐵𝐶 = 8 , 𝐶𝐷 = 1, 𝐴𝐸 = 4 , and move just to the right or up. If it has two
the ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶, ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷, and ∠𝐸𝐴𝐵 angles are options to move, it chooses one at random,
straight. The 𝑃 point moves over the 𝐴𝐵 1
with probability. What is the probability
and 𝐵𝐶 sides. How many positions can 2
point 𝑃 occupy on the 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐶 sides so that the ant starts at point 𝐴 and ends at
that the 𝑃𝐷𝐸 triangle is isosceles? point 𝐵?

A) 5 1
A)
B) 4 5
1
C) 3 B)
32
D) 2 1
C)
2
1
D)
24. A container, initially empty, is filled by two 8
taps with different flow rates. If each tap is
1
opened for of the time required for the
3
5
other to fulfill the container, it will have of
6
its capacity filled. In addition, the two taps
together fulfill the container initially empty
in 2 hours and 30 minutes. How long does
it take to the higher flow rate tap fulfill the
container?

A) 3 hours
B) 3 hours and 15 minutes
C) 3 hours and 30 minutes
D) 3 hours and 45 minutes
 INSTRUCTIONS

You are about to take Copernicus Exam.

Please read the followings carefully.

1. The exam has 25 multiple choice-questions. Each question weighs 4

points. The maximum score a student can get is 100. There is a penalty
of one point for each incorrect answer. So only answer the questions you
are sure of.

2. Start with the easier questions, you can always come back to the
questions you leave.
3. The time allocated for the exam is 60 minutes. You will start when the
invigilator tells you to start.
4. You are required to comply with the directions given by the head
invigilator before the examination.
5. Those who are taking the exam with a mobile phone MUST make sure
that during the examination no one calls.
6. If anything in the examination is unclear, you can contact the invigilator.
7. Where permitted you may use a translation dictionary.
8. Students must not give or receive assistance of any kind during the
exam. Any cheating, any attempt to cheat, assisting others to cheat,
participating therein, or engaging in such improper conduct is a serious
violation and will generally result in disqualifying.

Remember that “Hard work beats

talent when talent doesn't work hard”
We wish you the very best luck on the exam.
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
March 2023 - Category V

1. It is known that 𝑃(𝑥) leaves remainder 4. Given that the equation below has two
(𝑥 + 3) when divided by (𝑥 2 – 3𝑥 + 2) and distinct real roots, what is the sum of the
remainder (3𝑥 − 5) when divided by positive integer values that 𝑚 can take?
(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2). So, which of the following is
the remainder when dividing the (𝑚 − 2)𝑥 2 − 2𝑚𝑥 + 𝑚 + 6 = 0
polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) by (𝑥 2 – 1)?
A) 1
A) 3𝑥 + 1 B) 2
B) 6𝑥– 2 C) 3
C) 6𝑥 + 2 D) 6
D) 3𝑥– 5 E) 10
E) 5𝑥– 1

5. The equation 𝑥 2 – 6𝑥 + 𝑚 = 0, where 𝑚 is an

2. Knowing that 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 24, which of integer, has two distinct non real roots.
the following is the quotient obtained when According to this, how many distinct
the sum 𝑃(𝑥 + 5) + 𝑃(𝑥 − 5) is divided by quadratic equations are there with the form
𝑥 − 1? 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 6 + 𝑚 = 0 and with two distinct
real roots each?
A) 2𝑥– 2
A) 8
B) 5𝑥– 10
B) 9
C) 3𝑥– 6
C) 10
D) 𝑥– 1
D) 11
E) 2𝑥– 4
E) 12

3. Considering that the zeros of the

polynomial below are – 3, 5, 𝑎, and 𝑏, with 6. The golden ratio is the harmony observed
−3 < 𝑎 < 5, what is the remainder of the between the parts of a whole in science, art
division of the polynomial 𝑃(3𝑥 − 2) by and nature. It is a geometric and numerical
(𝑥 − 1)? relationship that can be expressed by the
equation 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0, with 𝑚, the largest
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑝𝑥 3 + 𝑟𝑥 2 + 𝑛𝑥 + 90 root of the equation, being the golden
ratio. Being 𝑝 and 𝑟 positive integers, we
A) 48 have 𝑚4 = 𝑝𝑚 + 𝑟. Knowing this, what is the
value of the sum 𝑝 + 𝑟?
B) 56
C) 72 A) 5
D) 84 B) 4
E) 96 C) 3
D) 6
E) 10
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
March 2023 - Category V

7. Which of the following is an equation 10. How many integers are in the largest
whose roots are the reciprocals of the roots domain of the function below?
of the equation below?
log⁡(𝑥 − 5)
2 𝑓(𝑥) =
3𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 2 = 0 ln⁡(18 − 𝑥)

A) 2𝑥 2 – 4𝑥– 3 = 0 A) 11
B) 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥– 3 = 0 B) 10
C) 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥– 3 = 0 C) 9
D) 2𝑥 2 – 3𝑥 + 4 = 0 D) 8
E) 2
3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 4 = 0 E) 7

8. The roots of the equation below are 𝑥1 and 11. The positions of 𝐾 and 𝐿 points on the
𝑥2 . If (𝑥1 + 4) ⋅ (𝑥2 + 4) = 39, then what is cartesian plane are shown in the image.
the value of 𝑎? Accordingly, what is the value of the integer
𝑚?
𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 + 7 = 0

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) –3
E) –4

9. The roots of the equation below are 𝑥1 and

A) 19
𝑥2 . Which of the following could be a
quadratic equation with roots 3𝑥1 − 2 and B) 20
3𝑥2 − 2? C) 21

𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 7 = 0 D) 22
E) 24
A) 𝑥 2 – 8𝑥 + 23 = 0
B) 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥– 47 = 0
C) 𝑥 2 – 17𝑥 + 83 = 0 12. If log 2 (4𝑥 − 3) − log 2 (2𝑥 + 3) = 0, then what
D) 2
𝑥 – 8𝑥– 83 = 0 is the value of log 2 (log 9 𝑥)?
E) 𝑥 2 – 3𝑥 + 14 = 0 A) –1
B) –2
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
March 2023 - Category V

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 (𝑏) 15. In a factory that produces plastic goods,

13. Consider that 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (𝑏) = , for
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 (𝑎) 30% of the daily production is made by 𝐴
𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℝ+ and 𝑎 ≠ 1, 𝑐 ≠ 1. If 𝑚 = log 2 11 machines, 20% by 𝐵 and 50% by 𝐶
and 𝑛 = log11 3, which of the following is machines. The percentage of defective
the equivalent of log 33 6 in terms of 𝑚 and output of these machines are 3%, 4%, and
𝑛? 2%, respectively. Given that a randomly
selected plastic item at the end of a
1+𝑚𝑛 production day is defective, what is the
A)
𝑚+𝑚𝑛 probability that it was produced by
𝑚+𝑚𝑛 machine 𝐵?
B)
𝑛+𝑛𝑚
8
1+𝑚𝑛 A)
C) 27
𝑛+𝑛𝑚
5
𝑚+𝑛 B)
D) 26
𝑚𝑛+1
9
1+𝑚𝑛 C)
E) 23
𝑚–𝑛
4
D)
18
3
14. On the Richter scale, the magnitude 𝑅 of an E)
14
earthquake is calculated using the
expression 𝑅 = log 𝑇, where 𝑇 is the
destructive power of the earthquake. So
how many times more destructive is a 16. Paul draws a card from a bag containing 9
magnitude 7.8 earthquake compared to a cards numbered 1 to 9. If the drawn card is
magnitude 5.8 earthquake, both measured not an odd number, he holds it in his hand
on the Richter scale? and draws a new card. This process
continues until an odd number appears for
A) 1 the first time. According to this, what is the
B) 10 probability that the odd number is drawn
on Paul´s third try?
C) 50
5
D) 75 A)
42
E) 100
10
B)
13
11
C)
42
5
D)
9
4
E)
21
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
March 2023 - Category V

17. The numbers shown in the figure are 19. The function 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic and has a
written on the faces of the cube and the period equal to 7. It is also known that
regular tetrahedron, whose open forms are 𝑓(8) = 9 and 𝑓(2) = 13. So, what is the
given in the images. These shapes are value of the difference 𝑓(16) − 𝑓(1)?
folded to form a regular tetrahedron and
cube, and then thrown into the air. What is A) 22
the probability that the sum of the numbers
B) 13
on the visible faces of the two shapes when
they fall on a flat surface is 37? C) 9
D) 4
E) –4

20. Let 𝑔(𝑥) be the sum of areas of the shaded

regions in the graph, from – 3 to 𝑥 and from
1
A) 𝑥 to 7. A function 𝑓(𝑥) is defined. Knowing
24
that 𝑔(2) = 20, what is the value of the sum
1 𝑓(– 3) + 𝑓(7)?
B)
16
1
C)
12
1
D)
8
1
E)
6

18. For the widest domain of the function, how A) 12

many integer values are there in the range
B) 10
set of 𝑓(𝑥)?
C) 8
𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 3| − |𝑥 + 7| D) 7
A) 18 E) 6
B) 19
C) 20
D) 21
E) 22
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
March 2023 - Category V

21. Which of the following is the function 23. If 𝑎 and 𝑏 are integers such that 2𝑎 = 𝑏 3
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) graphed in the figure? and 𝑎𝑏−1 ⁡ = 4, what is the value of the
difference 2𝑎 − 3𝑏?

A) –3
B) –1
C) 0
D) 1
E) 2

24. The pointer on a scale shows the weight, in

kilograms, of objects placed on it. Figure 1
A) |𝑥– 3| + 𝑥
shows the scale pointer after an empty
B) |𝑥 + 3|– 𝑥 plate has been placed on it. Figure 2 shows
C) |𝑥– 3| the scale pointer after 4 equal pieces of
cheese have been placed on the plate. So,
D) |𝑥– 3|– |𝑥| what is the weight in kilograms of one of
E) |𝑥– 3|– 𝑥 these pieces of cheese?

22. Diane has 2 candies less than Heidi and 5

candies more than Tom. Which of the
following must be true for all three friends
to have the same amount of candy?

A) Heidi should give 3 candies and

Diane 2 candies to Tom. Figure 1 Figure 2
B) Heidi should give 4 candies to Tom.
A) 1
C) Heidi should give 2 candies and
B) 1.2
Diane 1 candy for Tom.
C) 1.4
D) Heidi should give 3 candies and
Diane should give 1 candy to Tom. D) 1.5
E) Tom should give one candy to E) 1.6
Diane and get 4 candies from Heidi.
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
March 2023 - Category V

25. Orange juice produced in a fruit juice

factory is stored in 1.5 liter glass bottles or
2.5 liter plastic gallon. For this factory, the
total cost of a glass bottle of orange juice is
$3.7 and the total cost of a plastic gallon of
orange juice is $4.5. Also, the cost of the
glass bottle to this factory is $0.2 more than
the cost of the plastic gallon. So what is the
cost of 1 liter of orange juice for this
factory?

A) 0.9
B) 1
C) 1.2
D) 1.3
E) 1.4
 INSTRUCTIONS

You are about to take Copernicus Exam.

Please read the followings carefully.

1. The exam has 25 multiple choice-questions. Each question weighs 4

points. The maximum score a student can get is 100. There is a penalty
of one point for each incorrect answer. So only answer the questions you
are sure of.

2. Start with the easier questions, you can always come back to the
questions you leave.
3. The time allocated for the exam is 60 minutes. You will start when the
invigilator tells you to start.
4. You are required to comply with the directions given by the head
invigilator before the examination.
5. Those who are taking the exam with a mobile phone MUST make sure
that during the examination no one calls.
6. If anything in the examination is unclear, you can contact the invigilator.
7. Where permitted you may use a translation dictionary.
8. Students must not give or receive assistance of any kind during the
exam. Any cheating, any attempt to cheat, assisting others to cheat,
participating therein, or engaging in such improper conduct is a serious
violation and will generally result in disqualifying.

Remember that “Hard work beats

talent when talent doesn't work hard”
We wish you the very best luck on the exam.
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
April 2023 - Category V

1. The roots of the equation 4. What is the sum of the abscissas of points 𝐴
𝑛𝑥 2 + 8𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑛 + 30 = 0 are 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 . and 𝐵?
Knowing that 𝑥1 = 3𝑥2 , what is the value of
𝑛?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) −1

2. The graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) is given

below, where 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ. Accordingly, in
which of the following intervals the rate of A) 4
change of the function is negative?
B) 5
C) 6
D) 8

5. Which of the following represents one of

the ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) that satisfies the
system of equations below?
A) (−3, −2)
3𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 48
B) (−2, 2) {
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 13 + 2𝑥𝑦
C) (2, 4)
D) (4, 5) A) (2, 5)
B) (−3, 2)
C) (3, −2)
3. If the parabola defined by the function D) (−2, 3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑎 + 1 passes through
the point (−2, 17), what is the value of 𝑎?

A) 1 6. Which of the following is the solution set of

the inequality 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 24 < 0?
B) 2
C) 3 A) ]4, 6[
D) 4 B) ] − 6, 4[
C) ] − 4, 6[
D) ] − 6, 2[
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
April 2023 - Category V

7. Only one of the 4 different keys held by the 10. What is the sum of the values of 𝑥 that
biology teacher opens the door of the satisfy the equation below?
biology laboratory. If the tried key does not
open the door, that key will not be tried log 𝑥 + log(𝑥 − 4) = log(𝑥 + 6)
again. What is the probability that the door
will open on the 3rd try? A) 5
B) 6
1
A) C) 7
4
1 D) 8
B)
2
1
C)
3
3 11. Considering that the expression below is
D) defined in the set of complex numbers,
4
what is the value of 𝑥 that satisfies such
equation?

8. What is the value of log 𝑏 𝑎? (5 − 𝑖) ∙ (5 + 𝑖)

= 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖
(1 + 𝑖)
log 7 (𝑎 + 3) = 1
A) 8
log 3 (𝑏 + 1) = 2
B) 9
1 C) 11
A)
2
D) 13
2
B)
3
C) 1
3 12. If the equation below has two equal real
D) roots, what is the value of 𝑛?
2

𝑥 2 + (2𝑛 + 3)𝑥 + 𝑛2 + 6 = 0

9. What is the value of log 𝑥 𝑦? 4

A) −
5
ln 𝑥 3 + ln 𝑦 = 11 5
B) −
4 3
ln 𝑥 − ln 𝑦 = 3
3
C)
1 4
A)
2 5
D)
3 4
B)
2
C) 2
5
D)
2
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
April 2023 - Category V

13. The general term of a numerical sequence 16. The catheti of a right triangle are
is given. Select the option that selects, from proportional to 5 and 12. If the perimeter of
the elements listed below, all those that are this triangle is 60 units, what is the length of
less than 7. its hypotenuse?

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 5𝑛 − 11 A) 6
B) 13
I. 𝑎4
II. 𝑎6 C) 20
III. 𝑎8 D) 26
A) Only I
B) Only II
17. The ages of Samuel and Khalid in 2002 and
C) I and II
2014 are given in the table below. Based on
D) II and III this, what was Khalid's age in 2020?

Samuel Khalid
2002 𝑛 𝑚−8
14. he general term of a numerical sequence is 2014 𝑚 + 24 36 − 𝑛
given below. Which term of this sequence
is equal to 37? A) 16
3𝑛 + 7, if 𝑛 is odd B) 8
𝑎𝑛 = {
2𝑛 − 3, if 𝑛 is even C) 20

A) 𝑎60 D) 22

B) 𝑎13
C) 𝑎15
𝑔(2)
D) 𝑎20 18. What is the value of ?
𝑓(2)

𝑓(4 − 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1
15. The number of candies given to each 𝑔(𝑥 − 4) = 4 − 4𝑥
student in a classroom is presented in the
table below. If the candies are redistributed A) 2
and the same number of candies is given to
B) 8
each student, how many candies will each
student receive? C) 18
D) 20
Number of candies 11 12 13 14 15
Number of students 2 4 6 2 3

A) 12
B) 13
C) 14
D) 15
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
April 2023 - Category V

19. The first six lines of Pascal's triangle are 22. The remainder of the division of the
given below. Considering this, what is the polynomial 𝑃(𝑥 − 3) by (𝑥 − 2) is −4. Given
value of 𝑍 − 𝑌 + 𝑋? that 𝑃(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑃(𝑥 + 1) = 2𝑥 − 6, what is
the sum of the coefficients of the
polynomial 𝑃(𝑥)?

A) −4
B) −2
C) −1
D) 2

A) 9 23. The constant term of the polynomial

B) 8 𝑃(1 − 𝑥) is 3, and the sum of the
coefficients of the polynomial 𝑃(𝑥 − 1) is 5.
C) 7 What is the remainder of the division of the
D) 6 polynomial 𝑃[3 − 𝑃(5 − 𝑥)] by (𝑥 − 4)?

A) 0
B) 1
20. According to the table below, what is the
value of 𝑚 + 𝑛? C) 3
D) 5
Constant Sum of
Polynomial
term coefficients
3𝑥 + 4 4 𝑚
2𝑥 − 3 𝑛 −1 24. What is the simplified form of the
expression below?
A) 8
4 − 𝑥(5 − 𝑥)
B) 7 3 − 𝑥(4 − 𝑥)
C) 4
5−𝑥
D) −1 A)
𝑥−3
4−𝑥
B)
3−𝑥
21. Assuming that the sum of the coefficients of 𝑥+1
C)
the polynomial 𝑃(𝑥 − 1) is −20, what is the 4−𝑥
remainder of the division of the polynomial 𝑥−5
𝑄(𝑥 + 2) by (𝑥 + 4)? D)
𝑥−4

𝑃(𝑥 + 1) = (𝑥 − 1) ∙ 𝑄(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑥 + 1

A) −10
B) −5
C) 10
D) 12
 Mathematics Preliminary Round
April 2023 - Category V

25. A cooking gas cylinder is exhausted in 78

hours and weighs 29 𝑘𝑔 when full. After
being used for 26 hours, its weight is 21 𝑘𝑔.
What is the weight of the empty cylinder?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6