Solving problem involving index numbers and composite numbers

1. The table below shows the price of four materials, A, B, C and D used in making roof tiles in
the year 2016 and 2010.

Cost (RM)
Material Weightage (%)
2010 2016
A 1.40 2.10 10
B 1.50 1.56 20
C 1.60 1.92 40
D 4.50 5.58 30

a) Calculate the price index for each material in the year 2016 based on the year 2010.
b) Calculate the composite index for all the materials in the year 2016 based on the year 2010.
Interpret your findings. (121)
c) Determine the price of the roof tile in the year 2010 if the price was RM2.65 in the year
2016. (RM2.19)

2. The table below shows the price of five materials used in making a souvenir in the year 2013
and 2019.

Price in the year Price in the year Price index

Material Weightage(%)
2013 (RM) 2019 (RM) (2013=100)
P 5.00 6.00 120 8
Q 20.00 23.00 a 12
R 8.00 12.00 b 20
S 16.00 18.00 c 27
T 10.00 13.00 130 d

a) Calculate the value of a, b, c and d. (a=115 , b=150 , c=112.5, d =33)

b) Calculate the composite index for the souvenir in the year 2019 based on the year 2013.
Interpret your findings. (126.68)
c) Determine the price of the souvenir in the year 2019 if the price in the year 2013 was RM35.
(RM44.34)
d) Calculate the price index of the souvenir in the year 2021 if the total cost of the materials
used is expected to increase by 10% in the year 2021. (110)

3. The table below shows the price index and change in the price indices for four main
materials in the production of a facial wash.

Price index in the year 2021 Change in the price index from
Material Weightage (%)
based on the year 2019 the year 2021 to the year 2023
A 150 No change 10
B 140 Reduced by 10% 40
C m No change 30
D 115 Increased by 20% 20

a) Find the value of m if the composite index in the production of facial wash in the year 2021
based on the year 2019 is 133. (130)
b) Calculate the composite index in the production of the facial wash in the year 2023 based on
the year 2019. (132)
c) Calculate the production cost of the facial wash in the year 2023 if the cost corresponds to
the year 2019 is RM19.50. (RM25.74)
MASTERY PRACTICE

1. The table below shows the information related to four materials, A, B, C and D used in
making a toy. The percentage of usage of material B is not shown.
TP
Change in price index from the
Material Percentage usage (%)
year 2015 to the year 2018
A Reduced by 10% 50
B Increased 60%
C Increased 20% 10
D Increased 40% 10

The production cost of the toy was RM41 650 in the year 2018.

a) If the cost of material C in the year 2015 was RM7.60, find the cost in the year 2018. (9.12)
b) Calculate the corresponding production cost in the year 2015. (35000)
c) The production cost is expected to increase by 60% from the year 2018 to the year 2020.
Calculate the percentage change in the production cost from the year 2015 to the year 2020.
(90.4%)

2. The table below shows the price index and weightage for four types of materials in the year
2020 based on the year 2019.
TP
Material Price index Weightage
P 107 2
Q 118 x
R 94 1
S 105 2x

a) The composite index for the materials in the year 2020 based on the year 2019 is 108.
Determine the value of x . (4)
b) The price index for material P rises by 20% and the price index for material S drops by
10% in 2020 until 2021. The price index for other materials do not change. Determine
the composite index for the materials in the year 2021 based on the year 2019. (105.25)

3. The table below shows the price index for three cameras. TP

Year 2013 2019 2019

Camera (2011=100) (2011=100) (2013=100)
J 165 231 p
K q 156 120
L 150 r 170

Determine the value of p, q and r . ( p=140 ,q=130 , r=255)

 4. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan harga dan pemberat bagi tiga jenis bahan P ,Q dan R
pada tahun 2018 berasaskan tahun 2016.
TP
Bahan P Q R
Indeks harga 80 130 140
Pemberat x y z

Diberi indeks gubahan bagi bahan P dan Q pada tahun 2018 berasaskan tahun 2016
ialah 120 manakala bagi bahan P dan R ialah 125. Cari nisbah x : y : z . (1 :4 :3)

5. Indeks harga bagi topi keledar pada tahun 2014 berasaskan tahun 2010 ialah 80 dan
indeks harga pada tahun 2018 berasaskan tahun 2014 ialah 110. Diberi harga topi
keledar pada tahun 2018 ialah RM166. TP
a) Hitung harga topi keledar pada tahun 2010 dan tahun 2014. (150.91, 188.6375)
b) Tentukan peratusan penurunan harga bagi topi keledar pada tahun 2010 berbanding
dengan harganya pada tahun 2018. (12%)

6. Harga bagi caj perkhidmatan di sebuah agensi pada tahun 2018 ialah RM150. Jika
harganya meningkat sebanyak 15% pada tahun 2019, hitung TP
a) indeks harga bagi caj perkhidmatan pada tahun 2019 menggunakan tahun 2018
sebagai tahun asas. (115)
b) harga bagi caj perkhidmatan tersebut pada tahun 2020 jika kadar kenaikan harga
bagi tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2020 adalah sama dengan kadar kenaikan harga bagi
tahun 2018 hingga tahun 2019. (198.375)