Pyrotechnic Signal High-Explosive (HE)

RMY LESSON
M320/M320A1 and Spotting Round Service Round
GTA 07-01-006
RA S
FO L

EA
TE

RN
CEN

ED

TM 3-22.31, 40-mm Grenade Launchers, November 2010, Table 1-5 (continued)

NOV 2019

BRASS
Since

1985

ORANGE
WHITE
GOLD GOLD

TM 3-22.31, 40-mm Grenade Launchers, November 2010, Figure 1-1

TM 3-22.31, 40-mm Grenade Launchers, November 2010, Table 1-5

INFRARED ILLUMINANT
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MARKINGS
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WHITE W/
BLACK
ORANGE

OLIVE

M992
GREEN GREEN

SMOKE COLOR BAND

YELLOW ● M716
GREEN● M715
RED ● M713
GROUND

MARKER
SMOKE

M716
GREEN GREEN

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Caliber: 40 mm x 46 mm

GREEN
GREEN

GREEN
LIGHT
LIGHT
Weight: 5 lbs., 7 lbs. (w/stock)

M715
RAISED LETTER DENOTES COLOR
Length: 11.18 in. (no stock)

M713
14.37 in. (retracted)

STAR PARACHUTE
5 DOTS ON STAR
HEDP

GREEN - M661
STAR CLUSTER
19.69 in. (extended)

CLUSTER ONLY
HE

WHITE - M583
WHITE - M585

RED - M662
8.46 in. (barrel) M406 DUAL PURPOSE
Muzzle Velocity: 236 feet per second M433
Trigger Pull: 11.25 - 15.75 lbs.
Effective Range: WARNING

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150 m point target

M585
M662
350 m area target

GREEN
THE DANGER RADIUS OF THE HE SERVICE

WHITE
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Distributed by: Army Training Support Center
Max Range: 400 m (at 45 degrees) ROUND IS 165 METERS. M406 AND M433

M583
M661
Approved for public release, ROUNDS ARM WITHIN 14 TO 27 METERS.
distribution is unlimited.

CAP/COMPARTMENT
ELEVATION IRON SIGHTS
Center for Army Lessons Learned ADJUSTER
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LASER ON LED
REMOTE
10 Meade Avenue, Building 50

INDICATOR
JACK
GRABBER BRACKET

TM 3-22.31, 40-mm Grenade Launchers, November 2010, Figure 1-7

TM 3-22.31, 40-mm Grenade Launchers, November 2010, Figure 1-6

Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-1350

BATTERY
TM 3-22.31, 40-mm Grenade Launchers, November 2010, Figure 1-6

INTEGRAL RAIL
https://call.army.mil

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RMY LESSON

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RA S
FO L
SAFETY
R

EA
TE

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BLOCK
RN

IR
CEN

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ED

▶ AIMING
LASER
Since

1985

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MODE

LCD
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SELECT
AZIMUTH
Reference: SWITCH ADJUSTER
TM 3-22.31, 40-mm Grenade Launchers, November 2010

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Distributed by: Army Training Support Center IR
INDICATOR
ANTI-CANT

ILLUMINATOR
Approved for public release, ▶
RANGE
distribution is unlimited. ADJUSTMENT
KNOB
 Day/Night Sight (DNS) Duties and Responsibilities Grenadier Knowledge Laser Range Finder (LRF)

Weight: 15.5 ounces - The M320 is the grenadier’s PRIMARY ALWAYS take HE over HEDP unless a light POWER BUTTON
DIOPTER
ADJUSTMENT
Range: 400 m weapon system, the M4 is the SECONDARY. armor threat is expected. HE has a superior EYEPIECE
Accuracy: plus or minus 5 m fragmentary pattern to cause casualties. The
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Batteries: One 123 A-size - The M4 should only be used if the target is HEDP sacrifices fragmentary pattern for

TM 3-22.31, 40-mm Grenade Launchers, November 2010, Figure 1-8

too close to use the M320. light armor penetration and has a higher failure
MODE
(dud) rate, HE = big boom HEDP = small
Azimuth/Elevation Adjuster (used to zero)
▶
BUTTON
boom.
Range adjustment knob: 5 m increments - Know leaf-sight increments without looking.
IR illuminator: Provides night illumination
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Do not under-mount the M320. Always MODE

IR aiming laser: Used to aim at night - Keep ammunition clean and dry. carry it in the standalone configuration. BUTTON

Anti-cant Indicator: green (good) red (bad) Under-mounting decreases the effectiveness BATTERY
- Aluminum casing is easily dented; dented of both the M4 and the M320. The increased COVER/COMPARTMENT
DNS Mode Selection grenades cause chamber/extraction issues. weight unbalances the weapon and increases - The LRF provides rapid and precise ranging
Note: IR lasers visible with night vision only fatigue during carry. Added bulk impedes firing capability out to one mile (1,600 m).
OFF - Identify 40 mm grenades by shape and positions and decreases accuracy. Used as - The LRF uses a 9-volt battery.
DAY Display: day color. Know all minimum safety constraints. a standalone, the M320 is more accurate,
- The LRF has seven times magnification.
- Display and backlights on, no laser easier to operate, allows the grenadier to
- The mode button allows yard/meter selection
AIM LOW Display: AL focus on one weapon system, and it is easier
- Understand how to sense and adjust fire. and brush/tree targeting mode.
- Low power IR aiming laser only to grab the M320 if the grenadier becomes
a casualty. Grenadiers patrol with M4 at the - Performance depends on target; LRF can
DUAL LOW Display: dL range a large reflective surface further than
ready (to react to immediate and/or short
- Low power IR aiming laser and illuminator range contact) and have M320 holstered a small, distorted target (brush, people, etc.).
DUAL HIGH Display: dH for rapid transition. - Atmospheric conditions (rain, snow, and fog)
- High power IR aiming laser and illuminator Always use the sights and buttstock.
can also affect LRF performance.
- Use LRF on something large near the target.

Fire Control Measures Grenadier Knowledge Kit Setup and Grenadier Loadout Legend

Pre-planned fire control measures are critical Smoke Holsters allow the M320 to be easily
to the effective use of grenade launchers. - Smoke can be used for direct fire control accessible without interfering with handling DNS day/night sight
(lift/shift). the grenadier’s M4 during movement.
Leaders provide: HE high explosive
- Smoke obscures enemy vision and masks
- Engagement criteria
friendly movements (including breaking Bandoleers carry grenades without altering
- Target priority HEDP high explosive, dual purpose
contact). the grenadier’s kit. It is easier to pass off or
- Munition selection criteria (HE? Smoke?)
Illumination/IR Illumination recover grenades using a bandoleer.
- Limits of fire (such as being near friendlies) in. inches
- Illumination can be used for direct fire control
Sensing and Adjusting Fire (lift/shift).
Whether using a bandoleer or a mount on the LRF laser range finder
Grenadiers sense where the round landed chest, grenadiers must be able to access
- Avoid using illumination during friendly air
relative to the target. Then adjust elevation both grenades and magazines without issue. m meters
support, hanging parachute flares will
and deflection to hit the target. Grenadiers must be able to identify what type
interfere with the aircrew’s night vision.
of grenade is where on his kit without looking.
Elevation (range): - IR illumination requires night vision devices mm millimeters
Do not use illumination by accident!
to see.
Short. Impact between you and target
- Wind will shift direction of a parachute flare.
Over. Impact beyond target Example Loadout (13 Grenades):
Target. Impact hits the target High Explosive/High Explosive, 9 HE, 4 smoke
Range correct. Impact left/right, range good Dual Purpose (HE/HEDP) (mission dependent)
Doubtful. Impact left/right, range unknown - HE flushes enemy out of cover.
- HE fixes the enemy in place. 12 in the bandoleer, 1 HE in the tube
Deflection (deviation/direction): HE on the right, smoke on the left
- HEDP used for lightly armored vehicles.
Right/left of target
- HE provides small blast/overpressure.
On-line with the target
- HE simulates indirect fire if used in succession.