(Queuing Theory and Reliability)

QUESTION BANK

Q. 1 (a) Derive steady state distribution of the number of units in the system for a
generalized Birth - Death
Queuing model.

(b) Describe in brief:

(i) Traffic Intensity
(ii) Service discipline

Q. 2 (a) Give the assumptions and limitations of a queing model.

(b) Show that in queuing theory arrival time follows exponential distribution.

Q. 3 (a) A branch of Canara Bank has only one typist. The typing rate is randomly
distributed approximating a Poisson distribution with mean service rate of 8
letters per hour. The letter arrives at a rate of 5 per hour during the entire 8
hour work day.
Determine
(i) Average number of letters in the system (L).
(ii) Average number of letters in the queue (Lq).
(iii) Traffic Intensity or the utilization of typewriter (ρ).
(iv) Average waiting time for a letter in the queue (W).

(b) Given the expression for the average system size (L) for M/M/1 and M/M/2 queuing
models. Discuss which system is better for the same traffic intensity.

Q. 4 (a) Derive the deterministic queuing model D/D/1/K-1. Discuss the first case when
λ > µ, and sub case when (1/ λ) = m (1/µ) or arrival rate is a multiple of service
rate

(b) Given ρn = ρ n (1- ρ) , ρ≠1,n≤k

1- ρ k+1
1 , ρ=1
K+1

For M/M/1/K model, derive the relationship for (L) or expected system size.
Q.5 (a) Obtain the difference differential equations for M/M/C/∞ model.
Multichannel server model

(b) Give only Difference differential equations for M/M/∞ or model with
unlimited service channels.

Q.6 (a) Give differences between

Jockeying, Balking, Reneging

(b) In the M/M/C/K model, the steady state solution is

O= - λ po +µp1
O= - ( λ+nµ)pn + λpn-1 + (n+1) λpn+1
O= - ( λ+cµ)pn + λpn-1 + cµp n + 1
O= - cµpk + λp k-1

Obtain the relation for po (using boundary Conditions).

Q. 7 (a) Discuss the elements associated with queuing system. Give three applications
of queuing models

(c) Workers come to tool room to collect special tools. The arrivals are poisson
distributed with average time between two arrivals is 60 seconds, average
service time is 40 seconds.
Determine.
(iii) Average queue length
(iv) Average length of non empty queues
(v) Average members of workers in system including the worker bneing
attended.
(vi) Mean waiting time of an arrival and mean waiting time in the queue.
(vii) Probability that the tool room attendent remains idle.

Q. 8 (a) Obtain the steady state equations for the Queing model
( M / M / I / K / ∞ ) in usual notations and solve them for Po and Pn.

(c) Given Pn for M / M / C / ∞ Model, evaluat the value of Po, making use of
boundary conditions.

(d) Differentiate between jockeying, balking, reneging

Q. 9 (a) Show that in Queuing theory inter arrival time follows exponential
distribution.

(b) In a multi channel server queuing model with truncation obtain the steady state
solutions.
Q. 10(a) Show that in queuing model with unlimited number of service channels the
steady state probability distributions of having n units in the system is poisson
with parameter λ
µ

(b) If Ri (t) is the reliability of the i dn component, obtain the relationship for
reliability of series – parallel system.
Q.11 (a) Derive the reliability, Hazard rate and mean Time before failure of exponential
distribution.

(b) Explain the difference between age replacement corrective maintenance and
preventive maintenance.

(c) Give assumptions for standby systems.

Q.12 (a) Suppose that we have a system of n components, show that an arrangement of
parallel system is better than series system.

(b) Obtain the difference differential equations for a two unit standby system.

(c) Define uptime ratio (UTR) for a series system with constant failure and repair
rates.

Q.13 (a) Show that R(t) = 1 – F(t), where F (t) is the failure time distribution function,
also obtain the Reliability function of parallel system.

(b) Trains arrive at the yard every 15 minutes and the service time is 33 minutes.
If the line capacity of the yard is limited to 4 trains, find using M/M/I/K
model.

i) The probability that the yard is empty

ii) The average number of trains in the system

(c) Define (k, n) system in reliability theory

Q. 14 (a) Explain Measures of performance of a Queuing system. Also give three
assumptions and limitations each of a queuing model.

(d) Obtain the steady state equations for the queuing model M/M/I/K

Q. 15 (a) The mean rate of arrival of planes at an airport during the peak period is 20/
hour as per poisson distribution, and the mean landing rate of planes is 60
planes/ hour in good weather.
(a) What is the expected number of planes in the queue / hour (Lq).
(b) What is the expected wating time in the system (W s).
In bad weather landing rate is 30 planes /hour

(c) Find Lq
(d) Find W s

(e) Differentiate between steady and transient states of a queuing system.

(c) Using M/M/∞ model.

A cafeteria with self service has an arrival rate of 12/hour. The average time taken by
a person to collect and eat his meal is 20 mins. Assuming that interarrival times are
exponentially distributed, how many seats must the cafeteria have to accommodate
each customer with probability 0.95.
(given e-4 = 0.0183)
Q.16 (a) Show that the arrival rate in a queuing model follows poisson distribution.

(b) For a multichannel, service model with infinite input, obtain the probability of n
customers in steady state.

Q. 17 (a) Give the differential equations for M/M/C/K model.

(b) Derive System Reliability, obtain the Reliability functions of parallel – series
systems and (k, n) system

Q.18 (a) Show that mean time before failure of weibull distribution is
1 α+1
MTBF = β1/α α

is (gamma function)
 (b) Justify that failure time distribution function for series system is given by
n
F(t) = 1 - π (1 – Fi (t))
i=1

Or add a small part.

Q.19 (a) Show that the failure rate of the series system is equal to the sum of failure
rates of its components.

(b) Give difference between

Corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance

(b) Derive the difference differential equations for a two unit standby system

Q.20 (a) Describe the measures of system availability also define uptime ratio.

(b) Give examples of

i) Queue with finite capacity
ii) Queue with infinite numbers of service
iii) Finite source queue
iv) Queues with multichannel servers with truncation
n
(c) Show that r(t) = ∑ λ i
i=1
Where r(t) is the system failure rate of a series system , λi is the constant failure
rate of the components.
Q. 21 (a) What is queuing theory? In what areas of management can it be applied
successfully?
Give one example.

(e) How that service time follows exponential distribution.

Q. 22 (a) Denial the Deterministic queing mods D/D/1/K-1 when arival rate is greater
than service rate..

(f) In a toll in gurgaon . mean arrival rate of vehicles is 0.75 per mtr, The since
rate is I vehicle per minute. Find out po,L,Lq,W, Wq.

Q. 23 (a) Evaluate the steady state equities and show that

Pn = po n / π iu λ/ µ
For birth & death quening model

Q. 24 (a) In M/M/1/K model L is given to you

L= K/2
P=1
+(1-(K+1) Pk +Kpk+1 p= 1
(1-Pk+1) (1-P)

Find out the expected grow size in steady state

(b) Obtain the difference differential equities when the input population is infinite
and we have multiple channels available for service.

Q.25 In a multi server queuing model location obtain the difference differential equations
and steady state solution

Q.26 Write notes on

(a) Transient and steady states of the system
(b) Assumptions and limitation of queuing theory
(c) Traffic Intensity, balking science discipline

Q. 27 (a) Derive differential – difference equations to the system M/M/2 obtain the
steady state solution and the expected number of units in the system.

(b) Taking same traffic intensity for the system M/M/I and M/M/2, show that the
second system is more congested.

Q. 28 (a) For the queuing model D/D/1/K -1, obtain n (t), the number of units in the
system at time t, and Wq (n) , waiting time of the nth arrival before his service
starts. Assume that initially the system is empty and service time is a multiple
of inter arrival time.
 (g) Distinguish between steady state and transient solution of queuing system.
given one if possible, how can the other be obtained?

Q. 29 (a) Derive steady state distribution of the number of units on the system for a
generalized birth – death queuing model. Discuss the following particular
Cases.
i) Queue which discourage arrivals
ii) Queue with finite system capacity
iii) Queue with a finite number of services

Q. 30 (a) Define a queuing system. Explain the following notations of the different
queuing system.
i) M/M/3/K/FCFS
ii) M/D/1/ ∞ /FIFO
iii) Ek / M/1/ ∞ /FIFO
iv) D/D/1/K -1/FIFO

(b) Arrivals at a telephone booth are considered to be Poisson with an average

time of 10 mins between one arrival and the next. The length of a phone call is
assumed to be distributed exponentially with mean 3mins.
i) What is the probability that a person arriving at the booth will have to
wait
ii) If the waiting time is more that 3 mins, the dept will install one more
booth. By how much should the flow of arrivals increase for the 2 nd
booth

Section –B Reliability

Q. 31 (a) Define Reliability of a system, derive the Reliability of Series –parallel

and parallel Series systems.

(b) Show that

i) f (t) = r (t) e

ii) MTBF = ∫∞

Q. 32 (a) Find out the Reliability, hazard rate and MTBF for Weibull distribution.

(b) Maximize the reliability subject to budget constrant.

Q. 33 Derive the MTBF of a two unit stand by system.

Q. 34 (a) Explain Measures of performance of a Queuing system. Also give some
assumptions and limitations of a queuing model.

(b) Obtain the steady state equations for the queuing model M/M/I/K

Q. 35 (a) The mean rate of arrival of planes at Delhi airport during the peak period is
20/ hour as per poisson distribution, and the mean landing rate of planes is 60
planes/ hour in good weather.
(a) What is the expected number of planes in the queue / hour (Lq).
(b) What is the expected wating time in the system (Ws).
in bad weather landing rate is 30 planes /hour
(c) Find Lq
(d) Find Ws
.
(b) Differentiate between steady and transient states of a queuing system.

Q. 36 (a) Show that the arrival rate in a queuing model follows poisson distribution.

(b) Obtain the difference differential equations for M/M/C/∞ model

Q. 37 (a) Derive the differential equations for M/M/C/K model.

(b) Derive System Reliability, obtain the Reliability functions of parallel–series

systems and (k, n) system

Q.38 (a) Show that mean time before failure of weibull distribution is

MTBF =
1
1
α
gamma (β )
( α )
α+1

is (gamma function)

(b) Justify that failure time distribution function for series system is given by
n
F(t) ¿ 1−∏ (1−Fi ( t ))
1

Q.39 (a) Show that the failure rate of the series system is equal to the sum of failure
rates of its components.

(b) Give difference between Corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance

(c) Give assumptions for standby systems

Q.40 (a) Describe the measures of system availability and define uptime ratio.
 (b) Give examples of
i) Queue with finite capacity
ii) Queue with infinite numbers of service
iii) Finite source queue
iv) Queues with multichannel servers with truncation
n
(c) Show that r(t) = ∑ λi
1

Where r(t) is the system failure rate of a series system, λiis the constant failure
rate of the components.

Q. 41 (a) Discuss the elements associated with queuing system. Give three applications
of queuing models

(f) In a factory workers come to collect their euipment. The arrivals are poisson
distributed with average time between two arrivals is 60 seconds, average
service time is 40 seconds.
Determine.
(viii) Average queue length
(ix) Average length of non empty queues
(x) Average members of workers in system including the worker bneing
attended.
(xi) Mean waiting time of an arrival and mean waiting time in the queue.
(xii) Probability that the tool room attendent remains idle.

Q. 42 (a) Obtain the steady state equations for the Queing model
( M / M / I / ∞ ) in usual notations and solve them for Poand Pn.

(h) Given Pn for (M / M / C / ∞) Model, evaluate the value of Po, making use of
boundary conditions.

(i) Differentiate between jockeying, balking, reneging

Q. 43 (a) Show that in Queuing theory inter-arrival time follows exponential

distribution.

(b) In M/M/C/K queuing model obtain the Difference differential equations.

Q. 44 (a) Show that in queuing model with unlimited number of service channels the
steady state probability distributions of having n units in the system is poisson
with parameter (λ/µ)

(b) If Ri (t) is the reliability of the ith component, obtain the relationship for
reliability of series – parallel system.
Q.45 (a) Derive the reliability, Hazard rate and mean time before failure of exponential
distribution.

(b) Explain the difference between age replacement, corrective maintenance and
preventive maintenance.

(j) Give assumptions for standby systems.

Q.46 (a) Suppose that we have a system of ‘n’ components, show that an arrangement
of parallel system is better than series system.

(b) Obtain the difference differential equations for a two unit standby system.

Q.47 (a) Show that R(t) = 1 – F(t), where F (t) is the failure time distribution function,
obtain the Reliability function of parallel system.

(b) Trains arrive at the yard every 15 minutes and the service time is 33 minutes.
If the line capacity of the yard is limited to 4 trains, find using
(M/M/I/K)model.

iii) The probability that the yard is empty

iv) The average number of trains in the system

(c) Define (k, n) system in reliability theory

Q. 48 What do you understand by a Queuing system? Discuss the elements associated

with queuing system. Give three applications of queuing models.

Q 49 Obtain the steady state equations for the Queing model.

( M / M / I / K / ∞ ) in usual notations and solve them for Poand Pn.
Or
Derive the steady state solution for Birth and Death Queuing model.

Q 50 (a) Given Pn for M / M / C / ∞ Model, evaluate the value of Po, making

use of boundary conditions.
(b) Differentiate between jockeying, balking, reneging.

Q. 51 (a) Show that in Queuing theory inter arrival time follows exponential
distribution.

(b) In M/M/C/K queuing model obtain the difference differential equations.

Q 52 Derive the Difference Differential equations for M/M/1/∞ model.

Assuming that the Steady State solution is known.
Derive
(i) Expected no. of units in the Queue in steady state L
(ii) Expected number of units in the system
 (iii) Waiting time in the queue
(iv)Waiting time in the system.

Q. 53 (a) Explain Measures of performance of a Queuing system. Also give some

assumptions and limitations of a queuing model.

(b) Obtain the steady state equations for the queuing model M/M/I/K

Q. 54 (a) The mean rate of arrival of planes at Delhi airport during the peak period is
20/ hour as per poisson distribution, and the mean landing rate of planes is 60
planes/ hour in good weather.
(a) What is the expected number of planes in the queue / hour (Lq).
(b) What is the expected wating time in the system (Ws).
in bad weather landing rate is 30 planes /hour
(c) Find Lq
(d) Find Ws
.
(b) Differentiate between steady and transient states of a queuing system.

(c) Using M/M/∞ model

A cafeteria with self-service has an arrival rate of 12/hour. The average time taken by
a person to collect and eat his meal is 20 mins. Assuming that inter-arrival times are
exponentially distributed, how many seats must the cafeteria have to accommodate
each customer with probability 0.95.
(given e-4 = 0.0183)

Q. 55 (a) Show that the arrival rate in a queuing model follows poisson distribution.

(b) For a multichannel, service model with infinite input, obtain the probability of ‘n’
customers in steady state.
Q. 56 (a) Derive the differential equations for M/M/C/K model.

(b) Derive System Reliability, obtain the Reliability functions of parallel–series

systems and (k, n) system

Q.57 (a) Show that mean time before failure of weibull distribution is

MTBF =
1

gamma ( β )
( 1
α
α )
α +1

is (gamma function)

(b) Justify that failure time distribution function for series system is given by
n
F(t) ¿ 1−∏ (1−Fi ( t ))
1
 (d) Give assumptions for standby systems.

Q.58 (a) Show that the failure rate of the series system is equal to the sum of failure
rates of its components.

(b) Give difference between Corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance

(c) Derive the difference differential equations for a two unit standby system

Q.59 (a) Describe the measures of system availability and define uptime ratio.

(b) Give examples of

i) Queue with finite capacity
ii) Queue with infinite numbers of service
iii) Finite source queue
iv) Queues with multichannel servers with truncation
n
(c) Show that r(t) = ∑ λi
1

Where r(t) is the system failure rate of a series system, λiis the constant failure
rate of the components.