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Ethics Reading Material

The document discusses the concept of universal values, defining them as fundamental principles or beliefs that are considered to be shared by people across different cultures and societies. It outlines Schwartz's theory of 10 universal values: power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity and security.

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Mark Joseph Bobias
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18 views1 page

Ethics Reading Material

The document discusses the concept of universal values, defining them as fundamental principles or beliefs that are considered to be shared by people across different cultures and societies. It outlines Schwartz's theory of 10 universal values: power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity and security.

Uploaded by

Mark Joseph Bobias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSAL VALUES

Value- Value is a complex concept with multiple meanings. In general, value refers to
the worth or importance of something. It can be used to describe something's
usefulness, desirability, or importance.

Universal- it is an adjective that is related to what belongs or which relates to the


universe. The concept refers to the set of all things created and what is common to all
its kind.
Universal Values -universal values are fundamental principles or beliefs that are
considered to be shared by people across different cultures, societies, and historical
periods. They are considered to be universal because they are believed to be applicable
to all human beings, regardless of their particular circumstances or beliefs.

Schwarts Concept of Universal Values


-Schwarts defined values as conceptions of the desirable that influence the way people
select action and evaluate events.

10 Types of Universal Value according to Schwarts:

1. Power- Social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources.
2. Achievement- Personal success through demonstrating competence according to
social standards.
3. Hedoism- Pleasure or sensuous gratification for oneself.
4. Stimulation- Excitement, novelty and challenge in life.
5. Self-Direction- Independent thought and action- choosing, creating, exploring
6. Universalism- Understanding, appreciation, tolerance and protection for the welfare
of all people and for nature.
7. Benevolence- Preservation and enhancement of the welfare of people with whom one
is in frequent personal contact.
8. Tradition- Respect, commitment and acceptance of the customs and ideas that
traditional culture or religion provide.
9. Conformity-Restraint of actions to harm others and violate social expectations or
norms.
10. Security- Safety and harmony of relationships and of the self.

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