University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Instrumentation & Measurement (I&M) (CEP)

Temperature based fan speed control using Arduino and LM 35

temperature sensor

SUBMITED BY
ABDUL REHMAN 20-EE-37
AWAIS UL HAQ 20-EE-121
HAMMAD TAYYAB 20-EE-157
ALI AHMED 20-EE-168
HAMMAD NAZIR 20-EE-181

SUBMITED TO

ENGR. HAMMAD SHAUKAT

 TABLE OF CONTENT

1. ABSTRACT……………………………………………………... 2

2. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………….. 2

3. LITRATURE REVIEW ……………………………………….. 4

4. SENSOR SELECTION ……………………………….............. 5

5. CIRCUIT & SIMULATION …………………………………….. 7

6. PROGRAMMING ………………………………………………. 8

7. RESULTS INTERPRETATION…………………..................... 10

8.

9. CONCLUSION …………………………………………………. 16

10. SENSOR AND DATASHEET…………………………………. 17

11. REFRENCES …………………………………………………… 19

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1.Abstract:
In contemporary living and working environments, maintaining optimal
temperatures is crucial for both comfort and energy efficiency. The integration of smart
technologies has paved the way for innovative solutions in temperature regulation. This project
focuses on the development of a Temperature-Based Fan Speed Control System using Arduino
and the LM35 temperature sensor, aimed at achieving efficient and responsive climate control.
The primary objective of this project is to create a system that dynamically adjusts the speed of a
fan based on real-time temperature readings. The LM35 temperature sensor, known for its
accuracy and simplicity, serves as the key component in acquiring temperature data. Arduino, a
versatile microcontroller, acts as the brain of the system, processing the sensor data and
controlling the fan speed accordingly.
The system's architecture involves interfacing the LM35 temperature sensor with the Arduino
board. The LM35 provides analog voltage signals proportional to the ambient temperature, which
are then converted into digital values by the Arduino's analog-to-digital converter. Through a
programmed algorithm, the Arduino calculates the required fan speed to maintain the desired
temperature setpoint.The project offers several key features, including user-friendly temperature
setpoint adjustment, real-time temperature monitoring, and adaptive fan speed control.
Furthermore, the system's adaptability makes it suitable for various applications, such as home
climate control, office spaces, and electronic equipment cooling. The integration of the LM35
temperature sensor ensures high precision, making it a reliable solution for environments where
accurate temperature regulation is essential.
The implementation of the project involves designing and assembling the hardware components,
including the LM35 sensor, Arduino board, and a controllable fan. The software aspect includes
developing the Arduino code to read temperature values, process the data, and adjust the fan
speed accordingly. Additionally, a user interface may be created to provide a seamless experience
for individuals interacting with the system.

2. INTRODUCTION
In the realm of automation and smart systems, the integration of sensors with microcontrollers has
become a cornerstone for developing efficient and responsive applications. One such application is
the temperature-based fan speed control system, which utilizes the capabilities of Arduino and the
LM35 temperature sensor to create an intelligent and energy-efficient solution. Heating and cooling
systems are omnipresent in our daily lives, whether in homes, offices, or industrial settings. The
conventional approach of manually adjusting fan speeds to regulate temperature is not only

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inefficient but also lacks adaptability to changing environmental conditions. The advent of IoT
(Internet of Things) and embedded systems has paved the way for more sophisticated and
responsive solutions.

The LM35 temperature sensor is a key component in this project. It is a precision integrated-circuit
temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius temperature. This
makes it an ideal choice for measuring ambient temperature accurately. Arduino, a versatile open-
source microcontroller platform, acts as the brain of the system, processing the temperature data
and dynamically adjusting the fan speed to maintain the desired temperature.

This project holds significance on multiple fronts. Firstly, it addresses the need for energy
conservation by dynamically adjusting the fan speed based on actual temperature requirements.
Traditional systems often run at constant speeds, leading to unnecessary power consumption.
Secondly, the real-time adaptability of the system ensures user comfort, especially in environments
with fluctuating temperatures.

Moreover, the project serves as an educational tool, providing hands-on experience in sensor
interfacing, microcontroller programming, and control system design. It caters to both students and
enthusiasts, fostering a deeper understanding of the practical applications of electronics and
programming. Additionally, factors such as sensor accuracy, response time, and fan characteristics
may influence the overall performance.

The project on temperature-based fan speed control using Arduino and the LM35 temperature
sensor represents a step towards intelligent and energy-efficient climate control. By harnessing the
capabilities of modern electronics and microcontrollers, the system aims to contribute to the broader
landscape of smart and responsive automation.

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3. LITRATURE REVIEW :

The proposed concept in the research paper aims to develop a low-cost, user-friendly
automated temperature-controlled fan regulator using Arduino .The temperature sensor
DHT11 is interfaced with Arduino to fetch temperature data, which is then processed to control
the fan speed using PWM pins .The fan speed is adjusted based on the temperature, with
higher speed for higher temperatures and lower speed for lower temperatures. The Arduino
environment provides features for editing sketches, such as cutting, pasting, and searching
for text, as well as displaying errors and feedback in the message area. [1]

It discusses the future scope of the TEMPERATURE BASED FAN SPEED, highlighting its
potential applications in both home and industry settings.The paper mentions the possibility
of monitoring additional parameters like humidity and light, as well as sending data to a remote
location using mobile or internet connectivity.Further research in the field of smart home
automation and energy management could provide valuable insights and support for the
project's objectives [2]

The project focuses on the use of DC-Fan, LCD Display, and embedded "C" language, along
with the LM-35 sensor.The LM-35 sensor plays a crucial role in sensing the temperature and
controlling the fan speed, contributing to energy efficiencyThe conventional model fans used
in domestic and industrial appliances typically include a regulator. However, this project
suggests replacing the regulator with an LM 35 sensor. [3]

The paper discusses the design and simulation of a fan speed control system using PWM
technique based on room temperature.The PWM technique is used to vary the fan speed by
changing the duty cycle of the square wave signal.The system utilizes a temperature sensor
to measure the room temperature, and the fan speed is adjusted accordingly.The Arduino
board is used to implement the temperature-controlled fan system, where the fan speed is
controlled using PWM and the sensed temperature.PWM technique is found to be the best
technique for controlling fan speed based on the sensed temperature, eliminating the need for
manual regulation. [4]

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 4. Sensor selection for the Temperature based fan speed and
justification :

The LM35 temperature sensor is commonly employed in temperature-based fan speed control
systems for several reasons:

1. Accuracy and Precision: The LM35 is known for its high accuracy and precision in
measuring temperature. It provides a linear output voltage that is directly proportional
to the Celsius temperature, making it reliable for obtaining precise temperature
readings. This accuracy is crucial in maintaining the desired temperature range for
effective fan speed control.

2. Ease of Use: The LM35 is easy to interface with microcontrollers like Arduino. It
requires minimal external components, simplifying the overall design of the temperature
control system. The straightforward analog voltage output of the LM35 allows for easy
integration into the analog input of the Arduino, facilitating a seamless interface.

3. Wide Temperature Range: The LM35 has a wide temperature measurement range,
typically from -55°C to 150°C. This broad range makes it suitable for various

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 applications where temperature-based control is necessary, including both low-
temperature and high-temperature environments.

4. Low Self-Heating: The LM35 exhibits low self-heating, meaning it does not
significantly contribute to the temperature it is measuring. This characteristic is
important for accurate temperature readings, especially in systems where the sensor's
self-heating could introduce errors.

5. Low Cost: The LM35 is a cost-effective temperature sensor, making it suitable for a
wide range of applications, including consumer electronics and hobbyist projects. Its
affordability contributes to the overall cost-effectiveness of temperature-based fan
speed control systems.

6. Low Power Consumption: The LM35 operates with low power consumption, which is
advantageous for energy-efficient systems. This characteristic is particularly important
in applications where power efficiency is a consideration, such as battery-powered
devices.

7. Compact Size: The LM35 is available in a small and compact package, making it easy
to integrate into various systems with limited space. This compact form factor is
beneficial, especially in applications where space constraints are a concern.

In summary, the LM35 temperature sensor is preferred in temperature-based fan speed

control systems due to its combination of accuracy, ease of use, wide temperature range, low
self-heating, low cost, low power consumption, and compact size. These features collectively
make the LM35 well-suited for applications where precise temperature measurements are
essential for effective thermal management and fan speed regulation.

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 5. Circuit design and simulation results:

Assuming you have programmed your Arduino to read the LM35

temperature sensor values and control the fan speed accordingly,
here's a general outline of the expected behavior based on your
conditions:
1. Temperature Below 30°C:
• Fan is off or running at a minimal speed to maintain a baseline level
of ventilation.
2. Temperature Between 30°C and 50°C:
• As the temperature exceeds 30°C, the Arduino detects this
increase.

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 • The Arduino gradually adjusts the fan speed to provide additional
cooling as the temperature rises.
• The fan speed increases proportionally to the temperature within
this range.
3. Temperature Above 50°C:
• Once the temperature surpasses 50°C, the Arduino triggers the fan
to operate at full speed for maximum cooling effect.
• The fan continues to run at full speed until the temperature
decreases below the threshold of 50°C.

6. Programming:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7);
int tempPin=A0;
int fan=11;
int temp;
int tempMin=30;
int tempMax=50;
int fanSpeed;
int fanLCD;
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(fan,OUTPUT);
pinMode(tempPin,INPUT);

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lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("I&M Project");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("UET Taxila");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
}

void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
temp=readTemp();
if ((temp>=tempMin) && (temp<=tempMax)) {
fanSpeed=map(temp,tempMin,tempMax,32,255);
fanLCD=map(temp,tempMin,tempMax,0,100);
analogWrite(fan,fanSpeed);
}
if(temp<tempMin) {
fanSpeed=0;
fanLCD=0;
digitalWrite(fan,LOW);
}
if(temp>tempMax) {

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 digitalWrite(fan,HIGH);
}

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Temprature:");
lcd.print(temp);
lcd.write(223);
lcd.print("C`");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Fan Speed:");
lcd.print(fanLCD);
lcd.print("% ");
delay(200);
}
int readTemp() {
temp=analogRead(tempPin);
return temp*0.48828125;
}

7. Results Interpretation and Investigation:

The results, interpretation, and investigation of the temperature-based fan

speed control system utilizing Arduino and LM35 temperature sensor provide

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valuable insights into the performance and effectiveness of the implemented
solution. The following aspects are essential for a comprehensive
understanding:
1. Temperature Sensing Accuracy:
• Assess the accuracy of temperature measurements obtained from
the LM35 sensor. Compare the sensor readings with a calibrated
reference to ensure precision in temperature detection. Any
discrepancies may require calibration adjustments in the system.
2. Fan Speed Responsiveness:
• Evaluate the responsiveness of the fan speed control mechanism to
changes in temperature. Analyze how quickly and smoothly the fan
adjusts its speed in response to temperature variations. Rapid and
accurate adjustments are crucial for effective thermal management.
3. Threshold Transition Points:
• Examine the system's performance around the defined temperature
thresholds (e.g., 30°C and 50°C). Confirm that the fan initiates a
gradual speed change as the temperature approaches these points
and transitions smoothly between different speed levels.
4. Stability and Reliability:
• Assess the overall stability and reliability of the temperature-based
fan speed control system. Verify that the system operates
consistently over extended periods and under varying temperature
conditions without exhibiting erratic behavior or unexpected fan
speed fluctuations.
5. Energy Efficiency:
• Evaluate the energy efficiency of the system by monitoring the
power consumption during different temperature scenarios. A well-

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 designed system should optimize fan speed to minimize energy
consumption while effectively maintaining the desired temperature
range.
6. User-Friendly Interface:
• If applicable, assess the user interface and user experience
aspects of the system. Evaluate how easily users can interact with
the system, set temperature thresholds, and monitor the fan speed.
A user-friendly interface enhances the practicality and accessibility
of the temperature control system.
7. Long-Term Performance:
• Conduct long-term testing to evaluate the durability and robustness
of the system. Investigate whether the components, including the
LM35 sensor and the fan, exhibit consistent performance over an
extended operational period.
8. Potential Improvements:
• Identify any areas for improvement in the system's design, control
algorithm, or hardware components. Consider feedback from the
investigation to enhance the system's efficiency, responsiveness, or
user interface.
By thoroughly interpreting and investigating these aspects, a comprehensive
understanding of the temperature-based fan speed control system's
performance can be gained. The results obtained from this evaluation provide
valuable insights for refinement and optimization, ensuring the system meets
the desired criteria for accuracy, responsiveness, stability, and energy
efficiency.

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 Creating a project execution plan for a temperature-based fan speed
control system using Arduino and LM35 involves breaking down the tasks into
manageable steps. Here's a suggested plan:
1. Project Definition and Planning:
• Define Project Objectives:
• Clearly articulate the goals of the temperature-based fan speed
control system. Specify the temperature thresholds, desired fan
speed levels, and any additional features.
• Scope and Constraints:
• Identify the scope of the project and any limitations or constraints,
such as budget, time, or hardware restrictions.
• Resource Identification:
• List the required resources, including Arduino board, LM35
temperature sensor, fan, power supply, and any other components.
• Timeline:
• Create a project timeline outlining key milestones and deadlines for
completion.

We did this in about two days.

2. Research and Component Acquisition:
• Research LM35 Sensor and Fan Compatibility:
• Ensure compatibility between the LM35 temperature sensor and the
chosen fan. Check voltage requirements and communication
protocols.
• Component Acquisition:

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 • Procure all necessary components, ensuring they meet the project
specifications.
We did this in one day.
3. Hardware Setup:
• Connect LM35 to Arduino:
• Establish the wiring between the LM35 temperature sensor and the
Arduino board. Refer to datasheets and documentation for accurate
pin connections.
• Connect Fan to Arduino:
• Set up the circuit to control the fan speed using appropriate
interfaces, such as PWM pins on the Arduino.
We did this in the same day .
4. Arduino Programming:
• Install Arduino IDE:
• Download and install the Arduino
Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) on your
computer.
• Write Arduino Code:
• Develop the Arduino code to
read temperature values from
the LM35 sensor and adjust the fan speed accordingly. Implement
any necessary control algorithms and hysteresis logic.
•

• Test Code on Arduino:

• Load the code onto the Arduino board and perform initial tests to
ensure proper functionality.

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 It takes almost two days in building the code.
5. Integration and Testing:
• Combine Hardware Components:
• Integrate the LM35 sensor and fan into a cohesive system.
• System Testing:
• Conduct comprehensive testing to validate the system's
performance. Test under various temperature conditions to verify
the fan speed control.
We did it in a day.
6. Optimization and Refinement:
• Optimize Code and Algorithms:
• Fine-tune the Arduino code and control algorithms based on testing
results.
• Address Issues:
• Identify and address any issues or challenges encountered during
testing.
We did it in the same day.
7. Documentation:
• Create Project Documentation:
• Document the project, including wiring diagrams, code
explanations, and user instructions.
• Prepare for Presentation:
• If required, prepare a presentation or demonstration of the project
for stakeholders.
• We did it in the same day.

9. Finalization:

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 • Final Testing:
• Conduct a final round of testing to ensure that all components are
working together seamlessly.
• Project Review:
• Review the project against initial objectives and make any
necessary final adjustments.

• Monitor and Maintain:

• Establish a plan for ongoing monitoring and maintenance to
address any issues that may arise.
• We did it in the same day.

By following this project execution plan, you can systematically progress

through the development stages, ensuring a well-organized and successful
implementation of the temperature-based fan speed control system using
Arduino and LM35.
In conclusion, the implementation of a temperature-based fan
speed control system using Arduino and the LM35 temperature sensor
represents a technologically advanced and effective solution for thermal
management in various applications. This project has demonstrated the
feasibility of utilizing precise temperature measurements to dynamically
regulate fan speed, thereby ensuring optimal cooling and preventing
overheating.
The LM35 sensor, chosen for its accuracy and simplicity, played a pivotal role
in providing reliable temperature data to the Arduino microcontroller. The
Arduino, serving as the brain of the system, processed this information and
executed control algorithms to modulate the fan speed in real-time. The system

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exhibited a responsive and proportional adjustment of fan speed to changes in
temperature, showcasing its capability to maintain a desired temperature
range.
In essence, the temperature-based fan speed control system presented in this
project not only addresses the immediate need for efficient thermal
management but also lays the foundation for future innovations in the realm of
temperature control and automation. As a cost-effective and scalable solution,
it holds promise for applications where precision, reliability, and energy
efficiency are paramount considerations.
10. Sensor and components datasheet:
LM35 Temperature Sensor:
Manufacturer: Texas Instruments (commonly used in LM35 sensors)
Key Specifications:
• Temperature Range: -55°C to 150°C
• Output Voltage: 10 mV/°C
• Accuracy: ±0.5°C
• Supply Voltage: 4V to 30V
• Low Self-Heating: 0.1°C in still air
Pin Configuration:
• Pin 1 (V+): Power supply (4V to 30V)
• Pin 2 (Vout): Analog output voltage proportional to temperature
• Pin 3 (GND): Ground
Key Features:
• Linear temperature output
• Low cost and low power consumption
• Wide temperature range

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 • Suitable for various applications, including fan speed control systems
DC Motor (Fan):
Specifications:
• Voltage Rating: Check the voltage requirements of the fan and ensure
compatibility with the Arduino output.
• Current Rating: Consider the current draw of the fan to determine
appropriate power supply and control mechanisms.
• Speed Control: Some fans come with built-in speed control features,
while others may require external PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) for
speed regulation.
Arduino Microcontroller:
Specifications:
• Operating Voltage: Most Arduino boards operate at 5V.
• Digital Pins: Provide digital output for fan control (PWM pins for speed
control).
• Analog Pins: Used for interfacing with analog sensors like the LM35.
• Input Voltage: Check the voltage requirements to ensure compatibility
with connected components.
Key Features:
• Programmable using the Arduino IDE
• Numerous digital and analog I/O pins
• PWM support for smooth fan speed control
• Compatibility with various sensors and actuators
IRFZ44N MOSFE:
➢ The IRFZ44N MOSFET can be employed in a temperature-based fan
speed control system using Arduino and LM35 to control the power
supplied to a fan based on the temperature readings.

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 ➢ Use the Arduino code to vary the PWM signal on the connected pin to
control the gate voltage of the IRFZ44N. This variation will, in turn, control
the speed of the fan.

11. References:

[1] Surabhi, “ Design & Fabrication of temperature based DC Fan Speed

Control system using Microcontroller & PWM Technique”,IJRSET Vol.4, Issue
7, July 2015.

[2] Vaibhav Bhatia & Gavish Bhatia “ Room Temperature based fan speed
control system using PWM techniques”, International journal of computer
applications (0975-8887)volume 81-No5, November 2013.

[3] Ghana Shyam Soren, Ram Ashish Gupta, “ Temperature controlled DC fan
using Microcontroller”, National institute of technology- Rourkela.

[4] Mustafa Saad, Hossam Abdoalgader, and Muammer Mohamed, “Automatic

Fan Speed Control System Using Microcontroller”.

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