Managing and Managers

What is a manager?
• A manager is a person who is responsible for a part of a
company – they ‘manage‘ the company.

• Managers may be in charge of a department and the people who

work in it. In some cases, the manager is in charge of the whole
business.
• For example, a ‘restaurant manager’ is in charge of the whole
restaurant.

• A manager is a person who exercises managerial functions

primarily. They should have the power to hire, fire, discipline,
do performance appraisals, and monitor attendance. They
should also have the power to approve overtime, and authorize
vacations. He / she is the boss
Functions of a manager?
Henri Fayol identified 5 functions of management – labelled:
planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and
controlling.

Henri Fayol theorized that these functions were universal, and

that every manager performed these functions in their daily work.
Functions of Managers
• Managers just don't go out and haphazardly perform their
responsibilities.

• Good managers discover how to master five basic functions:

planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling.

1. Planning:
• This step involves mapping out exactly how to achieve a
particular goal.
• For example, that the organization's goal is to improve company
sales. The manager first needs to decide which steps are
necessary to accomplish that goal, including increasing
advertising, inventory, and sales staff. These necessary steps
are developed into a plan, put the plan is in place, then
accomplish the goal of improving company sales.
Functions of Managers
2. Organizing:
• After a plan is in place, a manager needs to organize the team
and materials according to her plan. Assigning work and
granting authority are two important elements of organizing.

3. Staffing:
• After a manager discerns his area's needs, he may decide to
beef up his staffing by recruiting, selecting, training, and
developing employees.

• A manager in most organization often works with the company's

human resources department to accomplish this goal.
Functions of Managers
4. Leading:
• A manager must also lead. Leading involves motivating,
communicating, guiding, and encouraging. It requires the
manager to coach, assist, and problem solve with employees.

5. Controlling:
• After the other elements are in place, a manager's needs to
continuously check results against goals and take any corrective
actions - to make sure that his area's plans remain on track.

• All managers at all levels of every organization perform these

functions, but the amount of time a manager spends on each
one depends on both the level of management and the specific
organization.
Role of a manager?
What is Henry Mintzberg's theory?

• Mintzberg's managerial theory is founded on the idea

that managers are involved in :

ten roles, divided into three main clusters:

interpersonal, informational, and decisional
Role of a manager?
10 common managerial roles and categorized them as:

I. Interpersonal-
• The interpersonal relationships of the manager, ensure that
information is provided.

• 1. Figurehead role - The manager represents the organization

in all matters of formality. He performs activities such as
attending ceremonial functions which have symbolic nature.

• Many a times, he greets visitors, attend social functions

involving employees, and handling out merit certificates and
other awards to outstanding employees.
Role of a manager?
2. Supervisor - The manager represents the workgroup to higher
management and higher management to the workgroup.

• Managers perform leader roles when they perform activities

such as hiring, training, motivating, and guiding subordinates.

3. Liaison role - The manager interacts with peers and people

outside the organization. The top-level manager uses the liaison
role to gain favours and information, while the supervisor uses it
to maintain the routine flow of work.

• He serves as a connecting link between his units and other

units, and with people from the external environment.
• Managers perform liaison roles while interacting with others
outside the organization to obtain favors and information.
Role of a manager?
II. Informational - The informational roles link all managerial
work together.

4. Monitor - The manager receives and collects information which

affect his activities. Managers gain an understanding of the
organization and its environment.

5. Disseminator - The manager transmits special information into

the organization to subordinates, peers, and superiors.

6. Spokesperson - The manager disseminates the organizations

information into its environment.

As a spokesperson, he speaks on behalf of the Organization and

transmitting information on Organization’s plans, policies, and
actions to the outsiders.
Role of a manager?
• III. Decisional - The decisional roles make significant use of the
information.

7. Entrepreneur Role - The manager initiates change or

improvements in the activities of the Organization.

• He assumes certain risk which is involved in terms of the

outcomes of action affected by a variety of external factors.
• External factors are dynamic and change constantly. The
manager is required to bring suitable changes in the
organizational processes to align these with the requirement of
the environment.
Role of a manager?
8. Disturbance Handler - The manager deals with threats to the
organization from unexpected crises.

The manager is required to tackle those forces and events which

tend to disturb the organizational equilibrium and normal
functioning.

These forces and events may be strikes by employees and the

Trade / Labour Union, Shortage of raw material, employee
complaints and grievances, etc.
Role of a manager?
• 9. Resource Allocator - The manager chooses where the
organization will expand its efforts. He must decide who will get
what work.

• The manager allocates resources such as human, physical and

financial among his subordinates.

• 10. Negotiator - The manager negotiates on behalf of the

organization – he bargains and negotiates with outsiders as well
as insiders.

• The manager negotiates with various interest groups in the

organization. Such interest groups are shareholders, employees,
and outside agencies.
What is Leadership?
• Leadership is the creation of positive, non-incremental change
through meticulous planning, vision, and strategy.

• Workforce empowerment and adaptive decision-making also add

up to the crucial attributes of leadership.

• Most often, people relate leadership with one’s position in an

organization. But leadership has nothing to do with titles,
management, or one’s personal agendas.

• It is also not restricted to personality traits such as better vision

or charismatic personality.
What is Leadership?
• It is more like a process of social influence, which maximizes
the efforts of others toward the achievement of a common goal.

• It stems from social influence and requires human resources to

achieve the intended outcomes.

• A leader is someone who always takes the initiative and invests

a great effort to accomplish the company’s vision. That is the
only reason why people around them start following them.
What is Management?
• Management is all about performing pre-planned tasks on a
regular basis with the help of subordinates.

• A manager is completely responsible for carrying out the four

important functions of management: planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling.

• Managers can only become leaders if they adequately carry out

leadership responsibilities, including communication of good
and bad, providing inspiration and guidance, and encouraging
employees to rise to a higher level of productivity.
Leadership & Management?
• The role of management is to control a group or group of
individuals in order to achieve a specified objective. Leadership
is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable
others to contribute to the organization's success.
• Management is responsible for controlling an organization, a
group, or a set of entities to achieve a particular objective,
making sure the day-to-day operations are being performed as
expected. A leader communicates in order to set direction,
inspire, and motivate their team.
• Leadership requires a vision to guide change. Whereas
managers focus on achieving organizational goals through
process implementation, such as budgeting, organizational
structure, and staffing. Leaders are more concerned with
thinking ahead and seizing opportunities.
• It is possible to be a manager and a leader at the same time. But
keep in mind that just because someone is a great leader
doesn't mean they'll be a great manager or the other way
around.
A difference in terminologies:

A Manager has subordinates; while a

Leaders has followers.
The Best Managers are also Leaders.