aay ~ Find the value of x, if the slope of the line joining (2, 5) and (x, 3) is 2. Bol: Slope of the line joining (2, 5) and (x, 3) is 2. Yor¥s 5. b> x=1 Find the value of y, if the line joining (3, y), (2, 7) is parallel to the line joining (-1, 4), (0, 6). Bol: The line joining A(3, y), B(2, 7) is parallel to the line joining C(-1, 4), D(0, 6). = Slope of AB = Slope of CD R. = b. a(to,4), B(-4,9) and C(-2,-1) are the vertices | _, of a triangle ABC, find the equation of the altitude through B. bol: Given vertices are A(10, 4), BC 4, 9) and C(-2, - 1) yoryy_ at-4 slope of AC= yy, "2-40 "1242 12 7 and slope of BE(m) [AC LBE], BC, 9) Equation of BE is (y-y,)=m(x-%,) = (y-9)=- Zoe) = 5(y-9)= -12(x+4) = = Sy-45= -12x-48 12x+5y+3=0. }. Find the sum of the squares of the intercepts of the line 4x - 3y = 12 on 8. the axes of coordinates. Bol: Given line is 4x- 3y = 12 4x Sol ae x-intercept = 3, y-intercept = 4 sum of the squares of the intercepts = 3+ (4? =9+16 =25,' x Sol: Equation of the straight ine is > * 5 Sol: Equation of the straight line cutting off equa 4 ———— Find the equation of the straight line passi through (-2, 4) and making intercepts on the axes whose sum is zero. Given a+b =0 be-a aye aa x-y=a since it passes through the point (-2, 4), we get di -2-42a => a=-6 Required equation of the straight line is x-yt6= \d the equation of straight line passing through the point (2, 3) and making intercep' onthe axes of coordinates whose sum is zero, x ; Equation of the staight line is 5 Given a+ b=0 b=-a xv aa x-y=a since it is passing through (2. 3) 32:35; ae Required equaion of the straight line is x-y+1=0 Find the equation of the straight line passin: through (-4, §) and cutting off equal intercept on the coordinate axes. x intercepts on the axes is > * a xty=a since it passes through (-4, ), 4455 a Required equation of the line is x + y= 1 Find the angle made by the straight ling y=-V3x+3 with the positive x-axis measured in the counter clockwise direction. - Given straight line y =-V3x+3 m=_/3 y=mxte tano=—J3, vany=tan( 2 3ie ele | ke : fine 4x - 3y - 10 = . Find the condition for the points (a, 0), (h, K) | 42, Find the points on the line 4x - AY 4 ‘a distance of 5 units from thi and (0, b) where ab # 0 to be collinear. which are at Bol: A(a, 0), B(h, k), C(0, b) are collinear. point (1, -2)- ee » k), C0, 5 = =tan 0 = 4/3 > Slope of AB = Slope of AC Sok Slope ofthe ine 4x39 10= 018 4 k-0 _ b-0 = sind= 5, cos 8= 5 Heke Oy Sb he eeos 8: Required points on the given line which are al on cross multiplication, -ak = hb - ab a distance of 5 units from (1, -2) b> ab =hb + ak sab = (x, +rcos@, y, +rsin 6) L, sa ol -(r=9(2}. -2#4(4)) = (4, 2), (-2, -6) h Required condition is = 43, Reduce the equation 4x-3y+12=0 into 0. Find the equation of the straight line passing (i) slope- intercept form through the points (at,?, 2at,) and (at,?, 2at,). intercepts form f\: Equation of the straight line passing through the normal form points A(at,?, 2at,) and Biat,?, 2at,) is Sol: Given straight line 4x-3y+12=0 2 (i) slope intercept form yry,= =~ By= -12-4x =, 22 y- 2at, = a 4 4 y=S4+4 where m =} and y- intercept = - 4 = 2at, = rp ek (ii) Intercepts form > y(t, + t,) - 2at,? - 2at,t, = 2x - 2at,? -4x+ 3y=12 (= by 12) f> 2x-(t, +t) y + 2att, = 0. 1. Find the equation of the straight line passing through A(-1, 3) and (i) parallel (ii) perpendicular to the straight line “C3 (iii) Normal form : passing through B(2, -6) and C(4, 6). - 4x + 3y = 12 dividing both sides by = -aFoF =5 Bol. Slope of pc - 27% = 8+5 11 : x,-%, 4-22 a (i) Equation of the line parallel to BC and } rylEl=e Passing through (-1, 3) isy-¥,="™X-%,) | wrich ig in the normal form x cosu + y sina = p, 12 sy-3= Lot “7 => 2y-6=11x+11 Transform the equation /3x + y +10 =Ointo (i) = 11x 2y + 17=0 slope - intercept form (ii) intercepts form (ii) Equation of the line perpendicular to} (ii) normal form. Ans : (i) y =-J3x-10 BC and passing throug (-1, 3) isy-3 +1) -2 ae = lly-33=-2x-2 = 2x+ My-31=0. m7 0 xcos — + ysin— 6 6eo 4, Transform the equation x+y +1=0 into 48. : normal form. 8: Ifa, bye are in A.P.and ax + by + c= 0 represent a family of concurrent lines, find the point o ol: Given equation of the straight ine x+y+1=0 concurrence, eye SO Sol: Given that a, b, c are in AP. =2b=ate dividing both sides by Ja? .e . aq_ Jp =c=2b-a Now ax + by + c= 0 becomes ax +by+2b-a=0 = a(x - 1) + bly + 2) = 0 which is of the form aL, + A,L, = 0. so, the given equation represents a set o concurrent lines. Point of concurrence is point of intersection of th lines x-1=Oandy+2=0 Coordinates of point of concurrence = (1 -2), ye (Sn) (Sn)_4 xcos| == |+ysin{ 2 (a) u a) 5. Transform the equation J3x+y=4into i) Intercept form ii) Normal form Bol: i) Intercept form of /3x+y=4 Dividing both sides by 4, Bx y_4 x _4Ye Saha ae ayes ii) Normal form of /3x+y=4>0 Dividing throughout by ./a? +b? = /3+1=2 (3) 9-4 T w xcos ¢ tysin ¢ 49, Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the origin and making equal angle: with the coordinate axes. Sol: Equation of the line passing through origin and making an angle 45° with +ve X-axis is y= mx where m= tan 45°= 1 =y=xorx-y=0. Equation of the line passing through origin and making an angle 135° with +ve X-axis is y= (tan 1359x SysxKaxty=0 6. Find the value of p ifthe straight lines x + p= 0, y+2=0and 3x + 2y +5 =O are concurrent. ‘ol: Given lines are x + p= 0=>x=-p y+2=0 >y=-2 Since the given lines are concurrent, (-p, -2) lies on (3) = 3(-p)+2(-2)+5=0 = -3p-44+5=0 Hence, the required lines are x - y= 0 and x + y = 0. 20. Find the ratioin which the straightline 2 +3y=5 divides the line joining the points (0, of and (-2, 1). Sol: Given straight line x + 3y = 5 Points are (0, 0) and (-2, 1). _ nb _40+0-5)_ 5 Required ratio= = 747375) =" 1 > Spats psy 7. Find the value of p, if the lines 3x + 4y = 5, 2x + 3y = 4, px + 4y = 6 are concurrent. ‘ol: Given that the lines 3x + 4y = 5, 2x + 3y = 4, px + 4y = 6 are concurrent. or 5:6 externally Is 4 -5| 2 3 -4)=0 Ip 4 -6 = 3(-18 + 16) -4(-12 + 4p)- 5(8 - 3p) = 3-2) + 48 - 16p- 40+ 15p=0 = -6+48-40-p=0 = 48-46-p=0 =2-p=0x 1. If 6 is the angle between the lines 5 +5, x i+ =4,1nd the value of sin 0 (a> b). Given that 0 is angle between the lines bx + ay- ab = 0, ax + by-ab=0. | rae (2aby? =m b2. Find the value of k, if the straight lines 6x - 10y +3 = 0 and kx - 5y + 8 = 0 are parallel. Sol: The lines 6x - 10y + 3 = 0 andkx- Sy +8 = Oare parallel. ab, Q their slopes are equal => k=3. p3. Find the value of k, if the straight lines y - 3kx + 4 = 0 and (2k - 1) x - (8k - 1) y - 6 =0 are perpendicular. Bol: Given that -3kx + y +4 = 0 and (2k - 1)x- (8k - 1)y - 6 = 0 are perpendicular. > aa,+bb,=0 = (3k) (2k= 1) #1 8k +1) =0 = -6kt- 5k +1=0 = 6k? + 5k- = 6k? +6k-k-1=0 = (k +1) (6k-1)=0 4 or 1/6. > Find the value of p, if the straight lines 3x + 7y -1=0 and 7x- py +3 = 0 are mutually perpendicular. Ans : 3. ht fine passing through th 24, Find the straig nt eto te ine 2xe3y 74 point (5,4) and 0. Sol: Equation of the straight line parallel to ax + 3y +72 is 2x+ 3y +k =0..(1) Given that (1) passes through (5, 4) = 2(5) + 3(4) +k =O k= -22 Requried line is 2x + 3y -22 = 0 25, Find the equation of a straight line (i) paratle| to (ii) perpendicular to the line 2x + 3y - 11 = and passing through (-1, 3). Sol: (i) Equation of the straight line paralle to 2x + 3y- 11 = 0 is2x+3y+k=0. since it passes through (-1, 3), 2(-1) +33) +k=O>kK=-7 Required equation of the line parallel to the giver line is 2x + 3y-7 = 0. (ii) Equation of the straight line perpendicular t 2x + By- 11 =Ois 3x-2y+k=0 since it passes through (-1, 3), 3(-1)-2(3) +kK= 0 k=9 Required equation of the line perpendicular t the given line is 3x - 2y +9 = 0. 26. Find the straight line passing through the point (4,-3) and perpendicular to the line 5x -3y + 1= 0 Sol: Equation of the straight line perpendicular to 5x - 3y +1= Ois 3x + Sy +k =0...(1) Given that (1) passes through (4, -3). = 12-18 +k=0 Ske :, Requried line is 3x + Sy +3 = 0. 27. Find the perpendicular distance from (-3, 4) to the straight line 5x - 12y = 2. Sol: Perpendicular distance from (-3, 4) to th line 5x - 12y-2= Dis lax, tby, +e] Va? +b? |5(-3)-12(4)-21 gg ¥5?+(12)"? = 73 = 5 units.Bol: Given straight lines 3x + 4y-3= 052 6x + By A) 6x + By -1= 0....(2) Pu Es vi00 10-2 P8. Find the distance between the parallel lines 5x - 3y-4=0, 10x -6y-9=0. Bol: Distance between the parallel lines 10x-6y- 8= 0 and 10x - 6y-9 = 0. Find the foot of perpendicular from (-1, 3) on the straight line 5x -y -18 = 0. Bol: Give straight line is 5x - y- 18= 0 ...(1) and P(-1, 3) Let Q(h, is the foot of perpendicular from (-1, 3) to the fine (1) K=y, _ (ax, +by, +c) arab ~(-5-3-18) 25+4 26Find the distance between the points (3, 4, -2) A,B, C are collinear and (1, 0, 7). cer Bol: Given points are A (3, 4, -2), B (1, 0, 7) Now AB = V(x - x) + yy -y) = (2) + (4) +9" = J4446+81 =V101 units 21:2 5. Find the ratio in which YZ-Plane divide: R. Show that the points (1, 2, 3) (2, 3, 1) and the line segment joining the points A(2, 4, | (3, 1, 2) form and equilateral triangle. and B(3, 5, -4). Also find the point of Sol: Given points A(1, 2, 3) 8(2, 3, 1) C(3, 4 2) intersection. Sol: Ratio in which YZ-plane divides the line segment P(2-3F BF =e. V6 units joining A(2, 4, 5), B(3, 5, -4) = -x, ;x,=-2:3 Coordinates of the required point of intersection 7 GW HDF = VTA = V6 Units Ro 2(3)+3(-2) 4(3) + 5(-2) 5(3) + (-4)(-2) ) = ° aa = (20) AG) + GB-1+(1-2? +(2-3F = =V6 units =( Sons MeO raaR Teas B=BC=CA ; SABC is an equilateral triangle. _ (6:8 10-12 -8-15) _ “(a3 egy) = (0, 2128) Show that the points (1, 2, 3), (7, 0, 1) and (-2, 3, 4) are collinear. Find the ratio in which the XZ - plane divides th bane te von wa ee line joining A(-2, 3, 4) and B(1, 2, 3). ol: AB= Vip - KPH,“ HQ, -2,)? Joining A(2,3,4) and BUA, 2,3). = 7-1 (0-27 +(1-3)2 = V86+444 = 44 ae 6. Find the coordinates of the vertex C of AABG it if its centroid is the origin and the vertices A, Bare (1, 1, 1) and (-2, 4, 1) respectively. Sol: Let G be the centroid of AABC. P+(3 = eieoro A= (1,1, 1), B=(-2,4, 1), G= (0, 0, 0), _ Let the third vertex be C(«, B, 7) = 99 = 311 (rare 14448 1) faite aca? =o oat = (0, 0,0 CA= (142)? + (2-3) + (3-4)? (3 3 3 «( ). ata 5+B8 Qty = Josie at QAB + CA=BC, soA, B, Care collinear points e@ Coordinates of the third vertex = (1, -5, -2). -Show that the points (5, 4, 2), (6, 2,-1) and (8, - 2, -7) are collinear. Hint: AB+BC=CA. | 7. Find the centriod of the tetrahedron, whos . vertices are 4. Show that the points A (3, 2, ~4), B (5, 4, -6) (2, 3,4), (3, 3, -2), (4, 4, 2), (3, 5, 1). and C (8, 8, -10) are collinear and find the } so}: Given A(2, 3, -4)B(-3, 3,-2) = (1.4, 2)0(3,5,1 ratio in which B divides AC. Centriod of tetrahedron Xe Vit Ve tVa tVe 4 4 Bol: A= (3,2, - 4), B=(5, 4, -6) and C (9, 8, -10) (ete AB = \(-2)' + (-2) +(-2)° = ia eels eee: 2-3-14+3 34+3+4+5 -4-2+2+1) acs 4? +4? + (4 = a8 = 2Vi2 = |Suap gia eagaeea CA= (6) + (8% +6" = \i08 = a2 Here AB + BC = CAee. (3, 2,1), (4, 1, 1) and (6, 2, 5) a , Ty Sy re thre P vertices and (4, 2, 2) is the centroid ofe tetrahedron, find the fourth vertex. ol: Let G be the centroid of the tetrahedron ABCD A=(3,2,-1),B=(4,1,1), C= 62,5), G=(4,2,2) Let the fourth vertex be («, B, y) : 34+4t6+a 2414+2+R -141454y & a a see ao, 41. Find x if the distance between (5, 1,7) and (x, 5, 1) is 9 units. Sol: Distance between (5, -1, 7) and (x, 5, 1)is 9 Jigg=%)? #0,“ #22“) * 5» oecer ert (t-7F * => (x- 5% 36+ 96 = 81 = (x-5)=9 => x53 ae x 4 4 7 J and the midps the points A(6, 3, ~4 2 Ba 5+B A ae ae =? The values of x are 2, 8 wBrasig S+p=8 Sty=8 a=3 p=3 y=3 Coordinates of the fourth vertex = (3, 3,3). | 42. Find the distance between the point P(2, 4 joint of the line segment jo ) and B(-2, “1, 2)- 4 allelogram nt joining A(6, 3 ~ b. _ Find the fourth vertex of the par: Fihose consective vertices are (2,4,-1),(3,6:-1) } Sol Midpoint of the line segme! and (4, 5; 1)- rr) bot: given points are A, 4,-1) BG, 6-1) 014: 5, 1) Let D (a, B, 7.) be fourth vertex of 2 arallelogram ABCD. Ina parallelogram midpoint of AC =(2,1,-1) = midpoint of BD Distance between the points P(G,-1,2)and (2 1,1) ara 648 —tty = aye rer tt et-2 Dita 2e2 = Jira B = Jia units. g=6+8 -6=3 fro. Find the ratio in which the XZ plane divides the line joining A(-2, 3, 4) B(1, 2, 3). bor: Given point AC-2, 3,4) B(1. 2, 9) 4% % 2% XZ plane divides AB in the ratio =-Ys Ye 3:2 = 3.2 externally.R. h. Bol: Bol: 4x + 3y- 22+ bol. Given equation of the plane is Bol: Write the equation of the plane 4x-4y+2z+5=0 in the intercept form. Equation of the plane is 4x-4y-224+5=0 “4x + dy +225 a2 Sa8 og Find the intercepts of the plane ‘on the coordinate axes. 4x + 3y-22+2=0 = 4x + 3y-22=-2 x aay yz Se eye “472° -273 "4 x- intercept a =~ 1/2 y- intercept b = - 2/3. 2 - intercept c = 1. Find the equation of the plane whose intercepts on X, Y, Z axes are 1, 2, 4 respectively. X, Y, Z intercepts of the plane are a=1,b=2,c=4 Required equation of the plane is +X " 1 ave ale mlx Nk ol AIN OIN 4x4 2y +z 4 4x + 2y+2=4. Reduce the equation x + 2y - 3z-6=0 of the plane to the normal form. Given equation of the plane is x + 2y- 32-6 =0. = x+2y-32=6 Dividing by Ja? +b? +c? = 14449 = VI4 Gabe Gabel = (ga) a)yt aa? Fa This equation is in the form of x cos a +y cos B +Z.COS Y=P Sol: 1 Where cosa = 3— ,cosB= 3 :0087= 3 3 6. Sol: Sol: uuy the d.c’s of normal to the pland oO. 2y + 22-420 Find x+2y + 2z- Given equation x + x+2y+22=4, Dividing wth Jo?ap? +o? = Vie4e4 =3 1 2 (2 oe (s)x-(srela)e-: This is of the form x cos a+ y cos B +2 CoS 7=H 2 2 4 2 pe Direction cosines of normal to the plane arq (ieee “(3' 3° 3)" Find the equation of the plane passin: through the point (1, 1, 1) and paralle to the plane x + 2y + 3z-7=0. Equation of the plane parallel the plane +2y+3z-7 = isin the form x +2y +32 +k=0 Q Itpasses through (1, 1, 1), 1#2(1)+3(1)+k= =k=6 Required equation of the planeisx+2y + 32-6 = 0. Find the equation of the plane bisecting the line segment joining (2, 0, 6) and (-6, 2, 4 and perpendicular to it. Given points are A(2, 0, 6), B(-6, 2, 4) ___ (2-6 0+2 6+4 Midpoint on AB =|p-' 7 2 Xu Yo 2a) Direction ratios of AB = (-6-2,2-0,4-6) 4,1, 1 7 Equation of the perpendicularly bisecting a, b, ¢) plane of Ap is a(x x,) + b(y-y,) + e(2-2,) = 0 A(x +2) - 1ly- 1) + 12-5) =0 4x+B-y+142-5=0 4x-y+z+4=0.3. Find the equation of the plane through the points “ P (2, 2-1), (3, 452) | 49, Find angle between the planes (7, 0, 6). Sol. Equation of the plane throu ee rea I igh the Sok: Gi points (2, 2, -1), (3, 4, 2), (7, 0, 6) is Os x He es pee a (1) eons : 3x + 3y +22-B =O serene (2) ee Voy 222) If 0 is the angle between the planes 7% VerVy 272/20, Jaa, +bb, +¢¢| Z,-2, cos = fia? +b) + c7)(a; +B; +c) z+ [ 3) + 2(3) + 2(2)| 2414-0 = fava ayo+ or 4) 6+ 31644 13 = Jov22 322 z+4 13, 3 }=0 bs Cos: (=z) 7 => (x = 2) (14 + 6) - (y - 2) (7 - 15) + (2+1)(-2-10)=0. =5 20 (x= 2) + 8ly-2)- 12 (2+ 1) = 0.4 4 35 K-2) + By 2)- 34 1)=0- 44, Find the constant ‘k’ so that the plane => 5x- 10+ 2y-4-32-3=0. x-2y +kz=0 and 2x + Sy -2=0are at right Required equation of the plane is digit 5x + 2y - 32-17 = 0. Sol: Given equation of planes are x- 2y + kz = 0, 2x + Sy -2= 0 are perpendicula then aa, +b,b, +¢,c, =0 = 1(2) + 2) (5) + KCN) = 0 =2-10-k=0 b. Find the angle between the planes 8. Dx-y+z=6, x+y+2z=7. Bol: Let 0 be the angle between the planes 2x-y+z=6andx+y+2z=7 a, a, +b,b, +640, cos@= 2452467 /a2 2 2 var +by +c," yay +b, +62 2H) + 1) (1) +12) © levis vieit4Bol: Sol: Bol: Bol: 21 x Show that Lt, (22 txt ‘} ut Compute x 2. (Q b1= xis x> 0) x-2] x-2 ur, Pe2L Lut, -&-2) X32 yoo 7X 1), Show that lim 2 yg QKKAX-2< xtoen =+tand tim Pl = x lim © As x-»0*,x> 0 |x|=x. = lim = Lt 424 Asx30;x<0, Ix] 8|x|+3x fr Compute xb af x|-ax * Bix +3x xm 3] x]-2x ut xo re =1 eek Compute fim ~8x+15 8x+ 3x = xbbeo 3yrdy ASK bl=x 41x x "1 7 8x +15 x9 tim &5)(X= 3 = xs 3)(x3) Sol: Sol: Sol: Sol: sin Compute lim: mee bz0,a#b. sin ax sinax _ jim lim spe = Hsin Bx 1 sin bx sin b lim < = ro sin bx (b) ax (a) 1 (b) Lt sinax Lt sinax 4 X30 Xcosx ~ X30 x ‘cosx w atyg (2) « [—ptes| Saxo Cac) ® | irjmx cos x as 2 T Lt Compute x Let 7X20 ASX 35030 My 25% ur cosl-9) a - —\27) = 90 nH Se sine 830 6 Lt 2cosasinbx x07 (sin (A+B) - sin (A- B) = 2. cos Asin B) = 208 pytt g sindx (b) eae bx +0 bx. = 2.cos a (1) (b) = 2b cosapox tan (x 0, Show that tty 13. Compute xt, 7-4 1-cos 2mx 2sin?(mx) pee Lt COS EINN 2 Lb Sens) : Bol x0 sin@nx x0 sin? (nx) Sol: (Q 1-cos 20 = 2sin? 0) i 2 Sle sin: (9 a? i xta e zn : x>a = 2,4 “sina(nx 30 (ne? tand ut. =—— (nx? (Seto. se: 2 ) sinmx wp {otal HOY Ur (SBP) (°) t ViFK-1 45, Evaluate , Ut ~——— won Ut MEAL tt en, Vtex+t x50 q X90 yeti 2. Evaluate Ut 4 oe Q Itisin > form 1tx-1 Ly sin(x-1) u = x30 x(vttx +1) Pot xs ea tee = x30 x(V1+x +1) ei “x30 Mex em 2 h+O0+1Bol: " (et =) (Vix +1) AEN tim: — x0 + lol Vex 1) =loge(J1+0 +1)=2. I 21. Evaluate Lt 129% | oat ‘ces! Sol: Pulx-1=y 7. Evaluate xq Ga. yaaa Asx 1,y 0. i ae 0 Bor: Uy Fara (Q Ktisin 5 form) : loge a ae : ae area, oy Te eu x +x+1 Ph. Ftexs1 5 22. Compute lim **5**2 ve 2x? Bx +1" Vitx+4 = kt (8-1) (eK +1) X30 4a 07 (3*-1 =x0l x ) en x24 5x4+2 2x? - 5x41 XP 45x42 a Sol : im Asx+a:150 x a (Q xtho 7 =!o,a) = log. 3 (J1+0 +1) = 2log, 3.= log, 9. Le ate4 8. Find yt 5. i es Pol x50 peg 7x50 Coa 23. . log,a au = 088 Aa jogb = !92 Sol: Mx) 3x44 X90 43x5 - 5x? -7 (122 =g+4) 8 ye (19%: §2-7) bol: 1 f >0,——> (4, Tl rasate7 Asx ow, 790 x Compute LtBol: pe. ol: Compute LIM, (/x? +x-x): xi, (Var x =x) he +x- 0) (x? +x +X) (x? +x +x) = Lim, xe xxx? = tim Ko (x? +X +H) As x30, 21) Pea a eh 4 =O atye tx x70 im xo yitdet Evaluate tim, (Jx+1-Vx)- (xti+vx) lim, (itv) = tim, (xr4-vx) etitik) exe = tim, A te Seate vx) 1 = Lim ———; xe Seattle Dividing numerator and denominator with JX 1 lt LK fs "1549 T ede Bix S 27. Sol: 28. is Sol: 29. Sol: Is the Re ext fe) = |r eo4 continuous att : Here f(1) = 17 = 1 function f, defined ul ut Hy toy = Hf eS ut ebheteg @ tb yet we By 00 = x She foo = #1) Hence f(x) is continuous at * in 2x singe, x#0 Show that f(x) = , x=0 discontinuous at x = 0. Given that (0) = 1 Lt sin2x tt = x50 x ttg foo = 100) s0 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0. Prove that the functions sinx and cosx arg continuous on R. Let f(x) = sinx anda R lim f(x) =lim sinx= sina = f(a) +. lim £00 = f(a) f(x) = sinx is continuous at x = a since a is arbitrary, f(x) is continuous on R Let g(x) = cosx anda e R. timg(x) = lim cosx = cosa = g(a) So g(x) = cosx is continuous at x = a. Since a is arbitrary, g(x) is continuous on R.fe Bol: Bol: L. Find the derivative of y= /x.3 + J/7~ax- Y= J2x-3+V7-3x Differentiating wint. x dy _ 1 ax 2N2x-3 dx FeO 5 2 oe If f(x) = av. e, then find £°(). f(x) = ate Differentiating w.rt. x fase Sle") +0" Lfar) ax (2x) + e* (a*) log a =ate® = ate” (2x +log a) If y = e* log (3x + 4) then find x y = e* log (3x + 4) Differentiating wart. x oy peck Sea ax Om Gy lOG(SX44)) + log(Sxr4) (2%) 1 = ex (saa). 3 + log (3x+4).e%.2 =e é a Lax Find the derivative of f(x) = e"(x? + 1). Given f(x) = e (x? + 1) Differentiating with respect to x on both sides, qo 2logtax+ 4] 4 «D2 f(x) =e ae +1) +(x? +1) = &* (2x) + (x? +1) e* (2+ 2x +1) v(x +1) <(e') Find the derivative of y = 5 sinx + e* log x. Given y = 5sinx + e* logx. differentiating with en tox, dy ,d DY 25“ (sinx)+e" eee)! \ Hoge. (e") ® E(loax) r] 1 = 5cosx+ex y+ logx. et 6. If f(x) = Sol: x? 2 log x (x > 0), find F(x) . f(x) = x2 2" log x Differentiating with respect to x, we get d d (9) = 2" 5 (log x) Heloge 5, (2) + a iogx- 4 5 (0) = x2 i +? log x 2" log 2 + 2" log x (2x) EX 24x. 2 log x+ 2x, (2') log x. Sol: Given y = 2—* a atk Differentiating with respect to x, (a+) F(a») -(2-x) S(a+x) ae dx (a+xy _ (2+x)-1)-(a-x)) = (a+x) wa-x-a+x (a+x) 2a = (atx) = xt3 gy 8 Ify= 2 Fs then find © 2x+3 Sol: Given y= = Differentiating with respect to x, ay (4x45) (2x+3)- B36 las} ox (4x45),0. Bol: [ey - idx 11. Sol (2 (uly) Differentiating wart. x d (ox a (ax rb) (ax sb) F (040) Le (ox? dx = (xed ar (axe ble "i (oxtd? a ack +ad- ack —be (ext? 12. Sol: _ _ad-be = Coxtd? x2 +x+2 x? x42 Find the derivative of y=log ( with respect to x. Se ws (2233) yx? - x + 2) = y = log(x? + x + 2) - logl Gitterentiating with respect to x using chain Pe Hx+2 Sol: xP ox+2 rule, d) 1 1 Be acaap Ot ee? dy (oc 1) (2-4 2)- (2x1) 08 # x42) ox” (02 x42) (x7 -x#2) 14, Sol: D0 D2 444 =x42- 28 Dede! HH OF 42F dy | 4-2x dx 7 erat eax? oy, 4:20 ax 7 ovat +4 If f(x) = sin (log x), x > 0, then find f(x). : Given f(x) = sin (log x) Differentiating with respect to x, . d £(x) = c0s(logx). 5 (lox) cos(logx)- " cos(logx) a Find the derivative of y= Tan (10 x). Differentiating with respect f0 oy ax tes) = 72% (10) find F1)- fo) = 77° Girterentiating with respect to x, we get £() = 7°*™ log 7 (+3) 97 ax d Qgar=a toga = 7°*® (log 7) (3x? + 3) If f(x) = log, (log x), find f(x). (x) = log, (log x) 7" = log x Differentiating wrt. x, we get 7") Jog 7. f(x) =7. Bol: Sol: Bol: ay sain’ ie Iy=sin’ J, find Gy y=sin? Jy differentiating with respect to x using chain rule, oy dx ~ asin &) dy tty =sinh’| “P| then find a: anm (®) y= sinh | Differentiating wrt. x gy = oy fy =log(cosh 2x) find 5. y = log(cosh 2x) Differentiating w.r.t. x dy 4 dx coshax dx (cosh 2x) 1 d = Sosndx inh 2x 32x) = 2(tanh 2x) eg ae 18, ify =log (tan 5x) find 4 Sol: y = log (tan 5x) Differentiating w.r.t. x y 14 x * tan dx dx 1") 1 d = ? 5x tanex 800°5X a ) cosix 1 sindx “ cos’ 5x E 10 © 2.sin5xcos 5x 0 cosec 10x. 19, Sol: log(sec x + tan x), find F(x). f(x) = log (sec x + tan x) differentiating with respect to x using chain rule| 1 d secx+tanx dx F%) (sec x + tan x) sec x tan x + sec?x sec x+tanx sec x (sec x + tan x) sec x+ tan x = sec x, dy 20. ify =sin* (cosx), then find SY. Sol: Given y = sin” (cosx) = sin’ sin( we yssintan(-) x Sys Differentiating with respect to x, ae ax 1. 21. Find the derivative of Tan" (secx + tanx). Sol: Let y= Tan" (secx + tanx) (1+sinx = an (Se)cos + sin™ 2 = Tan" x x cos* - sin Beced 4+ tan* = Tan! |= Tam'tan(*+*) tates la*2) gy Differentiating with e ing with respect to x, 4 = 7° y= logisin"(e")] differentiaitng with respect to x using chain rule, Le dx” is ify = logfsin* (e")], then find s : on ay bs, ify =sec (/tanx) find gy y=sec tan x differentiating with respect to x, using chain rule, 8Y — sec (sanz) tan (VR) = ian 2 see (Wart) tan (SAR) a Van Bol: as 1 d = sec (vianx) tan (Y®™) FTtanx dx” x) sec van x tan Vian x (sec?) fe gevtanx, Find the derivative of log[sin(log x)}- y = log (sin(log x)} Differentiating w. sy is Gx" ainflogx) ax (it (og x) x sin(logx) cos(log 0. Atos x) cot(logx) x 26. IFy = {cot (I), Sol: 27. Sol: 28. Sol: WE AQK) 1 + 4 sees #0, then find f(t). f(X)= 1+ x tx Hee Differentiating with respect to x, we get FX) = O41 + 2K + BE H rarer + 100K” put x= 1 in the above relation, we get + xi f(t) =1+243+ +100 = 0K ig gagtae ene MPH) = 5050, y= {cot"(X)? : Jifferentiating with respect to x, using chain rule AY — root (x2) 2 cot (0 D = peor! x) oor) od, = 2cot"() - Fe oe)7? ax @&) 1 = 2cot" (x*) Prom 3 z 2 cot"! 1+ dy ity=x; find gy y=x" taking logarithms on both sides, log y= x log x differentiating with respect to x, Ay. (3) ye 2* (x) tage (t igy 2y nl blog =i =y(1 +1090 = ea » (25) atl ify = sin" (7,2), find Gy af 2% y=sin' 732 _2tand y= sin” (4+ tan? put x= tand = tan” x y= sin" (sin 20) y= 20 y= 2tan'x Differentiating wert. xaf 2x 4 bs. ity= Tan’ (25), axl < 4 thon find 3. Bol: y=tan'(;2%5) Pea aw ex Sew O=tan' x (zune) y= Tan" (1—tan?o y= Tan” (Tan 20) y=20 y= 2 tan x Differentiating wrt. x eeu ox 14x? ; ‘ tx 0. Find the derivative of tan’ ( Tox }. (t#x bol: y=tan’ (#2) ye tan’ 1+ tan" x Tan ( wey ) Differentiating int. x toy = Tan''x+Tan‘'y ve & Te B1. Find the derivative of cos"(4x? - 3x). aor put x = cos fol: y = cos"(4x° - 3x) nee y = cos" (4 cos*0 - 3cos0) y = cos" (cos 36) y=30 y=3cos?x Differentiating w.rt. x dy -3 dx Ji-x? 2. ify = sin” (3x - 4x’). Find x. put x = sind Bol: y= sin" (3x - 4x’) oes y= sin’ (3 sin@ - 4 sin*0) y= sin" (sin 30) y=30 y=3sin*x Differentiating wart. x Dy cor 33. Ifx=tan(e”) then show that 4 °= 5) 7 Sol: x= tan (e%) ey = tan’ x Differentiating wr.l. x dy 1 5-6) ao Bar dx 14x 1 dy a er dx thx’ 34, x= acos't, y= a sin't, find ly ox Sol: x= acos"t, y=asin't by parametric differentiation, dy % iy (%) G (asin’ty = (dx) = d 5 dx ~ (98) © g (@cos’t) a.3 sin’t. cost a, 3cos"t (-sint) tant. 35. Differentiate f(x) = e* with respect td g(x) = Vx- Sol: Let y = f(x) = e* and z= g(x) = Je Derivative of f(x) with respect to g(x) © &a © (ate) oo 36, ify = ae™ + be thne prove that y"=n*y. Sol: y= ae™ + be™ Differentiating wart. x =) = nae™-nbe™ qi Again differentiating wart. x n? ae™ +n? be™ =n? (ae" + be")es br, If f(x) = 2x? + 3x - 5, then prove that £(0) +3f(-1)=0. Given f(x) = 2x? + 3x- 5 Differentiating with respect to x, f(x) = 2(2x) +3 = 4x43 Now £'(0) +3f'(-1) = [4(0) + 3] + 3 [4(-1) + 3] 3+(-3) 0. be ify = x! + tanx, then find y’. Given y = x‘ + tanx. Differentiating with respect to for two times, y Bol ol x? +.sec? Xx spy" = 4(3x7)+2sec x (seen) = 12x? + 2secx(secx tanx) = 12x? + 2sec? x tanx. xy" enn ty: Given y= ax"*' + bx" differentiating wrt. x successiv y'za(n + 1)x° + bene yt = a(n + 1) nxt + BEN) (n+ 1)? multiplying bothsides by **, (n + 1) [a x 4 yt. xe? x7] =n(n+ 1) [a xerttb x] =ain + ty. i Ify = ax"** + bx", then show that ol: ely for 2 times, eyrenBol: Ria). Bol: Find dy and Ay = f(x) =x?+ x at x= 10 when Ax = 0. Given ay x +x atx = 10 and Ax= 0.1 (x +x) = (0) = (K+ AX)! + (x + AX) = (x7 +X) 2x AX + (AX) +X + AK= X= X x AX + (AX)? + AX 2(10)(0.1) + (0.1) + 0.4 =2.11 dy = F(x) Ax, dy = (2x + 1) Ax dy = ((2) (10) + 1} 0.1 = 2.1 {since st 2x4 1) a Find Ay and dy Y= x? + 3x46, x= 10, Ax= 0.01, Ay = f(x + Ax) f(x) = (X + AX) + 3(x + Ax) +6 - (x? + 3x +6) = XT + (AX)? + 2xAX + 3x + BAK +6 - x2- 3x-6 = AX(Ax + 2x + 3) .01(0.01 + 20 + 3) 01 (23.01) 2301 dy = F(x) ax = (2x +3) Ax 0 + 3) (0.01) 3(0.01) 23. ify = 5x? + 6x + 6, then find Ay and dy when x= 2, Ax = 0.001. Ans : 0.026005, 0.0261. Find Ay and dy y = e* +x, x= 5 and Ax = 0.02, Ay = f(x + Ax) - f(x) (er +x + AX) - (+X) Sere xt Ax-er-x = er[e*- 1] + ax = ef [e%- 1] + 0.02 dy = (x) ax =[er+ 1] ax = (e+ 1) ax = (e°+ 1) (0.02) oo 4, Sol: Sol: Sol: Find the approximations value of (82 Let f(x) = yx, x+ Ax = 82 Toya vx Approxmiate value of = 81, Ax=1 f(x + Ax) ~ f(x) + P(%).Ax Vice Ax eee () 82 - 2a E 1 Vea = 9+ 55 a2 ~ 9+ (0.0555) a2 ~ 9.056 Find the approximate value of 3/65 . Let fx)= yx Fo9=2 x+ Ax =65, x= 64, Ax=1 Approximate value of A(x + Ax) = f(x) + (x) ax 1 erm = b+ de (ah dx YEE ~ 1 vesz4+ ¥Y65 ~ 4 + 0.0208 365 ~4+ 0.0208 Yes ~ 4.0208 If the increase in the side of a square i 4%. Then find the approximate percentag of increase in the area of the square. Let'x’ be the side and ‘A’ be the area of squard 2 log A= 2log x By differentiating(a). Bol: Let‘ If the increase in the side of a square is 2%, then find the approximate percentage of increase in its area. Ans 24. The diameter of a sphere is measured to be 40 cm. If an error of 0.02 cm is made in it, then find the approximate errors in volume and surface area of the sphere. let ‘x’ be the diameter x=40cm Ax = 0.02 cm Ae von bet V5", ve sa AV = 5 3K ax av a (9:82) v ~ (1600) (0.01) ~ 16x cu.cm. ‘S’ be the surface area S=4nr ean (2) S=4n 2 S=m dS As ~ AS = R2KAX AS = 7.2(40) (0.02) AS ~ 1.61 sq.cm. Find the approximate value of 4/77 « f(x) = fx xX + Ax = 17. x= 16, Ax=1 7 pe piece f(Qx)- 4g" =qham Now f(x + Ax) ~ f(x) + f()ax it~ fie +1) 4.(16) } Sol: Sol: ~ 2+0.0312 fi7 ~ 2.0312 1 x=Band Ax= 0.02, x42? Find Ay and dy y= Ay = f(x + Ax) - 1(*) = 0,0001996 dy = F(x). Ax Find Ay, dy if y = COSx, X= 60° and Ax = 1°. Ay = f(x + Ax) - 10) = cos(x + Ax) - COSX = cos(x + Ax) - cos 60° = 0.4848 - 0.5 = 0.0152 dy =F). ax = (- sinx) Ax =~ sin 60°.1° 2 2780 ~(0.866). ( = -0.01516. (0.0175)4. Bol: Bol: Bol: 4. Bol: Find the approximation for sin 62°. Let f(x) = sinx, x + ax = 62° f(x) = cos x x= 60° a 2 = 2. 755 = 2(0.0175) = 0.035 Approximate value of 10 # aX) 0x) * £0) AX sin(x + Ax) = sin x + cos x.Ax sin (62°) ~ sin 60° + cos 60° (0.035) oy . V8, sin (62) ~ “+ 4(0.035) sin (62°) ~ 0.866 + 0.0175 sin (62°) ~ 0.8835. The side of a square is increased from 3 cm to 3.01 cm. Find the approximate increase in the area of the square. Letxbe the side of a square and Abe its area. Then A= x, Sem Ax = 0.01cm. Ah oy ox AA = 2xax AA = 2(3) (0.01) ~ 0.06 sq.cm. If y = f(x) = k x" then show that the approximate relative error (or increase) in y is n times the relative error (or increase) in x where n and k are constants. Given y = kx" taking log both sides. logy = log kx” logy = log k + logy” logy = log k + nlogx on differentiation 4 1 yay =n yax relative error in yis n times relative error in x. Find the approximate value of 3/999 . Y= f(x) = oe =x", x + ax = 999 (x)= 000, ax = rie f(x-+ Ax) ~ f(x) + (x) dx —— ioe Uxrax = x + Sav ax 1 999 = (1000)"" + 3 GG00)"" 1) 1 Y999 ~ 10- app ~ 9.9967.sol. bs Bol: Bol: Define Rolle's mean value : : th Rolle’s Theorem:- oe If f: [a, b] > R be a function such that 1) fis continuous on (a, b]. 2) fis derivable in (a, b) 3) (a) = f(b) then there exists c c (a, b) such that f'(c) = 0. Define Lagrange's mean value theorem. Lagrange's mean value theorem:- Ifa function f : a, b] > Ris }) continuous on fa, b]. b), then there exists e f(b)-f(a) b-a 2) derivable in (a cc < (a, b) such that f'(c) Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function y= f(x) =x? +4 in [-3, 3]. f(x) = x2 + 4. on £3, 3] i) since every polynomial is continous. | ¢ f(x) = ¢ + 4 is continuous on [-3, 3] e ii) F(x) = 2x clearly f(x) is differentiable on (-3, 3) iil) Further f(3) = £(-3) = 13 Rolle's theorem is applicable. cosider f(x) = 0. 2x=0. x=0¢(-3,3) ‘¢ (-3, 3) such that f'(c) =0 Rolle’s theorem is satisfies. Sol Iue of ‘c’ in Rolle’s theorem Find the val 2.1 on [-4, 1]. for the function f(x f09 =x? -1. on [-4, 1] i) since every polynomial is continous, f(x) = x? -1 is continuous on [-1, 1] ii) (0) = 2x clearly f(x) is differentiable on (-1, 1) ii) Further f(1) = f-1) = 0 Rolle’s theorem is applicable. cosider "(x)= 0. 2x=0. x=0¢ (1,1) 3c=0« (-1, 1) such that f'(c)=0 Rolle's theorem is satisfies. Sol: Sol: Let f(x) = (x - 1) (x-2) (&- 3), Prove that therp is more than one ‘c’ in (1,3) such that f(¢) = (4) = (2-4) (x2) (%-3) on (1, 3] i) clearly f(x) is continuous on [1, 3] ii) "(x)= (x-2) (x-3) + (x= 1) (x= 3)# 01) x? = 12x + 14. ili) f(1) = f(3) = 0 Rolle's theorem is applicable. consider 1'(x) = 0. 3x? 12x +1120 (x-4 gen2t—tre (1,3) such that Fc) =0 Ralle's theorem is satisfies ub B The roots of (x) =0 are ?* ‘ein the open interval (1, 3) ap Both these roots lit ive vanishes at thes are such that the derivati points. theorem for the function e*” in[-3, 0]. ek Verify Rolle’s x(x + 3) Clearly fis continuous in [-3, 0] and differentiable in (3, 0) ‘Also f (- 3) = 0 and f(0) = 0. and £(x)= x(x «ae? (F)- e? (2x+3) F(x) =0 > -x2+x4+6=0 =x=-20r3 Ofthese two values, -2's in the open interval (- 0) which satisfies the conclusion of Rolle theorem. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f : [- 8] > R be defined by f(x) = x? - 5x + 6. f(x) =x? - 5x + 6, [- 3, 8] since f(x) is a polynomial, so it is continuous on 3, 8] and differentiable in (-3, 8) Also f(-3) = 30, (8) = 30 f(-3) = £(8) Thus, f satisfy all conditions of Rolle’s theorem. (3) =2x-5 Now f'(c) = 0-3 2¢-5=0Hence Rolle’s theorem is verified Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f(x) = log (x? + 2) -1og 3 on [-1, 1]. Given f(x) = log(x*+2).log 3 i) £0) is continuous on [-1, 1] La ii) 1(%) = Sy (x) is differentiable on (-1, 1) il) (1) = log 3 - log 3 = 0 (1) = log 3 - log 3 = 0 f(-1) = f(1) Rolle’s theorem is applicable consider 1x) = 0 ee x42 2x=0 0 O€ (1,1) 3e=0e (-1, 1) such that #()=0 Rolle's theorem is satisfies, P. Verify the conditions of the Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function fx)= 2-1 on [2, 3}. Bol: Given f(x) = x?- 1 on [2, 3] ') clearly f(x) is continous on [2, 3] ii) f(x) = 2x 1(X) is differenitable on (2, 3) Lagrange’s theorem is applicable SIE. S| c= 5€ (2,3) Lagrange’s theorem is verified, 0. Verify the Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function f(x) = logx on [1, 2]. Let f(x) = log x on (1, 2] i) {(x) is continous on (1, 2] ad Mroozy {(x) is differenitable on (1, 2) Bol: 1(b-fa b-a consider f'(c) = "1 Sol: 12 Sol: c=log, e (1,2) Lagrange's theorem is verified Verity the Rolle’s theorem for the functio (x -A) (x - 2) on [-1, 2]. Find the point in thi interval where the derivate vanishes. Given f(x) = (x?- 1) («- 2) on [-4, 2] i) f(x) is continous on [-1, 2] il) F(x) = 2x(x-2)+08 = 11 = Ox? axe A Ox? -4x-1 fis differentiable on (-1, 2) iil) f(-1) = 0, 12 f(-1) = (2) = 0 Rolle's theorem is applicable consider f'(x) = 0 3x?- 4x-1=0 xo AAMITT! 2407 oy 6 3 v7 3 Rolle’s theorem is satisfies. 3e= € (-1, 2) such that f(c)=0 Find the value of ‘c’ so that th- rq = Oto where f(x) =e" a=0,b=1. ') f(x) is contunious on (0, 1] ii) fOyse* {(%) is differentiable on (0, 1) Lagrange’s theorem is applicable f(b-f(a Gi f(g iven that f( bea -1 o ence -0 “1 on es log e* = log (e- 1) c= log, (e- 1) € (0,1),