Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. Which of these compounds is a strong electrolyte?

A. H2O
B. O2
C. H2SO4
D. C6H12O6 (glucose)
E. CH3COOH (acetic acid)

2. Which of these compounds is a strong electrolyte?

A. H2O
B. N2
C. CH3COOH (acetic acid)
D. C2H6O (ethanol)
E. KOH

3. Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte?

A. HCl
B. CH3COOH (acetic acid)
C. C6H12O6 (glucose)
D. O2
E. NaCl

4. Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte?

A. HCl
B. NH3
C. C6H12O6 (glucose)
D. N2
E. KCl

5. Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte?

A. NaF
B. HNO3
C. CH3COOH (acetic acid)
D. NaOH
E. C6H12O6 (glucose)
6. Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte?

A. NaOH
B. HNO3
C. C2H6O (ethanol)
D. KF
E. CH3COOH (acetic acid)

7. Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of Na2CO3.

A. Na2+, CO32-
B. Na2+, C2-, O3
C. Na+, C4+, O32-
D. Na+, C+, O2-
E. Na+, CO32-

8. Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of CaCO3.

A. Ca2+, CO32-
B. Ca2+, C2-, O3
C. Ca+, C4+, O32-
D. Ca2+, C+, O2-
E. Ca2+, CO32-

9. The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they

A. contain molecules.
B. conduct electricity.
C. react with other solutions.
D. always contain acids.
E. conduct heat.

10. Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds should be insoluble in water?

A. NaCl
B. MgBr2
C. FeCl2
D. AgBr
E. ZnCl2

11. Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds should be insoluble in water?

A. Na2SO4
B. BaSO4
C. CuSO4
D. MgSO4
E. Rb2SO4
12. Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds should be insoluble in water?

A. CaCO3
B. (NH4)2CO3
C. Na2CO3
D. K2CO3
E. KNO3

13. Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds should be soluble in water?

A. Hg2Cl2
B. Na2S
C. Ag2CO3
D. Ag2S
E. BaSO4

14. Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds should be soluble in water?

A. AgBr
B. AgCl
C. Ag2CO3
D. AgNO3
E. Ag2S

15. Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds should be soluble in water?

A. (NH4)3PO4
B. Ca3(PO4)2
C. AlPO4
D. Ag3PO4
E. Mg3(PO4)2

16. Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds should be soluble in water?

A. CaSO4
B. BaSO4
C. PbSO4
D. K2SO4
E. AgCl

17. Based on the solubility rules, which of these processes will occur when a solution containing about 0.1 g
of Pb(NO3)2(aq) is mixed with a solution containing 0.1 g of KI(aq)/100 mL?

A. KNO3 will precipitate; Pb2+ and I- are spectator ions.

B. No precipitate will form.
C. Pb(NO3)2 will precipitate; K+ and I- are spectator ions.
D. PbI2 will precipitate; K+ and NO3- are spectator ions.
E. Pb2+ and I- are spectator ions, and PbI2 will precipitate.
18. Based on the solubility rules, which of these processes will occur if solutions of CuSO4(aq) and BaCl2(aq)
are mixed?

A. CuCl2 will precipitate; Ba2+ and SO42- are spectator ions.

B. CuSO4 will precipitate; Ba2+ and Cl- are spectator ions.
C. BaSO4 will precipitate; Cu2+ and Cl- are spectator ions.
D. BaCl2 will precipitate; Cu2+ and SO42- are spectator ions.
E. No precipitate will form.

19. Based on the solubility rules, which of these processes will occur when solutions of ZnSO4(aq) and
MgCl2(aq) are mixed?

A. ZnCl2 will precipitate; Mg2+ and SO42- will be spectator ions.

B. ZnSO4 will precipitate; Mg2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions.
C. MgSO4 will precipitate; Zn2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions.
D. MgCl2 will precipitate; Zn2+ and SO42- will be spectator ions.
E. No precipitate will form.

20. Which of these choices is the correct net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when solutions of
Pb(NO3)2 and NH4Cl are mixed?

A. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq)  NH4NO3(aq) + PbCl2(s)

B. Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)  PbCl2(s)
C.
D. NH4+(aq)+ NO3- (aq)  2NH4NO3(s)
E. No reaction occurs when the solutions are mixed.

21. The common constituent in all acid solutions is

A. H2.
B. H+.
C. OH-.
D. H2SO4.
E. Cl-.

22. Identify the major ions present in an aqueous LiOH solution.

A. Li2+, O-, H-
B. Li+, OH-
C. LiO-, H+
D. Li+, O2-, H+
E. Li-, OH+

23. Identify the major ions present in an aqueous HNO3 solution.

A. HN+, O2-
B. OH-, NO3-
C. OH-, NO
D. H+, N3-, O2-
E. H+, NO3-
24. What is the correct formula of the salt formed in the neutralization reaction of hydrochloric acid with
calcium hydroxide?

A. CaO
B. CaCl2
C. CaH2
D. CaCl
E. CaClH

25. What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by the neutralization of hydrobromic acid with
magnesium hydroxide?

A. MgBr
B. Mg2Br3
C. Mg3Br2
D. Mg2Br
E. MgBr2

26. What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by the neutralization of nitric acid with calcium
hydroxide?

A. CaNO3
B. Ca2(NO3)3
C. Ca3(NO3)2
D. Ca2NO3
E. Ca(NO3)2

27. What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by the neutralization of sodium hydroxide with sulfuric
acid?

A. Na2SO4
B. Na2(SO4)3
C. Na(SO4)2
D. NaSO3
E. Na3SO4

28. What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by the neutralization of potassium hydroxide with
sulfuric acid?

A. KSO3
B. K2(SO4)3
C. K2SO4
D. K(SO4)2
E. KSO4

29. The oxidation number of N in NaNO3 is

A. +6.
B. +5.
C. +3.
D. -3.
E. none of these.
30. The oxidation number of S in K2SO4 is

A. +6.
B. +4.
C. +2.
D. -1.
E. none of these.

31. The oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 is

A. +8.
B. +7.
C. +5.
D. -7.
E. -8.

32. The oxidation number of Fe in K3Fe(CN)6 is

A. +3.
B. +2.
C. +1.
D. -3.
E. -4.

33. The oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72- is

A. -12.
B. -7.
C. -2.
D. +6.
E. +7.

34. The oxidation number of Cl in ClO3- is

A. -1.
B. +7.
C. +5.
D. +3.
E. none of these.

35. The oxidation number of Cl in ClO4- is

A. -1.
B. +1.
C. +3.
D. +5.
E. none of these.
36. The highest possible oxidation number of nitrogen is

A. +8.
B. +5.
C. +3.
D. +1.
E. -3.

37. The highest possible oxidation number of carbon is

A. +8.
B. +6.
C. +4.
D. +2.
E. -4.

38. Select the compound in which sulfur has its highest possible oxidation number.

A. H2S
B. SO2
C. SCl2
D. H2SO3
E. Na2SO4

39. The oxidation number of N in N2H4 is

A. +4.
B. -4.
C. +2.
D. -2.
E. 0.

40. Which choice gives the correct oxidation numbers for all three elements in Rb2SO3 in the order that the
elements are shown in the formula?

A. -2, +6, -2
B. -1, +4, -3
C. +2, +4, -2
D. +1, +4, -2
E. +1, +6, -6

41. Which one of these equations describes a redox reaction?

A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)  Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)

B. 2KBr(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  2KNO3(aq) + PbBr2(s)
C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g)
D. H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l)
E. CO32-(aq) + HSO4-(aq)  HCO3-(aq) + SO42-(aq)
42. Which of these equations does not represent an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A. 3Al + 6HCl  3H2 + AlCl3

B. 2H2O  2H2 + O2
C. 2NaCl + Pb(NO3)2  PbCl2 + 3NaNO3
D. 2NaI + Br2  2NaBr + I2
E. Cu(NO3)2 + Zn  Zn(NO3)2 + Cu

43. In the chemical reaction 5H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+  2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2, the oxidizing agent is

A. H2O2.
B. MnO4-.
C. H+.
D. Mn2+.
E. O2.

44. In the chemical reaction 5S + 6KNO3 + 2CaCO3  3K2SO4 + 2CaSO4 + CO2 + 3N2, the oxidizing agent is

A. S.
B. N2.
C. KNO3.
D. CaSO4.
E. CaCO3.

45. Identify the oxidizing agent in the chemical reaction 2MnO4- + 5H2SO3  2Mn2+ + 5SO42- + 4H+ + 3H2O.

A. MnO4-
B. H2SO3
C. Mn2+
D. SO42-
E. H+

46. Identify the reducing agent in the chemical reaction

5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l).

A. Fe2+
B. MnO4-
C. H+
D. Mn2+
E. Fe3+

47. Identify the reducing agent in the chemical reaction

Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O  Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2.

A. Cd
B. NiO2
C. H2O
D. Cd(OH)2
E. Ni(OH)2
48. What element is oxidized in the chemical reaction
3Cu + 8HNO3  3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O?

A. Cu
B. H
C. N
D. O
E. H2O

49. What element is oxidized in the chemical reaction

NiO2 + Cd + 2H2O  Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2?

A. Ni
B. Cd
C. O
D. H
E. This is not a redox reaction.

50. What element is oxidized in the chemical reaction

H2SO4 + Cd(OH)2  2H2O + CdSO4?

A. H
B. S
C. O
D. Cd
E. This is not a redox reaction.

51. What element is reduced in the chemical reaction

Cu + 2H2SO4  CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O?

A. Cu
B. H
C. S
D. O
E. H2O

52. Predict the products of the single replacement reaction

Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq)  ?

A. Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq)
B. Fe(s) + Cu(s) + SO4(aq)
C. CuS(s) + Fe2SO4(aq)
D. FeCuSO4(aq)
E. FeO(s) + CuSO3(aq)

53. Which of these chemical equations describes a disproportionation reaction?

A. 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g)  4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

B. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g)  2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
C. 2H2O2(aq)  2H2O(l) + O2(g)
D. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g)
E. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)  Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)
54. Which of these chemical equations describes a metal displacement reaction?

A. 2NaN3(s)  2Na(s) + 3N2(g)

B. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s)  2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)
C. 3NO2(g) + H2O(l)  2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)
D. 2P(s) + 3Cl2(g)  2PCl3(g)
E. 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g)  2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)

55. Which of these chemical equations describes a halogen displacement reaction?

A. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g)  2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)

B. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)  2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g)
D. 2KNO3(s)  2KNO2(s) + O2(g)
E. 2LiOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  Li2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

56. Which of these chemical equations describes a precipitation reaction?

A. 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(l)

B. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g)
C. 2KNO3(s)  2KNO2(s) + O2(g)
D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g)  2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
E. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)  Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)

57. Which of these chemical equations describes an acid-base neutralization reaction?

A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)  Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)

B. SO2(g) + H2O(l)  H2SO3(g)
C. LiOH(aq) + HNO3(aq)  LiNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g)  2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
E. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g)

58. Which of these chemical equations describes a hydrogen displacement reaction?

A. 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g)  4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

B. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g)  2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
C. N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
D. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g)
E. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)  Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)

59. Which of these chemical equations describes a combustion reaction?

A. 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g)  4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

B. LiOH(aq) + HNO3(aq)  LiNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
C. N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
D. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)  2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
E. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)  Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)
60. What mass of K2CO3 is needed to prepare 200. mL of a solution having a potassium ion concentration of
0.150 M?

A. 4.15 g
B. 10.4 g
C. 13.8 g
D. 2.07 g
E. 1.49 g

61. What mass of Na2SO4 is needed to prepare 350. mL of a solution having a sodium ion concentration of
0.125 M?

A. 3.11 g
B. 24.9 g
C. 12.4 g
D. 6.21 g
E. 8.88 g

62. What mass of Li3PO4 is needed to prepare 500. mL of a solution having a lithium ion concentration of
0.175 M?

A. 6.75 g
B. 10.1 g
C. 19.3 g
D. 30.4 g
E. 3.38 g

63. A 50.0 mL sample of 0.436 M NH4NO3 is diluted with water to a total volume of 250.0 mL. What is the
ammonium nitrate concentration in the resulting solution?

A. 21.8 M
B. 0.459 M
C. 2.18  10-2 M
D. 8.72  10-2 M
E. 0.109 M

64. A 20.00 mL sample of 0.1015 M nitric acid is introduced into a flask, and water is added until the volume
of the solution reaches 250. mL. What is the concentration of nitric acid in the final solution?

A. 1.27 M
B. 8.12  10-3 M
C. 0.406 M
D. 3.25  10-2 M
E. 5.08  10-4 M
65. A 3.682 g sample of KClO3 is dissolved in enough water to give 375. mL of solution. What is the chlorate
ion concentration in this solution?

A. 3.00  10-2 M
B. 4.41  10-2 M
C. 0.118 M
D. 1.65  10-2 M
E. 8.01  10-2 M

66. A 4.691 g sample of MgCl2 is dissolved in enough water to give 750. mL of solution. What is the
magnesium ion concentration in this solution?

A. 3.70  10-2 M
B. 1.05  10-2 M
C. 6.57  10-2 M
D. 4.93  10-2 M
E. 0.131 M

67. A 0.9182 g sample of CaBr2 is dissolved in enough water to give 500. mL of solution. What is the calcium
ion concentration in this solution?

A. 9.19  10-3 M
B. 2.30  10-3 M
C. 2.72  10-3 M
D. 4.59  10-3 M
E. 1.25  10-3 M

68. 35.0 mL of 0.255 M nitric acid is added to 45.0 mL of 0.328 M Mg(NO3)2. What is the concentration of
nitrate ion in the final solution?

A. 0.481 M
B. 0.296 M
C. 0.854 M
D. 1.10 M
E. 0.0295 M

69. 17.5 mL of a 0.1050 M Na2CO3 solution is added to 46.0 mL of 0.1250 M NaCl. What is the concentration
of sodium ion in the final solution?

A. 0.205 M
B. 0.119 M
C. 0.539 M
D. 0.148 M
E. 0.165 M
70. 25.0 mL of a 0.2450 M NH4Cl solution is added to 55.5 mL of 0.1655 M FeCl3. What is the concentration
of chloride ion in the final solution?

A. 0.607 M
B. 0.418 M
C. 1.35 M
D. 0.190 M
E. 0.276 M

71. When 38.0 mL of 0.1250 M H2SO4 is added to 100. mL of a solution of PbI2, a precipitate of PbSO4 forms.
The PbSO4 is then filtered from the solution, dried, and weighed. If the recovered PbSO4 is found to have a
mass of 0.0471 g, what was the concentration of iodide ions in the original solution?

A. 3.10  10-4 M
B. 1.55  10-4 M
C. 6.20  10-3 M
D. 3.11  10-3 M
E. 1.55  10-3 M

72. When 50.0 mL of a 0.3000 M AgNO3 solution is added to 50.0 mL of a solution of MgCl2, an AgCl
precipitate forms immediately. The precipitate is then filtered from the solution, dried, and weighed. If the
recovered AgCl is found to have a mass of 0.1183 g, what was the concentration of magnesium ions in the
original MgCl2 solution?

A. 0.300 M
B. 8.25  10-3 M
C. 1.65  10-2 M
D. 2.06  10-5 M
E. 4.13  10-3 M

73. When 20.0 mL of a 0.250 M (NH4)2S solution is added to 150.0 mL of a solution of Cu(NO3)2, a CuS
precipitate forms. The precipitate is then filtered from the solution, dried, and weighed. If the recovered
CuS is found to have a mass of 0.3491 g, what was the concentration of copper ions in the original
Cu(NO3)2 solution?

A. 3.65  10-3 M
B. 1.22  10-2 M
C. 3.33  10-2 M
D. 4.87  10-2 M
E. 2.43  10-2 M

74. 34.62 mL of 0.1510 M NaOH was needed to neutralize 50.0 mL of an H2SO4 solution. What is the
concentration of the original sulfuric acid solution?

A. 0.0229 M
B. 0.218 M
C. 0.0523 M
D. 0.209 M
E. 0.105 M
75. The concentration of oxalate ion (C2O42-) in a sample can be determined by titration with a solution of
permanganate ion (MnO4-) of known concentration. The net ionic equation for this reaction is
2MnO4- + 5C2O42- + 16H+  2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2
A 30.00 mL sample of an oxalate solution is found to react completely with 21.93 mL of a 0.1725 M
solution of MnO4-. What is the oxalate ion concentration in the sample?

A. 0.02914 M
B. 0.4312 M
C. 0.1821 M
D. 0.3152 M
E. 0.05044 M

76. One method of determining the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a solution is through
titration with iodide ion. The net ionic equation for this reaction is
H2O2 + 2I- +2H+  I2 + 2H2O
A 50.00 mL sample of a hydrogen peroxide solution is found to react completely with 37.12 mL of a
0.1500 M KI solution. What is the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the sample?

A. 5.568  10-2 M
B. 0.2227 M
C. 0.1010 M
D. 0.4041 M
E. 0.1114 M

77. Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid to yield hydrogen gas:

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
What mass of hydrogen gas is produced when a 7.35 g chunk of zinc dissolves in 500. mL of 1.200 M
HCl?

A. 0.605 g
B. 0.113 g
C. 0.302 g
D. 0.453 g
E. 0.227 g

78. Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid to yield hydrogen gas:

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
When a 12.7 g chunk of zinc dissolves in 500. mL of 1.450 M HCl, what is the concentration of hydrogen
ions remaining in the final solution?

A. 0.776 M
B. 0.388 M
C. 0.674 M
D. 1.06 M
E. 0M
79. Lithium metal dissolves in water to yield hydrogen gas and aqueous lithium hydroxide. What is the final
concentration of hydroxide ions when 5.500 g of lithium metal is dropped into 750. mL of water?

A. 1.06 M
B. 0.528 M
C. 2.11 M
D. 0.792 M
E. 0.943 M

80. When solid iron(II) hydroxide is added to water, the resulting solution contains 1.4  10-3 g of dissolved
iron(II) hydroxide per liter of solution. What is the hydroxide ion concentration in this solution?

A. 7.8  10-6 M
B. 1.6  10-5 M
C. 2.5 10-10 M
D. 3.1  10-5 M
E. 4.0  10-3 M

81. A 250. mL sample of 0.0328 M HCl is partially neutralized by the addition of 100. mL of 0.0245 M
NaOH. Find the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the resulting solution.

A. 0.00700 M
B. 0.0164 M
C. 0.0383 M
D. 0.0230 M
E. 0.0575 M

82. A 350. mL sample of 0.276 M HNO3 is partially neutralized by 125 mL of 0.0120 M Ca(OH)2. Find the
concentration of nitric acid in the resulting solution.

A. 0.210 M
B. 0.00632 M
C. 0.203 M
D. 0.0240 M
E. 0.197 M

83. 158 mL of a 0.148 M NaCl solution is added to 228 mL of a 0.369 M NH4NO3 solution. The concentration
of ammonium ions in the resulting mixture is

A. 0.157 M.
B. 0.218 M.
C. 0.625 M.
D. 0.369 M.
E. 0 M.
84. 1.40 g of silver nitrate is dissolved in 125 mL of water. To this solution is added 5.00 mL of 1.50 M
hydrochloric acid, and a precipitate forms. Find the concentration of silver ions remaining in the solution.

A. 5.7  10-3 M
B. 6.34  10-2 M
C. 5.77  10-2 M
D. 0.121 M
E. 5.9  10-3 M

85. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (commonly known as gypsum) dissolves in cold water to the extent of 0.241 g
per 100. cm3. What is the concentration of calcium ions in this solution?

A. 1.77  10-2 M
B. 2.80  10-2 M
C. 1.77  10-3 M
D. 3.54  10-2 M
E. 1.40  10-2 M

86. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate dissolves in cold water to the extent of 266 g per 100. cm 3. What is the
concentration of nitrate ions in this solution?

A. 32.4 M
B. 22.5 M
C. 11.3 M
D. 16.2 M
E. 8.10 M

87. Define solution, solute, and solvent.

88. Identify NaOH as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte.

89. Identify H2SO4 as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte.

90. Identify methanol (CH3OH) as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte.

91. Identify C12H22O11 (sucrose) as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte.

92. Identify MgCl2 as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte.

93. Identify CH3OH (methanol) as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte.

94. Identify CH3COOH as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte.

95. Identify KNO3 as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte.

96. Identify NH3 as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte.

97. Identify NH4Cl as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte.

98. Define and illustrate with an example the difference between an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte.

99. Define precipitate and illustrate with an example.

100. What are three characteristics of a base?

101. What are three characteristics of an acid?

102. Give an example of a monoprotic acid.

103. Give an example of a diprotic acid.

104. Give an example of a triprotic acid.

105. Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction. Aqueous iron(III) sulfate is added to aqueous
sodium sulfide to produce solid iron(III) sulfide and aqueous sodium sulfate.

106. What is the oxidation number of cesium in Cs2Cr2O7?

107. What is the oxidation number of chromium in Cs2Cr2O7?

108. What is the oxidation number of oxygen in Cs2Cr2O7?

109. Identify the element being oxidized in the following reaction.

4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3

110. Identify the element being reduced in the following reaction.

4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3
111. Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction.
4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3

112. Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction.

4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3

113. Identify the element being oxidized in the following reaction.

2KBr + F2  Br2 + 2KF

114. Identify the element being reduced in the following reaction.

2KBr + F2  Br2 + 2KF

115. Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction.

2KBr + F2  Br2 + 2KF

116. Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction.

2KBr + F2  Br2 + 2KF
117. What is the oxidation number of barium in BaNaPO4?

118. What is the oxidation number of sodium in BaNaPO4?

119. What is the oxidation number of phosphorus in BaNaPO4?

120. What is the oxidation number of oxygen in BaNaPO4?

121. What is the oxidation number of potassium in K2TaF7?

122. What is the oxidation number of tantalum in K2TaF7?

123. What is the oxidation number of fluorine in K2TaF7?

124. Thorium metal is prepared by reacting thorium oxide with calcium.
ThO2 + 2Ca  Th + 2CaO
Which substance is reduced in this process?

125. Thorium metal is prepared by reacting thorium oxide with calcium.

ThO2 + 2Ca  Th + 2CaO
What is the reducing agent in this process?

126. Thorium metal is prepared by reacting thorium oxide with calcium.

ThO2 + 2Ca  Th + 2CaO
Which substance is oxidized in this process?

127. Thorium metal is prepared by reacting thorium oxide with calcium.

ThO2 + 2Ca  Th + 2CaO
What is the oxidizing agent in this process?

128. Batteries in our cars generate electricity by the following chemical reaction.
Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4  2PbSO4 + 2H2O
Which substance is reduced in this process?
129. Batteries in our cars generate electricity by the following chemical reaction.
Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4  2PbSO4 + 2H2O
What is the reducing agent in this process?

130. Batteries in our cars generate electricity by the following chemical reaction.
Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4  2PbSO4 + 2H2O
Which substance is oxidized in this process?

131. Batteries in our cars generate electricity by the following chemical reaction.
Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4  2PbSO4 + 2H2O
What is the oxidizing agent in this process?

132. Describe the procedure used to make 3.0 liters of a 2.0 M KCl solution, starting with solid KCl and water.

133. What is the molarity of a solution that contains 5.0 moles of solute in 2.00 liters of solution?

134. The solubility of Ba(NO3)2 is 130.5 grams per liter at 0C. How many moles of dissolved salt are present
in 4.0 liters of a saturated solution of Ba(NO3)2 at 0ºC?
135. What is the molar concentration of chloride ions in a solution prepared by mixing 100. mL of 2.0 M KCl
with 50. mL of a 1.5 M CaCl2 solution?

136. What volume of concentrated nitric acid (15.0 M) is required to make 100. mL of a 3.0 M nitric acid
solution?

137. During a titration the following data were collected. A 10. mL portion of an unknown monoprotic acid
solution was titrated with 1.0 M NaOH; 40. mL of the base were required to neutralize the sample. What is
the molarity of the acid solution?

138. During a titration the following data were collected. A 10. mL portion of an unknown monoprotic acid
solution was titrated with 1.0 M NaOH; 40. mL of the base were required to neutralize the sample. How
many moles of acid are present in 2.0 liters of this unknown solution?

139. If 145 grams of potassium nitrate were added to water to make 1,500 mL of solution, what would be the
molarity of the resulting solution?

140. During a titration the following data were collected. A 50.0 mL portion of an HCl solution was titrated
with 0.500 M NaOH; 200. mL of the base was required to neutralize the sample. How many grams of HCl
are present in 500. mL of this acid solution?
141. Characterize Na2SO4 as either a good or poor conductor of electricity.

142. Characterize Pb(C2H3O2)2 as either a good or poor conductor of electricity.

143. Characterize glacial (pure) acetic acid as either a good or poor conductor of electricity.

144. Characterize gasoline (C8H18) as either a good or poor conductor of electricity.

145. Which substance is acting as a Brønsted acid in the following reaction?

HSO4- + NH4+  H2SO4 + NH3

146. Identify the Brønsted acid in the following reaction.

NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

147. Approximately 80% of the mass of a human body consists of aqueous solutions (spinal fluid, blood, etc.)
These solutions are unsaturated salt solutions that are 0.21 M NaCl and have a density of 1 g/mL. How
many pounds of salt are present in an 180 lb adult?
148. A chemistry student added chemicals to test tubes according to the information provided below.
copper + silver nitrate  ____?_____ + _____?____
Observation: The copper is becoming coated with a substance.
(NOTE: When the copper reacts, it goes to the 2+ ion.)

What is the most active metal in this reaction?

149. A chemistry student added chemicals to test tubes according to the information provided below.
copper + silver nitrate  ____?_____ + _____?____
Observation: The copper is becoming coated with a substance.
(NOTE: When the copper reacts, it goes to the 2+ ion.)

Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

150. A chemistry student added chemicals to test tubes according to the information provided below.
copper + silver nitrate  ____?_____ + _____?____
Observation: The copper is becoming coated with a substance.
(NOTE: When the copper reacts, it goes to the 2+ ion.)

Write the net ionic equation for this reaction.

151. A chemistry student added chemicals to test tubes according to the information provided below.
lead + copper(II) nitrate  ___?_____ + ___?_ __
Observation: The lead is turning black and crumbling.
(NOTE: Lead forms a 2+ ion when it reacts.)

What is the most active metal in this reaction?

152. A chemistry student added chemicals to test tubes according to the information provided below.
lead + copper(II) nitrate  ___?_____ + ___?_ __
Observation: The lead is turning black and crumbling.
(NOTE: Lead forms a 2+ ion when it reacts.)

Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

153. A chemistry student added chemicals to test tubes according to the information provided below.
lead + copper(II) nitrate  ___?_____ + ___?_ __
Observation: The lead is turning black and crumbling.
(NOTE: Lead forms a 2+ ion when it reacts.)

Write the net ionic equation for this reaction.

154. A chemistry student added chemicals to test tubes according to the information provided below.
zinc + lead(II) nitrate  ____?____ + ____?____
Observation: The solid zinc falls apart.

What is the most active metal in this reaction?

155. A chemistry student added chemicals to test tubes according to the information provided below.
zinc + lead(II) nitrate  ____?____ + ____?____
Observation: The solid zinc falls apart.

Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

156. A chemistry student added chemicals to test tubes according to the information provided below.
zinc + lead(II) nitrate  ____?____ + ____?____
Observation: The solid zinc falls apart.

Write the net ionic equation for this reaction.

157. Given the following information, write a short activity series for the metals copper, silver, lead, and zinc.

Expt. #1: copper + silver nitrate

Observation: The copper is becoming coated with a substance.

Expt. #2: lead + copper(II) nitrate

Observation: The lead is turning black and crumbling.

Expt. #3: zinc + lead(II) nitrate

Observation: The solid zinc falls apart.

158. We balance chemical equations because they obey the law of definite proportions.

True False

159. From the following equation, we can deduce that six hundred P4O10 molecules would react with one
hundred H2O molecules.
P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l)  4H3PO4(aq)

True False

160. The following equation is balanced.

Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  CaSO4(s) + 2HNO3(aq)

True False

161. Sugar dissolves in water, therefore it is a strong electrolyte.

True False

162. Silver chloride (AgCl) has an extremely low solubility in water; therefore, it is a weak electrolyte.

True False
163. Most compounds containing chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except those containing Ag+,
Hg22+, and Pb2+.

True False

164. The following reaction is an acid-base neutralization reaction.

H2SO4(aq) + CaBr2(aq)  CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g)

True False

165. The oxidation number of N in NO is +7.

True False

166. Hydrogen is oxidized in the following chemical reaction.

H2 + Cl2  2HCl

True False

167. The following equation is an example of a net ionic equation.

Na+(aq) + Br-(aq) + Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq)  AgBr(s) + Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq)

True False

168. The oxidation number of iodine increases by 6 in the following reaction.

2MnO4- + I- + H2O  2MnO2 + IO3- + 2OH-

True False

169. A weak acid or a weak base ionizes completely.

True False
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Key

1.C

2.E

3.B

4.B

5.E

6.C

7.E

8.A

9.B

10.D

11.B

12.A

13.B

14.D

15.A

16.D

17.D

18.C

19.E

20.B

21.B

22.B

23.E

24.B

25.E

26.E

27.A

28.C

29.B

30.A
31.B

32.A

33.D

34.C

35.E

36.B

37.C

38.E

39.D

40.D

41.A

42.C

43.B

44.C

45.A

46.A

47.A

48.A

49.B

50.E

51.C

52.A

53.C

54.B

55.A

56.B

57.C

58.E

59.A

60.D

61.A

62.E

63.D

64.B
65.E

66.C

67.A

68.A

69.D

70.B

71.D

72.B

73.E

74.C

75.D

76.A

77.E

78.C

79.A

80.D

81.B

82.E

83.B

84.A

85.E

86.B

87.A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The substance present in a smaller amount is called the solute, while the
substance present in the larger amount is called the solvent.

88.electrolyte

89.electrolyte

90.nonelectrolyte

91.nonelectrolyte

92.electrolyte

93.nonelectrolyte

94.weak electrolyte

95.strong electrolyte

96.weak electrolyte

97.strong electrolyte
98.(Answers will vary.) An electrolyte is a substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity. An example is
sodium hydrogen carbonate. A nonelectrolyte does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water. An example would be sugar.

99. A precipitate is an insoluble solid that separates from a solution.

CoCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq)  CoCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
In this reaction, CoCO3 is a precipitate.

100.a. A base has a bitter taste.

b. A base feels slippery.
c. A base changes red litmus paper to blue.

101.a. An acid has a sour taste.

b. An acid changes blue litmus paper to red.
c. An acid reacts with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas.

102.HNO3

103.H2CO3

104.H3PO4

105.2Fe3+(aq) + 3S2-(aq)  Fe2S3(s)

106.+1

107.+6

108.-2

109. Al

110. O

111. Al

112. O2

113. Br

114. F

115. F2

116. Br-

117.+2

118.+1

119.+5

120.-2

121.+1

122.+5

123.-1

124. Th4+ is reduced.

125. Ca

126. Ca

127. ThO4

128. Pb4+
129. Pb

130. Pb

131. PbO2

132.Determine the molar mass of KCl, which is 74.55 g/mol; weigh out 447.3 grams (6 mol) of KCl; dissolve the KCl in enough water to form
exactly 3 liters of solution.

133.2.5 M

134.2.0 moles

135.2.3 M

136.20. mL

137.4.0 M

138.8.0 moles

139.0.956 M

140.36.5 g

141.good

142.good

143.poor

144.poor

145. NH4+

146. H2O

147. 1.77 lbs (802 g)

148. copper

149. Cu + 2AgNO3  2Ag + Cu(NO3)2

150. Cu + 2Ag+  Cu2+ + 2Ag

151. lead

152. Pb + Cu(NO3)2  Cu + Pb(NO3)2

153. Pb + Cu2+  Pb2+ + Cu

154. zinc

155. Zn + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Zn(NO3)2

156. Zn + Pb2+  Zn2+ + Pb

157. Most active Zn, next most active Pb, next most active Cu, least active Ag

158.FALSE

159.FALSE

160.TRUE

161.FALSE

162.FALSE
163.TRUE

164.FALSE

165.FALSE

166.TRUE

167.FALSE

168.TRUE

169.FALSE