AUSTRALIA

A) sharing of solar power

•countries having developed solar power systems may help any other countries which will help in making the
world more environmentally friendly
B) black market
* there is a growing problem in which people are generating solar energy at home and selling it even though they
are not authorised companies
* This act should be a punishable offence and should lead to 1 month in jail and fines.
C) Taxes on solar energy
* import of solar energy should have fewer taxes and tariff barriers.
D) budget for solar energy improvement
* countries should make new budgets yearly budgets for solar energy growth programs

BAHAMAS
1. Solar Capacity Enhancement: Develop a comprehensive solar energy roadmap that sets ambitious targets
for solar capacity expansion, taking into consideration the unique geographical and climatic conditions of the
nation.
2. Investment Facilitation: Establish a conducive environment for both domestic and international investments
in solar energy projects, infrastructure, and research to stimulate economic growth and create employment
Opportunities.
3. Energy Access and Equity: Prioritize equitable solar energy distribution across communities, ensuring that
underserved and remote areas have access to clean and affordable energy.
4. Public-Private Partnerships: Foster collaborations between the government, private sector, and international
organizations to accelerate the deployment of solar projects and share expertise.
5. Education and Training: Establish programs to educate citizens about the benefits of solar energy and
provide training for technicians, engineers, and workers in the solar industry.

BANGLADESH:
A)Feed-in Tariffs (FiTs): Introduce feed-in tariffs that guarantee a fixed payment rate for solar energy generated
over a certain period. This provides investors with predictable revenue streams and encourages solar project
development.
B)Renewable Energy Purchase Obligation (RPO): Mandate utilities to procure a certain percentage of their
energy from renewable sources, including solar. This creates a market demand for solar power and drives
investments in the sector.
C)Land Use Policies: Allocate suitable land for large-scale solar projects and establish clear guidelines for land
leasing, ensuring minimal conflicts with agricultural or other land uses.
D)Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Facilitate partnerships between public entities and private companies for
solar project development, leveraging private sector expertise and resources.
Green Building Standards: Mandate or incentivize the integration of solar energy systems into new building
designs, ensuring a certain percentage of energy needs are met through solar power.
E)Capacity Building and Training Programs: Develop training initiatives for government officials, local
technicians, and workers to build expertise in solar technology installation, maintenance, and management.
F)Environmental and Social Impact Assessments: Require thorough assessments of the environmental and
social impacts of solar projects, ensuring sustainable and responsible development.

Brazil:
1. Identify Key Stakeholders: Identify and involve key stakeholders, including government agencies, local
communities, private sector entities, financial institutions, and non-governmental organizations. Their
collaboration is essential to create a holistic approach to scaling solar energy.
2. Innovative Business Models: Develop and promote innovative business models that make solar energy more
accessible and financially viable. Some examples include:
a. Solar Leasing and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): Allow individuals, businesses, and institutions to
lease solar panels or sign PPAs with solar providers. This eliminates the upfront cost of purchasing and installing
solar panels.
b. Community Solar: Establish shared solar installations that allow multiple stakeholders to invest in and benefit
from a single solar project. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who cannot install solar panels on their
properties.
 c. Pay-as-You-Go (PAYG) Systems: Implement PAYG models where users pay for solar energy services
incrementally, often through mobile payments. This is suitable for regions with limited access to electricity.
d. Energy as a Service (EaaS): Provide solar energy solutions as a service, where customers pay for the energy
produced rather than the hardware. This shifts the responsibility of maintenance and technology upgrades to the
service provider.
3. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Form strategic partnerships between government entities and private
sector companies to jointly develop, finance, and operate solar energy projects. This collaboration can leverage
the strengths of both sectors:
Government-a. Risk Sharing: b. Policy Support.
PRIVATE Sec-c. Technical Expertise: d. Financing:
4. Demonstration Projects: Initiate pilot projects to showcase the viability and benefits of innovative business
models and public-private partnerships. These projects serve as tangible examples that attract further investment
and interest from other stakeholders.
5. Capacity Building: Provide training programs and workshops for local communities, entrepreneurs, and the
workforce to develop the necessary skills for manufacturing, installation, operation, and maintenance of solar
energy systems. A skilled workforce is crucial for successful project implementation and sustainability.

Canada:
The Canadian Renewable Energy Association (CanREA) is the voice for wind energy, solar energy and energy
storage solutions that will power Canada’s energy future. We work to create the conditions for a modern energy
system through stakeholder advocacy and public engagement. Our diverse members are uniquely positioned to
deliver clean, low-cost, reliable, flexible and scalable solutions for Canada’s energy needs.
1. Renewable portfolio standard.
2. The formation incentives.
3. Production tax credit
As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, Canada's solar policy aimed to promote renewable energy
adoption, including solar power. Provincial and federal governments offered various incentives such as tax
credits, grants, and rebates to encourage the installation of solar panels. The policies might have evolved since
then, so I recommend checking with official government sources or recent news for the most up-to-date
information on Canada's solar policies.

China:
A)Solar Grid pattern
Generally, grid-tied solar systems are more cost-effective due to the lower upfront cost and the ability to receive
credits for excess energy production. Off-grid solar systems require expensive batteries for energy storage.

B)China today operates on two wide area synchronous grids

the State Grid in the North and China Southern Power Grid in the South. The grids are operated by two
respectively named grid operating companies.

C)Government incentives
China's budget for renewable energy subsidies was increased to 6 billion yuan for 2021, with solar power
receiving 3.38 billion yuan. These grants are set to be distributed to 14 provinces, with Inner Mongolia receiving
the majority of the funding with 5.10 billion yuan.

D)China's contribution
China has the largest solar energy capacity in the world, at 306,973 MW, which is 35.8% of the entire world's
solar capacity.
China's domestic solar PV industry continues re-investing profits to expand its local capacity while attracting new
investors. More manufacturers investing in upstream sectors, which are more profitable than modules.
The available export module capacity in the country is expected to grow to 149 GW by 2026.
Chinese researchers say they have developed a new form of solar cells that not only have greater efficiency but
can also be mass-produced at half the cost of traditional silicon cells. Solar cells, known as perovskite solar cells,
are a type of thin-film device that uses a special type of compound to absorb light.

E)Barriers to solar installations

Some solar cells are also made with chemicals such as sulfuric acid and phosphine gas as well as metals such
as lead, chromium, and cadmium. These chemicals and metals are toxic to humans through contact and
contamination of resources. While many developed countries that produce photovoltaic cells have properly
disposed of or repurposed wasted solar cells, many Chinese firms have not adopted the practice of recycling
solar panels and waste. Non-hazardous materials have also been dumped instead of repurposed, further
contributing to waste.
As the goal of China is to go green, China is taking steps to control these solar cells made with
chemicals it is aiming to get a country free from all types of carbon emissions.
China is doing better-
Out of 14 GW solar addition in 2022, rooftop solar accounted for just 1.9 GW in India
In China, rooftop solar comprised 55 GW out of 87 GW of total solar capacity addition in the same year
The solar industry thrived in India with an addition of about 14 GW in the year 2022. Even so, it fell short of its
2022 solar target of a cumulative 100 GW comprehensively, ending up at 62 GW, with total rooftop solar at barely
7 GW. Meanwhile, in China, with the highest installed capacity and ongoing solar rollout worldwide, a curious
change has been taking place. Unlike India, where utility-scale solar had the highest share in installed capacity,
the major factor behind China's performance was rooftop solar installations in 2022.
China is not only doing great but is also getting close to its goal every day.

Denmark:
Denmark has implemented a forward-looking policy on solar energy to drive sustainable and climate-safe
economic growth. The country has focused on incentivizing solar investments through a combination of
subsidies, tax benefits, and streamlined permitting processes. This approach aims to boost renewable energy
capacity, reduce carbon emissions, and create green jobs. Additionally, Denmark's commitment to research and
development in solar technology has contributed to advancements in efficiency and affordability, further
encouraging investment in this clean energy source.

India
The indispensable policy recommendations by the Delegates of India are structured in brief below.

(A) National Fund Board for Off Grid and Mini Grids.
1.1)Incentives can be provided to small and medium-level households
• Connection to local electricity can help in the storage of excess production of solar energy
rather than sending it back to the grid.
1.2)Funds for convenient availability of conventional grids. 1.3)Make-in-roots initiative
• Rural and marginalised unemployed can be organised for training on manufacturing of the grids.

(B) Energy Storage Integration

1.3) Integration of Sodium-ion batteries over Lithium-ion batteries in the context of grid power storage
due to increased stability and far easier methods of manufacture as opposed to the latter.

(C) Introduction of Large Projects.

1.4)Public-Private Partnership
• Large plants to generate substantial solar power for fuelling industrialisation as well as
combating climate change at the initiative of both state and private sectors.
1.5)Creation of solar parks at a federal initiative with the cost borne by governments at both levels.

(D) Net Zero Carbon Emission at Glasgow Pact.

1.6)Priority to the country’s commitment to the conference
1.7)Information Coordination Body
• An information exchange panel of all signatory countries to discuss the successes and failures of
such implementation for a collective and effective achievement of the goal.

(E) Globalisation
1.8) Cost-effective production
• Countries will low cost of production of solar energy can help supply the energy for inclusive growth.
(F) Regulatory body
1.9)Poor governance and vested interest in fossil-based fuels need to be checked.
1.10) Thanks to favourable geographical characteristics – including land availability, sunlight,
soil configuration, and air temperature – several FCS have among the world’s highest practical solar
photovoltaic potential, or the output achievable by a photovoltaic system, which can be channelized
by a governing body.

(G) Women's Empowerment and Education

1.11) Incorporating gender-responsive policies in solar projects to empower women through job
opportunities and education, contributing to inclusive and equitable growth.

(H) Solar-Powered Healthcare

1.12)Introduction of the concept of solar-powered healthcare facilities in remote areas.
1.13) Ensuring access to essential medical services and enhancing the overall well-being of
communities that lack medical stability due to the unavailability of clean energy in remote areas.

(I) Solar Art and Education Initiatives

1.14) Conduction of public awareness campaigns and educational programs that leverage solar art
installations to engage communities and foster a deeper understanding of solar energy's benefits
1.15) The proposed art installations must be region specific integrating the local culture and language
of the region for better and faster acceptance of solar policies.

(J) E-waste Management for Solar

1.16) Recommending a comprehensive e-waste management framework for the solar industry in
order to address the challenge of electronic waste from solar components.

(K) Solar Innovation Centres

1.17) The establishment of solar innovation hubs and centres to encourage research and
development while ensuring the commercialisation of cutting-edge solar technologies.
1.18) This further encourages public interest and acceptance of solar policies while providing the
brightest minds with a medium to further work on enhancing solar technologies.

ITALY
A)ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF GLOBAL ON-GRID AND OFF-GRID
There is an urgent requirement to move towards solar energy because the non-renewal source of energy is
limited on earth and its consumption is increasing day by day. We can move to solar energy with the help of the
following points-
• We need to focus on establishing the on-grid and
off-grid system by contacting different
manufactures.
• We should be aware people about the benefits of solar
energy.
• There is a need to set up more grids and employ
more people for proper management.
• There is also a need to set up more solar plants. We should motivate people for installing more on-grids
systems as in these systems every people could be beneficial, especially those who cannot afford to install a
solar panel.

MALAYSIA
Malaysia's Solar-Powered Global Power Trading and Exchange Framework is an innovative policy proposal
designed to leverage solar energy production and facilitate the global trading and exchange of power through
bidding and purchase of futures and options on electricity. This policy aims to harness solar energy potential,
promote international cooperation, drive economic growth and accelerate the transition to a sustainable energy
future.
Policy Objectives:
1. Promotion of Solar Energy Export: Encourage the export of surplus solar energy generated in Malaysia
through global power trading and exchange, boosting economic revenue.
2. Renewable Energy Integration: Foster the integration of solar energy into the global energy market,
contributing to a more sustainable and diversified global energy mix.
3. Economic Growth: Stimulate economic growth by creating new revenue streams from power exports and
participating in global energy markets

NETHERLANDS

1. SOLAR IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT:

In urban environments, there is a growing demand for inconspicuous or even invisible solar
technology. While it may be possible to install solar panels in places that cannot be seen from
the street, this severely reduces the potential yield. Solar cells are therefore increasingly
integrated into prefab building modules, roof tiles, windows and façades. Solar collectors
underneath roofs or façades enable solar energy to be used directly for heating and cooling,
without negatively impacting the appearance of a building. Another approach is to create solar
technology that does not need to be camouflaged but actually enhances the visual appearance
of a building. In a country famous for ‘Dutch Design’ and bold architecture, it is not surprising to
find many companies experimenting with new shapes and applications, such as solar panels,
solar films and BIPV modules in different colours or incorporating images.
Other innovations focus on ways of maximising the generation capacity on and around
buildings. Especially south-facing façades offer huge potential. To take advantage of this
potential, Dutch solar companies work with architects and other parties to design completely
new, integrated modules. From the inception phase, this enables energy generation to be
combined with other important construction aspects such as ventilation, cooling and roof and
façade sealing. The yield of BIPV installations can also be increased by improving the
underlying technology. Examples of solutions developed by Dutch companies are flexible BIPV
systems that compensate for shadow or the failure of individual cells, and smart software that
continually monitors the functioning of systems.
Especially if PV technology transforms from stand-alone systems to fully integrated modules, it
is crucial to guarantee a high level of reliability and quality. Users of Dutch BIPV solutions can
be sure of compliance with the very strict and exacting Dutch as well as European legislation in
areas such as fire safety, construction quality and indoor climate. To ensure that BIPV modules
deliver the anticipated yield, Dutch companies develop their solutions in close cooperation with
research institutes, where the performance of prototypes is monitored every second using very
advanced equipment.

2. SOLAR LANDSCAPES
In densely populated areas it is crucial to ensure public support for large-scale solar
energy projects. A consortium of Dutch companies, public authorities and research
institutes is investigating innovative strategies, for example by developing new ways of
visually integrating solar farms into the landscape, and by studying the (long-term)
ecological impact of solar farms. The same consortium also focuses on the options for
combining solar farms with other types of land use. Agriculture in particular offers
promising opportunities, as long as solar panel arrays do not interfere with crucial
factors such as soil quality, rain infiltration and the incidence of light.
A key innovation in this area is the emergence of bifacial solar panels, in which Dutch
companies and researchers have developed a high level of expertise. Bifacial panels are
highly efficient, because they absorb energy on both sides directly, but also capture
diffuse and reflected light. These are key advantages in an agricultural setting: it means
that they generate attractive yields even in an upright position, making it easier to
incorporate these panels in, for example, horticulture and nurseries. To enhance the
potential yield of bifacial panels further still, Dutch companies have combined them
with smart automation and sun-tracking systems. This ensures that panels are always
at an optimal angle to the sun, and can be moved to an upright position if necessary for
cultivation of the soil by agricultural vehicles or for irrigation purposes. All in all,
innovations of this kind can increase the efficiency of solar panels by up to 30%.
For a well-founded business case, a watchful eye is needed on the anticipated yields. In
cooperation with research institutes, Dutch companies and project developers have
access to advanced calculation models. Constantly updated parameters are added to
these models for an increasingly more reliable result. For example, Dutch scientists
carry out research into the impact of the albedo effect, which determines how much
light is reflected by the environment. Different colours of grass or crops in the
surrounding area, or possibly snow, have a direct impact on the yield of solar farms.

3. SOLAR INFRASTRUCTURE
When it comes to finding ways of combining solar energy generation with other
types of land use, infrastructure offers some key advantages. By definition,
roads and railways converge on (and connect) densely populated areas with high energy demand. In fact, the
infrastructure itself is used intensively, which means there is a large demand for ‘on the spot’ energy: from electric
vehicles to railway stations and infrastructure. And since the infrastructure is often designed according to similar
specifications, innovative concepts for integrating solar energy can relatively easily be reused and scaled up. For
years, Dutch companies and researchers have worked on the integration of PV technology into infrastructure. In
particular, a lot of experience has been gained in PV noise barriers and several solutions are available for
wide-scale implementation. Proven solutions are also available for roadsides, where existing technology has
been adapted to take into account the specific, elongated shape of roadside solar farms and traffic safety
concerns. Now Dutch companies are widening the scope of their innovations to include other roadside
infrastructure such as crash barriers, as well as the road itself. Solar cells have already been incorporated in
bicycle lanes and pilot projects are underway in which PV-integrated road surfaces are being tested for heavier
traffic. However, infrastructure encompasses more than roads and railways. Dutch companies also have
experience with installing solar panels on former landfill sites, and on dykes, dams and bridges. When exploring
and developing such new applications, not only do Dutch companies benefit from cross-pollination with scientists
and researchers, but also from the strong involvement of the authorities responsible for managing infrastructure.
Municipalities and provinces initiate pilot projects, and water authorities have identified the thousands of
kilometres of dykes in the Netherlands as a unique opportunity to become net energy suppliers by 2030. The
National Waterways and Highways The agency (Rijkswaterstaat) is the co-initiator of a consortium in which Dutch
companies and researchers pool their knowledge and innovative strength for the
benefit of the energy transition in the Netherlands and abroad.

4. FLOATING SOLAR
Water management and offshore construction are successful export products for the Netherlands: throughout the
world, Dutch expertise plays a key role in many challenging marine engineering projects. It is therefore not
surprising that the Netherlands has enthusiastically embraced the concept of floating solar farms. It has a highly
developed domestic market, thanks in part to the Dutch government’s active role as a ‘launching customer’ and
the availability of the right policy frameworks, permit systems and opportunities for subsidies. Floating solar farms
with good yields have already been built at a variety of locations, including sand extraction lakes, water treatment
plants and water reservoirs. Through a national consortium, Dutch companies, knowledge institutes and water
authorities aim to achieve 2,000 hectares of floating solar farms by 2023. Technological innovations by Dutch
companies focus on the quality and reliability of the required technology, which becomes even more crucial as
the scale of floating solar farms throughout the world increases. In addition, the Netherlands leads the way in
researching the ecological impact of floating solar farms, for example, on water quality and biodiversity. Such
insights make it easier to identify locations where solar energy can be harvested for years to come, without
adverse effects on the environment. Possibly the most crucial factor in the long term is that Dutch companies are
exploring the opportunities for floating solar farms beyond the relatively easy, calm inland water bodies.
Urbanised areas with a high energy demand are often located on the coast or in river deltas, where there is a
large amount of useable space but where wind, waves and tides combine to create a very challenging
environment. However, through joint research and ambitious pilot projects, the Dutch are increasingly able to
come up with robust solutions. Around the periphery of the Rotterdam Port area, experiments have taken place
with floating (and in some cases sun-tracking) solar farms, at a location with waves of up to a metre high. At the
same location, preparations are underway for the construction of a floating solar farm that is expected to cover
100 hectares. Elsewhere in the Netherlands, preliminary research is focusing on large inland water bodies (also
with waves of more than a metre in height) and even offshore floating solar farms.
 5. PRACTICAL LEGAL ASPECTS OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
Although solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants currently represent a small part of global power
generation, solar PV is becoming an increasingly important energy generation technology. In
the Netherlands – admittedly not the first country that comes to mind when thinking of solar PV
– several solar PV parks have been developed over the past years and the capacity of solar PV
parks is rapidly increasing. The largest park that became operational in 2016, SunPort Delfzijl,
has an installed capacity of 30 MWp. At this moment, projects with a capacity of 50 MWp and
even 100 MWp are under development. In the 2017 spring renewable subsidy round, a large
majority of the subsidy applications were for solar PV projects. Factors accounting for this rise
of solar PV projects include the relatively short development phase of solar PV plants and the
fact that these plants will generally encounter less opposition from residents than, for example,
wind parks. Furthermore, due to the increased efficiency of solar technology and the applicable
subsidy schemes, countries such as the Netherlands have become an attractive locations for
solar PV projects.

NORWAY

1. GLOBAL GROSS AND NET METERING

• Policy Clarity: Clear and comprehensive policies should be established for both gross and net metering.
This includes defining the eligibility criteria, the application process, metering arrangements, tariff structure, etc.
• Infrastructure Upgrade: The existing grid infrastructure may need to be upgraded or expanded to
accommodate the increased distributed generation.
• Technical Support: Technical support should be provided to consumers to help them install and
maintain their renewable energy systems.
• Encourage Local Manufacturing: To reduce the cost of renewable energy systems, local manufacturing
of components should be encouraged.
• Grid Stability: Measures should be taken to ensure that the increased distributed generation does not
compromise the stability of the grid.
ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF GLOBAL ON-GRIDS AND OFF-GRIDS
• Incentives: Governments should offer incentives such as tax breaks or subsidies to individuals and
businesses that install renewable energy systems. This will make these systems more affordable and attractive.
• Education and Awareness: There should be efforts to educate the public about the benefits of gross
and net metering. This can be done through public campaigns, workshops, and seminars.
• Infrastructure Development: Governments should invest in developing the necessary infrastructure for
gross and net metering. This includes upgrading the grid to handle the influx of renewable energy and installing
smart meters.
• Fair Pricing: The price paid for excess energy fed back into the grid should be fair and reflective of the
true value of that energy. This will ensure that those who invest in renewable energy systems get a good return
on their investment.
• Streamlined Processes: The process for getting a renewable energy system installed and connected to
the grid should be streamlined and simplified. This will make it easier for individuals and businesses to adopt
these systems.
Financial incentives for the creation and use of solar energy
• Tax Credits: Governments can offer tax credits to individuals and businesses that install solar energy
systems. This reduces the overall cost of the system, making it more affordable.
• Grants and Subsidies: Direct financial support in the form of grants and subsidies can be provided to
cover a portion of the cost of installing solar energy systems.
• Feed-in Tariffs: Governments can implement feed-in tariffs, where individuals and businesses are paid
for the excess solar energy they produce and feed back into the grid.
• Net Metering: Net metering allows solar system owners to sell excess power back to the utility at retail
rates, effectively "rolling back" their electric meter.
• Low-Interest Loans: Governments or financial institutions can offer low-interest loans for the purchase
and installation of solar energy systems.
• This reduces the financial burden on individuals and businesses.
Policy for global trading and exchange of power (electricity) – Bidding and purchase of futures and options on
electricity
• Establishment of a Global Power Exchange Platform: A global platform should be established where
countries can bid, trade, and exchange electricity. This platform should be transparent, efficient, and accessible
to all participating countries.
• Regulation and Standardization: There should be a global regulatory body that oversees the trading and
exchange of power. This body should set standards for trading, bidding, and the purchase of futures and options
on electricity.
• Pricing Mechanism: A fair and transparent pricing mechanism should be established. This mechanism
should take into account the cost of production, transmission, and distribution of electricity.
• Risk Management: Policies should be put in place to manage risks associated with the trading and
exchange of power. These could include
• the use of futures and options to hedge against price volatility.
• Dispute Resolution: There should be a clear and fair dispute resolution mechanism in place. This
mechanism should be able to handle disputes between countries and other stakeholders.

PANAMA:
1. Pollution produced by the manufacturing of solar panels:-
Although solar energy itself does not produce any harmful emissions, the manufacturing, transportation,
installation, and disposal of solar panels can have negative environmental impacts. We can regulate this problem
in the following ways:-
->The solar panel industry should adopt best practices and technologies that reduce the use of hazardous
chemicals and materials, increase the efficiency and recycling of resources, and minimize the environmental
impact of solar panel production.
->The researchers and innovators in the field of solar energy should explore new ways to improve the
performance and durability of solar panels while using less harmful or more abundant materials.

2. High cost of solar panels:-

The high cost of solar energy can be regulated in the following ways:-
->The governments of the countries where solar energy is used or produced should implement policies and
incentives that support the development and adoption of solar energy. These could include tax credits, subsidies,
feed-in tariffs, net metering, renewable portfolio standards, carbon pricing, etc. These policies and incentives can
help reduce the upfront and operational costs of solar energy, increase the competitiveness of solar energy with
other sources of energy, and create a market demand for solar energy.
->The consumers of solar energy should be aware of the benefits and challenges of solar energy, and demand
more transparency and accountability from the producers and providers. They should also support the recycling
and proper disposal of old or broken solar panels, and choose products that have lower environmental footprints.
They should also adopt energy efficiency measures and practices that can reduce their electricity consumption
and bills.

QATAR

1. Global Gross and Net Metering

Objective:
To promote the widespread adoption of solar energy by enabling fair compensation for
excess electricity generation and encouraging the efficient use of renewable energy
resources.
Provisions:
1. Gross Metering: Member and partner countries shall establish gross metering systems,
where solar energy producers are compensated for the total electricity generated by their
solar installations, regardless of consumption.
2. Net Metering: Member and partner countries shall implement net metering mechanisms
that allow solar energy producers to offset their consumption with the excess electricity
generated, resulting in lower energy bills.

2. Establishment and Management of Global On-Grids and Off-Grids

Objective:
To ensure efficient integration of solar energy into existing power grids and promote the
development of off-grid solar solutions in areas with limited access to traditional electricity
infrastructure.
Provisions:
1. On-Grid Solar Integration: Member and partner countries shall develop and implement
guidelines for the seamless integration of solar energy into national and regional power grids,
including technical standards and grid compatibility assessments.
2. Off-Grid Solar Solutions: Countries shall encourage the deployment of off-grid solar
systems in rural and remote areas, providing access to clean and reliable energy for
underserved communities.

3. Financial Incentives for the Creation and Use of Solar Energy

Objective:
To stimulate investment in solar energy infrastructure and accelerate the transition to
renewable energy sources.
Provisions:
1. Feed-in Tariffs: Member and partner countries may consider implementing feed-in tariffs
to provide guaranteed payments to solar energy producers for a set period, promoting long-
term investments.
2. Tax Incentives: Governments shall offer tax incentives, such as tax credits or exemptions,
to individuals, businesses, and organizations that invest in solar energy projects.

4. Policy for Global Trading and Exchange of Power (Electricity)

Objective:
To establish a framework for cross-border trading and exchange of solar-generated
electricity, enabling efficient utilization of renewable energy resources on a global scale.
Provisions:
1. Global Electricity Trading Framework: Member and partner countries shall collaborate to
create a standardized framework for cross-border electricity trading, encompassing bilateral
agreements, pricing mechanisms, and technical interoperability.
2. Bidding and Purchase of Futures and Options on Electricity: Countries shall facilitate the
creation of futures and options markets for solar-generated electricity, enabling stakeholders
to hedge against price volatility and ensure long-term stability in energy markets.

RUSSIA
1. Private and Public solar sector integrations.
Even if Russia collaborates with ISA or produces its own solar energy for other countries, it has to reach every
nook and corner of the world eventually as every country is divided into numerous fragments in the form of
states, cities, towns, etc.

2. Cooperation with other countries regarding the establishment of solar energy.

International cooperation often involves sharing resources, funding and research. So, if Russia cooperates with
other countries who are in need of solar energy by producing so, it can be beneficial for itself as well as other
countries.

3. Renewable energy targets.

Set ambitious yet achievable targets for solar power generation, promoting a transition towards clean energy
sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.

4. Community Solar programs.

Establish community-based solar projects that allow multiple stakeholders to collectively invest in and benefit
from solar installations, promoting equitable access to renewable energy.

5. Energy storage incentives.

Offer incentives for the deployment of energy storage solutions, such as batteries to store excess solar energy for
use during peak demand or when the sun is not shining

SINGAPORE
SCALING OF SOLAR INVESTMENT TO BUILD CLIMATE-SAFE ECONOMY
1)Why solar energy is important In today's scenarios?
a) it's good for the environment
b) it's a reliable, cost-effective energy source
c) it's saving money in the long run
d) it creates jobs and spurs economic
growth
e) it promotes energy independence
2) Solar energy: Potential of India
India is endowed with vast solar energy Potential. About 5,000trillion kwh per year is incident over India's land
area with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh per sq.m per day

SPAIN
1)Financial Incentives: Introduce or expand incentives such as subsidies, tax credits, and grants to make solar
installations more financially appealing to individuals, businesses, and communities. This will highly reduce costs
and increase consumption at the same time.
2)Regulatory Support: Advocate for streamlined and consistent regulations that encourage solar adoption. This
includes simplified permitting processes, net metering policies, and fair pricing for excess energy fed back into
the grid.
3)Foster collaboration between government, industry, and research institutions to drive innovation and address
challenges collaboratively.
4)Training and Workforce Development: Invest in training programs to develop a skilled workforce capable of
installing and maintaining solar systems effectively.
5) International agreements - Some of the major problems in installation include lack of capacity, untrained labour
and lack of technology. Collaboration of Spain with developed countries like the UK USA Germany with
appropriate terms will help to increase the scale of installation and help in sustainable development for everyone.

SWEDEN
1) Monitoring and reporting mechanisms would enhance transparency and hold nations accountable for their
solar energy practices.
2) In cases of disagreement or conflict, international conflict resolution mechanisms would provide a structured
approach to address disputes.
3) Subsidies by the central government in general categories to the population for the installation of solar panels
is a propitious way of ensuring an increase in the usage of solar energy.
4) Maintaining solar panels in some countries can be a hassle due to the high cost of labour. Their large size also
requires a significant amount of labour for cleaning. However, the solution is simple: create an automatic cleaning
system utilizing technology.
5) One solution to this issue is to utilize advanced technology to create an automatic storm shield that can be
placed over solar panels. Another option is to implement open and closed solar panel sensors that can detect the
severity of a storm. When a storm is detected, the sensor can fold the panels for protection and then return them
to their original position once the storm has passed.

SWITZERLAND
(i) Encourages the idea of using solar mirrors with a centralized positioning instead of solar panels for
being even more cost-effective. In these, all the panels are positioned in a way, reflecting all the light to one
centralized tower which receives all the reflected rays and those get converted to heat energy. The temperature
of this heat could reach 1500 degrees C. If this idea is implemented in industries and factories, this heat energy
would sufficiently fulfil all their burning and melting needs of them. Furthermore, if this heat energy is transferred
to rocks, according to a thesis, these rocks would get heated to an extent that they will start storing the heat
energy in them and, would not let this energy escape for weeks, hence, there would also not be the load of
building batteries for storage of such a huge amount of energy. Some of this heat energy could also be used for
separating Hydrogen (H) from water (H20), furthermore, this Hydrogen could be used for fueling industries like
the aviation/rocket industry, and for ignition purposes since Hydrogen is very combustible;
(ii)Further Encourages the running of initiatives for setting up off-grid solar panels with a major focus on
countries like Chile and, South Africa. Since the poverty rate in South African countries is very high, adoption
of expensive on-grid solar systems is quite difficult over there, but on the other hand, these countries receive the
most solar radiation in the world. Hence, if solar off-grids are implemented in such countries, the total output will
according to an estimate be powering homes many times what is in Europe. The off-grid systems will run
efficiently here with less degradation of their quality since, these countries very often remain hot and, sunny
during daytime, hence, there will be less cloud shade which further states that more solar radiation and hence,
more PV generating capacity. The energy received is directly transferred to the electricity network if not in use in
these off-grid systems, hence, reducing the demand for fossil fuels;
(iii) Reaffirms that the countries of North and South Africa which annually receive the most solar radiation
as compared to other countries, hence, the proper and efficient establishment of solar off grids in the rural
areas of Northern and Southern Africa if funded properly, would help the unemployed people of the specified
country (as the poverty rate in these countries is much more than others, hence, unemployment is also very vast
in these) would encounter a job uprise in the specified countries and hence, there would be an employment
increase in the countries as, the establishment would require several types of labour in the form of engineers and
architects, and if, the people will start getting employed, they will start contributing better than earlier and, would
contribute to the national income of the country. This would eventually help the country increase its financial
capacity;
(iv) Endorses the fact that, so as to set and properly establish solar incentives, the UN rather than
collaborating with big organizations, could collaborate with smaller non-profit ones. This is so, as, according to
the ITC (Investment Tax Credit), smaller non-profit organizations would get a 30% or higher federal tax credit.
The UN can also provide them with a small fragment of its shares which may lead them to have a financial ease
of about 70-80% which may even include an additional 10% profit for the qualifying ones;

(v) Deplores that the excess carbon and CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) emissions have been raising the extreme
issue of the decrease in radiational cooling and, global warming which had resulted in the severe heatwave
propagation during the months of April-July 2023 at varying prominent as well as non-prominent places all
across, The excess greenhouse gas emissions through the vehicle mechanisms of several automobiles as well
as public vehicle operates like trains. So as to have a global resolution to this, Switzerland’s engineers have
come up with the idea of the Swiss Solar Carpet for the operations of railways and its networking systems. The
Swiss solar carpet is somewhat like a normal carpet that can be rolled out with specified train operations and
have a piston system for setting up. This idea has already been implemented in various places in Switzerland
and according to an estimate, these panels have the capacity of generating 860000 KWH/year. Some of this
generated energy would be stored in the batteries of the panels of the carpet for the operation of trains at nightfall
or during the time periods of shade or less sunlight. The rest of it would be sent to power-generating plants and
industries through the rail electricity networking system. If implemented on all of the rail lines of Switzerland, it
might be able to produce 1 TW of power.

USA
1. Lpo policy
Loans are to be given at lower rate to the people for buying solar panel as it is pretty expensive
2. The Uyghur forced labour prevention act
We should not take solar energy from countries that are breaking the humanitarian rights of labourers like the
USA has done so against China.
3. modernization of net metering
We need to modernise the net metering system by decreasing the tariffs imposed on households this will attract
more and more people to be able to participate in it as seen in the USA.
4. Deserted areas solar panel system
The delegate of us would like to bring up a new system I.e we urge countries which have deserts to put more and
more solar panel in them and utilize them and share it with other countries this should be a neutral area and not
owned by anyone country