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Assig 5 2023

The document discusses simulating and measuring a CO2 molecular absorption transition centered at 1572nm using laser spectroscopy. It involves calculating absorption coefficients for different laser detunings and gas cell lengths. It also involves designing an optical cavity to enhance absorption sensitivity, including calculating signal levels and determining optimal cavity parameters like finesse and length to measure the full absorption profile while accounting for noise.

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Baochen Tian
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26 views1 page

Assig 5 2023

The document discusses simulating and measuring a CO2 molecular absorption transition centered at 1572nm using laser spectroscopy. It involves calculating absorption coefficients for different laser detunings and gas cell lengths. It also involves designing an optical cavity to enhance absorption sensitivity, including calculating signal levels and determining optimal cavity parameters like finesse and length to measure the full absorption profile while accounting for noise.

Uploaded by

Baochen Tian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Photonics Sensing Systems

ASSIGNMENT-5
Absorption Spectroscopy
1. Consider a spectroscopic measurement system that uses a laser to determine optical
absorption as a function of optical wavelength. The molecular absorption transition is a CO2
transition, broadened into a Gaussian spectral profile with a peak absorption coefficient of 10-5 cm-1.
The transition is centered at 1572nm and has a spectral FWHM of 1 GHz in optical frequency.

a) Simulate the transition using a computational package of your choice, plotting the absorption
coefficient as a function of optical frequency relative to the central wavelength of the transition.
(4 marks)

b) We attempt to measure the absorption using a laser at exactly 1572nm. Assume the laser
linewidth is infinitesimal. Using a direct transmission readout, what is the change in optical
power as a fraction of the input power when the beam is transmitted through a 10 cm gas cell of
CO2? (3 marks)

c) Suppose the laser frequency is detuned from the peak absorption wavelength, what happens to
the change in optical power? (3 marks)

2. For the same molecular absorption transition described in Question 1, design an optical
cavity to enhance your absorption sensitivity. The laser is again centered at 1572 nm but is now
tunable by ± 5 GHz around its central wavelength and has an output power of 10 mW. A linear
photodetector at the cavity output converts 1mW to 1V. The photodetector has an electronic noise
floor of 10mV. The optical cavity must also fit onto a standard size optical table (2.4m x 1.2m). Your
mirrors have identical reflectivity’s, r, and can range up to 99.99% reflective.

a) Calculate the signal corresponding to the maximum of the absorption profile. For this part only,
use a cavity finesse of 100 and cell length of 10 cm. Consider that the cavity resonance is at the
exact same wavelength as the maximum of the absorption profile and the laser is exactly on
resonance. (5 marks)

b) You are required to determine the linewidth of the absorption profile which requires at least 6
measurements within the FWHM of the absorption transition. Given this constraint, determine
an appropriate cavity length for the system and determine the absorption coefficient at each of
the cavity resonance frequencies. (3 marks)

c) Laser frequency noise (LFN) causes a voltage noise on the detector which we can heuristically
model using the function V_LFN = F/200 mV, where F is the cavity finesse. Explain why voltage
noise would occur from this system due to laser frequency noise and why it is finesse dependent
(2 marks)

d) Determine the optimal cavity finesse to be able to measure the absorption at all resonances
described in 2b) and given the photodetector and LFN voltage noise sources. (6 marks)

e) Are there any methods to allow for a single cavity resonance to be used to obtain the full
absorption transition spectrum? How might this be implemented in a physical system? Explain.
(4 marks)
Due by 11:59 on Sunday, 25th Oct 2023
(30 marks)

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