DATA ANAYSIS WITH PYTHON

DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON

EARTHQUAKE

A PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED BY:
HARSH CN, NANDISA DAS, PRERNA M SHIRUR, KS NIDHI

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BTECH [hons]

in
BRANCH OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
 DECLARATION

Nandisa das (1RVU23CSE301) and KS Nidhi(1RVU23CSE207),Prerana M

Shirur(1RVU23CSE354), Harsh CN(1RVU23CSE183) students of seventh
semester B. Tech in Computer Science & Engineering, at School of Computer
Science and Engineering, RV University, at this moment, declare that the project
work titled “Earthquake in India'' has been carried out by us and submitted in
partial fulfillment for the award of degree in Bachelor of Technology in
Computer Science & Engineering during the academic year 2023-2024. Further,
the matter presented in the project has not been submitted previously by anybody
for the award of any degree or diploma to any other University, to the best of our
knowledge and faith.
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work titled “EARTHQUAKE'' is performed by

Nandisa Das (1RVU23CSE301) and KS Nidhi (1RVU23CSE207), Prerana M
Shirur (1RVU23CSE354) ,Harsh CN (1RVU23CSE183) a bonafide student of
Bachelor of Technology at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, RV
university, Bengaluru in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree Bachelor of
Technology in Computer Science & Engineering, during the Academic year 2023-
2024.

Guide :

Dr. Mydhili Dr. Sanjay R. Prof. Shobana

Nair Chitnis Padhmanabhan
Head of the Department Dean Professor
SOCSE SOCSE SOCSE
RV University RV University RV University

Asst Prof. Achala

Hedge
Assistant Professor
SOCSE
RV University
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a great pleasure for us to acknowledge the assistance and support of a
large number of individuals who have been responsible for the successful
completion of this project work.
First, we take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to the School
of Computer Science and Engineering, RV University, for providing us with a
great opportunity to pursue our Bachelor’s Degree in this institution.
In particular, we would like to thank Dr. Sanjay R. Chitnis, Dean, School of
Computer Science and Engineering, RV University, for his constant
encouragement and expert advice.
It is a matter of immense pleasure to express our sincere thanks to
Dr.Mydhili Nair, Head of the Department, of Computer Science & Engineering
University, for providing the right academic guidance that made our task possible
We are also grateful to our family and friends who provided us with every
requirement throughout the course.
We would like to thank one and all who directly or indirectly helped us in
completing the Project work successfully.
Date: 26/12/2023

Members:

1. NANDISA DAS (1RVU23CSE301)

2. KS NIDHI (1RVU23CSE207)

3. PRERNA M SHIRUR (1RVU23CSE345)

4. HARSH CN (1RVU23CSE183)

Place: RV University

BTECH [hons] I s
 CONTENTS

● Description of the dataset

● Problem statement
● Inferences
● Recommendations
Description of the dataset:
An earthquake dataset typically includes information on seismic events recorded
over a specific period. Here's a breakdown of the key parameters:

Origin Time: Indicates the time at which the earthquake took place, along with
date and time in IST
Location: Indicates the geographical area where the earthquake occurred. This
may include details like the country, region, or specific coordinates.
Latitude and Longitude: Provide the precise geographical coordinates of the
earthquake's epicenter. Latitude specifies the north-south position, while longitude
denotes the east-west position.
Depth: Represents the depth at which the earthquake's hypocenter (point of origin
within the Earth) is located below the Earth's surface. It is measured in kilometers.
Magnitude: A quantitative measure of the energy released during an earthquake.
Magnitude values are typically reported on the Richter scale or moment magnitude
scale. Higher magnitude values indicate more powerful earthquakes.

Each entry in the dataset would contain this information for a specific earthquake
event, allowing researchers and analysts to study patterns, trends, and correlations
in seismic activity over time. This data is valuable for earthquake risk assessment,
early warning system development, and scientific research in the field of
seismology.
Problem Statement:

In India, despite advancements in seismic research, the effectiveness of

earthquake preparedness and risk mitigation strategies remains a concern. Our
dataset analysis aims to leverage insights into seismic patterns, magnitude
distributions, and geographic correlations to enhance the precision of
earthquake risk assessments and inform targeted measures for resilient
infrastructure development and public safety education.
 Inferences:

1. 3d Scatter plot showing depth of earthquake based on latitude and longitude

Inferences:

Most of the earthquakes occurred at lower depths (purple points), which suggests
that they are related to plate boundaries where tectonic plates interact and create
seismic activity.
Some of the earthquakes occurred at higher depths (yellow points), which indicates
that they are associated with intraplate earthquakes where stresses build up within
a plate and cause it to fracture.
 2.Violin plot showing Distribution of Magnitude of Earthquake.

Inferences:

The wider section around the 4th magnitude in the violin plot suggests a higher
density of earthquakes at this magnitude, indicating a common and significant
seismic activity level in the dataset.
As the magnitude increases beyond 4, the width of the violin gradually decreases,
implying a decline in the frequency of earthquakes with larger magnitudes in the
dataset.
 3. 3d scatter plot showing Magnitude of the earthquake based on Latitude,
Longitude

Inferences:

The graph shows that the majority of earthquakes had low to moderate
magnitudes, indicated by the purple and blue dots. There were only a few high
magnitude earthquakes, indicated by the yellow dots. The graph also shows that
the highest magnitude earthquakes were concentrated in a smaller area within
the larger cluster of earthquakes, which could suggest a hotspot of seismic
activity or a rupture zone.
4.Distribution of Earthquake magnitude with depth

The observation that deeper earthquake depths predominantly align with

magnitudes ranging from 4.0 to 5.0 suggests a consistent seismic behavior in
the dataset. This specific depth-magnitude association may indicate a
characteristic seismic activity pattern in the studied region, emphasizing the
potential for moderate-intensity earthquakes at greater depths. Further
exploration and consideration of geological factors in these deeper seismic
events could enhance understanding and contribute to seismic risk assessment
in the area.
 5. Identify high-risk zones based on Depth of earthquake

Inferences:

The graph shows that most of the earthquakes occurred in India and its neighboring
countries, such as Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Iran. The graph also shows that
some locations had more earthquakes than others, such as Manipur, Andaman and
Nicobar Island, Ladakh, and Afghanistan, which could indicate higher seismic
activity or vulnerability in those regions.
6.To understand the locations which receive maximum magnitude or even
minimum magnitudes of earthquake density

Inferences:

The graph shows the magnitude of various earthquakes that occurred at different
locations. The magnitudes range from 2 to 7, with most earthquakes having
magnitudes between 4 and 5. The graph also shows that there is no clear pattern or
correlation between the location and the magnitude of the earthquakes, as some
locations had earthquakes of both high and low magnitudes, while others had
earthquakes only of one magnitude range.
Earthquake Location: The graph shows that the earthquakes occurred in various
locations, mostly in India and its neighboring countries, such as Afghanistan,
Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, and Bhutan. The graph also shows that some locations had
more earthquakes than others, such as Manipur, Andaman and Nicobar Island,
Ladakh, and Afghanistan, which could indicate higher seismic activity or
vulnerability in those regions..
 7. A Scatter Plot showing Latitude, Longitude vs Origin Time of
earthquake.

Inferences:

Temporal Latitude Trends: The scatter plot of latitude against time reveals
temporal trends, showcasing how earthquake occurrences vary with time.
Identifiable patterns in latitude may suggest seasonal or temporal influences on
seismic activity in specific geographic regions.
Longitude Dynamics Over Time: The scatter plot of longitude against time
highlights the temporal dynamics of earthquake occurrences in different
longitudinal zones. Patterns in longitude can provide insights into the movement
and evolution of seismic activity over time, potentially indicating shifts in tectonic
processes.
 8. Scatter plot comparing Magnitude of the earthquake vs Latitude vs
Longitude vs Time of Origin. It has 16 plots in total showing variation
between latitude and longitude , latitude and Origin of Time and etc.

There are 6 inferences which we can draw to understand this graph

Inferences:

Magnitude vs Latitude: The scatter plot illustrates a trend showing

[positive/negative/neutral] correlation between earthquake magnitudes and
latitudes. [Describe any clusters or patterns, if present.] This suggests a potential
[association/impact] between the magnitude of earthquakes and their geographical
latitude.

Magnitude vs Longitude: Examining the scatter plot reveals a trend of

[positive/negative/neutral] correlation between earthquake magnitudes and
longitudes. [Describe any clusters or patterns, if present.] This implies a potential
[association/impact] between the magnitude of earthquakes and their geographical
longitude.
Magnitude vs Origin Time: The scatter plot depicts the relationship between
earthquake magnitudes and their origin times, showing [positive/negative/neutral]
correlation. [Describe any clusters or patterns, if present.] This indicates a potential
[association/impact] between the magnitude of earthquakes and the time at which
they originated.
Latitude vs Longitude: Analyzing the scatter plot reveals the spatial distribution
of earthquake epicenters across latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates. [Describe
any clusters or patterns, if present.] This provides insights into the geographical
[preferences/characteristics] of seismic events.
Latitude vs Origin Time: The scatter plot demonstrates the relationship between
earthquake epicenters and their origin times across latitudes. [Describe any clusters
or patterns, if present.] This sheds light on how seismic activity varies temporally
based on geographical location.

Longitude vs Origin Time: Examining the scatter plot reveals the temporal
dynamics of earthquake occurrences across different longitudinal zones. [Describe
any clusters or patterns, if present.] This provides insights into the time-dependent
[characteristics/distribution] of seismic events along different longitudes.
RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the inferences from your earthquake dataset analysis, here are some
recommendations:

Geographic Risk Assessment:

Conduct a detailed risk assessment in regions identified as seismic hotspots or

areas with consistent earthquake activity. This can inform emergency preparedness
plans, building codes, and infrastructure resilience strategies.

Tectonic Activity Studies:

Further investigate regions showing localized depth variations and proximity to

tectonic plate boundaries. In-depth studies of tectonic processes in these areas can
enhance understanding and contribute to predictive models for seismic events.
Magnitude Monitoring and Early Warning Systems:

Implement or enhance earthquake monitoring systems, especially in areas where

higher magnitudes are evident. Early warning systems can provide valuable
seconds to minutes of lead time for individuals and communities to take protective
measures.
Data Quality Review:

Thoroughly review data quality and filtering criteria, particularly concerning the
consistent magnitude of 4 across locations. Ensure that the dataset accurately
represents the full range of seismic events to avoid biases in analysis and decision-
making.

Temporal Trends Utilization:

Leverage insights from temporal latitude trends and longitude dynamics over time
to enhance short-term and long-term earthquake prediction models. Consider
seasonal influences and changes in tectonic activity patterns.
Collaboration and Information Sharing:

Collaborate with regional and international seismic monitoring organizations to

share findings and contribute to a broader understanding of earthquake dynamics.
This collaboration can lead to more robust models and improved disaster response
strategies.
Community Education and Preparedness:

Develop and implement community education programs on earthquake

preparedness, particularly in regions with identified seismic risk. Empower
residents with information on safety measures, evacuation plans, and building
resilience.
Further Investigation of Anomalies:

Investigate anomalies, such as the wider section around the 4th magnitude in the
violin plot. Determine if these anomalies are indicative of specific geological
features or if they require further exploration and study.
Continuous Monitoring:
Establish or enhance continuous monitoring efforts, considering both magnitude
and geographic coordinates. Regular updates to seismic databases will enable
ongoing analysis and the identification of emerging patterns or shifts in earthquake
behavior.

Interdisciplinary Research:

Encourage interdisciplinary research involving geologists, seismologists, and data

scientists to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships
between earthquake magnitudes, geographic locations, and temporal dynamics.
Remember to adapt these recommendations based on the specific context of your
dataset, the regions studied, and the available resources for implementation.
Collaborating with experts in the field and staying updated on advancements in
seismic research can also contribute to effective earthquake risk mitigation
strategies.
Thank You Letter

Dear Sobhana Madam, Achala madam,

We would like to express our sincere gratitude for your exceptional guidance and
support throughout this academic term. Your dedication to fostering a positive and
enriching learning environment has significantly contributed to our academic
growth.
Your expertise and commitment to excellence have made a lasting impact on outr
educational experience. Thank you for your invaluable support and for making a
difference in our academic journey.
With appreciation,
1. NANDISA DAS (1RVU23CSE301)

2. KS NIDHI (1RVU23CSE207)

3. PRERNA M SHIRUR (1RVU23CSE345)

4. HARSH CN (1RVU23CSE183)