Specific Objective:

a) Develop a Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot that has a soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus

and Potassium (NPK) tester capable of determining the NPK ratio composition

of the soil.

Hypothesis:

H0 - There are no changes in soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)

levels after applying fertilizers in the soil.

H1 - There are significant changes in the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and

potassium (NPK) levels after applying fertilizers in the soil.

b) Evaluate the effectiveness of the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot by conducting a

comparative analysis between controlled and uncontrolled groups of tomato

plants (Solanum lycopersicum) measuring its growth rate (De Asis, 2019).

Hypothesis:

H0 - There is no significant difference in the growth rate of tomato plants

(Solanum lycopersicum) between the controlled group treated with the Smart

Fertilizer Sprayer Bot and the uncontrolled group without any intervention.

H1 - There is a significant difference in the growth rate of tomato plants

(Solanum lycopersicum) between the controlled group treated with the Smart

Fertilizer Sprayer Bot and the uncontrolled group without any intervention.

c) Assess the performance of the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot through a

comparative analysis between groups of controlled and uncontrolled tomato

plants (Solanum lycopersicum), with a focus on measuring their respective

yields (Conde, 2021).

Hypothesis:
 H0 - There is no statistically significant difference in the yield of tomato plants

(Solanum lycopersicum) between the controlled group treated with the Smart

Fertilizer Sprayer Bot and the uncontrolled group without any intervention.

H1 - A statistically significant difference exists in the yield

omato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) between the controlled group treated with the

Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot and the uncontrolled group without any intervention.

d) Analyze the cost-effectiveness of implementing the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot

by assessing the potential reduction in fertilizer use and associated expenses.

Hypothesis:

H0 - The implementation of the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot does not result in

a significant reduction in fertilizer use and associated expenses.

H1 - The implementation of the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot leads to a

significant reduction in fertilizer use and associated expenses.

e) Collect the results of NPK sensors in different vegetation stages of tomato plant

(Solanum lycopersicum) and the amount of fertilizer and water usage in each

application for data collection and analysis of the study.

NPK testing for determining the NPK ratio composition of the soil

In this study, a Repeated Measures Design will be employed to investigate

the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) sensor capability in reading NPK

soil content before and after fertilizer application. The researcher will select 5 distinct

soil locations to experiment. Each location will undergo a systematic procedure: the

soil sensor will initialize for 15 seconds, followed by conducting 10 consecutive NPK

tests to establish baseline readings. Subsequently, liquid fertilizer will be sprayed on

the soil at each location, and after an hour, the NPK levels will be tested again. This

process will be repeated across all 5 locations. The Repeated Measures Design is

useful in this scenario which enables the comparison of pre- and post-fertilizer

application NPK levels within the same locations, allowing for an assessment of the

ability of the NPK sensor to test for the changes in the soil NPK content after fertilizer

application.

Data Collection

The data that will be collected in this experiment are the nitrogen,

phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) results that have been recorded before and after

the fertilizer application. The researcher will also collect the amount of fertilizers

delivered in each location since it may be used to identify the changes in NPK

readings proportional to the fertilizer applied.

Location 1 of NPK Soil Sensor Testing

NPK Ratio of Fertilizer Applied:

Before Fertilizer Application After Fertilizer Application

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Trial 4

Trial 5

Trial 6

Trial 7

Trial 8

Trial 9

Trial 10

Statistical Treatment

The t-test is a hypothesis test used to determine if there is a significant

difference between the means of two groups. It's useful when comparing two sets of

data to assess if there's evidence to reject the null hypothesis. This statistical

treatment is useful in experimental design which can help to identify if the NPK

sensor is capable of reading changes after changing the variable which is the soil.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the smart fertilizer sprayer bot by conducting a
comparative analysis between controlled and uncontrolled groups of Solanum
Lycopersicum (tomato) by measuring its growth rate
In this experiment, the proponents will have two groups of same variants of

Solanum Lycopersicum (tomato plant), one for the controlled group which will be

taken care of by the Smart Sprayer fertilizer bot and one for the uncontrolled group

which will be taken care of using traditional way of fertilization. The proponent will

measure and record the height of each plant every 5 days. The duration of recording

of the height will last for 40 days. The proponent will also measure the

Data Collection

The data that will be collected are the height of each tomato plant after 40 days of

experiment in the controlled group and uncontrolled group and also the average

leaves length and width in each tomato after the first flowering of the controlled and

uncontrolled group.

Table 2

Controlled and Uncontrolled Group Height Measurement after 40 days of

Experiment

Controlled Group Uncontrolled Group

Tomato Plant Height (cm) Tomato Plant Height (cm)

Tomato Plant 1 Tomato Plant 1

Tomato Plant 2 Tomato Plant 2

Tomato Plant 3 Tomato Plant 3

Tomato Plant 4 Tomato Plant 4

Controlled and Uncontrolled Average Leaves Length and Width Measurement

after Flowering

Controlled Group Uncontrolled Group

Tomato Average Average Tomato Average Average

Plant leaves leaves Plant leaves leaves

Length Width (cm) Length Width (cm)

(cm) (cm)

Tomato Tomato

Plant 1 Plant 1

Tomato Tomato

Plant 2 Plant 2

Tomato Tomato

Plant 3 Plant 3

Tomato Tomato

Plant 4 Plant 4

Statistical Treatment

Comparative analysis shall be utilized in evaluating the efficacy of Smart Sprayer Bot

in improving the height growth of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). By specifically

employing a T-test, the researchers can detect even the slightest change of values

using effective statistics during this 40-day period of observation. Routinely, the

subjects will be separated into two groups, the controlled one being in care of the
Smart Sprayer while the other enjoys the conventional farming method. The

effectiveness of this experiment will depend solely on the resulting height difference

between the controlled and uncontrolled group.

Assess the performance of the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot through a

comparative analysis between groups of controlled and uncontrolled Solanum

Lycopersicum (tomato), with a focus on measuring their respective yields.

The comparative analysis aims to measure and evaluate the performance of

the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot between the groups of controlled and uncontrolled

Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato plant) in terms of yield or the number of fruits—

within the tomato plant in farmers practice (Conde & De Asis, 2021).

For this experiment, the researcher will have two groups of plants, which are

the controlled and uncontrolled tomato plants. The yield of each group will be

observed in terms of the fruit number of each plant after 40 days. This practice will

serve as the basis for measuring the performance of the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot

in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato plant) farming. The control group is the set of

tomato plants

that will be taken care of by the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot using sensors for

testing and actuators for fertigation method of irrigation and fertilization.

Data Collection

The data that will be collected are the number of fruits that each Solanum

lycopersicum (tomato plant) will produce after the 40 days of experiment. The table

will be composed of number of fruits produce by each of the controlled and

uncontrolled group and the recording of fruits will be started from the day of the first

fruit appeared in any of the Solanum lycopersicum (tomato plant) until day 40 of the
experiment.

Table 4

Controlled Group of Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato Plant)

Days of Controlled Group

Experiment Tomato Plant 1 Tomato Plant 2 Tomato Plant 3 Tomato Plant 4

Day 35

Day 36

Day 37

Day 38

Day 39

Day 40

Table 5

Uncontrolled Group of Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato Plant)

Days of Uncontrolled Group

Experiment Tomato Plant 1 Tomato Plant 2 Tomato Plant 3 Tomato Plant 4

Day 35

Day 36

Day 37

Day 38

Day 39

Day 40
Statistical treatment

Comparative analysis will be use in assessing the performance of the Smart

Fertilizer Sprayer Bot on tomato plant yield, a T-test statistical tool will be utilized to

compare the fruit yields between two groups: the controlled group treated with the

Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot and the uncontrolled group using traditional fertilization

methods. The objective is to determine whether there’s a statistically significant

difference in the number of fruits produced by Solanum lycopersicum (tomato plants)

between these two groups after a 55-day observation period. The controlled group

will receive care from the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot, employing sensors for testing

and actuators for precise fertigation (irrigation and fertilization). The uncontrolled

group, following traditional fertilization practices, will serve as a benchmark for

comparison. The number of fruits produced by each tomato plant will serve as the

primary metric for evaluating the performance of the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot. By

employing the T-test statistical analysis, this research aims to provide a rigorous

comparison of fruit yield between the controlled and uncontrolled groups to

determine the efficacy of the Smart Fertilizer Sprayer Bot in enhancing tomato plant

yield.

Collect the results of NPK sensors in different vegetation stages of Solanum

lycopersicum (tomato plants) and the amount of fertilizer and water usage in

each application for data collection and analysis of the study.

There are five multiple stages of tomato plant growth. Five distinct stages

identified as seedling, vegetative, flowering, fruit development, and ripening stages.

collect Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) from the start of transplanting

until the 40 days of experiment. It will also collect the data of how much fertilizer NPK

content and water is consumed by tomato inside that timeframe. During the flowering

stage, the researcher will record the time when the flower starts to show in each

plant and how many days it will take time to mature into fruits. The researcher will

also take some picture of tomato from flowering stage until fruit development and

ripening from time to time. The researcher will also collect the sizes and color of

each tomato fruit.

Data collection

The data will be collected in the controlled are the NPK sensor results, and

amount of fertilizer applied in each vegetation stage of the controlled group. The time

which tomato takes until it reaches each vegetation stages will be manually

observed. Both controlled and uncontrolled will be manually observe also to record

the fruits sizes, fruit color, and its images.

Table 6

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) Sensor Results

Date of Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Plant 4

Testing

N P K N P K N P K N P K
 Table 7

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) Applied to Controlled Group in

Each Vegetation Stages

Date of Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Plant 4

Application

Vegetative N P K N P K N P K N P K

Stage

First N P K N P K N P K N P K

Flowering

First Fruit N P K N P K N P K N P K

Set
 Fruit Growth N P K N P K N P K N P K

Table 8

Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato Plant) Fruit Size and Color in Controlled

Group

Fruit Number Fruit Size Fruit Color Fruit Image

Fruit 1

Fruit 2

Fruit 3

Fruit 4

Table 9

Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato Plant) Fruit Size and Color in Uncontrolled

Group

Fruit Number Fruit Size Fruit Color Fruit Image

Fruit 1

Fruit 2

Fruit 3

Fruit 4