LIMITS

DERIVATIVES

TOPICS:
TABLE OF VALUES
DIRECT SUBSTITUTION
FACTOR – OUT
RATIONALIZING

METHODS:
Use a table to estimate the limit numerically.
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 6
lim
𝑥→−3 𝑥+3

- 3.1 - 3.01 - 3.001 -3 - 2.999 - 2.99 - 2.9

- 5.1 - 5.01 -5 -5 -5 - 4.99 - 4.9

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: −5

EXAMPLE:
Use a table to estimate the limit numerically.
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 6
lim −
𝑥→−3 𝑥+3

- 3.1 - 3.01 - 3.001 -3

- 5.1 - 5.01 -5 -5

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: −5

EXAMPLE:
Use a table to estimate the limit numerically.
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 6
lim +
𝑥→−3 𝑥+3

-3 - 2.999 - 2.99 - 2.9

-5 -5 - 4.99 - 4.9

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: −5

EXAMPLE:
Find the limits.
𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 (2)3 −2 2 2 + 3(2) − 4
lim 3 2
=
𝑥→2 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 1 4(2)3 − 3 2 2 + 2(2) − 1
8−8+6−4
=
32 − 12 + 4 − 1
2
=
23

EXAMPLE:
Find the limits.
2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 16 2(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8)
lim =
𝑥→4 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12
2(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4)
=
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4)
2(𝑥 − 2)
=
𝑥+3
2(4 − 2) 4
= =
4+3 7

EXAMPLE:
Find the limits.
𝑥2 + 9 − 3 𝑥2 + 9 − 3 𝑥2 + 9 + 3
lim = 2
∙
𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥2 + 9 + 3
( 𝑥 2 + 9)2 − (3)2 𝑥2 + 9 − 9
= =
(𝑥 2 )( 𝑥 2 + 9 + 3) (𝑥 2 )( 𝑥 2 + 9 + 3)
𝑥2 1
= =
(𝑥 2 )( 𝑥2 + 9 + 3) 𝑥2 + 9 + 3
1 1 1
= = =
2
(0) +9 + 3 3+3 6

EXAMPLE:
Find the derivative of the polynomial function using Product Rule.
5
2
𝑓(𝑥) = (−7𝑥 4 + 10 𝑥 2 + 8)(𝑥 2 + 10) 𝑢= −7𝑥 4 + 10𝑥 5 + 8 , 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 + 10

4
2 𝑑𝑦 2 2
𝑑𝑦 4
2
= −7𝑥 + 10𝑥 5 +8 𝑥 + 10 + 𝑥 + 10 −7𝑥 + 10𝑥 5 + 8
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 3
4 2 3 −
= −7𝑥 + 10𝑥 5 + 8 2𝑥 + 𝑥 + 10 −28𝑥 + 4𝑥 5

7 7 3
−
= −14𝑥 5 + 20𝑥 5 + 16𝑥 − 28𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 5 − 280𝑥 3 + 40𝑥 5
7 3
5 3+ −
= −42𝑥 − 280𝑥 16𝑥 + 24𝑥 5 + 40𝑥 5
5 3
7 40
= −42𝑥 − 280𝑥 + 16𝑥 + 24𝑥 5 + 3
𝑥5

EXAMPLE: 𝑑
𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢
𝑑 𝑑
𝑣 + 𝑣 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Find the derivative of the polynomial function using Quotient Rule.
𝑥3 3
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑢 = 𝑥 ,𝑣 = 𝑥2 +1
𝑥+1
1 −1
1 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 1 1 𝑥 2
𝑥2 +1 𝑥 − 𝑥3 𝑥2 + 1 𝑥2 +1 3𝑥 2
− 𝑥 3 2
= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
1 2 2
1
𝑥2 +1 𝑥2 +1
5
5
1 5 5 5 6𝑥 2 5𝑥 2 5
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥2
2 3𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 2 2
+
2 6𝑥 +2
5𝑥 2
= = = = 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1
𝑥2 +1 𝑥2 +1 𝑥2 +1 2 𝑥2 +1
1
𝑑 𝑑
𝑣 𝑢 − 𝑢 (𝑣)
EXAMPLE: 𝑑 𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2
LONG QUIZ # 1