Name: __________________________________ Science Teacher: ___________________________

Grade & Section: __________________________ Date Submitted: ____________________________

8
MELCs: Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the transfer of energy a. Describe the flow of energy in an ecosystem
through the trophic levels through food chain and food web
2. Analyze the roles of organisms in the b. Identify the role of bacteria in the cycling of
cycling of materials. some important elements or substances

A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one
organism eats another.
Plants, some kinds of bacteria, and algae are capable of converting energy from the Sun into chemical
energy and store it as chemical energy known as food. These organisms are called Producers. The process
is called Photosynthesis; it uses water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight.
Most plants make much more food each day than they need. Plants may convert excess glucose into
starch. Starch may then be stored in other parts of the plants such as roots and fruits.
The stored energy is transferred to other organisms for their survival. When people and other
organisms eat plants, chemical energy from food substances is transferred to their bodies. Energy moves from
one trophic level to another. This means that energy flows from one organism to another in the ecosystem.
Organisms that consume food for their energy supply are called Consumers.
Food Chain. Digital image. Besides the producers and the consumers, food chain shows the decomposers consisting of bacteria
pininterest.ph. and fungi. Decomposers act on dead organisms and change these to simple nutrients which plants can use
https://i.pinimg.com/564x again. Examples are fungi and bacteria.
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Each living thing in an ecosystem is part of multiple food chains. Each food chain is one possible
path that energy and nutrients may take as they move through the ecosystem. All of the interconnected
and overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a food web.
In a food web, one kind of food may be eaten by several consumers or several foods may be eaten
by one consumer.

2
When organisms eat, they take in matter as well as energy into
their bodies. For example, when you eat chicken, the flesh of the chicken
containing nutrients and energy enters your body. You use the nutrients
and energy to build muscles and other parts of your body and to
perform various activities.
The transfer of matter expressed as biomass and energy in food
from one trophic level to another are not one hundred percent used.
Biomass is the total mass of organisms in a food chain or a food web.
Not all plants or animals at one level are eaten by organisms at the next
level. Some parts of plants or animals are not edible, for example, wood,
peel of some fruits, some seeds, shells, and bones. In addition, much of
the energy is lost as heat. Only about 10% of biomass and energy are
transferred to the next level. This relationship between producers and
consumers can be demonstrated through a biomass pyramid and an
energy pyramid.
What do these pyramids demonstrate? A large number of
producers at the base of the pyramid will be needed to support only a
few of the consumers at the top. The largest amount of biomass and
energy are at the base of the pyramid. A decrease or loss occurs at each
succeeding level.
In an energy pyramid the base of the pyramid is reduced and
only 10% moves to the next level. This loss goes on at every level until
only 0.01% reaches the top consumers
The idealized pyramids of biomass and energy show
losses at each trophic level.
 Learning Task 1:
Direction: Rearrange the components in correct sequence to create a food chain. Use an extra sheet
of paper.
1. grass grasshopper sun snake
fungi eagle

2. mouse bacteria snake corn alligator sun

3. chicken sun worm bacteria rice plant human

4. fungi butterfly sun sunflower snake frog

Learning Task 2:
Direction: Match the term on the left side with its definition on the right side. Use an extra
sheet of paper
FOOD CHAIN All of the interconnected and overlapping food chains in an ecosystem

FOOD WEB Linear sequence of nutrients and energy transfer in an ecosystem

BIOMASS Organisms that consume dead plants and animals (ex: bacteria)

DECOMPOSERS Demonstrates the transfer and loss of energy in the next trophic level

ENERGY PYRAMID The total mass of organisms in a food chain or a food web

Self-Assessment Task:
I. Direction: Identify if the statement is TRUE or FALSE. II. Using the figure, answer the questions.
1. Energy pyramid shows that only about 10% of energy are
transferred to the next trophic level.
2. Examples of consumers are fungi and bacteria.
3. Food chain is an interconnecting food web.
4. Plants, some kinds of bacteria, and algae are capable of
converting energy from the Sun into chemical energy and 1. How much biomass of chicken can 500 kg of corn
store it as chemical energy known as food. support? _____________
5. All plants or animals at one level are eaten by organisms at 2. How much biomass of humans can the chickens
the next level. support? _____________

1. WHAT DID YOU ENJOY MOST ABOUT THE LESSON FOR THE WEEK? _______________
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2. WHAT DID YOU FIND CHALLENGING ABOUT THE LESSON? _______________________