 Quiz 1

Q.1 During solidification of pure iron (at constant pressure) change in heat capacity with
temperature is continuous at freezing temperature, but change in entropy is
discontinuous at freezing temperature.
 false
 true
Q.2 During second order phase transformation (at constant pressure) both change in
heat capacity and change in entropy with temperature are continuous at transition
point.
 false
 true
Q.3 Spinodal decompostion is a diffusionless phase transformation.
 false
 true
Q.4 Discontinuous precipitation involves long range diffusion.
 false
 true
Q.5 For a pure metal, solid has a higher enthalpy than liquid for all temperature.
 false
 true
Q.6 A-B is a binary alloy which follows regular solution model. If regular solution
parameter Ω is negative for this alloy, then spinodal decompotion is not possible for this
alloy at any temperature.
 false
 true
Q.7 At all possible conditions massive transformation is always accompanied by
precipitation process.
 false
 true
Q.8 During precipitation process the driving force for nucleation is always smaller for
metastable phases than the stable phase.
 false
 true
Q.9 In a peritectic system precipitation process is possible.
 false
 true
Q.10 γ-austenite can massively transform to α-ferrite in Fe-C system under certain
condition.
 false
 true
Q.11 25 gm gold (Au) and 15 gm silver (Ag) are mixed to form a single phase solid
solution. What is the molar entropy of mixing. Atomic weight of Au and Ag are 197 and
108 respectively. What is the molar entropy of mixing? Value of the universal gas
constant R=8.314 J mol-1 K-1
 13.75 J mol-1 K-1
 0.875 J mol-1 K-1
 10.35 J mol-1 K-1
 5.75 J mol-1 K-1
Q.12 Anatase to Rutile transformation is an example of ______________. Choose the
correct answer.
 Massive Transformation
 Peritectic Transformation
 Martensitic Transformaiton
 Polymorphic Transformation
Q.13 Gibbs free energy of a pure solid decreases with increasing temperature at a rate
given by:
 +S (S is entropy)
 -H (H is enthalpy)
 +H (H is enthalpy)
 -S (S is entropy)
Q.14 In a binary A-B system ε is defined as ε = ε AB -0.5(ε AA +ε BB ). ε is the difference
between A-B
bond energy and average of A-A and B-B bond energies. For ideal solution model the
value of ε is:
 <0
 0
 >0
Q.15 Entropy of mixing for mechanical mixture is
 <0
 0
 >0

Score: 15
 Quiz2
Q.1 The shape of coherent precipitate always dictated by volume misfit strain, if effect of
interfacial energy is negligible.
 false
 true
Q.2 There is no structural component (γst) in interfacial energy for coherent precipitates.
 false
 true
Q.3 Lath shape is a possible shape for partially coherent precipitate.
 false
 true
Q.4 Grain boundary precipitates are always coherent with one of the grain.
 false
 true
Q.5 Particle splitting in Ni-Al system occurs due to of compositional inhomogeneity.
 false
 true
Q.6 Elastic constants of precipitate and matrix phases are always same.
 false
 true
Q.7 With increase in size incoherent precipitate transforms into coherent precipitate.
 false
 true
Q.8 (100) surface of a FCC crystal has 3 broken bonds per surface atom.
 false
 true
Q.9 A vicinal surface is a low index plane.
 false
 true
Q.10 With decrease in temperature the cusps are blunted in a gamma plot.
 false
 true
Q.11
Typical energies of semicoherent interfaces are generally in the range
of ________________ J/m2 .

 0.1-20
 0.2-0.5
 200-500
 1-200
Q.12

In ___________________ interface (interphase interface) a series of edge

dislocations partially relax the misfit strain at the interface. Fill in the blank.

 Incoherent
 Complex Semicoherent
 Coherent
 Semicoherent
Q.13

Nishiyama-Wasserman orientation relationship can be found for

_________________ type of interface (interphase interface).

 Incoherent
 Complex Semicoherent
 Coherent
 Semicoherent
Q.14

The equilibrium shape of a precipitate in is ellipse. How many cusps are there in
the polar gamma plot for this system? Ignore the contribution of elastic strain
energy.

 2
 6
 0
 4
Q.15 The zone misfit in Al-Zn system is -3.5% (negative misfit). What is the shape of
GP zone?
 Plate Like
 Rod like
  Spherical
 Needle Like

 Score: 14
Quiz3

Q.1 During homogeneous nucleation of solids from a melt (solidification of pure metal)
the solid-liquid interfacial energy is always isotropic.
 false
 true
Q.2 The critical radius for nucleation during homogenous nucleation (during
solidification of pure metal) decreases with increase in undercooling.
 false
 true
Q.3 Both positive and negative misfit strain increases the energy barrier for nucleation
of a precipitate (solid state phase transformation).
 false
 true
Q.4 Mould wall can act as a preferential site for heterogeneous nucleation during
solidification of pure metal.
 false
 true
Q.5 Rate of homogeneous nucleation always increases with increase in undercooling.
 false
 true
Q.6 Stacking fault can be one of the preferential sites for heterogenous nucleation
during solid state phase transformation
 false
 true
Q.7 Precipitate free zones can form at dislocations.
 false
 true
Q.8 During solidification nucleating agents are added to the melt to obtain large grains.
 false
 true
Q.9 A good (effective) nucleating agent should have a low value of interfacial energy for
the interface with the product phase and a high value of interfacial energy for the
interface with the matrix phase.
 false
 true
Q.10 The interfacial energis of alpha-alpha and alpha-beta interfaces are gamma_1 and
gamma_2, respectively. The critical energy barrier for heterogeneous nucleation
(without strain energy) of beta phase at a alpha grain boundary is zero, if
gamma_1=gamma_2.
 false
 true
Q.11 Civilian transformation always involves long range diffusion.
 false
 true
Q.12 For incoherent interfaces the interface mobility M is very small.
 false
 true
Q.13 Gibbs-Thomson effect plays important role on the growth kinetics of faceted broad
faces of a plate like precipitate.
 false
 true
Q.14 During nucleation, below the critical radius the tiny particles are _______ and are
called _______. Fill in the blanks.
 unstable, embryos
 stable, embryos
 unstable, super-critical nuclei
 stable, super critical nuclei
Q.15 For heterogeneous nucleation in the grain interior, grain boundaries, grain edges
and grain corners, their critical energy barriers can be described as:
 Grain boundaries > Grain corners > Grain interior > Grain edges
 Grain corners > Grain boundaries> Grain edges > Grain interior
 Grain interior> Grain boundaries > Grain edges > Grain corners
 Grain boundaries > Grain edges > Grain corners > Grain interior

 Score: 13

 Quiz3
Q.1 During homogeneous nucleation of solids from a melt (solidification of pure metal)
the solid-liquid interfacial energy is always isotropic.
 false
 true
Q.2 The critical radius for nucleation during homogenous nucleation (during
solidification of pure metal) decreases with increase in undercooling.
 false
 true
Q.3 Both positive and negative misfit strain increases the energy barrier for nucleation
of a precipitate (solid state phase transformation).
 false
 true
Q.4 Mould wall can act as a preferential site for heterogeneous nucleation during
solidification of pure metal.
 false
 true
Q.5 Rate of homogeneous nucleation always increases with increase in undercooling.
 false
 true
Q.6 Stacking fault can be one of the preferential sites for heterogenous nucleation
during solid state phase transformation
 false
 true
Q.7 Precipitate free zones can form at dislocations.
 false
 true
Q.8 During solidification nucleating agents are added to the melt to obtain large grains.
 false
 true
Q.9 A good (effective) nucleating agent should have a low value of interfacial energy for
the interface with the product phase and a high value of interfacial energy for the
interface with the matrix phase.
 false
 true
Q.10 The interfacial energis of alpha-alpha and alpha-beta interfaces are gamma_1 and
gamma_2, respectively. The critical energy barrier for heterogeneous nucleation
(without strain energy) of beta phase at a alpha grain boundary is zero, if
gamma_1=gamma_2.
 false
 true
Q.11 Civilian transformation always involves long range diffusion.
 false
 true
Q.12 For incoherent interfaces the interface mobility M is very small.
 false
 true
Q.13 Gibbs-Thomson effect plays important role on the growth kinetics of faceted broad
faces of a plate like precipitate.
 false
 true
Q.14 During nucleation, below the critical radius the tiny particles are _______ and are
called _______. Fill in the blanks.
 unstable, embryos
 stable, embryos
 unstable, super-critical nuclei
 stable, super critical nuclei
Q.15 For heterogeneous nucleation in the grain interior, grain boundaries, grain edges
and grain corners, their critical energy barriers can be described as:
 Grain boundaries > Grain corners > Grain interior > Grain edges
 Grain corners > Grain boundaries> Grain edges > Grain interior
 Grain interior> Grain boundaries > Grain edges > Grain corners
 Grain boundaries > Grain edges > Grain corners > Grain interior

Score: 13

Quiz 4

Q.1 The strain energy of GP zones can be observed in optical microscope.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
  true
Q.2 In Cu-Co system the GP zones are coherent with the matrix phase.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.3 The theta_prime (θ') phase in Al-Cu system has a distorted BCC structure.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.4 After peak aged condition in Al-Cu system the inter-precipitate distance decreases
due to coarsening of precipitates.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.5 During coarsening the average radius of precipitate increases linearly with time.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.6 In oxide dispersoid steel (ODS) the rate of coarsening is very low. One of the
reason for this behaviour is low solubility of the elements of oxide particles in the
matrix.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.7 One of the initiation site for discontinuous coarsening is the interface between two
discontinuous precipitate colonies.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
  true
Q.8 Discontinuous precipitate colony can initiate from a disk like gain boundary
precipitate in a two phase alloy.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.9 For discontinuous precipitation the interlamellar spacing decreases with increase in
undercooling.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.10 Grain boundary acts as a transformation front for discontinuous precipitation.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.11 In non-cooperative eutectoid transformation the resulting microstructure is not
lamellar.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.12 In few alloy systems the parent phase for eutectoid transformation is a
liquid phase.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.13 The interface between alpha ferrite and gamma austentie is a fully coherent
interface.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
  true
Q.14 The growth rate of a pearlite colony depends on the interstitial diffusion coefficient
of carbon atoms in gamma austenite.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.15 For large undercooling It is possible for austenite of non-eutectoid composition to
transform directly to pearlite if the deviation from the eutectoid composition is not large.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.16 During Ostwald ripening (coarsening) mean particle size ________________ and
number of particles per unit volume _______________. Choose the correct option to fill
in the blanks (both of them should be correct).

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 increases, increases
 increases, decreases
 decreases, decreases
 decreases, increases

 Score: 16

End Sem Examination

Q.1

Two main processes occur during recovery are ____________ and ___________. Fill in
the blanks. No partial marks will be given for this question.
Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 Grain growth and annihilation of dislocations

 Reduction in point defect density and annihilation of dislocations
 Reduction in point defect density and grain growth
 Reduction in point defect density and nucleation of new strain free grains
Q.2

Driving force of recrystallization is ___________. Fill in the blank.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 Free enegery stored in dislocations.

 Free energy stored in grain boundaries
 Free energy stored in point defects
 Free energy stored in precipitates
Q.3 During cold work point defect density decreases and dislocation density increases.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.4 The electrical resistance of a material increases during recovery process.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.5 During polygonization process statistically stored dislocations become structural
dislocations.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.6 Coarser recrystallized grains can be found after recrystallization if the amount cold
work is higher.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

  false
 true
Q.7 Theoretically it is possible for a doubly curved boundary to have zero net curvature.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.8 Isotropic grain growth in a single phase random polycrystalline material follows
parabolic growth law.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.9 For solidification of a pure metal, maximum of nucleation rate is usually obtained at
higher undercooling than maximum of growth rate.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.10 In Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model the growth rate is assumed to be constant till the
particles of the product phase impinge with each other.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.11 In Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation the time exponent 'n' can vary from 1 to 4.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 0

 false
 true
Q.12 In TTT diagram for alloy steels two separate curves are possible for Pearlitic and
Bainitic transfromations.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

  false
 true
Q.13 For a plain carbon steel (eutectoid composition) Bainite cannot form in a CCT
diagram.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.14 For a plain carbon steel (eutectoid composition) the TTT curve is always at the left
of CCT curve because the cooled sample spends more time at higher temperature
before it intersects the TTT/CCT curve.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.15 Martensite cannot be obtained for a plain carbon steel with hypo-eutectoid
composition.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.16 For a plain carbon hyper-eutectoid steel martensite can be obtained only using
furnace cooling.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.17 For a plain carbon steel, crystal structure of martensite is ____________.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 FCC
 Monoclinic
 BCC
 BCT
Q.18 Tempered martensite consists of _______________ and _______________
phases. No partial marks for this question.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: -1; Your score: 1

 Martensite and Austenite

 Ferrite and Cementite
 Martensite and Ferrite
 Cementite and Austenite
Q.19 Lower bainite consists of ___________ and ___________ phases. No partial
marks for this question.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 Martensite, Ferrite
 Cementite, Austenite
 Ferrite, Cementite
 Martensite, Austenite
Q.20 Dual phase steel consists of the following phases:

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 Martensite and Ferrite

 Martensite and Cementite
 Pro-eutectoid Ferrite and Cementite
 Austenite and Cementite
Q.21 Spinodal decomposition will take place if an alloy is quenched inside the coherent
miscibility gap but outside the coherent spinodal and hold it isothermally for a long time.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.22 Uphill diffusion always occurs for spinodal decomposition.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 0

 false
 true
Q.23 If a binary alloy decomposes by spinodal decomposition the equilibrium
composition of the product phases will correspond to the compositions of inflection
points in the free energy vs. composition diagram.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.24 The critical wavelength for spinodal decomposition is half of the maximum
growing wavelength.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.25 Chemical spinodal will always be outside the coherent spinodal in a phase
diagram.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.26 Spinodal decomposition always produces bicontinuous microstructure.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 0

 false
 true
Q.27 The formation of thermal dendrite is possible when heat is extracted through the
liquid.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.28 In a plain carbon steel, degenerate pearlite consists of alternate lamellae of ferrite
and cementite phases.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
  true
Q.29 The enthalpy of mixing in a binary regular solution is always positive.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.30 The entropy of mixing in a binary regular solution is always negative.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.31 Massive Transformation and Precipitation both are civilian transformations.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.32 The shape of a GP zone with negative misfit with the matrix is always disc like.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true
Q.33 In a dilute A-B binary alloy B-rich GP zones can form in a A-rich matrix. The
atomic radii for A and B
are 1.42 Å and 1.38 Å, respectively. What is the percentrage unconstrained misfit?
(assume
A-rich matrix as the reference and calculate approximate value of misit)

Max. score: 4; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 4

 2.9%
 2.56%
 -2.9%
 -2.82%
Q.34 Estimate the surface energy of (200) surface plane in a FCC crystal in J/surface
atom. Assume molar latent heat of sublimation to be L J/mol. N is the Avogadro's
number (number of atoms per mole). Assume the first nearest neighbour interaction and
contribution from excess entropy is zero.

Max. score: 4; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 4

 (0.25L)/N
 (0.33L)/N
 (0.25N)/L
 (4L)/N
Q.35 A precpitate phase β is nucleating heterogeneously from a supersaturated solid
solution α
on a flat surface of an inclusion δ. The inclusion δ does not deform. If the interfacial
energies
γ_αβ = γ_βδ and γ_αδ = (√2 )γ_αβ , calculate the contact angle θ.

Max. score: 4; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 4

 45 degree
 83.5 degree
 65.5 degree
 35.5 degree
Q.36 Anomalous structures occur during eutectic solidification when both the phases
have low entropies of fusion.

Max. score: 1; Neg. score: 0; Your score: 1

 false
 true

Score: 42