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Class - XI, Expt - 1

The document describes how to use a screw gauge to measure the diameter and length of a thin wire. Key steps include determining the pitch and least count of the screw gauge, taking diameter measurements in perpendicular directions at five points along the wire, calculating the mean diameter, measuring the length of the wire three times, and using these values to calculate the volume of the wire. The experiment aims to accurately measure an unknown wire diameter using a screw gauge.

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1K views6 pages

Class - XI, Expt - 1

The document describes how to use a screw gauge to measure the diameter and length of a thin wire. Key steps include determining the pitch and least count of the screw gauge, taking diameter measurements in perpendicular directions at five points along the wire, calculating the mean diameter, measuring the length of the wire three times, and using these values to calculate the volume of the wire. The experiment aims to accurately measure an unknown wire diameter using a screw gauge.

Uploaded by

techjrgofficial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

SCREW GAUGE

DETERMINATION OF
UNKNOWN DIAMETER

Demonstrated By: JNYAN RANJAN GURU


DEMONSTRATOR/ LAB INCHARGE, LHTA
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To measure the diameter of a given wire using a Screw Gauge.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
➢ Screw Gauge
➢ A thin metallic Wire
➢ Metre Scale

THEORY
PITCH= Distance moved by the screw on the linear scale/
Number of rotations of circular scale

LEAST COUNT (LC) = PITCH/ Total number of divisions on the


circular scale

TOTAL READING (TSR)= 𝑳𝑺𝑹 + 𝑪𝑺𝑹 × 𝑳𝑪

= M + n * LC

𝐷 2
VOLUME OF THE WIRE= 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑙 = 𝜋 ( 2 ) 𝑙

DIAGRAM

2
PROCEDURE
1. First check that the rachet R on the head of the screw is
functioning properly. To find the pitch
2. Find the value of one linear scale division (L.S.D.).
3. Determine the pitch and the least count of the screw gauge
and record it step wise.
4. Bring the plane face B in contact with plane face A and find
the zero error. Do it three times and record them. If there
is no zero error, then record zero error nil.
5. Move the face B away from face A. Place the wire
lengthwise over face A and move the face B towards face A
using the ratchet head R. Stop when R turns (slips) without
moving the screw.
6. Note the number of divisions of the linear scale visible and
uncovered by the edge of the cap. The reading (IV) is called
linear scale reading (L.S.R.).
7. Note the number (n) of the division of the circular scale
lying over reference line.
8. Repeat steps 5 and 6 after rotating the wire by 90° for
measuring diameter in a perpendicular direction.
9. Repeat steps 4, 5, 6 and 7 for five different positions
separated equally throughout the length of the wire.
Record the observations in each set in a tabular form.
10. Find total reading and apply zero correction in each
case.
11. Take mean of different values of diameter.
12. Measure the length of the wire by stretching it along
a half-metre scale. Keeping one end of wire at a known
mark, note the position of other end. Difference in position
of the two ends of the wire gives the length of the wire. Do
it three times and record them.

3
OBSERVATIONS
For Pitch & Least Count

Value of smallest division on the linear scale= 1 mm

Number of rotations given to the circular scale (x)= 5

Linear distance moved by the screw in ‘x’ rotations (y)= 5 mm

PITCH= y/x = 5/5 = 1 mm

Total number of divisions on the circular scale = 100

LEAST COUNT = PITCH / Total number of divisions on the circular


scale

= 1/ 100 = 0.01 mm

ZERO ERROR= Nil (0)

TABULATION
MEASUREMENT OF DIAMETER OF THE WIRE

Diameter in one direction Diameter in perpendicular Observe


direction d
LSR Circular Diamet LSR Circular Diamet Diamete
(M) Coinciden er (M) Coinciden er r
(mm ce (n) (D1)= (mm ce (n) (D2)= D= (D1
) M+ n * ) M+ n* + D2)/
LC LC 2
(mm) (mm)
3 45 3.45 3 47 3.47 3.46
3 55 3.55 3 49 3.49 3.52
3 48 3.48 3 52 3.52 3.50
3 52 3.52 3 46 3.46 3.49
3 38 3.38 3 48 3.48 3.43

4
Mean observed diameter D = (3.46+ 3.52+ 3.50+ 3.49+ 3.43)/5

= 17.4/ 5 = 3.48 mm = 0.348 cm

MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH OF THE WIRE

Least count of the metre scale = 0.1 cm

Length of the wire (a) l1 = 4 cm

(b) l2 = 4 cm (c) l3= 4 cm

Mean length= (4+4+4)/3 = 4 cm

CALCULATION

Volume of the given wire,

V = 𝜋 (𝐷2)
2
𝑙

={ (22/7)(0.348/2)2 * 4} cm3

= 0.38 cm3

RESULT
The diameter of the given wire = 3.48 mm

The volume of the given wire= 0.38 cm3

5
PRECAUTIONS
➢ There shouldn’t be any friction while moving the screw.
➢ The screw should always be rotated by ratchet R and not by cap K
to avoid undue pressure.
➢ For zero correction proper sign should be noted.
➢ To avoid back-lash error in the screw, the screw should be moved
in the same direction.
➢ The diameter of the wire should be measured at each place in two
perpendicular directions and mean should be taken.
➢ Along the entire length of the wire, readings should be taken at five
different places.
➢ Avoid errors because of parallax.

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