Performance Metal

Refractory Anchor Stainless Steel Property Chart

(High Temperature Applications Only)

S235JR Up To 400 °C
(In Service) P1 Add Chrome [Cr] 410S Up To 700 °C
(In Service) P7 309/309S Up To 1000 °C
(In Service) P8
Standard SILICON Carbon Steel Cheaper Than 304 for Low Temperatures Signficantly Higher Temperature Steel
Iron [Fe] Based Iron [FE] Based / 11.5-13.5% Chrome [Cr] 22-24% Chrome [Cr] / 12-15% Nickel [Ni]
0.5-1.5% Manganese [Mn] Considered stainless steel. If the application is Simply more resistant to corrosion at higher
Used for the lower temperature unit types. non-critical and low-risk - 410S will work fine. temperatures than 308.
Non-critical anchorage. Cheaper because of the lack of Nickel. S version has lower carbon and welds easier.

Add Nickel [Ni] Bit More Chrome [Cr]

Add Chrome [Cr]
Bit More Nickel [Ni]
Add Nickel [Ni]

304 Up To 700 °C
(In Service) P8 304H Up To 700 °C
(In Service) P8 Bit More Chrome [Cr]
Bit More Nickel [Ni] 308 Up To 925 °C
(In Service) P8
Typical “18-8” Stainless Steel Typical “18-8” Stainless Steel w/ More Carbon Slightly Higher Temperature Steel
Iron [Fe] Based Greater strength at high temperatures. 19-22% Chrome [Cr] / 10-12% Nickel [Ni]
18-20% Chrome [Cr] / 8-10% Nickel [Ni] Corrodes quicker in normal conditions. Simply more resistant to corrosion at higher
Most commonly encountered anchoring steel. Higher Carbon [C] Carbon causes harder welds in the weld metal. temperatures than 304.
Good resistance in many high temperature Content Limit 0.1%
applications. Affordable metal.

Add More Chrome [Cr]

Add More Nickel [Ni]

Higher Carbon [C]

321/321H Up To 800 °C
(In Service) P8 316 Up To 600 °C
(In Service) P8
Content Limit 0.1% 304 w/ Titanium w/ More Carbon (H) Heavy Corrosion Resistant Steel
Generally more stable performance than 16-18% Chrome [Cr] / 10-14% Nickel [Ni]
Added Titanium [Ti] 304 at similar to slightly higher temperatures. 2-3% Molybdenum [Mo]
Range 0.3-0.7% More ductile & less prone to stress fractures. Lower Chrome [Cr] Less good in higher temperature areas, but
Less chance to crack or corrode in the area Higher Nickel [Ni] better if there are corrosive chemicals present.
close to the weld (Heat Affected Zone). Add Molybdenum [Mo]

Add Acidic Corrosion Resistance

At Lower Service Temperatures

310/310S Up To 1150 °C
(In Service) P8 Add Cerium [Ce]
Add Nitrogen [N] 253MA Up To 1150 °C
(In Service) P8 Add More Silicon [Si]
314 Up To 1150 °C
(In Service) P8
Typical First “Upgrade” from 304 Add Silicon [Si] Cheaper Alternative w/ Similar Performance 310 w/ Up to 3% Silicon (Si)
Iron [Fe] Based Iron [Fe] Based w/ Added Cerium [Ce] 23-26% Chrome [Cr] / 19-22% Nickel [Ni]
24-26% Chrome [Cr] / 19-22% Nickel [Ni] 20-22% Chrome [Cr] / 10-12% Nickel [Ni] Similar to 310, less weldable & less ductile but
Can handle higher temperatures better than 304 Lower Cost Alternative to 310 w/ overall better better against oxidation due to added Silicon [Si].
in same operating conditions. performance in hot service by using rare metals. Not a generally well known or used metal.
310S has less carbon than 310, better weldable. Slightly Less Easily Weldable Than 310.
Handles heavy thermal cycling better than 310.
Not a well known material by customers.
Add More Chrome [Cr]
Add More Nickel [Ni] Add Acidic Corrosion Resistance
Add Silicon [Si] At Higher Service Temperatures
Add Manganese [Mn]

330 Up To 1050 °C
(In Service) P46 Add Titanium [Ti]
Add Aluminum [Al]
800HT Up To 1150 °C
(In Service) P45 Double Nickel [Ni]
600 Up To 1100 °C
(In Service) P43
Considered A High Nickel Stainless High Nickel Stainless w/ Aluminum & Titanium Called a Super Alloy, Nickel Based Stainless
Iron [Fe] + Nickel [Ni] Based Iron [Fe] + Nickel [Ni] Based Nickel [Ni] Based 72+%
34-37% Nickel [Ni] / 18-20% Chrome [Cr] 30-35% Nickel [Ni] / 19-23% Chrome [Cr] 14-17% Chrome [Cr] / 6-10% Iron [Fe]
This alloy type is branded as Incoloy®. This alloy type is also branded as Incoloy®. This alloy type is branded as Inconel®.
This material makes a great anchor that can Slightly better performance than 330, but with a This material is mostly used in wet acidic
resist carburization & oxidation especially well. relatively higher price point. Better strength. applications due to the incredibly high nickel.
Trusted to be used in especially acidic processes, Generally slightly more resistant to oxidation at Well known, expensive and works very well.
especially with sulphur and chlorine. higher temperature than 330 due to [Al] & [Ti],
Very resistant to becoming brittle over long especially for long durations and thermal cycles.
Less Nickel [Ni]
periods of thermal cycling, making it a very long Not a well known material.
Add Aluminum [Al]
lasting anchor.
Add Copper [Cu]
Increase Chrome [Cr]
Add Rare Metals
Add Cobalt [Co]
Add More Silicon [Si]
625 Up To 1150 °C
(In Service) P43 601 Up To 1100 °C
(In Service) P43
Strong Wear & Acid Resistant Metal Light Acid Corrosion Resistant Metal
Nickel [Ni] Based 58+% w/ Aluminum & Titanium Nickel [Ni] Based 58-63%, w/ Aluminum & Copper
20-23% Chrome [Cr] / 8-10% Molybdenum [Mo] 21-25% Chrome [Cr] / 8-20% Iron [Fe]
Welds very well compared to other Inconels. This material is good for acidic conditions that
Typically expects to see direct exposure to the mostly experience acids in gaseous form.
processing chemicals. Added aluminium prevent sulphur eating away
Reduce Nickel [Ni] Expensive material, but widely available. at the steel, especially from thermal cycling.
Add More Chrome [Cr]
Add Rare Metals Add Rare Metals
Reduce Molybydenum [Mo] Add More Aluminum [Al]
Add Titanium [Ti]

333 Up To 1200 °C
(In Service) P43 602CA Up To 1150 °C
P43
HR-160 P46
(In Service)
Up To 1200 °C Application Specific
(In Service) “The Disciple” Heavy Acid Corrosion Resistant Metal
Performance Choice
Refractory Anchor “God Mode” Nickel [Ni] Based 44-47% Nickel [Ni] Based 60+%, w/ Rare Metals
Nickel [Ni] Based 37+% 24-27% Chrome [Cr] / 16-20% Iron [Fe] 24-26% Chrome [Cr] / 8-11% Iron [Fe]
30% Cobalt [Co] / 28% Chrome [Cr] More Tungsten [W] & Molybdenum [Mo] Added Aluminum [Al], Titanium [Ti], Yttrium [Y]
Added bits of Silicon [Si], Iron [Fe], Tungsten [W], Since the expiration of the patent, this material Zirconium [Zr], Copper [Cu].
Reduce Cobalt [Co] has become more affordable as an alternative
Molybdenum [Mo[, Niobium [Nb]. Titanium [Ti] Used in applications where 601 & others cannot
Add Tungsten [W] to HR-160 and 602CA. The difference between
This alloy is commonly branded as Haynes®. handle the heavy amount of acidic gasses,
No Rare Metals HR-160, 333 and 602CA very much lies at the
This steel outperforms all other metals at the especially where sulphur is involved.
Add More exact temperature exposure within 50° C and
highest operating temperatures where the heat Very, very expensive material and not easy to get
Molybydenum [Mo] time the steel is going to be at that temperature.
is very consistent. quickly.

Add Cobalt [Co]

Different Rare Metals