em 1 Give definitions of (2) diffusion (©) condensation (b)evaporation (qd) distilation, 2 Match each of the words on the left with two of the statements on the right. particles close together Solid particles move everyuiere fiquig Patties fr apart ‘can flow but has a definite surface gox 88a definite shape particles only vibrate 3 Match each piece of apparatus on the left with the phrase on the right that describes it. volumetric can be used to measure out flask approximately 20cm? ofa solution pliner 9 Be used to mix two solutions can be used to make up S00em? Durette of a solution accurately besker used to change a vapour back to a liquid condenser £2" De used to measure out 18.5em? of a liquid accuratoly 4 Draw a flow diagram to show how you ‘an separate a mixture of coloured dyes by chromatography. 5 Use ideas about particles to explain why: {a) a balloon gets bigger when you blow into it {(b) solids have a fixed shape (© you can’t squeeze a sealed syringe full of water. 1 Which one of these pieces of apparatus is best used for measuring out 13.5cin? of acid accurately? (Paper 1) 2 Which one of these methods is used to separate a mixture of liquids? A filtration B crystallisation © evaporation Distillation Paper 1) 3 Acengstal of a water-soluble red dye was placed ina beaker of water () Describe what you would see (i) after 10 minutes (ii) after several days. 2} (b) Describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in (the crystal ) (iD. the water. 2 (€) Describe how to get dry crystals of the dye from a solution of the dye in water. (3) (Paper 3) 4 (a) Name the change of state from: (solid to liquid liquid to gas (iil) g2s to liquid. BI (b) Which two of these changes of state occur When energy is absorbed? Explain your answer using ideas about forces between particles. 2) (€) Describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in @ gas a2) (Paper 3) 5 Chromatography can be used to separate a mixture of coloured dyes. (2) Draw a diagram to show the apparatus Used to carry out chromatography, (3) (b) Three different mixtures of dyes A, B and C were spotted onto a piece of chromatography paper. ‘Two pure dyes, D and E, were also spotted onto the same piece of paper.(i) Where was dye A placed at the start of the experiment? a (ii) Which mixture contained the greatest number of different dyes? ti) (iil) Which dye contains both the pure dyes D and E? a) (iv) Which dye mixture contains neither dye D nor dye E? a (Paper 3) 6 A student set up the apparatus shown below. Con woo soaked Coton woo soaked with with methylamine Thode acid Methyiamine and hydrochloric acid give off vapours which react with each other to form a white ring at point Sin the tube. (2) Use ideas about moving particles to explain: (0) the process of evaporation from the cotton wool 22) (i). how the partcies of methylamine and hydrogen chloride move along the tube. (2) (b) Fxplain the position of the white ring, S, in the tube. ra} (0) An ammonia molecule has about half the mass of a methylamine molecule. If ‘ammonia was used in this experiment in place of methylamine, predict: (i) the position of the white ring {1 (i). why the white ring would be in this postion, 2) (Paper 4) 7 Chromatography was used to separate a mixture of amino acids using ethanol as a solvent. The result is shown in the diagram below. Solvent ron Fain ne (a) How many different amino acids were there in the mixture? a {b) Copy the diagram and mark with an‘M" the amino acid which is the most soluble in ethanol a (©) Calculate the R, value of the amino acid MY using the diagram shown. nm {d) Some amino acids are not easily separated by paper chromatography using ethanol Suggest how you could separate these amino acids. ul (€) Amino acids are colourless compounds. Describe how the spots of the amino acids can be made visible. 22) (Paper 4) £8 Tiny particles of graphite suspended in water show random irregular movement. (a) Name this type of movement. ol) (b) Explain, using the kinetic particle theory, the reason for this random movement. [5] Paper 4) {9 The diagram shows a porous pot, which allows the passage of gases through tiny holes in the wall (2) Describe how this apparatus can be used to show that hydrogen has a lower molecular mass than earbon dioxide. [3] (b) Explain your answer to part (a) using the kinetic particle theory. 15] iyogen Pero i a cowed ater (Paper 4)