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Environmental Science Assignment

Rehmat Ullah is a student in Section B with CMS ID 62351 studying Environmental Science. They have submitted an assignment on the 2022 floods in Pakistan to their teacher Ma'am Rehana. The 3 page assignment discusses the record-breaking floods that impacted over 33 million people across Pakistan, damaging over 1 million homes and killing over 1,200 people. It covers the impacts of the floods on infrastructure, crops, livestock, and exacerbation of issues like food insecurity and waterborne diseases. The assignment concludes that the floods were climate change induced and that Pakistan remains highly vulnerable to climate impacts despite low emissions, and that relief efforts are ongoing.

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30 views3 pages

Environmental Science Assignment

Rehmat Ullah is a student in Section B with CMS ID 62351 studying Environmental Science. They have submitted an assignment on the 2022 floods in Pakistan to their teacher Ma'am Rehana. The 3 page assignment discusses the record-breaking floods that impacted over 33 million people across Pakistan, damaging over 1 million homes and killing over 1,200 people. It covers the impacts of the floods on infrastructure, crops, livestock, and exacerbation of issues like food insecurity and waterborne diseases. The assignment concludes that the floods were climate change induced and that Pakistan remains highly vulnerable to climate impacts despite low emissions, and that relief efforts are ongoing.

Uploaded by

rehmatharifal3
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Rehmat ullah Section : B

CMS ID : 62351 Subject : Environmental science

ASSIGNMENT NO : 1
TOPIC: Flood in Pakistan
SUBMITTING TO: MA’AM REHANA
2022 Flood in Pakistan
Pakistan has gone through an unprecedented series of climate-induced disasters in 2022 including the
record-breaking heatwave in March-April, glacial lake outbursts in Gilgit-Baltistan, wildfires in forests of
Baluchistan and KPK in May, urban flooding in Karachi in July, the early onset of monsoon, and the
ensuing flash floods across the country. These cataclysmic incidents have had significant and cascading
impacts on ecosystems, infrastructure, agriculture and water supply, contributing to larger effects on
economic production. this climate crisis has been worsened and exacerbated by mismanagement, lack of
resources, incompetence, and unpreparedness and negligence of the country’s administration.
Torrential monsoon rains in 2022 have triggered the most severe floods in the recent history of Pakistan,
leaving many parts of the country devastated as over a thousand people have been killed and millions
rendered homeless. The government of Pakistan has declared a national emergency. However, the effects
of the climate change-induced flash floods have been exacerbated by bad governance, delayed response,
lack of resources and a proactive approach.
The consequences of the 2022 floods are far-reaching and unprecedented as they have engendered the
imminent threat of food insecurity, water-borne diseases, malnutrition, and social unrest in Pakistan. As
the country faces a calamity of such a massive scale that has affected every province and devastated the
masses, political leaders must come together, putting aside their partisan politics, and offer a collective
response to the catastrophe in the larger interest of the people.

Impact of the Floods


The devastating flash floods have submerged one-third of Pakistan, affecting and displacing over 33
million people nationwide, washing away roads, homes, and crops – leaving a trail of deadly havoc across
the country. According to the National Disaster Management Authority, between 14 th June and 1st
September, at least 1208 people were killed, a third of which were children, and 6082 people injured, with
numbers increasing as the rain continued.

Over 1 million houses have been damaged, with 436,307 completely destroyed and almost 736,242
partially damaged. Livelihoods are also being heavily impacted as 173 shops have been destroyed and
more than 733,488 livestock – a critical source of sustenance and livelihoods for many families – have
died. Over 2 million acres of crops and orchards have been impacted, including 304,475 acres in
Balochistan, 178,186 acres in Punjab, and 1.54 million acres in Sindh.
The crisis Is being exacerbated by massive infrastructure damage. Damage to approximately 5000 km of
highways and 243 bridges has not only impeded people’s ability to evacuate to safer places but also
restricted relief distribution to those in need.

Climate Change-Induced Flooding


According to the Global Climate Risk Index, Pakistan is the eighth most vulnerable country to
climate crisis despite its very low carbon footprint. Pakistan has emitted only 0.4% of carbon
dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas, since 1959, compared to 21.5% by the United States and
16.4% by China.
Even though Pakistan is responsible for the emission of less than 1% of the world’s global
warming gases yet between 1952 and 2009, the temperatures in the country have risen by 0.3°C
per decade – higher than the global average. This gradual warming of temperatures caused the
phenomenal heatwaves in April and May this year with temperatures reaching above 40°C for
prolonged periods in many places.

Response to the Flash Floods


Amidst the economic turmoil, the government lacks the means, resources, and capacity to
independently provide relief and rebuild the people displaced and areas affected by floods.
Welfare and non-governmental organizations have played a pivotal role in conducting rescue and
relief operations for flood victims.
The Government of Pakistan announced a $170 million allocation to flood victims on August
30th, which will be distributed through the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) as part of
the Pakistan Flood Response Plan 2022. The former prime minister, Imran Khan, held a 3-hour-
long telethon to raise funds for flood affectees and received ₨. 500 crores (or US$22.5 million)
in pledges for flood relief.

Conclusion
During the monsoon season, rainfall was equivalent to nearly 2.9 times the national 30-year
average, causing widespread flooding and landslides with severe repercussions for human lives,
property, and infrastructure. An estimated 20.6 million people, including 9.6 million children,
need humanitarian assistance. To date, 94 districts had declared ‘calamity hit’ by the
Government of Pakistan. Many of the hardest-hit districts were amongst the most vulnerable
districts in Pakistan, where children already suffer from high malnutrition, poor access to water
and sanitation, low school enrolment, and other deprivations. In mountainous and high altitude
areas of Pakistan.

References: NDMA Pakistan, , (OCHA, 28 nov 2022), (OCHA, 5 Dec 2022)


UNICEF, 23 Dec 2022)

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