Republic of the Philippines

AKLAN STATE
UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education
Banga, Aklan

Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics 9

I. Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. determine direct variation from a table of values, graph ad mathematical
equation;
2. solve problems involving direct variation;
3. show interest in solving direct variation

II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Direct Variations
B. Reference: Mathematics Learner's Material 9, pp. 194 - 203
C. Materials: Cartolina, Marker, Chalk, Laptop, Projector, Study Guides
D. Value Focus: Teamwork, active cooperation
E. PPST: Domain 4: Curriculum and Planning
F. Strategy: Deductive Method and Cooperative Learning

III. Methodology:
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preparatory Activities
a. Prayer
Everyone, please all stand for our prayer. (Name of the
student), please lead the prayer.
(One of the students will come in front to lead the
prayer.)
Let us pray.
Lord our God, Father of light, with Your
assistance we will study patiently and perform
our duties conscientiously. For Your greater
honor and glory, grant us a bright intellect, a
sound judgement, and a retentive memory. Amen.

b. Greetings
Good morning, class!
Good morning, Ma’am.
How are you today?
We are feeling great, Ma’am!
It’s nice to hear that.

Before you take your seats, kindly check and pick if

there is a piece of paper under your chairs, then seat
properly.
 (The students will pick up the trash, align their
Are you done? chairs and take their seats)

Okay, thank you class! Yes ma’am!

c. Checking of student’s attendance

Ms. Secretary, kindly list the name of the students who
are absent today and pass it to me later.

Thank you.
Okay ma’am
d. Passing of Assignments
Do you have any assignment last meeting class?
None ma’am
e. Review of the Past Lesson
Before we proceed to our new lesson today, let us
have a short review of the lesson we had last meeting.

What was our previous lesson all about?

Our previous lesson ma’am is all about Addition
and Subtraction of Dissimilar Rational
Very good! Expressions.

What are the steps in adding and subtracting of

dissimilar rational expressions?

The steps in adding and subtracting of rational

expressions are
1. Find LCD as your new denominator.
2. Divide LCD to the original denominator.
3. Multiply your answer in a numerator.
Great! 4. Perform the operation and simplify.

Let’s see if you still remember how to solve

Addition and Subtraction of Rational
Expressions.

Try to solve this on the board.

5 2
1. −
18𝑎⁴𝑏 27𝑎³𝑏²𝑐

2𝑥 14𝑥²
2. 10𝑥 + 5𝑥²

Solve number 1 (Name of the Student ) and

Solve for number 2 (Name of the Student)
1. 5 2 (3𝑏𝑐)(5)−(2𝑎)(2) 15𝑏𝑐−4𝑎
18𝑎⁴𝑏 − 27𝑎3𝑏2𝑐 = 54𝑎⁴𝑏²𝑐 = 54𝑎⁴𝑏²𝑐

2. 2𝑥 14𝑥² 𝑥(2𝑥)+2(14𝑥2) 2𝑥2+28𝑥² 30𝑥²

10𝑥 + 5𝑥² = 10𝑥² = 10𝑥² = 10𝑥² = 2
Excellent!

It seems that you really understand our past lesson.

f. Motivation

Before we proceed to our new lesson, let’s have a

game. This game entitled MATCH ME!

Here are the mechanics of the game:

1. The class will be divided into two groups.
In my left side will be the group 1 and in
my right side will be the group 2. Each
group must choose 5 representatives to do
the activity in front.
2. I will give you a picture with something
written on it, then find the correct answer
on the board and match it.
3. Whoever got the higher score will be the
winner.
Understand?
Yes ma’am.
Let’s get started!

1. The more I ate,

The more weight I gained.

2. The more we drive,

The more fuel is needed.

3. The less water you drink,

The less trips to the bathroom you have to make.

4. The more strawberry I purchased,

The more it cost.

5. The more hours I work,

The more money I make.

Did you enjoy our game class?

Yes, ma’am.
B. Presentation of the Lesson
Today we are going to discuss Direct
Variations. We will be guided of what you are going
to learn by the following objectives. Class kindly
read it loud and clear.
At the end of the lesson the students should be
able to:
1. determine direct variations from a table of
values, graph ad mathematical equation;
2. solve problems involving direct variation;
3. show interest in solving direct variation
Thank you, class.

C. Discussion:
Our lesson for today is all about Direct Variations.
What is direct variation? Kindly read loud and clear.

Direct variation whenever a situation produces pairs of

numbers in which their ratio is constant.
Direct variation whenever a situation produces
pairs of numbers in which their ratio is constant.
The statements:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x” Students will listen attentively.
“y is proportional to x”

Likewise, the statements translate mathematically as y

= kx. Where k is often referred as the constant of
proportionality.

For two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes an

increase in y as well. Similarly, a decrease in x causes
a decrease in y.

Example 1: Write an equation for the following

statements.
a. The fare F of a passenger varies directly as the d
distance of his destination.

From the statement, we can right this in the equation:

F = kd.

b. The weight W of an objects is directly proportional

to its mass m.

From the statement, we can write this in the equation

W = km

c. The area A of a triangle is proportional to its height

h.

From the statement, we can write this in the equation:

A = kh

Example 2. If y varies directly as x and y = 24 when x

= 6, find the variation constant and the equation of
variation.

Solution:
a. Express the statement “y varies directly as x” as y
= kx.
b. Solve for k by substituting the given values in the
equation.
y = kx
24 = 6k
24 6𝑘
=
6 6
k=4
Therefore, the constant of variation is 4.

c. Form the equation of the variation by substituting 4

in the statement, y = kx.
y = 4x.

We can see that the constant of variation can be solved

if one pair of values of x and y is known.

Understand?
Yes ma’am!
Let us have another example and try to solve this.

(Name of Student) please solve it on the board.

Example 3:
If y varies directly as x and y=12 when x=4, find the
constant of variation and the equation of variation.
Given: y = 12, x = 4

Solution:
y = kx
12 = k4
12 4𝑘
=
4 4
k=3

Equation of Variation
y = kx
y = 3x
Very good!
Let us have another example

Example 4. From the equation, other pairs having the

same relationship can be obtained.

“If x varies directly as y and x = 35 when y = 7, what is

the value of y when x = 25?

Solution:
Since x varies directly as y, then the equation of
variation is in the form x = ky. Substitute the given
values of y and x to solve for k in the equation.

Solution:
x = ky
35 = k (7)
35 7k
=
7 7
k=5

Hence, the equation of variation is x = 5y.

Solve for y when x = 25,
Solve for y:
x = 5y
25 = 5y
25 5y
=
5 5
y=5

Hence, y = 5.

Let us have another example and try to solve this.

(Name of Student) please solve it on the board

Example 5: If y varies directly as x and y = -18 when

x = 9, what is the value of y when x=12?
Given: y = -18, x = 9
y = kx
−18 = k(9)
−18 9k
=
9 9
k = −2
Equation of variation:
y = kx
y = −2x

Solve for y:
x = 12, y = ?
y = −2x
y = −2(12)
y = −24

Very good!

Example 6. The table below shows that the distance

travelled by the motorist varies directly as the time
spent. Find the constant of variation and the equation
which describe the relation.

Time in 1 2 3 4 5
hours(t)
Distance 10 20 30 40 50
in km (d)

Solution:
Since the distance d varies directly as the time t, then
d
= kt.
Using one of the pairs of values, (2, 20), from the
table, substitute the values of d and t in d = kt and
solve for k. So,
d = kt
20 = k(2)
 20 2k
=
2 2
k = 10
Therefore, the constant of variation is 10. We can see
that the constant of variation can be solved if one pair
of values x and y is known.

Form the equation of the variation by substituting 10

in the statement, d = kt.
d = 10t.

Understand? Yes ma’am

Let us have another example and try to solve this.
(Name of Student) please solve it on the board.

Example 7: Determine if the table below express a

direct variation between variable. Find the constant of
variation and on equation that defines the relation.

x 1 2 3 4
y 20 40 60 80

Use one of the pairs of values, (4, 80)

Solution:
y = kx
80 = k(4)
80 = 4k
80 4𝑘
4 = 4
k = 20

Equation of variation:
y = kx
y = 20x
Very good!

Example 8. Using the graph below, find the constant

k of variation and the equation which describes the
relation.

475
500
380
400
cost in peso (c)

285
300
190
200
95
100
0
0 2 4 6
weight of tilapia in kg (w)
Solution:
If the cost of tilapia c varies directly as its weight w,
then the relationship can be translated into
mathematical statement 𝐜 = 𝐤𝐰. Using one of the
points on the graph (2, 190), substitute the values of c
and w in c = kw and solve for k.
c = kw
190 = k (2)
190 2𝑘
= 2 2
k = 95
Therefore, the constant of variation is 95. Form the
mathematical equation of the variation by substituting
95 in the statement c = kw.
c = 95w

Note: The graph of Direct Variation is straight line.

Understand?
Yes ma’am
Let us have another example and try to solve this.
(Name of Student) please solve it on the board.

Example 9. Find the constant of variation (k) and an

equation that defines the relation.

90
100
75
80
fair in a tricycle(f)

60
60 45
30
40
15
20
0
0 2 4 6
8
number of students(n)
Solution:
Given: n=3, f=45
f = kn
45 = k(3)
45 3k
=
3 3
k = 15
Equation of Variation
f = kn
f = 15n
Example 10. Solve for the following problem using
the concepts learned in direct variation.
1. The service fee (f) of a professional physical
therapist varies directly as the number of hours (h)
of service rendered. If a physical therapist charged
Php1350 for 3 hours of service, how much would
he be paid for 5 ½ hours of service?
Solution:
f = kh →equation of variation

Find the constant of variation by substituting the given

value; f = 1350 and h = 3.
f = kh
1350 = k(3)
1350 3𝑘
3 = 3
k = 450 → constant of variation

How much would he be paid for 5 ½ hours of service?

Solution:
k = 450
h = 5½
f=?

Solve for f:
f = kh
f = 450(5½)
f = 2,475
Therefore, the physical therapist would be paid
P2,475.00 for 5½ hours of service.

Understand? Yes ma’am

Let us have another example and try to solve this.
(Name of Student) please solve it on the board.

1. A worker’s pay check P varies directly as the

number of hours h worked. For working 20 hrs, the
payment is ₱ 1,000.00. Find the payment for 45 hrs
of work. Given:
h = 20, P = ₱ 1000.00
Solve for k:
𝑃 = 𝑘ℎ
1000 = 𝑘(20)
1000 = 20𝑘
1000 20𝑘
=
20 20
𝑘 = 50

Equation of variation:
𝑃 = 𝑘ℎ
𝑃 = 50ℎ

Solve for P:
P = ? h = 45
𝑃 = 50ℎ
𝑃 = 50(45)
𝑃 = ₱2,250.00
Do you have any questions and clarification class?
 None ma’am
Since none, prepare for an activity.

D. Application
I will divide you into 3 groups. Each group will have a
problem to solve and each group should have one
representative to write the output on the board. You
have 10 minutes to do your activity. Is that
understood? Yes, ma’am.
(The students count 1 to 3 and go to their group
according to their number and start answering and
discussing the problem.)

Activity 1 (Group I)
A. Express the following as an equation where k is
the constant of variation.
1. The circumference (C) of a circle varies directly as Answer: C=kd
the length of its diameter (d).

2. The cost (C) of a fish varies directly as its weight Answer: C=kw
(w) in kilograms.

3. The number of pechay plants (n) in a row varies

directly as the space (s) between them. Answer: n=ks

4. The fare (F) of a passenger varies directly as the Answer: F=kd

distance (d) of his destination
.
5. The weight (W) of an object is directly proportional Answer: W=km
to its mass (m).

B. Find k, if y varies directly as x

1. x = 15 when y = 120 Solution:
y = kx
120 = k(15)
120 15𝑘
=
15 15
k=8

Solution:
2. y = 45 when x = 5 y = kx
45 = k(5)
45 45𝑘
=
5 5
k=9

3. x = 8 when y = 112 Solution:

y = kx
112 = k(8)
112 8𝑘
=
8 8
 k =14
4. x = 9 when y = 21
Solution:
y = kx
21 = k(9)
21 9𝑘
=
9 9
7
k=
5. y =42 when x = 14 3
Solution:
y = kx
42 = k(14)
42 14𝑘
=
14 14
k =3
Activity 2 (Group II)
Determine if the table of values express a direct
variation between two variables. If they do, find the
constant of variation and an equation that defines the
relation.

1
Answer: Not a direct variation

2 Solution:
y = kx
6 = k(14)
6 14𝑘
=
14 14
3
k=
7
Equation of Variation:
y = kx
3
y= x
7

3 Solution:
y = kx
−3 = k(−15)
−3 −15𝑘
=
−15 −15
1
k=
5 of variation:
Equation
y = kx
1
y= x
5

4
 Answer: Not a direct variation

5
Solution:
y = kx
−4 = k(−2)
−4 −2𝑘
−2 −2
=
k =2
Equation of variation:
y = kx
y = 2x
Activity 3 (Group 3)
Determine if the graph express a direct variation
between two variables. If they do, find the constant of
variation and an equation that defines the relation.

1.
Bike Rate
60 49
42
35
40 28
Distance (miles)

21
14
20 7

0
0 2 4 6 8

Time(hours)

Solution:
y = kx
60 = k(6)
60 6𝑘
=
6 6
k =10
Equation of variation:
y = kx
y = 10x
2.

y
40 35
28
30
21
20 14
7
10

0
0 2 4 6
X
 Solution:
y = kx
30 = k(3)
30 3𝑘
=
3 3
k =2
Equation of variation:
y = kx
3. y = 2x

y
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

x
Answer: Not a direct variation

Okay, let us check your work.

Each representative of every group presents their
works on the class.
Very good!

E. Generalization:
Always remember the key points on how to identify a
direct variation. There is direct variation whenever a
situation produces pairs of numbers in which their
ratio is constant.

The statements:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x”
“y is proportional to x”
are translated mathematically as y = kx, where k is
the constant of variation.

For two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes an

increase in y as well. Similarly, a decrease in x causes
a decrease in y.

IV. Evaluation:

Get ½ crosswise and answer the following.

A. Which of the following situations show direct
variation? Write Y if it is and N if not.
1. The cost of electrical bill directly proportional to
number of fans running in the house.
Answer: Y
2. The number of family members are directly
expenditures. Answer: Y

B. In each of the following, y varies directly as x.

Find the values as indicated.
1. If y = 20 when x = 5, find y when x = 10
Solution:
y = kx
20 = k(5)
20 5𝑘
=
5 5
k =4
Equation of variation:
y = kx
y = 4x
Solve for y:
x = 10, y =?
y = kx
y = 4(10)
𝑦 = 40
2. If y = -25 when x = 5, find y when x = 2.
Solution:
y = kx
−25 = k(5)
−25 5𝑘
=
5 5
k =-5
Equation of variation:
y = kx
y = −5x

Solve for y:
x = 2, y =?
y = kx
y = −5(2)
y = −10
3. If y = 12 when x = 3, find y when x = 5
Solution:
y = kx
12 = k(3)
12 3𝑘
=
3 3
k =4
Equation of variation:
y = kx
y = 4x
Solve for y:
x = 5, y =?
y = kx
 y = 4(5)
y = 20
4. If y = -9 when x = 3, find y when x = 6.
Solution:
y = kx
−9 = k(3)
−9 3𝑘
=
3 3
k =-3
Equation of variation:
y = kx
y = −3x
Solve for y:
x = 6, y =?
y = kx
y = −3(6)
y = −18
C. Write an equation for the following statements:
1. An employee’s salary S varies directly as the
number of days d he has worked.
Answer: S= kd
2. The cost C of fish varies directly as its weight w in
kilograms.
Answer: C= kw
D. Solve.
The number N of bottles produced by a machine
varies directly to the amount of time t the machine is
working. If the machine produces 15,000 bottles in 6
hours, how many bottles can it produce in 18 hours?
Solution:
N = kt
15000 = k(6)
15000 6𝑘
=
6 6
k =2,500
Equation of variation:
y = kx
y = 2,500x
Solve for y:
x = 18, y =?
y = kx
y = 2,500(18)
y =45,000
Excellent!

V. Assignment:

1. Follow-up
The pressure p at the bottom of a swimming pool
varies directly as the depth d of the water. If the
pressure is 125 Pascal when the water is 2 meters
deep, find the pressure when it is 4.5 meters deep.
2. Study
a. What do you mean by the word inverse?
b. What is inverse variation?
c. What mathematical statement represents inverse
variation?